Heart Rate Monitoring Research Articles

The Effectiveness of a Self-Management and Multifactorial Program for Blood Pressure Control Among Older Home-Based Workers in Urban Bangkok, Thailand

Older adults aged between 50-65 years old have a high risk of hypertension. With the growing numbers of home-based workers among adults and older adults in Thailand, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of self-management with a multifactorial program to control blood pressure among older adults. A randomized controlled trial was conducted. Participants who worked as home-based workers aged between 50-65 years old were recruited from a community in the western area of Bangkok. Approximately 70 participants were randomly and equally assigned to the intervention and control groups (35 participants in each group). Participants in the intervention group received the program that consisted of education regarding food selection, work time management and arm swinging; a practical protocol, an exercise program, a heart rate monitor, a recorded book for facilitating participants’ progress to ensure their safety and efficiency in a health professional manner for a week/month. While those in the control group received usual care. A Knowledge Attitude Practice questionnaire was utilized to assess their knowledge, attitude, and practice, which demonstrated a content validity index and Cronbach alpha of 0.80, respectively. The Citizen CH-403C was utilized to measure blood pressure and heart rate. Two-way Repeated Measures ANOVA was employed to analyze the differences in outcome scores at baseline, 3-month after program, and 6-month follow up. The results showed a significant increase in participant’s knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors toward hypertension and a decrease in blood pressure to nearly normal after 3months following the completion of the program and 6-month follow-up. Therefore, the self-management and multifactorial program could be an effective preventive intervention for older adults with pre-hypertension conditions to offer them valuable knowledge on work-life balance as well as to help prevent hypertension, and related stroke complications.

Deep learning with information fusion and model interpretation for long-term prenatal fetal heart rate data

Long-term fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring during the antepartum period, increasingly popularized by electronic FHR monitoring, represents a growing approach in FHR monitoring. This kind of continuous monitoring, in contrast to the short-term one, collects an extended period of fetal heart data. This offers a more comprehensive understanding of fetus’s conditions. However, the interpretation of long-term antenatal fetal heart monitoring is still in its early stages, lacking corresponding clinical standards. Furthermore, the substantial amount of data generated by continuous monitoring imposes a significant burden on clinical work when analyzed manually. To address above challenges, this study develops an automatic analysis system named LARA (Long-term Antepartum Risk Analysis system) for continuous FHR monitoring, combining deep learning and information fusion methods. LARA’s core is a well-established convolutional neural network (CNN) model. It processes long-term FHR data as input and generates a Risk Distribution Map (RDM) and Risk Index (RI) as the analysis results. We evaluate LARA on inner test dataset, the performance metrics are as follows: AUC 0.872, accuracy 0.816, specificity 0.811, sensitivity 0.806, precision 0.271, and F1 score 0.415. In our study, we observe that long-term FHR monitoring data with higher RI is more likely to result in adverse outcomes (p = 0.0021). In conclusion, this study introduces LARA, the first automated analysis system for long-term FHR monitoring, initiating the further explorations into its clinical value in the future.

O93 BRIGHT LIGHT EXPOSURE ATTENUATES BLOOD PRESSURE REDUCTION POSTEXERCISE

Background and objective: A single session of aerobic exercise lowers blood pressure (BP), known as postexercise hypotension (PEH). Bright light (BL) exposure increases BP at rest compared to dim light (DL). However, whether BL exposure can attenuate PEH remains unknown, and this hypothesis was tested in the current study. Methods: Twenty healthy men (27±5 years) underwent two experimental sessions: one under BL (5000 lux) and another under dim light (DL ≤8 lux), performed in random order. In each session, subjects executed an aerobic exercise session on a cycle ergometer for 30 min at 50-60-% heart rate (HR) reserve. BP (oscillometric) and HR (HR monitor) were measured, and rate-pressure-product (RPP) was calculated (systolic BP * HR) pre- and postexercise. Additionally, subjects wore an ambulatory BP monitor (ABPM) for 24 hours after postexercise measurements. Results: Systolic BP decreased similarly postexercise in both sessions, but its levels were higher in BL than DL throughout the experimental session (Figure 1A). Diastolic and mean BPs decreased postexercise only in DL at 30 min, while they increased in BL at 60 and 90 min (Figure 1B and 1C, respectively). HR and RPP increased in both sessions postexercise, but RPP levels were higher throughout the experimental session in BL than DL (Figure 1D and 1E, respectively) and for the first three hours of ABPM. Conclusions: In healthy adult men, BL exposure increased systolic BP and cardiac work and attenuated PEH on diastolic and mean BPs.

Design of Ergonomic Flour Dough Mixer with Participatory Approach to Increase Work Productivity MSME Employees

Culinary businesses that are members of MSMEs usually process foodstuffs, including stirring flour dough manually using their hands. It is ineffective, makes you tired quickly, and takes a long time. Usually there are complaints such as complaints of arm muscles, complaints of fatigue in the hands, pain in the palms, and it takes a long time, resulting in subpar worker productivity. Consequently, a participation flour dough mixer that is ergonomic is required. In order to conduct this research, an experimental design of a flour dough mixer was created and applied to sixteen samples of MSME employees in the Tabanan Regency. The Nordic Body Map questionnaire was used to measure musculoskeletal diseases, and the workload was divided by the survey results to determine job productivity. The employee's work pulse was measured using a pulse meter. The findings demonstrated that the ergonomic flour dough mixer was designed based on the worker's anthropometric measurements. The tool's height was matched to the worker's standing elbow height, and the container's dimensions matched the worker's hand's reach. The design of an ergonomic flour dough mixer can reduce the workload of MSME employees by 15.1%; reduce musculoskeletal disorders of MSME employees by 47.9%; reduce MSME employee fatigue by 52.3%; and increase the work productivity of MSME employees by 501.1%.

Prolonged elevated heart rate is association with adverse outcome in severe pulmonary embolism: A retrospective study

BackgroundPulmonary embolism (PE) is a critical condition characterized by the obstruction of pulmonary arteries by thrombi, which significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality globally. Although prolonged elevated heart rate (peHR) is recognized as a risk factor for adverse outcomes in critically ill patients, its specific impact on severe PE has remained unexplored. MethodsThis retrospective cohort study analyzed data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV database. Patients diagnosed with PE were included in the study. peHR was defined as heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute on at least 11 occasions within any 12-h interval. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the impact of peHR on 30-day and 90-day mortality rates, adjusting for a broad range of demographic and clinical variables. ResultsA total of 1248 patients were included in this study, of whom 540 exhibited peHR. These patients experienced significantly longer hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stays, as well as higher mortality rates at both 30 days (25.93 % vs. 14.97 %, P < 0.001) and 90 days (33.89 % vs. 22.74 %, P < 0.001) compared to patients without peHR. Multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed peHR as an independent predictor of increased mortality at 30 days (HR 1.56, 95 % CI 1.19–2.07; P = 0.0014) and 90 days (HR 1.66, 95 % CI 1.32–2.10; P < 0.001). ConclusionpeHR significantly worsens outcomes in severe PE patients, underscoring the need for stringent heart rate monitoring and management. These findings advocate for integrating heart rate control within management strategies for severe PE, potentially improving survival outcomes.

Post Natal Mothers Satisfied and Happy with the Outcomes of their Deliveries after Individualized Precision Maternal Monitoring using 3D-Printing Technology in a Maternity Unit in the Developing World - A Case Study of Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital in Western Kenya

Background: In the low and middle income countries’ healthcare system for medicine and surgery training and service provision, the use of computing technologies would be of great help in creating faster and transformational solutions by creating software applications and hardware fabrications for faster diagnosis, which are absent currently, hence leading to efficient treatment interventions in the developing world. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the potential of using computing innovation of 3-D printing technology in producing medical solutions using 3-D printing of fetoscopes to solve the challenge of the frequency of monitoring fetal heart rates in the maternity department. Methodology: A randomized case-control study was used to analyze the impact of having one fetoscope per mother on shortening the frequency of monitoring of fetal heart rates and promptly intervening in case of non-reassuring fetal status. This was done by 3-D printing fetoscopes increasing the numbers at the Maternity department of Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital. Findings: The frequency of monitoring heart rates increased to hourly instead of 3 hourly in 24 hours, leading to timely interventions, as compared to previous days when there was only one fetoscope serving the whole unit. Mothers with a 3-D printed Fetoscope reported a lower proportion of emergency caesarean section done compared to mothers who were sharing a 3-D printed Fetoscope (13% vs. 38%, p = 0.021). No fetal death was reported among mothers with a 3-D printed Fetoscope each, while maternal satisfaction was higher among mothers with a 3-D printed Fetoscope as compared to those who were sharing (94% vs. 63%, p = 0.002). Conclusion: We concluded that computing technology is useful in designing and fabricating medical equipment and parts, which help save lives in the maternity, emergency room and the operating room in low and middle income countries.

Digital health interventions for cardiovascular disease: A review of recent developments

Digital healthcare is revolutionizing cardiovascular care by enhancing diagnostic accuracy, treatment precision, and patient management. This review highlights key advancements, including the integration of smartphones and tablets with echocardiogram transducers for remote diagnosis, particularly in underserved regions. Emerging technologies such as 3-D printing are expected to make cardiac valve replacements more affordable, while artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming diagnostic practices by improving image analysis and risk prediction. Wearable devices, equipped with sensors for monitoring heart rate, rhythm, and other vital signs, offer real-time data that aids in early detection and personalized treatment. Mobile health applications facilitate immediate cardiac care and long-term management by leveraging the portability of smartphones. The Internet of Things (IOT) further enhances cardiovascular care by enabling comprehensive, remote monitoring and efficient data management. Collectively, these innovations are not only advancing the accuracy and accessibility of cardiovascular diagnostics but also empowering patients through more personalized and proactive healthcare approaches. This review explores the impact of these technologies on improving cardiovascular health outcomes and highlights future directions for further advancements.

Early detection of deteriorating patients in general wards through continuous contactless vital signs monitoring.

To assess the efficacy of continuous contactless vital signs monitoring with an automated Early Warning System (EWS) in detecting clinical deterioration among patients in general wards. A prospective observational cohort study was conducted in the medical unit of a tertiary care hospital in India, involving 706 patients over 84,448 monitoring hours. The study used a contactless ballistocardiography system (Dozee system) to continuously monitor heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure. The study assessed total, mean, and median alerts at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 h, and length of stay (LOS) before patient deterioration or discharge. It analyzed alert sensitivity and specificity, average time from initial alert to deterioration, and healthcare practitioners (HCP) activity. Study was registered with the Clinical Trials Registry-India CTRI/2022/10/046404. Out of 706 patients, 33 (5%) experienced clinical deterioration, while 673 (95%) did not. The deterioration group consistently had a higher number of alerts compared to those who were discharged normally, across all time-points. On average, the time between the initial alert and clinical deterioration was 16 h within the last 24 h preceding the event. The sensitivity of the Dozee-EWS varied between 67% and 94%. HCP spend 10% of their time on vital signs check and documentation. This study suggests that utilizing contactless continuous vital signs monitoring with Dozee-EWS in general ward holds promise for enhancing the early detection of clinical deterioration. Further research is essential to evaluate the effectiveness across a wider range of clinical settings.

Validity and Reliability of Wearable Technology Devices during Simulated Pickleball Game Play

Pickleball is a popular sport. Also popular is wearable technology usage. Because the validity and reliability of wearable technology during pickleball is unknown, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the ability of common devices to return heart rate and estimated energy expenditure during pickleball activity. Twenty adult participants were outfitted with a portable metabolic unit and heart rate monitor (criterion measures). Experimental devices were a Garmin Instinct, Polar Vantage M2, Polar OH1, and Polar Verity Sense. Participants played simulated pickleball for 10 min. Validity measures included mean absolute percent error (MAPE) and Lin’s Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC), whereas reliability measures included coefficient of variation (CV) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The heart rate returned lower than 10% MAPE across all devices (Instinct = 5.73–6.32%, Verity Sense = 2.92–2.97%, OH1 = 3.39–3.45%) and greater than 0.85 CCC (Instinct = 0.85–0.88, Verity Sense = 0.96–0.96, OH1 = 0.93–0.94). The CV was below 10% (Instinct = 9.30%, Verity Sense = 2.68%, OH1 = 5.01%), and ICC was above 0.7 (Instinct = 0.77, Verity Sense = 0.98, OH1 = 0.91). The energy expenditure MAPE was greater than 10% (Instinct = 27.67–28.08%, Vantage M2 = 18.87–23.38%) with CCC lower than 0.7 (Instinct = 0.47–0.49, Vantage M2 = 0.62–0.63). Reliability thresholds were met in the Vantage M2 (CV = 6%, ICC = 0.98) but not in the Instinct (CV = 15%, ICC = 0.86). The Instinct was neither valid nor reliable for estimated energy expenditure, while the Polar Vantage M2 was reliable but not valid. All devices returned valid and reliable heart rates during pickleball.

Reliable Contactless Monitoring of Heart Rate, Breathing Rate, and Breathing Disturbance During Sleep in Aging: Digital Health Technology Evaluation Study.

Longitudinal monitoring of vital signs provides a method for identifying changes to general health in an individual, particularly in older adults. The nocturnal sleep period provides a convenient opportunity to assess vital signs. Contactless technologies that can be embedded into the bedroom environment are unintrusive and burdenless and have the potential to enable seamless monitoring of vital signs. To realize this potential, these technologies need to be evaluated against gold standard measures and in relevant populations. We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of heart rate and breathing rate measurements of 3 contactless technologies (2 undermattress trackers, Withings Sleep Analyzer [WSA] and Emfit QS [Emfit]; and a bedside radar, Somnofy) in a sleep laboratory environment and assess their potential to capture vital signs in a real-world setting. Data were collected from 35 community-dwelling older adults aged between 65 and 83 (mean 70.8, SD 4.9) years (men: n=21, 60%) during a 1-night clinical polysomnography (PSG) test in a sleep laboratory, preceded by 7 to 14 days of data collection at home. Several of the participants (20/35, 57%) had health conditions, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and arthritis, and 49% (17) had moderate to severe sleep apnea, while 29% (n=10) had periodic leg movement disorder. The undermattress trackers provided estimates of both heart rate and breathing rate, while the bedside radar provided only the breathing rate. The accuracy of the heart rate and breathing rate estimated by the devices was compared with PSG electrocardiogram-derived heart rate (beats per minute) and respiratory inductance plethysmography thorax-derived breathing rate (cycles per minute), respectively. We also evaluated breathing disturbance indexes of snoring and the apnea-hypopnea index, available from the WSA. All 3 contactless technologies provided acceptable accuracy in estimating heart rate (mean absolute error <2.12 beats per minute and mean absolute percentage error <5%) and breathing rate (mean absolute error ≤1.6 cycles per minute and mean absolute percentage error <12%) at 1-minute resolution. All 3 contactless technologies were able to capture changes in heart rate and breathing rate across the sleep period. The WSA snoring and breathing disturbance estimates were also accurate compared with PSG estimates (WSA snore: r2=0.76; P<.001; WSA apnea-hypopnea index: r2=0.59; P<.001). Contactless technologies offer an unintrusive alternative to conventional wearable technologies for reliable monitoring of heart rate, breathing rate, and sleep apnea in community-dwelling older adults at scale. They enable the assessment of night-to-night variation in these vital signs, which may allow the identification of acute changes in health, and longitudinal monitoring, which may provide insight into health trajectories. RR2-10.3390/clockssleep6010010.

Preterm birth risk stratification through longitudinal heart rate and HRV monitoring in daily life

Preterm birth (PTB) remains a global health concern, impacting neonatal mortality and lifelong health consequences. Traditional methods for estimating PTB rely on electronic health records or biomedical signals, limited to short-term assessments in clinical settings. Recent studies have leveraged wearable technologies for in-home maternal health monitoring, offering continuous assessment of maternal autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity and facilitating the exploration of PTB risk. In this paper, we conduct a longitudinal study to assess the risk of PTB by examining maternal ANS activity through heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV). To achieve this, we collect long-term raw photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals from 58 pregnant women (including seven preterm cases) from gestational weeks 12–15 to three months post-delivery using smartwatches in daily life settings. We employ a PPG processing pipeline to accurately extract HR and HRV, and an autoencoder machine learning model with SHAP analysis to generate explainable abnormality scores indicative of PTB risk. Our results reveal distinctive patterns in PTB abnormality scores during the second pregnancy trimester, indicating the potential for early PTB risk estimation. Moreover, we find that HR, average of interbeat intervals (AVNN), SD1SD2 ratio, and standard deviation of interbeat intervals (SDNN) emerge as significant PTB indicators.

Recommended moderate to vigorous physical activity levels for people in the chronic phase of stroke can be achieved in outpatient physiotherapy: a multicentre observational study

ABSTRACT Background Rehabilitation in the chronic phase of stroke should include 20 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). However, the level of compliance with MVPA guidelines in outpatient physiotherapy is unknown. Objectives To investigate (1) whether people in the chronic phase of stroke perform the recommended 20 minutes of MVPA during outpatient physiotherapy sessions in France, (2) whether the person’s clinical characteristics influence MVPA time and (3) which interventions contribute to achievement of recommended MVPA time. Methods This was a multicentre, cross-sectional observational study of routine outpatient physiotherapy sessions in France in people in the chronic phase of stroke. The main measures included MVPA time (determined using a heart rate monitor), clinical tests and types of physiotherapy interventions (recorded by external investigator during 2 sessions for each participant). Results 84 people in the chronic phase of stroke and 152 outpatient physiotherapy sessions in 29 outpatient clinics were included (2021–2022). Median (interquartile range) MVPA time was 25 (7–45) minutes across all sessions. Fifty-nine percent of the sessions fulfilled MVPA guidelines. Among clinical tests, only the Mini-Mental Scale Examination was significantly associated with MVPA time. Endurance, balance, and functional lower limb training were associated with the achievement of MVPA guidelines. Conclusion Outpatient physiotherapy sessions have the potential to meet the MVPA guidelines. Further research is needed to understand the variability of compliance with MVPA guidelines and to develop strategies to increase the integration of MVPA into outpatient physiotherapy sessions.

PPG and Bioimpedance-Based Wearable Applications in Heart Rate Monitoring—A Comprehensive Review

The monitoring of hemodynamic parameters, such as heart rate and blood pressure, provides valuable indications of overall cardiovascular health. It is preferable that such monitoring is non-invasive and in real time via an affordable, compact and small-scale device for maximum convenience. Numerous literature sources have exploited derivations of these parameters from photoplethysmogram (PPG) and electrical bioimpedance (EBI) signal measurements through the use of calculation algorithms of varying complexity. Compared to electrocardiogram (ECG), these measurement techniques have a merit of well-established practices of designing a wearable device that could conveniently be put on a wrist. The current paper provides a comprehensive review on the use of PPG and EBI measurement techniques in the context of hemodynamic parameter monitoring using a wearable device. A special emphasis is placed on the most basic hemodynamic parameter—heart rate—describing different algorithms of heart rate detection and monitoring. The last section provides an overview of commercially available and in-home wearable device technologies based on PPG and EBI measurements, their design challenges, and future prospects.

AI-driven paradigm shift in computerized cardiotocography analysis: A systematic review and promising directions

The rapid advancement of deep neural networks (DNNs) has significantly transformed various sectors, demonstrating unparalleled proficiency in managing intricate tasks in multiple domains. This progress holds promising implications for fetal monitoring systems, particularly in leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance the detection of abnormalities through cardiotocography (CTG). Understanding the evolving role of AI in obstetrics and gynecology, and its potential to revolutionize clinical practices, is crucial. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the integration of computerized cardiotocography and its associated technologies, coupled with a detailed analysis of the latest developments in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) within the realm of CTG research over recent years. It further explores additional tools for fetal heart monitoring, such as fetal cardiotocography, and delves into the implications of these advancements. Moreover, the study outlines prospective research avenues, discusses innovative AI approaches to overcome existing challenges, and envisages the transformative impact of AI on the future of antepartum and intrapartum care, paving the way for a new era of automated fetal monitoring.

Measurement channels’ information relationships in body surface potential mapping

Body Surface Potential Mappings (BSPM) measurements allow heart rate monitoring. Based on measurements obtained from BSPM, defects and heart rhythm disorders can be detected. Due to the multitude of data obtained from BSPM measurements, the crucial aspect in the potential test signals analysis on the human body is the automation of the disturbance detection process. This automation process involves the use of advanced algorithms and machine learning techniques to analyze the recorded data and identify patterns indicative of heart rhythm disorders. In the article, the information dependencies in the measurement channels were analyzed and presented. PCA analysis was used to determine informational relationships between the channels. The study was carried out on the data from simulations made for the BSPM measuring vest on a simulation system created for this purpose and based on the ECG signal generator. As a result of the conducted research indicated informational relationships between the channels for signals with disturbances: Atrial fibrillation, Brachycardia, Normal signal, PVC, Tachycardia, Ventricular Fibrillation, and Ventricular Tachycardia.

Implementation of electrical tomography in a medical measurement system for innovative imaging and area monitoring

LETS (Lung Electrical Tomography System) is an innovative medical system enabling comprehensive heart and lung function monitoring. It utilizes advanced techniques such as electrical impedance tomography (EIT), body surface potential mapping (BSPM), and electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) to provide accurate information about physiological parameters. The LETS system allows one-time examinations and continuous monitoring 24 hours a day. Remotely measuring and monitoring parameters such as the electrical activity of the heart muscle, blood flow, blood pressure, pulse, and lung aeration enables rapid identification and intervention in case of abnormalities. The system also allows for the detection of cardiac arrhythmias and other heart disorders, as well as the assessment of lung respiratory capacity and optimization of ventilation strategies. However, it's important to note that the LETS system has some limitations. For example, it may not be suitable for patients with certain pacemakers or other implanted devices. Overall, LETS represents a breakthrough in medical imaging, opening up new possibilities in diagnosing and monitoring heart and lung diseases. Its integration may contribute to improving patient care and increasing the effectiveness of medical interventions.

Vital parameter monitoring in harsh environment by the MedSENS in-ear multisensor device

Accurate assessment of vital parameters is essential for diagnosis and triage of critically ill patients, but not always feasible in out-of-hospital settings due to the lack of suitable devices. We performed an extensive validation of a novel prototype in-ear device, which was proposed for the non-invasive, combined measurement of core body temperature (Tc), oxygen saturation (SpO2), and heart rate (HR) in harsh environments. A pilot study with randomized controlled design was conducted in the terraXcube environmental chamber. Participants were subsequently exposed to three 15 min test sessions at the controlled ambient temperatures of 20 °C, 5 °C, and − 10 °C, in randomized order. Vital parameters measured by the prototype were compared with Tc measurements from commercial esophageal (reference) and tympanic (comparator) probes and SpO2 and HR measurements from a finger pulse-oximeter (reference). Performance was assessed in terms of bias and Lin’s correlation coefficient (CCC) with respect to the reference measurements and analyzed with linear mixed models. Twenty-three participants (12 men, mean (SD) age, 35 (9) years) completed the experimental protocol. The mean Tc bias of the prototype ranged between − 0.39 and − 0.80 °C at ambient temperatures of 20 °C and 5 °C, and it reached − 1.38 °C only after 15 min of exposure to − 10 °C. CCC values ranged between 0.07 and 0.25. SpO2 and HR monitoring was feasible, although malfunctioning was observed in one third of the tests. SpO2 and HR bias did not show any significant dependence on environmental conditions, with values ranging from − 1.71 to − 0.52% for SpO2 and 1.12 bpm to 5.30 bpm for HR. High CCC values between 0.81 and 0.97 were observed for HR in all environmental conditions. This novel prototype device for measuring vital parameters in cold environments demonstrated reliability of Tc measurements and feasibility of SpO2 and HR monitoring. Through non-invasive and accurate monitoring of vital parameters from the ear canal our prototype may offer support in triage and treatment of critically ill patients in harsh out-of-hospital conditions.

Cardiovascular adverse events associated with PARP inhibitors for ovarian cancer: a real world study (RWS) with Bayesian disproportional analysis based on the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS)

ABSTRACT Background To investigate the pharmacovigilance (PV) and make pairwise comparisons on reporting proportion, seriousness, and severity of outcomes of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) among poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-inhibitors (PARPis) in treating ovarian cancer, fallopian tube carcinoma, and primary peritoneal cancer (collectively named EOC) from the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Research design and methods Data on adverse cardiovascular events reports related to EOC treatment submitted to FAERS from the first quarter of 2015 to the second quarter of 2023 were harvested. Three PARPis were identified: olaparib, niraparib, and rucaparib. Results Eventually, a total of 258,596 eligible records were enrolled with 12,331 reports including 5,292 reports of MACE and 7,039 reports of other cardiovascular events. For the primary composite endpoint, a PV signal associated with MACE was detected in niraparib (ROR = 1.12; IC025 = 0.03), whereas it was not detected in olaparib and rucaparib; For the secondary endpoint, PV signals associated with other cardiovascular events were detected in niraparib (ROR = 1.17;IC025 = 0.04), but not in olaparib and rucaparib. Conclusions For EOC patients, close monitoring of blood pressure, heart rate, and coagulation function should be conducted when selecting niraparib for treatment.

The acute hypoalgesic effects of active head-mounted display virtual reality games.

The purpose of this study was to determine: (1) whether physically active virtual reality (VR) games exert an acute hypoaglesic effect on the thigh and bicep compared to a non-active VR game and an exercise only condition matched for exercise intensity in healthy individuals, and (2) whether movement variables during gameplay are associated with the hypoalgesic effect of the games. Twenty young adults completed five separate study sessions, with each session devoted to playing one head-mounted display VR game or stationary cycling for 15 minutes. The games included Holopoint at level 2 and level 3, Hot Squat, and Relax Walk. Pressure pain thresholds at the thigh and bicep were measured pre and post VR gameplay and cycling. Participants wore a heart rate monitor and accelerometers on the wrist and thigh during play to measure the intensity and quantity of movement. Repeated measures ANOVAs revealed that pressure pain thresholds on the bicep increased from pre to posttest for each condition. The results also revealed that pressure pain thresholds on the thigh increased only for the conditions eliciting the greatest cardiovascular response, which included Holopoint at level 3, Hot Squat, and cycling. Bivariate correlations indicated that moderate to vigorous physical activity of the thigh was associated with pain reduction at the thigh during Holopoint. These results revealed that active VR games and exercise exerted a more widespread hypoalgesic effect compared to the non-active VR game, which was likely driven in part by the intensity and quantity of movement during gameplay.

Recent Advances in Antimony Selenide Photodetectors.

Photodetectors (PDs) rapidly capture optical signals and convert them into electrical signals, making them indispensable in a variety of applications including imaging, optical communication, remote sensing, and biological detection. Recently, antimony selenide (Sb2Se3) has achieved remarkable progress due to its earth-abundant, low toxicity, low price, suitable bandgap width, high absorption coefficient, and unique structural characteristics. Sb2Se3 has been extensively studied in solar cells, but there's a lack of timely updates in the field of PDs. A literature review based on Sb2Se3 PDs is urgently warranted. This review aims to provide a concise understanding of the latest progress in Sb2Se3 PDs, with a focus on the basic characteristics and the performance optimization for Sb2Se3 photoconductive-type and photodiode-type detectors, including nanostructure regulation, process optimization, and stability improvement of flexible devices. Furthermore, the application progresses of Sb2Se3 PDs in heart rate monitoring, and monolithic-integrated matrix images are introduced. Finally, this review presents various strategies with potential and feasibility to address challenges for the rapid development and commercial application of Sb2Se3 PDs.