ABSTRACT Gob is one of the most serious areas of coal spontaneous combustion. With the continuous increase of mining depth, the residual coal in gob bears increased axial stress, the rise of ground temperature, and the degree of fragmentation of mining coal and rock continues to increase, the external water in the mining process changes the water content of broken residual coal, under the influence of multiple factors, the prevention and control situation of coal spontaneous combustion in gob is becoming more serious. Based on the actual accumulation environment of residual coal in gob, this paper carried out the oxidation and temperature rise experiment of broken coal under the condition of water bearing and pressure. The variation laws of oxidation characteristic parameters such as outlet oxygen concentration, oxidation derived gas, oxygen consumption rate and heat release intensity were obtained. It is found that with the increase of water content of coal sample, the water content first promotes and then inhibits the oxidation process of coal. It is found that after water molecules form a relatively stable hydrogen bond with oxygen-containing functional groups, the total energy of the two-phase materials decreases, and the reason for the decrease of wetting heat release is analyzed. The influence mechanism of axial stress loading on coal spontaneous combustion oxidation process is studied. It is found that the increase of axial stress first promotes and then inhibits the process of coal spontaneous combustion.