Nanofluid Heat Transfer Research Articles

Optimizing heat and mass transfer in Carreau nanofluid with mixed nanoparticles in porous media using explicit finite difference method

Purpose:This study investigates the effects of hybrid nanoparticles on thermal performance, focusing on convection, magnetic fields, diffusion, radiation, and chemical reactions in porous media. An H2O-based fractional Carreau hybrid nanofluid is utilized to enhance heat transfer for industrial applications like gas turbines and condensers. Design/Methodology/Approach:The Caputo definition of fractional derivatives models the fluid flow, integrating integer and non-integer dynamics. The governing equations are dimensionally reduced and solved using the explicit finite difference method (EFD), with stability and convergence criteria ensuring accuracy. Key parameters, including the Sherwood and Nusselt numbers, are examined to understand thermal and mass transfer behavior. Findings:Results show that fractional exponents and thermophysical properties significantly influence flow behavior. Fluid velocity increases with the fractional exponent (α) due to reduced resistance, while higher porosity parameter (λ4) decreases velocity. The temperature gradient decreases by 20.31% with the fractional exponent (β) and by 22.87% with the Weissenberg number. Skin friction increases by 28.17% with the magnetic parameter, and higher thermal conductivity enhances temperature profiles.

Dual Solutions of Two-Dimensional Hybrid Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer Past a Porous Medium Permeable Shrinking Sheet with Influence of Heat GenerationAbsorption and Convective Boundary Condition

In this study, the dual solutions of two-dimensional hybrid nanofluid flow and heat transfer past a porous medium permeable shrinking sheet with influence of heat generation/absorption and convective boundary condition were examined using the bvp4c solver with the MATLAB computational framework. The utilization of two-dimensional hybrid nanofluid flow and heat transfer in the presence of a porous medium permeable shrinking sheet, considering the effects of heat generation/absorption and convective boundary conditions, has wide-ranging applications in industries such as cooling systems, aerospace, chemical engineering, biomedical applications, energy systems, microfluidics, automotive thermal management, industrial drying, and nuclear reactor cooling, etc. These applications employ the improved thermal characteristics of hybrid nanofluids and the efficient heat control offered by porous media and convective boundary conditions. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed into a collection of higher-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) together with their corresponding boundary conditions. These equations are subsequently shown both numerically and graphically. The main objective of this inquiry is to examine the relationship between the solid volume fraction of copper and the permeability parameter of the porous medium, specifically focusing on the values of f''(0) and - (0) according to the suction effect. The current research has also integrated the temperature and velocity profile of a hybrid nanofluid flow, which corresponds to the influence of porous medium permeability, heat generation/absorption, and convective boundary condition. Dual solutions are acquired by certain combinations of parameters. Non unique solutions are obtained when the critical point reaches , for suction effects. Increasing the intensity of heat generation absorption and convective boundary condition leads to a more pronounced temperature profile and thicker boundary layer.

Forced Convection Flow of Nanofluid Within a Partially Filled Porous Straight Channel

The present study examines the impact of nanoparticle flow and migration on heat transfer within a linear channel containing a partially porous medium. The comprehensive exploration of forced convective heat transfer of nanofluids in a porous channel is not yet fully addressed in existing literature, presenting a significant open research area requiring further investigation. The porous channel is modeled using the Finite Element Method (FEM) for a steady flow, assuming thermal equilibrium between the solid phases and the nanofluid. A non-uniform distribution of nanoparticles within the channel is assumed, leading to the interdependence between the volume fraction distribution equation and the governing equations. A thorough analysis has been conducted on the impact of various parameters, including the Darcy number and Reynolds number. The findings indicate a direct relationship between the Reynolds number and the Nusselt number, with increases in the Reynolds number resulting in higher Nusselt numbers. Additionally, an increase in the Darcy number leads to an increase in the Nusselt number.

Numerical investigation of trihybrid nanofluid heat transfer in a cavity with a hot baffle

Trihybrid nanofluids, which combine the benefits of three distinct types of nanoparticles, have significant potential to enhance heat transfer in various thermal management applications. Understanding their behaviour in confined geometries with complex boundary conditions, such as a free surface and heated obstacle, is important to optimize their performance. This study investigates the heat transfer characteristics of a Cu-Al2O3-MWCNT-oil trihybrid nanofluid within a square cavity featuring a hot baffle and a free surface. Using numerical simulations and Patankar's blocked-off region method, a parametric study was conducted, varying the Rayleigh number (5000–50,000), nanoparticle volume fraction Φ (0–0.06), obstacle size and aspect ratio (h:w from 0.7 to 9), and Marangoni number (−10,000 to 10,000). The results reveal that negative Marangoni (Ma) numbers enhance convective heat transfer due to the synergistic interaction between the thermocapillary and buoyancy forces. Conversely, positive Marangoni numbers hinder heat transfer owing to competition between these forces. With increasing Rayleigh number (Ra), heat transfer enhancements of up to 45 %, 18 % with nanoparticle addition, and 22 % with varying obstacle sizes were observed. Therefore, these parameters can be varied to optimize the thermal design.

Analyzing the effects of variable fluid properties on radiative dissipative hybrid nanofluid over moving wedge with MHD and Joule heating

Understanding and optimizing heat transfer processes in complex fluid systems is the driving force behind studying the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] nanofluid across a radiative moving wedge, taking into account the impacts of viscous dissipation and Joule heating. Nanofluids, such as [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text], increase heat transmission and thermal efficiency. However, the complicated challenges caused by fluid characteristics and radiative heating need a thorough investigation. This study examines MHD hybrid nanofluid heat transfer via a permeable wedge using joule heating, mass suction, viscous dissipation, variable viscosity, thermal radiation, variable thermal conductivity, and variable Prandtl number. We use similarity transformation to solve the ordinary differential equations that follow from the governing partial differential equations. We then check the results for correctness and dependability. To ensure the reliability and validity of the outcomes, source parameters are crucial to the validation process. The consequence of changing these parameters on the heat transmission properties of the MHD hybrid nanofluid is studied for both the scenario without and with thermal radiation by methodically analyzing the percentage increase or reduction. The validation process also includes a comparison of the computed values, such as the heat transfer rate and skin friction factor, with established theoretical predictions. This examination guarantees that the numerical solution, executed using the bvp4c technique in MATLAB, corresponds to the anticipated physical behavior of the system being studied. In addition, the findings exist using both graphical and tabular forms, which allows for a clear and succinct illustration of how different physical limitations affect flow characteristics.

Three-stage Lobatto analysis on hydrodynamic Eyring-powell flow of nanofluid: Impact of viscous dissipation, thermal radiation, and wall slip dynamics

Thermal radiation and viscous dissipation play crucial roles in the phenomenon of boundary layer flow, especially in engineering and industrial applications involving high temperatures, such as in combustion engines, gas turbines, and furnaces, thermal radiation becomes a significant mode of heat transfer whereas viscous dissipation signifies the conversion of kinetic energy into thermal energy due to the frictional forces in the fluid. The key findings of the current investigations is to explore 3D magneto-hydrodynamics radioactive Eyring-Powell nanofluid flowing towards a stretchable porous surface using a three-stage Lobatto numerical. The influence of velocity and thermal slip under convective boundary constraints are also incorporated in the present investigations. The Eyring-Powell model, known for its relevance in non-Newtonian fluid mechanics, is used to simulate a nanofluid's flow dynamics and heat transfer characteristics. The mathematical Navies-Stokes equations are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by adopting a similarity variable, which are then solved numerically with the aid of the MATLAB bvp4c package. Results highlight the significance of physical parameters involved in the model like magnetic field strength , slip parameter, Eckert number, Lewis number, thermophoresis parameter, Brownian motion parameter and their impact on velocity temperature, and concentration profiles are displayed in the form of graphically. The data reveals an 11.2% increase in the heat transfer rate and a 6.65% increment in mass transfer when the radiation parameter is raised from 0.1 to 0.4. Results also elucidate that fluid temperature at the boundary rises as the Biot number increases because the rate of heat transfer between a solid surface and the surrounding fluid becomes more efficient. To check the validity and reliability of the present study, our calculated results are compared with the previous one, which shows stable agreement.

Experimental investigation of heat transfer, thermal efficiency, pressure drop, and flow characteristics of Fe3O4-MgO magnetic hybrid nanofluid in transitional flow regimes

This study investigates the heat transfer characteristics of Fe3O4-MgO/DIW Magnetic Hybrid Nanofluids (MHNFs) compared to deionized water (DIW) across turbulent, laminar and transition flow regimes. Results reveal that the transition of MHNFs begins at significantly higher Reynolds numbers than DIW, contradicting previous findings. This disparity may be due to the specific characteristics of MHNFs, such as altered thermal conductivity and viscosity. Heat transfer results demonstrate enhancement within the fully developed transition regime, with improvements observed for MHNF concentrations from 0.3 to 0.00625 vol%. Volume fraction significantly impacts nanofluids' convective heat transfer characteristics, with higher volume fractions corresponding to higher critical Reynolds numbers. Even at 0.00625 % vol, the transition begins at a lower Reynolds number than DIW. The maximum enhancements in heat transfer were 26 % for 0.3 vol%, 25.8 % for 0.2 vol%, 25.7 % for 0.1 vol%, 17.9 % for 0.05 vol%, 25.6 % for 0.025 vol%, 31.6 % for 0.0125 vol%, and 30.2 % for 0.00625 vol% MHNFs. The optimum enhancement was observed with MHNF concentrations of 0.0125 vol% and 0.00625 vol%. Higher volume fractions led to increased pressure drops, indicating a complex interplay between fluid dynamics and nanofluid properties. The study highlights notable enhancements in thermal efficiency across transition and laminar flow regimes.

Experimental and machine learning insights on heat transfer and friction factor analysis of novel hybrid nanofluids subjected to constant heat flux at various mixture ratios

This study explores the combined effects of aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃)/graphene oxide (GO) hybrid nanofluids in 50:50 and 80:20 ratios, offering a notable improvement over conventional Al₂O₃ or GO nanofluids. It delivers a thorough comparison of thermophysical properties such as thermal conductivity and viscosity and heat transfer performance across water, Al₂O₃ nanofluids, and the Al₂O₃/GO hybrids. Nanofluids at 0.1–0.5 % volume concentrations were tested in a horizontal circular pipe under constant heat flux and turbulent flow with an inlet temperature of 60 °C. The maximum Nu enhancements of 64, 56 and 41 % were noted for Al₂O₃/GO (50:50), Al₂O₃/GO (80:20), and Al₂O₃ nanofluids, respectively at 0.5 vol%, compared to water. The maximum pressure drop of Al2O3/GO (50:50) nanofluid is 5.64 and 8.3 % greater than that of Al2O3/GO (80:20) and Al2O3 nanofluid, respectively at 0.5 vol%. The peak thermal performance index of 1.56, 1.48, and 1.33 is observed for Al₂O₃/GO (50:50), Al₂O₃/GO (80:20), and Al₂O₃ nanofluids. The integration of a multi-layer perceptron artificial neural network further enhances accuracy in predicting thermal performance, surpassing the precision of conventional empirical models. The adopted model showed excellent predictive accuracy, with correlation coefficients of 0.98493 in training, 0.9837 in validation, and 0.98698 in testing.

Bio convection heat transfer in Sisko nanofluid past a stretching cylinder with Soret and Dufour effects

The present flow model provides useful information for the production of nano-biomaterials, medical treatment, materials science current research model has been utilized. The unique thermal mechanisms of nanoparticles have garnered significant attention from researchers in recent years. These versatile materials have numerous applications in various fields, including cooling and heating control processes, solar systems, energy production, nanoelectronics, hybrid-powered motors, cancer treatments, and renewable energy systems. Furthermore, the bioconvection of nanofluids has exciting implications for bioengineering and biotechnology, with potential uses in biofuels, biosensors, and enzymes. The aim of this study is to investigate the flow behaviour of bioconvection Sisko nanofluid flow through a stretching cylindrical surface. Further, the analysis has been modified by including the effects of Soret and Dufour. The highly nonlinear and coupled differential equations were numerically solved using a BVP4c solver to simulate the problem. The effects of different flow parameters on velocity, temperature, and concentration distributions are examined and illustrated through graphical results. It is clearly observed from the results that Soret impacts increases the concentration distribution. Moreover, Dufour impacts increment increases the temperature of the flow.

Computational role of homogeneous–heterogeneous chemical reactions and a mixed convective ternary hybrid nanofluid in a vertical porous microchannel

Abstract This article mainly scrutinizes the heat transfer and flow characteristics of a mixed convection ternary hybrid nanofluid in a porous microchannel considering the catalytic chemical reaction and nonuniform heat absorption/generation. Using appropriate similarity transformations, the modeled equations are converted into reduced ones and then solved via the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg 4th/5th order method. To strengthen this analysis, the convection mechanism has been deployed. The effect of pertinent physical parameters on the fluid motion and thermal field is displayed, including some important engineering variables like the Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and drag force. The novel outcomes display that the flow reduces with porous permeability and nanoparticle volume fraction. The temperature of the nanofluid improves with nonuniform heat absorption/generation. The concentration decreases in the presence of both homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction intensities. The heat transfer rate enhances for the Eckert number, and a similar influence on the mass transfer rate is noticed for homogeneous reaction parameters. Further, the drag force declines for the Grashof number. The outcomes show that, in all cases, the ternary hybrid nanofluid shows a greater impact than the nanofluid. The attained findings represent applications in the era of cooling and heating systems, thermal engineering, and energy production.

Impact of microorganisms on Blasius–Rayleigh–Stokes flow and heat transfer of nanofluid: A numerical study

AbstractIn this article, we present a numerical study of unsteady flow and heat transfer in a viscous‐based nanofluid, examining the impact of microorganisms on a moving surface emerging from a moving slot. This gives rise to a new type of boundary layer flow, which can resemble that over a stretching or shrinking surface depending on the motion of the slot. To solve the partial differential equations governing the bio‐convectional flow, we employ the Blasius–Rayleigh–Stokes variable and transform the equations into a corrected similar form. Our numerical solutions reveal the presence of dual solutions within a specific range of the moving slot parameter. Our findings have important implications for understanding the behavior of nanofluids and microorganisms in dynamic flow environments.

Heat transfer and entropy generation analysis of ternary nanofluid

Abstract In light of the rising demand for improved heat transfer in thermal systems, this work offers a unique technique for boosting heat transfer capacity and reducing entropy generation using a ternary nanofluid. Moreover, constant pressure gradient, magnetic field, Joule heating, and thermal radiation also contribute to the flow dynamics. The 2D mathematical model is solved numerically using a finite difference method and the simulations are done in MATLAB. The obtained results show that ternary nanoparticles not only increase the thermal rates but are also helpful in maintaining the irreversibility of a system. It is also observed that the heat transfer of the base fluid increased by 7.5%, 8.3%, and 8.5% on adding TiO2, CuO-TiO2, and MgO-CuO-TiO2 nanoparticles, respectively.

WITHDRAWN: The enhanced heat transfer and flow dynamics of tangent hyperbolic and Newtonian nanofluids under inclined variable magnetic field

This paper aims to analyze the thermal conductivity of tangent hyperbolic non-Newtonian fluids and Newtonian nanofluids over a porous, inclined, stretching sheet with motile microorganisms. It also examines the impact of inclined variable magnetic field, activation energy, thermal radiation, thermophoresis and Brownian motion. The novelty of this research lies in the simultaneous use of inclined geometry and an inclined variable magnetic field. The findings optimize environmental and food processing applications, drug delivery, thermal management, lubrication, and enhanced oil recovery. A far-reaching analysis compares the behaviors of tangent hyperbolic fluid with Newtonian fluid. Appropriate similarity functions are used to convert the governing system of nonlinear PDEs for tangent hyperbolic fluid to dimensionless ODE. MATLAB’s boundary value solver BVP4C is then used to solve these ODEs numerically. This study explores various characteristics, including temperature, velocity, concentration, and microorganism distribution. In the essence of this computational study, the impacts of inclined angle, porosity, mixed convection, Hartmann number and Weissenberg number on the velocity of the fluid are analyzed. The main findings are that higher Prandtl numbers reduce heat transfer rates, while thermophoresis and Brownian motion enhance heat flow. Lewis and Peclet numbers show declining tendencies in motile microorganisms, with magnetic fields influencing their distribution within the fluid; this is useful in biotechnology and environmental applications. Consequently, the effect is greater in the case of non-Newtonian fluids which depend more on the inclination angle, inclined variable magnetic field strength, thermal conductivity and activation energy when compared with the Newtonian fluids.

An analytical investigation of heat and mass transfer in MHD fractional hybrid nanofluid in the presence of Newtonian heating

This manuscript deals with heat and mass flow in Engine Oil (EO) based copper and alumina (Cu−Al2O3) hybrid nanofluid. Flow of the fluid is initiated with the sudden oscillations of the vertical plate. Magnetic effects on free convectional flow of hybrid nanofluid are considered. Newtonian heating effects on the surface are also taken into account. Although viscous dissipation is neglected but Soret effects are investigated. These effects accelerates the heat transfer rate due to movement of fluid molecules from hot to cold surfaces. For memory effects, fractional thermal heat flux along with Caputo–Fabrizio time fractional derivative has been used to generate a generalized flow model. Laplace transform technique has been used to operate the non dimensional coupled system. Role of associated physical parameters is observed with graphical observations of the obtained solutions. It is also detected that generalized boundary conditions provide effective and innovative solutions for the oscillating flow of hybrid nanofluid which analyzed the flow characteristics in a more significant way.

Response surface optimisation on Non-Uniform shapes ternary hybrid nanofluid flow in stenosis artery with motile gyrotactic microorganisms

This work used ternary hybrid nanofluids containing motile gyrotactic microorganisms and irregularly shaped platelet, cylindrical, and spherical nanoparticles to evaluate heat transport in a stenosis artery with volume fractions of Cobalt φ1=0.01, Silver φ2=0.01, and Gold φ3=0.01. The proper self-similarity variables are used to convert the fluid transport equations into ordinary differential equations., which the BVP4C then solves in MATLAB. We analyse the effects of various parameters, including curvature, magnetic intensity, thermal radiation, and non-Newtonian behaviour, regarding Nusselt numbers, temperature profiles, skin friction, and velocity distribution. The study reveals that higher curvature enhances convective heat transfer despite initial resistance due to flow constriction, while magnetic fields stabilise flow patterns and improve heat transfer via nanoparticle alignment. Thermal radiation amplifies heat transfer by reducing boundary layer thickness and enhancing energy absorption. The non-linear relationship between magnetic intensity, thermal radiation, and the Eckert number that our results reveal emphasizes the need for more vital magnetic fields to sustain stability and effective heat transfer as thermal radiation rises. This work offers valuable information for improving nanofluid, automotive, and biomedical engineering heat transfer mechanisms. It can improve heat therapy, targeted medication administration, and diagnostic imaging in biomedicine. It provides advancements in gasoline additives, lubricants, and engine cooling systems for the automotive industry. It can improve solar energy systems, microfluidics, and heat transfer systems in nanofluid engineering.

Heat Transfer Analysis and Friction Factor of Ternary Nanofluids with Twisted Tape Inserts

This study investigates the heat transfer efficiency and friction factor of ternary nanofluids (Al₂O₃-TiO₂-SiO₂) in a simple tube equipped with a twisted tape. Ternary nanofluids, prepared using a volume-based composition ratio of 20:16:64, were tested at various volume concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 3.0%. Forced convection heat transfer experiments were conducted under varying Reynolds numbers (2,300 to 12,000) and a bulk temperature of 70 °C. The results indicate that the maximum viscosity occurs at a volume concentration of 3.0%. The highest increase in heat transfer for ternary nanofluids in a simple tube with twisted tape (H/D = 2.0) was achieved at a volume concentration of 3.0%, reaching 225.35%. Compared to a plain tube, the average thermal performance factor (TPF) of the twisted tape was significantly improved, with a further increase observed when the volume concentration rose from 2.73% to 3.22%.

Exploring nanoparticle dynamics in binary chemical reactions within magnetized porous media: a computational analysis

Artificial Neural Networks are incredibly efficient at handling complicated and nonlinear mathematical problems, making them very useful for tackling these challenges. Artificial neural networks offer a special computational architecture that is extremely valuable in disciplines like biotechnology, biological computing, and computational fluid dynamics. The present work investigates the applicability of back-propagation artificial neural networks in conjunction with the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm for evaluating heat transmission in hybrid nanofluids. This work focuses on the computational analysis of a MgO + GO/EG hybrid nanofluid’s steady mixed convection flow over an exponentially stretched sheet, considering multiple slip boundary conditions, thermal conductivity, heat generation, and thermal radiation. A nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations is produced from the basic associated partial differential system by performing the proper exponential similarities modifications. For generating benchmark datasets, the resulting ordinary differential equations are processed employing the bvp4c method. Considering benchmark datasets set aside for training (70%), testing (15%), and validation (15%), the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, which employs back-propagation in artificial neural networks, is implemented. The accuracy of the suggested strategy for handling nonlinear problems is verified utilizing mean squared error, error histograms, and regression analysis, which are all used to evaluate the methodology. Outstanding agreement is seen when ANN outputs are compared to numerical results. The flow properties, including temperature, velocity, and concentration profiles, are shown graphically and numerically. For practical purposes, it is therefore essential to analyze the flow and heat transfer in hybrid nanofluids over exponentially extending and shrinking surfaces under mixed convection and heat source scenarios. Hybrid nanofluid problems have a wide range of practical and industrial applications, such as medication delivery, manufacturing, microelectronics, nuclear plant cooling, and marine engineering.

Irreversibility analysis of radiative TiO2+Al2O3+Cu/H2O ternary nanofluid flow over a bidirectional stretching sheet with cattaneo-christov heat flux: nanotechnology applications

Ternary nanofluids demonstrate better heat transfer characteristics in contrast to conventional liquids and typical hybrid nanofluids. These are applied in sophisticated cooling systems for electronics, heat exchangers, and automotive engines, along with renewable energy systems such as solar collectors, where efficient heat transfer plays a crucial role. The aim of this research is to investigate the movement of a Casson ternary nanofluid passing through a bidirectional exponential sheet by employing the innovative Cattaneo-Christov heat flux concept. The utilization of the energy equation considers thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, and heat source/sink effects, with the integration of chemical reaction effects into the concentration equation. An analysis of entropy generation is utilized to evaluate the thermodynamic irreversibility within the system. The conversion of transport equations involves a transformation from partial to ordinary differential equations, followed by a numerical solution utilizing the BVP4C solver embedded in the MATLAB package R2022b. The impacts of developed factors on thermal, concentration, and velocity behavior, as well as engineering quantities, are thoroughly explored graphically. The outcome reveals that the velocity gradients diminish as magnetic fields intensify, while it amplified by the Hall factor. The rise in temperature of ternary nanofluid correlates with elevated levels of radiation, and Brownian motion. Concentration intensifies with the rapid development of thermophoresis influences. Heightened values of the Reynolds and Brinkman numbers give rise to amplified entropy production but a decrease in the Bejan number. The ternary nanofluid displays a remarkable 8.92% increase in skin friction on the x-axis and y-axis, influenced by the potent Darcy-Forchheimer factor. The rates of mass and heat transfer in nanofluids undergo a decrease of 8.58% and 12.52%, respectively, due to the heightened influence of Brownian motion and Eckert number. The results could provide valuable insights into the performance of ternary nanofluids in various industrial environments under specific conditions.

A Comprehensive Analysis of the Synthesis, Properties and Uses of Nanofluid

Nanofluid, which is a suspension of nanoparticles, has the potential to be a heat transfer fluid with a wide range of applications due to its superior thermal conductivity and rheological properties. This article summarises both previous and current research on nanofluid heat transfer improvement. A survey was done on the most recent advancements in readiness and stability improvement. The discussion included thermophysical properties, heat transfer properties of nanofluids and the impact of surfactant, temperature, particle size, shape and other variables on thermal conductivity. The current study proposes potential possibilities through the utilisation of nanofluids. A few challenges and roadblocks were also discussed. The challenges and opportunities for further research were finally covered.

Enhancing heat and mass transfer in MHD tetra hybrid nanofluid on solar collector plate through fractal operator analysis

Improved solar heat transfer methods are needed for the widespread use of solar energy. Due of their exceptional thermal characteristics, nanofluids have received a great deal of interest in this field. This research examines the use of tetra hybrid nanofluids in solar applications, with an emphasis on heat and mass transport properties. Due to their advantageous thermal characteristics, these nanofluids are well-suited for solar power production and other thermal applications. Accurate results for velocity, concentration, and temperature profiles are produced thanks to the model's use of fractal fractional derivatives and the Crank-Nicholson method for obtaining numerical solutions. In order to learn how different variables affect heat transport, parametric experiments are performed. The results show that tetra hybrid nanofluids greatly improve heat transfer performance over standard nanofluids. This improvement helps flat-plate solar collectors absorb more sunlight and increase their overall efficiency. The rate of mass transfer between phases may be quantified in the design and research of chemical reactors using the Sherwood number, an important quantity in chemical engineering. Its value is shown in a number of processes, including extraction, distillation, and catalytic reactions.