Heat Liberation Research Articles

Rheological Study on Strength Characteristics of Concrete Partially Replaced with Calcined Kaolin in Concrete Production

Cement is the most widely used binding material in all construction works. Due to its high cost and heat liberation property, attempts have been made to replace cement in concrete using natural resources. The study involves partial replacement of cement in concrete by incorporating calcined kaolin. The chemical composition of calcined kaolin (ck), workability, compressive strength, water absorptivity and flexural strength of concrete produced by replacing 5 to 20% of weight of ordinary Portland cement with ck. The concrete cubes were tested at ages of 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The results showed that ck is a good pozzolan with combined SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 of 84.9%. The slump and compacting factor decreased as the ck content increased indicating that concrete becomes less workable as ck content increased. The compressive strength of concrete increased with increasing ck replacement. The compressive of concrete with ck improves significantly up to 28 days. The water absorption rate increases with increase in ck contents. The strength of beam increased with increase in the content of ck. It was concluded that 5 and 10% of ck substitution is adequate to satisfied British standard recommended strength.

Performance evaluation of enhanced clustered latent heat system for air heater using modified organic material

The present work evaluates a new model of clustered latent heat storage unit (LHSU) which specifically designed for air heater. The system involves multi-tank which is arranged in staggered configuration. The clustered system uses direct charge for heating the storage material and employs forced air convection for heat liberation. The maximum temperature increment for the heated air is more than 50 %, showing an effective function of the proposed model. This work also analyzes the role of storage material within the system. The stabilized storage material demonstrates a better performance in term of minimum heat loss on the charge stage. Also, it allows for an excellent charge behavior with average of 3.44 °C/min. The LHSU can be combined with an additional fin for accelerating the operation, making the system can be applied flexibly based on the requirement of the energy system. The operation curve is displayed as battery percentage to understand the characteristics of the system during energy interaction. In general, the addition of fin and modified storage material leads to significant improvement, offering the applicability of the proposed model in various technologies for air heater systems.

Hydrodynamics in a randomly packed bed of cylindrical particles: A comparison between PR-CFD simulations and MRI experiments

Slender catalytic packed bed reactors are widely used in the chemical industry for chemical processes accompanied with significant heat liberation necessitating efficient heat removal. The employed catalyst particles are often cylindrical shaped, because these are easily manufactured via extrusion. The packing of these cylindrical particles results in a random structure of the bed causing flow maldistribution which reduces the reactor efficiency. The goal of this work is to capture the flow maldistribution with particle-resolved Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations and Magnetic Resonance Imaging experiments. By utilising the packing configuration reconstructed from the experiments, we are able to study the average fluid flow profiles and flow distribution in the bed as well as the local velocity profiles. It can be concluded that there is an overall good correspondence between the experiments and simulations. The minor deviations in the experimental and computed velocity distributions can be attributed to experimental error and slight differences in the experimental and reconstructed packing.

Unstable Metal Hydrides for Possible On-Board Hydrogen Storage

Hydrogen storage in general is an indispensable prerequisite for the introduction of a hydrogen energy-based infrastructure. In this respect, high-pressure metal hydride (MH) tank systems appear to be one of the most promising hydrogen storage techniques for automotive applications using proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. These systems bear the potential of achieving a beneficial compromise concerning the comparably large volumetric storage density, wide working temperature range, comparably low liberation of heat, and increased safety. The debatable term “unstable metal hydride” is used in the literature in reference to metal hydrides with high dissociation pressure at a comparably low temperature. Such compounds may help to improve the merits of high-pressure MH tank systems. Consequently, in the last few years, some materials for possible on-board applications in such tank systems have been developed. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art developments of these metal hydrides, mainly including intermetallic compounds and complex hydrides, and offers some guidelines for future developments. Since typical laboratory hydrogen uptake measurements are limited to 200 bar, a possible threshold for defining unstable hydrides could be a value of their equilibrium pressure of peq > 200 bar for T < 100 °C. However, these values would mark a technological future target and most current materials, and those reported in this review, do not fulfill these requirements and need to be seen as current stages of development toward the intended target. For each of the aforementioned categories in this review, special care is taken to not only cover the pioneering and classic research but also to portray the current status and latest advances. For intermetallic compounds, key aspects focus on the influence of partial substitution on the absorption/desorption plateau pressure, hydrogen storage capacity and hysteresis properties. For complex hydrides, the preparation procedures, thermodynamics and theoretical calculation are presented. In addition, challenges, perspectives, and development tendencies in this field are also discussed.

Understanding the role of calcium silicate slag in sodium carbonate-activated green materials: Influence on kinetics, strength, and efflorescence

This study assessed the impact of calcium silicate slag (CSS), an industrial by-product of aluminum extraction from fly ash, on the reaction kinetics, compressive strength, and efflorescence of one-part sodium carbonate-activated slag (SCS). Various proportions of CSS (0%, 10%, and 20%) were used to substitute for slag. The resulting performances were evaluated through chemical shrinkage, heat liberation, compressive strength, water absorption, phase composition (XRD and TG.), microstructures (BET and BSE-EDS), and simulated efflorescence test (partially and fully immersed in deionized water). The results indicate that the CSS possesses a porous structure. The addition of CSS impairs flowability but accelerates the development of chemical shrinkage and heat liberation. The incorporation of CSS promotes the transformation of gaylussite, leading to an increase in CASH and hydrotalcite formation. Consequently, a higher compressive strength and a lower water adsorption rate are achieved. 10% CSS addition improves the splitting tensile strength of SCS under conditions of partial immersion in the efflorescence test. However, a 20% CSS substitution exacerbates the formation of efflorescence products and reduces the splitting tensile strength. These observations are associated with residual alkalis in CSS, a lower Al/Si ratio of products, and an increase in capillary pores attributed to CSS particles. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of using alkaline solid waste for slag substitution and performance regulation in SCS and reveals the underlying mechanism. The prepared CSS-SCS binder exhibits much lower energy consumption and CO2 emission than traditional cement-based material, as determined by life cycle assessment.

Resolving an inconsistency in the estimation of the energy for excitation of cardiac muscle contraction.

In the excitation of muscle contraction, calcium ions interact with transmembrane transporters. This process is accompanied by energy consumption and heat liberation. To quantify this activation energy or heat in the heart or cardiac muscle, two non-pharmacological approaches can be used. In one approach using the "pressure-volume area" concept, the same estimate of activation energy is obtained regardless of the mode of contraction (either isovolumic/isometric or ejecting/shortening). In the other approach, an accurate estimate of activation energy is obtained only when the muscle contracts isometrically. If the contraction involves muscle shortening, then an additional component of heat associated with shortening is liberated, over and above that of activation. The present study thus examines the reconcilability of the two approaches by performing experiments on isolated muscles measuring contractile force and heat output. A framework was devised from the experimental data to allow us to replicate several mechanoenergetics results gleaned from the literature. From these replications, we conclude that the choice of initial muscle length (or ventricular volume) underlies the divergence of the two approaches in the estimation of activation energy when the mode of contraction involves shortening (ejection). At low initial muscle lengths, the heat of shortening is relatively small, which can lead to the misconception that activation energy is contraction mode independent. In fact, because cardiac muscle liberates heat of shortening when allowed to shorten, estimation of activation heat must be performed only under isometric (isovolumic) contractions. We thus recommend caution when estimating activation energy using the "pressure-volume area" concept.

Impact of Bark-Sourced Building Blocks as Substitutes for Fossil-Derived Polyols on the Structural, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane Networks.

The hydrophilic extractives isolated from black alder (Alnus glutinosa) bark through hot water extraction were characterized as novel renewable macromonomers capable of forming polyurethane (PU) networks based on a commercial polyisocyanate, with partial or complete replacement of petroleum-derived polyol polyether. The bark-sourced bio-polyol mainly consists of the xyloside form of the diarylheptanoid oregonin, along with oligomeric flavonoids and carbohydrates, resulting in a total OH group content of 15.1 mmol·g-1 and a molecular weight (Mn) of approximately 750 g∙mol-1. The 31P NMR data confirmed a similar proportion of aliphatic OH and phenolic groups. Three-component PU compositions were prepared using polyethylene glycol (Mn = 400 g∙mol-1), bio-polyol (up to 50%), and polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate, which were pre-polymerized in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution with tin organic and tertiary amine catalysts. The resulting mixture was cast and subjected to thermal post-curing. Calculation and experimental data confirmed the crosslinking activity of the bark-sourced bio-polyol in PU, leading to an increase in glass transition temperature (Tg), a decrease in sol fraction yield upon leaching of cured PU networks in THF, a significant increase in Young's modulus and tensile strength. The macromonomers derived from bark promoted char formation under high temperature and oxidative stress conditions, limiting heat release during macromolecular network degradation compared to bio-polyol-free PU. It was observed that amine catalysts, which are active in urethane formation with phenolic groups, promoted the formation of PU with higher Tg and modulus at tensile but with less limitation of heat liberation during PU macromolecular structure degradation. The high functionality of the bark-derived bio-polyol, along with the equal proportion of phenolic and aliphatic OH groups, allows for further optimization of PU characteristics using three variables: increasing the substitution extent of commercial polyethers, decreasing the NCO/OH ratio, and selecting the type of catalyst used.

Self-oscillatory instability of the driven phase front propagation induced by liberation of latent heat.

We theoretically address crystals exhibiting first-order phase transformations subjected to a steadily propagating temperature gradient. The latter drives a nonisothermal propagation of a phase front. We theoretically demonstrate that for the phase transformations of the displacive type, the phase front always steadily follows the isotherm. In contrast, in the case of the order-disorder or hybrid phase transformations in a crystal containing pinning defects, one finds a velocity of the isotherm, the first critical velocity, at which the steady front motion becomes unstable, and a stick-slip front propagation starts. Upon reaching the second critical velocity, the stick-slip behavior vanishes, and the motion becomes steady again. Our results enable one to determine the activation energy of the leading order-disorder process from the measurements of the driven motion of the phase front. In light of these results, we discuss experimental findings for PbTiO_{3} and NaNbO_{3}.

An Investigation of Inverted Core@Shell Nanostructure for Efficacious Magnetic Hyperthermia Applications

Magnetic hyperthermia, a notable technique for tumor ministration, has opened up a novel account for biomedical research. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) which are sensitive to heat liberation on exposition to the small magnetic fields are an essential obligation for this application. Exchange interactivity through a bimagnetic core@shell (CS) nanostructure is one novel approach to potentially meet the desirable atmosphere for productive hyperthermia treatment. This work reports on the microstructural and magnetic property of an unusual CS arrangement with antiferromagnetic NiO (N) as the core material mounted over by a ferrimagnetic shell Fe3O4 (F) desiring to constructively tune the heating efficiency of the Fe3O4 MNPs. The magnetic investigation displays an enormous exchange interaction at the CS interface resulting in huge relocation of the hysteresis loop authenticating the exchange bias effect (EBE). The specific absorption rate (SAR) or the heat dissipation of the MNPs for bare Fe3O4 and CS NiO@Fe3O4 (N@F) are compared. The outcome genuinely results in a huge contrast, where the SAR for CS N@F is greatly intensified by over 44% compared to the bare F sample. These findings, therefore, lay out a distinctive way to ameliorate the theranostic approach by making use of the MNPs.

Detailed Experimental and In Silico Investigation of Indomethacin Binding with Human Serum Albumin Considering Primary and Secondary Binding Sites

The interaction of indomethacin with human serum albumin (HSA) has been studied here considering the primary and secondary binding sites. The Stern-Volmer plots were linear in the lower concentration range of indomethacin while a downward curvature was observed in the higher concentration range, suggesting the presence of more than one binding site for indomethacin inside HSA due to which the microenvironment of the fluorophore changed slightly and some of its fraction was not accessible to the quencher. The Stern-Volmer quenching constants (KSV) for the primary and secondary sites were calculated from the two linear portions of the Stern-Volmer plots. There was around a two-fold decrease in the quenching constants for the low-affinity site as compared to the primary binding site. The interaction takes place via a static quenching mechanism and the KSV decreases at both primary and secondary sites upon increasing the temperature. The binding constants were also evaluated, which show strong binding at the primary site and fair binding at the secondary site. The binding was thermodynamically favorable with the liberation of heat and the ordering of the system. In principle, hydrogen bonding and Van der Waals forces were involved in the binding at the primary site while the low-affinity site interacted through hydrophobic forces only. The competitive binding was also evaluated using warfarin, ibuprofen, hemin, and a warfarin + hemin combination as site markers. The binding profile remained unchanged in the presence of ibuprofen, whereas it decreased in the presence of both warfarin and hemin with a straight line in the Stern-Volmer plots. The reduction in the binding was at a maximum when both warfarin and hemin were present simultaneously with the downward curvature in the Stern-Volmer plots at higher concentrations of indomethacin. The secondary structure of HSA also changes slightly in the presence of higher concentrations of indomethacin. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed at the primary and secondary binding sites of HSA which are drug site 1 (located in the subdomain IIA of the protein) and the hemin binding site (located in subdomain IB), respectively. From the results obtained from molecular docking and MD simulation, the indomethacin molecule showed more binding affinity towards drug site 1 followed by the other two sites.

Absorption capacity and porosity percentage of geopolymer concrete with varying percentage of source material and alkalinity ratio

The main objective of this study is to determine the absorption capacity and porosity characteristics of geopolymer concrete with the variation in percentage of source material such as fly ash of 350 kg/m3, 450 kg/m3 and 550 kg/m3 respectively. Twelve mixes with different alkaline liquid (NaOH/Na2SiO3) ratio from 2 to 3.5 with increment of 0.5 was considered for evaluation. The quantity and effect of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate in these twelve mixes were considered for evaluating the characteristics of concrete. M - Sand was used as fine aggregate and recycled coarse aggregates were taken for this study. Cube specimens of 150 mm × 150 mm × 150 mm were cast and cured at 60°C temperature with oven curing for 24 hours. It was found that absorption percentage of concrete increases by increase in porosity. And compressive strength of concrete gets increases by increase in percentage of porosity up to alkaline ratio 2.5 beyond that more increase in porosity reduces the strength of concrete. It was found that absorption and porosity percentage of mixes increase with increase in source material. Thus compared to 350 kg/m3 of flyash, 550 kg/m3 of flyash shows enhanced compressive strength results. More compressive strength was achieved with mixes of alkaline liquid ratio (NaOH/Na2SiO3) and source material 550 kg/m3. Since more amount of NaOH and water were added to these mixes compared to other mixes and more amount of alumina and silica present in source material helps to enhance the polymerization process. Increase in more percentage of alkaline liquid (NaOH/Na2SiO3) ratios reduces the strength of concrete due to more liberation of heat.

A precise internal-stress calculation algorithm for the evolution of cracking risk of the steam-curing box girder

• The refined numerical model considers the temporal-spatial evolutionary difference. • The algorithm is established to reveal the thermal behavior of box girder. • The thermal stress evolution processes are monitored by the field test. • The results of numerical simulation and field tests are compared. • Parametric analysis is performed to investigate the influence of key factors. Thermal cracking caused by the combination of heat liberation and thermal boundaries becomes a more and more serious problem during the entire steam-curing process. To understand the rules of cracking risk and find the key factors determining the distribution of thermal stress, the numerical simulation algorithm is established and the verification field tests are deployed. Firstly, based on the equivalent maturity concept, a refined mathematic model of the thermo–mechanical coupling field is established, which fully considers the temporal-spatial evolutionary difference of material properties and hydration heat release. Secondly, the numerical algorithm is further set up for the evolution law of the thermal stress and cracking risk based on the finite element method. Thirdly, triaxial temperature strains of key points are monitored using Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors in the field. Effectiveness and accuracy of the model are verified by the agreement between numerical simulation and experimental results. Finally, based on the verified numerical model, parametric analysis is performed to investigate the influence of various key factors affecting the distribution law of the thermal stress field and the evolution law of the cracking risk. The results show that the curing temperature ( T h ) and parameters of the hydration exothermic model ( θ u and m ) are crucial to influencing the thermal behavior of the steam-curing box girder. The research provides a refined numerical algorithm of the thermo-mechanical coupling field and contributes to the high quality of huge box-girder during the entire steam-curing process.

Additive Manufacturing of Metal Products via Filler Wire Arc Welding (Review)

The paper presents a state-of-the-art review of additive manufacturing and summarizes its development trends. It considers mainstreams of this technology and outlines its methods. The study highlights importance and prospects of the process based on electrode wire arc welding (GMAW and GTAW). It proposes a layered electric arc deposition by a consumable electrode in shielding gases. A peculiarity of this procedure is that a wire is preheated to a temperature of 400-600°С before fed into a zone where metal products are formed. Wire preheating is realized by an additional power supply placed at a distance of 250-400 mm from a wire end to conduct a preheating current. It is suggested this process is suitable for manufacturing metal products in principle. The study has revealed a gradient structure of product walls manufactured using this technology. It is an upper deposited layer only that has a dendrite structure. Layers below it are subject to repeated thermal treatment caused by heat liberation from the upper layer. As a result, a grain tends to the refinement up to 10 μm depth wise. The most important outcome to emerge from the study is that a 4 mm thick frame structure free of defects may be built given that deposition is carried out by a material with a diameter of 1.2 mm in the conditions: current force 120-140А, voltage 22-24 V, deposition rate 300 mm/min.

Composite hydraulic binders based on fluorgypsum: Reactions, properties and sustainability

An investigation was carried out on the effect of the type of mineral additions of pulverized fuel ash and blast-furnace slag, water/binder ratio and temperature on the properties and microstructures of mortars of composite fluorgypsum-Portland cements. The mortars were cured under water at 20 and 40 °C for up to 90 days; all showed hydraulic character after gradually developing and maintaining their properties. The best 90-day compressive strength of 17.7 MPa was for a binder with 5% blast-furnace slag. The microstructures studied by SEM and EDS mappings showed intermixed hydration products of CaSO4·2H2O from the fluorgypsum and C–S–H from the Portland cement and pozzolanic reactions. Isothermal calorimetry indicated that the mineral additions influenced the rates of heat liberation and setting time. Environmental and economic analyses indicated that the embodied CO2eq for the fabrication of the binders was 2.9–4.1 times lower than Portland cement, while the economic costs were reduced in about 46–48%.

Knockdown of sarcolipin (SLN) impairs substrate utilization in human skeletal muscle cells

BackgroundRecent studies have highlighted that uncoupling of sarco-/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) by sarcolipin (SLN) increases ATP consumption and contributes to heat liberation. Exploiting this thermogenic mechanism in skeletal muscle may provide an attractive strategy to counteract obesity and associated metabolic disorders. In the present study, we have investigated the role of SLN on substrate metabolism in human skeletal muscle cells.Methods and resultsAfter generation of skeletal muscle cells with stable SLN knockdown (SLN-KD), cell viability, glucose and oleic acid (OA) metabolism, mitochondrial function, as well as gene expressions were determined. Depletion of SLN did not influence cell viability. However, glucose and OA oxidation were diminished in SLN-KD cells compared to control myotubes. Basal respiration measured by respirometry was also observed to be reduced in cells with SLN-KD. The metabolic perturbation in SLN-KD cells was reflected by reduced gene expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α) and forkhead box O1 (FOXO1). Furthermore, accumulation of OA was increased in cells with SLN-KD compared to control cells. These effects were accompanied by increased lipid formation and incorporation of OA into complex lipids. Additionally, formation of complex lipids and free fatty acid from de novo lipogenesis with acetate as substrate was enhanced in SLN-KD cells. Detection of lipid droplets using Oil red O staining also showed increased lipid accumulation in SLN-KD cells.ConclusionsOverall, our study sheds light on the importance of SLN in maintaining metabolic homeostasis in human skeletal muscle. Findings from the current study suggest that therapeutic strategies involving SLN-mediated futile cycling of SERCA might have significant implications in the treatment of obesity and associated metabolic disorders.Graphical abstract

Performance evaluation model for power fluid cooling system of hydraulic excavators

Operation of hydraulic excavators in open pit mines in tropical countries shows that one of the critical factors of their reliability, endurance and efficiency is the temperature of power fluid. In operation the power fluid temperature is governed by the balance between heat liberation in the hydraulic system and heat transfer to the ambient environment. The process of the power fluid cooling is attended by all components of the hydraulic system but the main part belongs to a cooler. Hydraulic excavators are most often equipped with air-cooling systems represented by worms of oval tubes. Heat rejection in a cooler is a multi-factor process dependent on physical, mechanical and thermodynamic properties of heat sources, ambient temperature of the cooler design variables. The authors’ model of the heat rejection process makes it possible to estimate the heat rejection capacity of the cooler in a wide range of the power fluid temperature with regard to the change in its specific heat and thermal conductivity as functions of the ambient temperature. The calculation of the heat rejection takes into account the design variables of the cooler. Furthermore, thanks to the thermodynamic similarity criteria included, the model possesses flexibility and scalability. The calculations show that for the power fluid temperature in the range of 60–70 °C, the heat rejection efficiency of a standard cooler is 2–2.5 times lower in the hot season than in the season with moderate air temperatures. Later on, the experimental data obtained using infrared thermography can help adjust the computational model and improve the calculation efficiency. The modeling data enable accurate determination of temperature balance in hydraulics of hydraulic excavators.

Hydration reaction and microstructural characteristics of hemihydrate phosphogypsum with variable pH

The hydration of hemihydrate phosphogypsum in the alkaline environment was investigated aiming to recycle phosphogypsum-a promising gypsum resource in gypsum-based materials that generally incorporated alkaline binders. Isothermal conduction calorimetry and transmission electron microscopy showed that the hydration reaction of hemihydrate phosphogypsum was significantly changed by alkali. Both the dissolution of hemihydrate particles and crystallization of gypsum were impeded, as a result of phosphate precipitation from neutralization reaction. Consequently, the setting times decreased with the increase of pH and the time span of heat liberation was extended. The impurities in hemihydrate phosphogypsum, especially phosphate, served as setting retarders and crystal modifiers in alkaline environment, contributing to loose crystal microstructure with lower strength. This important finding called for the extra attention to the utilization of hemihydrate phosphogypsum in an alkaline environment.

Influence of Wood Fly Ash on Concrete Properties through Filling Effect Mechanism.

This paper presents the results of an experimental study aimed at determining the influence of wood fly ash (WFA) from three Croatian power plants on the properties of concrete. First, the chemical and physical properties of WFA’s were determined. It was found that these properties are highly influenced by combustion technology, the type and parts of wood used as fuel, and the local operating conditions. Subsequently, workability, heat of hydration, stiffness development, 28-day compressive strength, apparent porosity, and capillary absorption were determined on concrete mixes prepared with WFA as cement replacement from 5–45% by weight. Cement replacement up to 15% with the finest WFA accelerated hydration, stiffness development, and increased compressive strength of concrete up to 18%, while replacement with coarser WFA’s led to a decrease in compressive strength of up to 5% and had more gradual heat liberation. The dominant effect that could explain these findings is attributed to the filler and filling effect mechanisms. At the same time replacement content of up to 45% had very little effect on capillary absorption and could give concrete with sufficiently high compressive strength to be suitable for construction purposes.

Influence of Palm Oil Fuel Ash on Strength Properties of Concrete

Cement which is highly responsible for hydration enthalpy and also the cost of cement which makes it uneconomical. The only way to deal with this kind of challenge is by introducing different products to replace certain amount of cement. An environmental friendly waste product produced from agricultural industries known as POFA (Palm-oil-fuel-ash) can be replaced with certain percentage of cement replacement in concrete and still attain similar strength such as conventional concrete. This paper intention is to focus changes on mechanical, strength properties of M30 grade concrete by using (POFA) palm-oil-fuel-ash. It is very much efficient in reducing cement expenses and also enhances the strength when engineered in technical aspects. When this agro waste palm oil ash is added, very less quantity of co2 emission takes place with reduction in liberation of heat from concrete. With the incorporation of palm oil fuel ash in various incremental order of (0, 10, 20, 30, 40) % replacement by cement in concrete, certain amount of change in behavior in concrete strength parameters namely compression strength, split tensile strength, and flexure strength is noted. M30 grade of concrete is considered while performing tests and analyzing, it shows that 10% replacement of cement by palm oil ash (POFA) gave high strength compared to conventional concrete. All the results generated are compared against control mix which gave an impression of improvement in (mechanical, strength) parameters of concrete in a positive way which helps balance the environment and also achieve sustainability of the concrete.

Investigating the Performance, Reduction of Emission and Combustion Characteristics of YSZ Coated D.I.Diesel Engine Powered by Binary Bio-fuels

Performance, emission and combustion studies were carried out on the ceramic coated diesel engine (YSZ) fed with biodiesel obtained from the oil derived from the mango seeds (MSBD) and MSBD blended with turpentine oil (MSBTO). The performance study showed that the MSBD and MSBTO blends showed 3.6% and 7.1% more BSFC value compared to that of DF in ceramic coated engine due to higher density and viscosity. The maximum brake thermal efficiency was observed 28% for DF in coated engine compared to other fuels due to less fuel consumption of DF because of lower density. The emission characteristics displayed that the MSBTO fuel showed 12%, 15.2% and 29.1% reduction in the smoke density, NOx and CO respectively compared to that of DF in coated engine. However, the MSBD and MSBTO showed 17 and 21% more release of UBHC at full conditions compared to that of DF in ceramic coated engine due to lesser calorific values of MSBD and MSBTO compared to the calorific value of DF. Combustion study revealed that the MSBD and MSBTO displayed less cylinder pressure compared to that of DF in coated engine and the MSBTO fuel showed the 5.3% decrease in the cylinder pressure compared to that of DF in coated engine owing to less heat liberation and lower cetane value. HRR followed the similar trend of variation of cylinder pressure and the MSBTO displayed 7.4% lower HRR compared to that of DF in coated engine.