Heat Flow Method Research Articles

A heat-flow method for generating fiber placement trajectories over meshes

Automatic Fiber Placement (AFP) is a principal processing method for carbon fiber reinforced composite materials and is widely applied in the contemporary manufacturing industry. An efficient and rational trajectory generation strategy is the crucial factor determining the quality and efficiency of fiber placement. This article investigates the effectiveness of employing numerical approximation in resolving the problem of determining fiber placement trajectories on triangular mesh molds. The proposed method, based on heat-flow (HF), can directly compute the distance map by solving a straightforward linear system and trace full coverage trajectories. It encompasses two pivotal processes, namely, enforcing initial boundary conditions and updating the vector field, and is capable of generating the expected full coverage equidistant trajectories without any gaps or overlaps. It can handle complex molds that are arduous to be expressed through parametric or implicit equations. The experimental simulation further substantiates the feasibility of the proposed method in generating full coverage trajectories and its potential application in AFP.

Investigation of Temperature Variation Characteristics and a Prediction Model of Sandy Soil Thermal Conductivity in the Near-Phase-Transition Zone

Soil thermal conductivity in the near-phase-transition zone is a key parameter affecting the thermal stability of permafrost engineering and its catastrophic thermal processes. Therefore, accurately determining the soil thermal conductivity in this specific temperature zone has important theoretical and engineering significance. In the present work, a method for testing the thermal conductivity of fine sandy soil in the near-phase-transition zone was proposed by measuring thermal conductivity with the transient plane heat source method and determining the volumetric specific heat capacity by weighing unfrozen water contents. The unfrozen water content of sand specimens in the near-phase-transition zone was tested, and a corresponding empirical fitting formula was established. Finally, based on the testing results, temperature variation trends and parameter influence laws of thermal conductivity in the near-phase-transition zone were analyzed, and thermal conductivity prediction models based on multiple regression (MR) and a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) were also established. The results show the following: (1) The average error of the proposed test method in this work and the reference steady-state heat flow method is only 7.25%, which validates the reliability of the proposed test method. (2) The variation in unfrozen water contents in fine sandy soil in the range of 0~−3 °C accounts for over 80% of the variation in the entire negative temperature range. The unfrozen water content and thermal conductivity curves exhibit a similar trend, and the near-phase-transition zone can be divided into a drastic phase transition zone and a stable phase transition zone. (3) Increases in the thermal conductivity of fine sandy soil mainly occur the drastic phase transition zone, where these increases account for about 60% of the total increase in thermal conductivity in the entire negative temperature region. With the increase in density and total water content, the rate of increase in thermal conductivity in the drastic phase transition zone gradually decreases. (4) The R2, MAE, and RSME of the RBFNN model in the drastic phase transition zone are 0.991, 0.011, and 0.021, respectively, which are better than those of the MR prediction model.

Thermal Properties of Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate Dodecahydrate–Coated Metal Foam/Sodium Acetate Trihydrate Composite as Phase Change Material

Abstract Salt hydrates, like the sodium acetate trihydrate (SAT), possess a remarkable ability to store copious amounts of thermal energy, thanks to their ingenious utilization of a high latent heat of fusion. This unique property makes them a compelling choice for various energy storage applications. In this study, aluminum and copper foams with pore sizes of 40, 80, and 110 pores per inch (PPI) coated with disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate were prepared, and their effects on the SAT solidification temperature, latent heat of fusion, and thermal conductivity were investigated. The samples' thermal conductivity was measured using the guarded heat flow method. Thermal properties, including latent heat of fusion and supercooling were measured using the T-History method. The results showed that the metal foam matrix is an effective method of enhancing the thermal conductivity of SAT while occupying a small volume of the composite. The copper foam with a PPI of 80 was able to increase the effective thermal conductivity to 2.62 W/(m⋅K), an increase of 388.15% compared to pure SAT while occupying approximately 6.5% of the composite volume. The T-History results showed a solidification temperature of 57.52 °C along with a super cooling of 3.28 °C for the same sample set. Furthermore, it was also found that copper samples significantly outperformed the aluminum ones, despite the higher porosity.

Effective thermal conductivity of LaNi5 powder beds for hydrogen storage: Measurement and theoretical analysis

Accurately measuring and analyzing the effective thermal conductivity of metal hydride beds is critical to design the structure of solid-state hydrogen storage tanks. On the basis of the steady-state radial heat flow method, a measurement cell of effective thermal conductivity was manufactured. The effective thermal conductivities of nonactivated and activated LaNi5 powder beds were measured in helium, nitrogen, and argon atmospheres with the temperature changing from 20 to 60 °C and pressure from 0.1 to 4.0 MPa. Then, the effective thermal conductivities were further analyzed using the Zehner–Schlünder–Damköhler model. Results show that the effective thermal conductivities can be enhanced by increasing gas thermal conductivity, gas pressure, and bed temperature. In addition, the effective thermal conductivities can be accurately predicted using the modified Zehner–Schlünder–Damköhler model considering the Smoluchowski effect (error < ± 5 %). With the use of the modified Zehner–Schlünder–Damköhler model, the contributions of different heat transfer pathways to the entire heat transfer of LaNi5 powder beds were analyzed. Approximately 70 %–91 % of the effective thermal conductivity of LaNi5 powder beds is contributed by the conduction of the particle–gas–particle pathway.

Comparison and correction on calculation methods of clothing insulation based on thermal comfort

Clothing insulation is a major factor affecting human thermal comfort, and it is usually a fixed value when the clothing ensemble are determined in the standard. However, real clothing insulation is considerably affected by the environment and activity level (metabolic rate). Thus, the heat flow method for obtaining clothing insulation through thermal equilibrium between the skin layer and environment was proposed. Later, a non-contact method for easy acquisition of clothing insulation was proposed. The method was implemented via infrared imager. In this paper, above methods were compared and analysed based on experiment data. Three activity levels were considered, sedentary (1.0 met), walking at speed of 0.8 m/s (1.8 met), and 1.2 m/s (2.6 met). The feasibility and accuracy of above methods are discussed by comparing the PMV calculated by the clothing insulation with the actual thermal sensation (TSV) of the subjects obtained by questionnaire. The results showed that the non-contact method exhibited the highest prediction accuracy. Due to the sweating effect on skin temperature, the higher the activity levels, the lower the prediction accuracy. In this paper, a correction method of clothing insulation was proposed by using the temperature of face and neck and skin wettedness. After correction, the root means square error between the PMV and TSV decreased by 11 %.

Microstructure modification in Ba-doped SnO2-based ceramics with promising thermal conductivity and electrical properties

In this paper, the thermal conductivity of Ba-doped SnO2 varistors was tested using the heat flow method, and it was found that the thermal conductivity is related to the grain boundary barrier of the samples. Introducing the reduction of impurity phases and point defects is an effective method to enhance the thermal conductivity of SnO2-based varistors. Energy dispersive spectrograms indicate that the content of spinel Co2SnO4 doped with 1 mol% Ba is the least when the arrester is operated at 40 °C. The positive and negative charge defects are fully compensated, thereby reducing phonon scattering and improving the thermal conductivity of the samples. Spinel Co2SnO4 occupies the position of the effective grain boundary, so the reduction of Co2SnO4 and the compensation of positive and negative defects also effectively increase the grain boundary barrier. When the doping amount of Ba is 1 mol%, the optimal potential barrier height is 1.48eV, the nonlinear coefficient is 45, the leakage current is 0.8 μA/cm2 and the voltage gradient is 418 V/mm.

Sustainable construction materials for low-cost housing: Thermal insulation potential of expanded SBR composites with leather waste

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in improving energy efficiency and thermal comfort in low-income housing, especially in regions prone to extreme climatic conditions. Conventional construction materials such as bricks and concrete exhibit shortcomings in energy efficiency, resulting in high indoor temperatures. This scenario not only impacts residents' well-being but also increases energy consumption, especially for air conditioning systems, potentially straining the electrical infrastructure in hot climate areas, leading to power outages and adverse consequences for the community and local industry. This study proposes an innovative and sustainable solution: the use of expanded styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) with micronized leather shavings, possessing thermal insulation properties. The thermal insulation capacity of the composites was evaluated using heat flow methods, hot/cold plate heat flow analysis, and impedance tube acoustic method. The SBR/Leather waste composite at 20 phr emerges as a viable, promising, and sustainable alternative, exhibiting significant thermal insulation capacity with a thermal conductivity of 0.073 Wm-1.K−1 and temperature attenuation close to 15 °C, potentially enhancing comfort and quality of life in urban areas. The thermal insulation results of the other composites also surpassed traditional construction materials such as building boards, plywood, fiberglass, asphalt roofing, and cement tiles. The study demonstrates the feasibility of reusing leather as a reinforcing filler in rubber-based foams to produce thermal insulation materials, offering a sustainable solution to mitigate urban heating and improve quality of life in cities.

Research on the calculation method of grinding temperature field of spiral bevel gear based on generative machining

At present, the process parameter setting of spiral bevel gear grinding is mainly based on an empirical method, and the tooth surface temperature is difficult to estimate effectively during grinding, which may lead to excessive tooth surface temperature and surface burn caused by improper selection of process parameters. Aiming at the above problems, this paper presents a method for calculating the temperature field of spiral bevel gear forming based on a combination of analytical and numerical methods. The motion equation of spiral bevel gear grinding is derived based on the method of tooth surface development. The time-varying heat flow calculation method in tooth surface grinding was developed through the discrete and two-dimensional contact zone. The time-varying temperature field analysis method of spiral bevel gear forming is developed using the time-varying heat flow and finite element calculation method. The related research can realize the temperature prediction of grinding tooth surfaces and provide the basis for improving grinding technology.

Thermal conductivity measurements for additively manufactured AlSi10Mg and Al6061-RAM2 Aluminum composites at cryogenic temperatures

Advances in 3D printing are disruptive opportunities for material selection and component design in cryogenics. However, thermophysical property measurements for these novel materials are generally unavailable at cryogenic temperatures. This experiment explores the variation in thermal conductivities due to print direction of two aluminium composites (AlSi10Mg and Al6061-RAM). The direct linear heat flow method was utilized to calculate thermal conductivities using a measured wattage input, temperature differential, and Fourier’s Law of Conduction. A multi-measurement linear regression was applied to determine thermal conductivities at fixed average temperatures over the range of 20-100K. The AlSi10Mg composite had a greater thermal conductivity than Al6061-T6 for both printing planes by approximately 230%. The XY-plane print direction resulted in a reduction in thermal conductivity compared with the Z-plane by approximately 30%. The AL6061-RAM composite had effective thermal conductivities smaller than the machined Al6061-T6 by approximately 70% for both print directions. The thermal conductivity in the Z-plane print direction was consistently greater than the thermal conductivity in the XY print direction. Validation studies were conducted utilizing Al6061-T6 and SS-304/304L. The calculated deviation for the validation samples depicted a 20% difference from the National Institute of Standards and Technologies (NIST) recommended reference values. The calculated uncertainty of the experimental system was 5-10%, increasing as temperature decreased. These preliminary measurements depict the need for further analysis on 3D printed composite materials and reverification of common materials due to improvements in current manufacturing methods since the classic experimental measurements were carried out for SS-304/304L and Al6061-T6.

Определение коэффициента теплопроводности деревянных клееных конструкций с учетом макроструктуры и плотности древесины

The paper considers calculated and experimental methods of determining the thermal conductivity coefficient of wooden glued structures. The author shows that when designing the thermal protection of building enclosure structures in the form of CLT-panels or wooden glued laminated timber, one uses reference data on the thermal conductivity coefficient for pine or spruce. In practice, the value of the thermal conductivity coefficient may be less than the reference value; as a consequence, the thickness of the building enclosing structures is overestimated. This is not reasonable in terms of material intensity of construction. When considering wood as an anisotropic material, the peculiarities of the macrostructure and differences in the density of individual layers, as well as the wood species, should be taken into account when determining the parameters of structures. Based on the physical description of the thermal conductivity process and the fundamental laws of heat and mass transfer, the author proposes that it is necessary to adjust the results of calculations to the actual values of the thermal conductivity coefficient of multilayer wooden glued structures. The paper presents the results of experimental determination of the thermal conductivity coefficient of pine and aspen wood using steady-state and unsteady heat flow methods. It is shown that, depending on the density and wood species, experimental values of the thermal conductivity coefficient from 0.102 to 0.115 W·m-1∙K-1 can be obtained.

Preparation and properties of phase-change materials with enhanced radial thermal conductivities based on anisotropic graphene aerogels.

In this study, anisotropic graphene aerogels are prepared using the heat-flow method. Then, graphene aerogels with nanosilver particles are prepared via a silver mirror reaction. The aerogels are soaked in paraffin wax and the effects on the properties of the wax are investigated. The thermal conductivity of pure paraffin wax is 0.2553 W m-1 K-1. For the prepared PCM, the aerogel content was 0.92 vol%; this increases to 1.2234 W m-1 K-1, which corresponds to a thermal conductivity enhancement efficiency of 582%. The axial thermal conductivity is 1.4953 W m-1 K-1, which corresponds to a thermal conductivity enhancement efficiency of 746%. The graphene aerogels with the nanosilver particles show high phase-change efficiency. Owing to the significant improvements in the axial and thermal conductivities, the radial and axial heat transfer properties show good consistency suitable for practical applications.

Influence of Ag Doping on Thermal Conductivity and Magnetic Levitation of Single Grain YBCO Superconductors for High-Temperature Superconducting Maglev

Ag doping in (RE)Ba2Cu3O7−δ [(RE)BCO] bulk high-temperature superconductors has been recognized as an effective way to improve the mechanical and superconducting properties of REBCO bulk superconductors for practical applications such as high-temperature superconducting (HTS) Maglev. Ag2O nanoparticles doped YBCO samples with different doping amounts (x, x varies from 0∼0.5 wt%) were fabricated by Top-Seeded Melt-Growth method (TSMG). The samples’ steady-state thermal conductivity (λ) and the magnetic levitation force (FL) were measured by a testing platform under a similar condition to the HTS Maglev system. The effects of Ag2O doping on the λ and FL of single domain YBCO bulks have been systematically studied. The λ of the c-axis and the ab-plane were calculated through the steady-state heat flow method. We observed that λ increases distinctly when x ≥0.3 wt%. The doping amount of 0.3 wt% has been evidenced to be the optimal value, of which the λ of the c-axis and ab-plane are approximately 52% and 48% higher than the undoped one respectively. According to the results of the FL measurement, we found FL will increase while the relaxation rate of the FL will decrease by adding trace amounts of Ag2O nanoparticles in comparison to the undoped sample. This observation suggests that Ag-doping is an effective way to enhance thermal conductivity as well as the superconducting properties of YBCO superconductors for practical applications.

Effects of porosity on effective thermal conductivities of thermal insulation SiC sandwich panels with Schoen-gyroid structure

Additive-manufactured silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic panels with triple periodic minimal surfaces (TPMSs) have proven to be efficient thermal insulation structures, particularly under extremely high-temperature conditions. In this study, the Schoen-gyroid structure is investigated, and a theoretical prediction model is developed to achieve a higher effective thermal conductivity of SiC TPMS using a combination of the net heat flow method and Monte Carlo method. The effects of porosity are compared based on the calculated effective thermal conductivities of these SiC TPMS structures. The research reveals that the effective thermal conductivity of SiC TPMS structures is dependent on the porosity level, and the layered structure of additive manufacturing results in high emissivity. A comparison of the porosities ranging from 40 % to 90 % reveals that the porosity rate of the 40 % structure demonstrates better heat dissipation performance. The simulation results of the effective thermal conductivity of the TPMS with a porosity rate of 40 % using the Schoen-gyroid structure confirm the consistency with the experimental measurements.

Effective Thermal Conductivity Measurement of Additively Manufactured Lattice Structures by Application of Modified Temperature Profile Method

This study aims to establish a general-purpose thermal conductivity measurement method that can take into account the effect of heat loss under atmospheric conditions for measuring the effective thermal conductivity of lattice structures, and to clarify the effective thermal conductivity of lattice structures with different wire diameters. In this paper, calculations by finite element method and measurements using steady state comparative-longitudinal heat flow method and modified temperature profile method were performed to clarify the effective thermal conductivity of the five truncated octahedron unit-cell lattice structures with different wire diameters fabricated by additive manufacturing. The modified temperature profile method is developed to take into account the effect of interfacial thermal resistance in the measurement apparatus. The effective thermal conductivity measured using the steady state comparative-longitudinal heat flow method and calculated with finite element method analysis showed good agreement, confirming that the effective thermal conductivity is strongly dependent on the wire diameter. The effective thermal conductivity obtained by the modified temperature profile (MTP) method was 3 % to 24 % smaller than that obtained by the steady state comparative-longitudinal heat flow method, and the measurement was able to take heat loss into account more concretely. Furthermore, measurements using the MTP method enabled us to obtain reasonable values for the ratio of heat loss in each section, the fin efficiency of the sample, the heat transfer coefficient to the surroundings, and the interfacial thermal resistance between the rods and the sample.

Thermal energy simulation of PCM-based radiant floor cooling systems for naturally ventilated buildings in a hot and humid climate

This study investigated the applicability of a thermal energy simulation (TES) for a naturally ventilated building in which a phase change material (PCM)-based radiant floor cooling system was installed. The TES was conducted to determine influential factors to maximize the thermal storage effect of PCMs in the building throughout a year in a hot and humid climate. First, the thermal properties of a full-scale PCM product were measured using the heat flow method. This measurement clearly captured the hysteresis of the PCM depending on the heating and cooling rates; thus, the enthalpy–temperature curve under slow heating and cooling rates was determined for the TES. Based on the results of the PCM measurement, the EnergyPlus-based TES model was validated by comparing it with the results of field measurement at a full-scale experimental building with natural ventilation in Indonesia and a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation coupled with the heat balance analysis. Good correlations (up to R2 = 0.99) were observed in the air and floor surface temperatures between the measurement and TES simulation. Additionally, the TES had a similar accuracy as the coupled CFD, which considers spatial wind and temperature distribution. The results of the annual simulation showed that the proposed PCM-based radiant floor cooling system with night ventilation achieved a thermal comfort period of up to 68.5% a year. Furthermore, a reasonable annual average utilization rate of approximately 70% can be determined to maintain a low floor surface temperature throughout a year.

INSTALLATION FOR DETERMINING THE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF PLATES BY THE STATIONARY METHOD

When measuring the thermal conductivity of thermal insulation materials made by powder metallurgy and building porous materials, complications arise due to the fact that heat flows through the samples are commensurate with heat losses. The steady-state heat flow (SSHF) method is simple, does not require sophisticated equipment, and allows determining the thermal conductivity not in the near-surface layer but in the entire sample volume. Its disadvantage is low accuracy and the need to use reference samples. This work aims to develop an installation for measuring the thermal conductivity of largesized samples of low-conductivity material using the steady-state heat flow method with significantly higher accuracy than existing installations using this method. This is achieved by sandwiching the sample, which is a thin square plate of large dimensions, between the heater chamber and the refrigerator. The heating chamber is made of insulating material and its front wall, which is in contact with the sample, is made of the copper plate (which has good thermal conductivity). In the operating mode, the temperature in the heater chamber is maintained equal to the ambient temperature, which allows us to neglect heat losses and assume that in the steady-state mode, the heater power is equal to the heat flux through the sample. The thickness of the sample is much smaller than the size of its side (the sample should be square). This assumption is necessary to use the condition of isotropic temperature distribution in the cross-section of the sample. The refrigerator is filled with water and ice. The isotropic temperature distribution in the sample is ensured by its contact with the copper walls of the heater and refrigerator chamber. The temperature of the heated surface of the sample is measured using a thermocouple inserted through a hole in the front wall of the heater chamber. The proposed design of the installation and its operating conditions make it possible to significantly improve the accuracy of determining the thermal conductivity coefficient and make the error less than 2%.

The Double C Block Project: Thermal Performance of an Innovative Concrete Masonry Unit with Embedded Insulation

The Double C Block (DCB) is an innovative composite Concrete Masonry Unit (CMU) developed to offer enhanced thermal performance over standard hollow core blocks (HCBs). The DCB features an original design consisting of a polyurethane (PUR) foam inserted between two concrete c-shaped layers, thus acting as the insulating layer and the binding agent of the two concrete elements simultaneously. The purpose of this research is to describe the results obtained when assessing the thermal transmittance (UDCB and UHCB) of these blocks using three different methodologies: theoretical steady-state U-value calculations, numerical simulation using a Finite Element Method (FEM), and in situ monitoring of the U-value by means of the Heat Flow method (HFM). The results obtained show that the three methodologies corroborated each other within their inherent limitations. The DCB showed a performance gap of 52.1% between the predicted FEM simulation (UDCB was 0.71 W/(m2K)) and the values measured via HFM, which converged at 1.47 W/(m2K). Similarly, a gap of 19.9% was observed when assessing the HCB. The theoretical value via FEM of UHCB was 1.93 W/(m2K) and the measured one converged at 2.41 W/(m2K). Notwithstanding this, the DCB showed superior thermal performance over the traditional block thanks to a lower U-value, and it complies with the Maltese building energy code. Further improvements are envisaged.

Effect of Sb and In additives on thermal and electrical properties of Sn–9Zn–4Bi alternative lead-free solder alloy

Due to the threats of lead to human and environmental health with Tin (Sn)- lead (Pb) solder alloys, efforts to develop lead-free solders continue. To adapt to different soldering areas, especially electronics, the search for alloys that can replace Sn–Pb has increased. The better the solders are in terms of thermal and electrical properties at the junctions, the better the performance of the circuit. In this study, changes in thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and melting behavior of 0.5–2 mass percent (wt.%) antimony (Sb) and 0.5–1.5 mass percent (wt.%) indium (In) addition to Sn–9Zn–4Bi alloy were investigated. Measurements of thermal and electrical conductivity with temperature were made by linear heat flow and four-point probe methods, respectively. The melting temperatures (peak temperature) of the alloys produced vary between 477.70 and 484 K (K). When the transition temperature, which is important in solders, is compared to Sn–9Zn–4Bi-[x]Sb (x = 0.5–2 wt%) and Sn–9Zn–4Bi-yIn (y = 0.5–1.5 wt%) alloys, it is the alloy with the lowest value with 13.80 K and the addition of 1 wt% Sb. The thermal and electrical conductivity values increased with the contribution of Sb and In. In addition, temperature coefficients for thermal and electrical conductivity were calculated. Electron and phonon contributions to the thermal conductivity were determined from the Wiedemann-Franz law. It was determined that electron contribution was higher for each alloy.

Low Temperature Thermal Properties of Nanodiamond Ceramics

The temperature dependence of thermal conductivity and specific heat for detonated nanodiamond ceramics is investigated on specially designed experimental setups, implementing the uniaxial stationary heat flow method and the thermal relaxation method, respectively. Additionally, complementary studies with a commercial setup (Physical Property Measurement System from Quantum Design operating either in Thermal Transport or Heat Capacity Option) were performed. Two types of samples are under consideration. Both ceramics were sintered at high pressures (6–7 GPa) for 11–25 s but at different sintering temperatures, namely 1000 °C and 1600 °C. The effect of changing the sintering conditions on thermal transport is examined. In thermal conductivity κ(T), it provides an improvement up to a factor of 3 of heat flow at room temperature. The temperature dependence of κ(T) exhibits a typical polycrystalline character due to hindered thermal transport stemming from the microstructure of ceramic material but with values around 1–2 W/mK. At the lowest temperatures, the thermal conductivity is very low and increases only slightly faster than linear with temperature, proving the significant contribution of the scattering due to multiple grain boundaries. The specific heat data did not show a substantial difference between detonated nanodiamond ceramics obtained at different temperatures unlike for κ(T) results. For both samples, an unexpected upturn at the lowest temperatures is observed—most likely reminiscent of a low-T Schottky anomaly. A linear contribution to the specific heat is also present, with a value one order of magnitude higher than in canonical glasses. The determined Debye temperature is 482 (±6) K. The results are supported by phonon mean free path calculations.

Epoxy-Red Lead Oxide and Hybrid Composites Thermal Properties

Epoxy resins are used as Lightweight Automotive components, hydrophobic coating, corrosive-resistant thermosetting linings, and other applications. To understand the effect of epoxy resin with Graphene(G)-red Lead oxide (Pb3O4) filler with the application of heat, the thermal behavior of the hybrid composite material is studied in detail. Microstructure characterization of the produced composites had performed employing EDX and SEM. Analyses of the epoxy matrix microstructure have confirmed a relatively uniform distribution of fillers. TGA, DSC, and Longitudinal heat flow methods, were used to determine the thermal behavior of prepared materials by ASTM standards. Heat resistivity and Thermal conductivity of the material increase by adding 0.5 wt% of G initially increase but decreases with an increase in the density of the composite. Specific heat capacity and CTE increase with density for hybrid material. A decrease in Diffusivity indicates a proven thermally insulating material. A simple method adopted for fabrication tends to reduce cost. Epoxy-based Graphene-red lead oxide with modified properties has proven to be a good insulating material.