Heartbeat Rate Research Articles

Missing Risk Factor Prediction in Cardiovascular Disease Using a Blended Dataset and Optimizing Classification With a Stacking Algorithm

ABSTRACTMachine learning is important in the treatment of heart disease because it is capable of analyzing large amounts of patient data, such as medical records, imaging tests, and genetic information, in order to identify patterns and predict the risk of developing heart disease. However, most ML algorithms require more accurate data in order to build an accurate prediction model and do not tolerate missing values. Handling missing risk factors is critical during dataset preprocessing and becomes more difficult when the risk factors are completely missing. Removing this completely missing feature may result in the loss of critical information, but there are no readily available imputation methods, which presents a significant challenge. To overcome this difficulty, in this study, we take an attempt to impute using statistical multiple linear regression and Huber regression (HR) methods using four blended datasets (Statlog, Cleveland, Hungarian, and Switzerland) sourced from the UCI ML repository. The entire dataset comprises 14 attributes, including one target variable; however, in the Switzerland dataset, one feature value (“serum cholesterol”) is entirely missing. Missing “serum cholesterol” is recognized as a predisposing factor including “chest pain,” “supreme heartbeat rate,” “type of defect,” “exercise induced ST stress related to rest,” and “exercise generated angina” in the proposed imputation methods. We also proposed applying the majority voting ensemble technique in an individual's and integrated dataset using ML algorithms as part of the risk factor identification strategy. The results show that our proposed stacked algorithm for the combined dataset with the ensemble features significantly improved accuracy by 93.47%, and an AUC score of 94.50% demonstrated more accurate and early prediction than the previous research and also provided the model's diversity, resilience, generalization, and adaptability to varied datasets.

Vital signs detection of moving targets using FMCW radar

Abstract Respiratory and heartbeat rates are crucial indicators for human health assessment. Compared to contact-based measurements, millimeter-wave radar detection of these vital signs avoids the discomfort caused by physical contact and better protects personal privacy, making it highly valuable for home health monitoring. The use of millimeter-wave radar for vital sign detection of the human body is mostly focused on targets in a stationary state at present. However, the human body may sway or even move during actual detection. This article proposes a non-contact vital sign detection method for moving targets. Compared with methods for detecting vital signs of stationary targets, detecting vital signs of moving targets requires determining the range bin where the targets are located continuously and extracting target phase information. The noise components such as movement and sway contained in the phase signal need to be removed. In this paper, moving target indication is used to remove static components, an adaptive range bin selection method is proposed to determine the range bin where the targets are located, and range bin selection fluctuation is smoothed using a moving average filter. The wavelet transform is used to decompose the phase signal, remove swaying noise based on autocorrelation function, and reconstruct the life signal for different scale factors. A bandpass filter is used to separate the respiratory and heartbeat signals, and a notch filter is designed to suppress respiratory harmonic signals. The experimental results show that the proposed method can separate vital signs signals from the phase signals of moving targets, achieving detection of respiration and heartbeat rate. The average accuracy of respiration and heartbeat rate detection is 94.7% and 95.5%, respectively.

Association of Wearable Derived Pulse Rate Variability With Pediatric Appendectomy Complications

IntroductionPostoperative recovery of children is difficult to gauge by parents after hospital discharge. Consumer wearable devices (CWD) generate valid and near real-time pulse rate data, integer pulse rate variability (PRVi), that can serve as digital biomarkers for the onset of complications during post-discharge recovery. This study sought to explore whether pediatric patients with surgical complications after appendectomy exhibited a CWD-derived PRVi trajectory that differs from the normative PRVi recovery trajectory. MethodsIn this retrospective analysis, children aged 3–17 undergoing appendectomy for complicated appendicitis was invited to participate. Participants wore a Fitbit device for 21 days postoperatively. PRVi was calculated as the variance, defined as the sum of the squared differences of each value from the mean, of the heart rate in beats per minute measured over 5 consecutive minutes. The mean daily PRVi was calculated for patients recovering with and without complications. ResultsNinety-eight patients were enrolled in the study; 60 (61 %) were ages 3–11, 54 (55 %) were female, and 57 (58 %) were Caucasian. Eleven (11 %) developed surgical complications. Those with complications experienced a slower increase in the mean PRVi over the 21-day period. ConclusionsIn this prospective observational study, it was demonstrated that PRVi derived from CWD data can be used as an objective digital biomarker to profile surgical complications. This finding provides clinicians with an additional tool for monitoring children during the postoperative period, enhancing their ability to proactively detect and address complications. Level of EvidenceIV.

Acute toxicity assessment and QSAR modeling of zebrafish embryos exposed to methyl paraben and its halogenated byproducts

Halogenated methyl parabens are formed readily during water chlorination, with or without bromide ion presence. However, research gaps persist in in vivo toxicological assessments of vertebrates exposed to halo-MePs. To address this gap, this study evaluated acute toxicities at 24−96 h-post-fertilization in zebrafish embryos exposed to methyl paraben and its mono- or di-halogenated derivatives, using various apical endpoints. Significant enhanced toxic effects were confirmed for halo-MePs compared to MeP on embryo coagulation (3–19 fold), heartbeat rate decrement (11–80 fold), deformity rate increment (9–68 fold), and hatching failure (4–33 fold), with parentheses indicating the determined toxic potency ratios. Moreover, halo-MePs showed a significantly higher increase in biochemical levels of reactive oxygen species, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde, while acetylcholinesterase activity was inhibited compared to NT and MeP. The experimental toxic potencies (log(1/EC50 or LC50)) were compared with the predicted ones (log(1/EC50 or LC50, baseline)) using the baseline toxicity Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship previously established for zebrafish embryos. Halo-MePs were specific (or reactive) toxicants based on their toxic ratios of more than 10 for apical endpoints including heartbeat rate, deformity rate, and hatching rate, while MeP acted as a baseline toxicant. Overall, this study presents the comprehensive toxicological assessment of halo-MePs in zebrafish embryos, contributing to an essential in vivo toxicity database for halogenated phenolic contaminants in aquatic ecosystems.

A computational study of the influence of wavy arteries and veins on hemodynamic characteristics in an unsteady state

The present work is focused on the study of hemodynamic characteristics for tortuous arteries/veins in a pulsatile flow. This work is an extension of an earlier work by the author, which reported the hemodynamic characteristics in a steady flow situation. It is a well-known fact that various geometric parameters affect the hemodynamics, such as the diameter of vessels, the diameter of mother and daughter tubes in bifurcation, the angle between them, and their relative magnitudes. This paper is focused on the effect of tortuosity produced in straight and bifurcating tubes under pulsatile flow conditions. A heartbeat rate of 120 bpm is considered for pulsation, covering one cycle of systole and diastole. The measure of tortuosity is defined by the varying pitch and the amplitude. The present analysis is carried out computationally using ANSYS. Results are presented through secondary flow streamline, velocity profile, and its effect on wall shear stress. Key findings are that secondary vortices are observed in the bifurcated model and counter-rotating vortices are observed in the wavy tube geometry. The velocity distribution is asymmetric in the case of the plain bifurcation geometry. In the case of the wavy tube and bifurcated geometry, there is a shift in peak velocity from the inner to the outer wall, depending on the crest and trough positions of the tortuous vein. Relative change in magnitude of velocity for wavy tube depends on the depth and pitch of wavy wall of the tortuous tube. The velocity reduces with an increase in time step for unsteady flow.

Testing an artificial intelligence algorithm to predict fetal heartbeat of vitrified-warmed blastocysts from a single image: predictive ability in different settings.

Could an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm predict fetal heartbeat from images of vitrified-warmed embryos? Applying AI to vitrified-warmed blastocysts may help predict which ones will result in implantation failure early enough to thaw another. The application of AI in the field of embryology has already proven effective in assessing the quality of fresh embryos. Therefore, it could also be useful to predict the outcome of frozen embryo transfers, some of which do not recover their pre-vitrification volume, collapse, or degenerate after warming without prior evidence. This retrospective cohort study included 1109 embryos from 792 patients. Of these, 568 were vitrified blastocysts cultured in time-lapse systems in the period between warming and transfer, from February 2022 to July 2023. The other 541 were fresh-transferred blastocysts serving as controls. Four types of time-lapse images were collected: last frame of development of 541 fresh-transferred blastocysts (FTi), last frame of 467 blastocysts to be vitrified (PVi), first frame post-warming of 568 vitrified embryos (PW1i), and last frame post-warming of 568 vitrified embryos (PW2i). After providing the images to the AI algorithm, the returned scores were compared with the conventional morphology and fetal heartbeat outcomes of the transferred embryos (n = 1098). The contribution of the AI score to fetal heartbeat was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression in different patient populations, and the predictive ability of the models was measured by calculating the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC). Fetal heartbeat rate was related to AI score from FTi (P < 0.001), PW1i (P < 0.05), and PW2i (P < 0.001) images. The contribution of AI score to fetal heartbeat was significant in the oocyte donation program for PW2i (odds ratio (OR)=1.13; 95% CI [1.04-1.23]; P < 0.01), and in cycles with autologous oocytes for PW1i (OR = 1.18; 95% CI [1.01-1.38]; P < 0.05) and PW2i (OR = 1.15; 95% CI [1.02-1.30]; P < 0.05), but was not significantly associated with fetal heartbeat in genetically analyzed embryos. AI scores from the four groups of images varied according to morphological category (P < 0.001). The PW2i score differed in collapsed, non-re-expanded, or non-viable embryos compared to normal/viable embryos (P < 0.001). The predictability of the AI score was optimal at a post-warming incubation time of 3.3-4 h (AUC = 0.673). The algorithm was designed to assess fresh embryos prior to vitrification, but not thawed ones, so this study should be considered an external trial. The application of predictive software in the management of frozen embryo transfers may be a useful tool for embryologists, reducing the cancellation rates of cycles in which the blastocyst does not recover from vitrification. Specifically, the algorithm tested in this research could be used to evaluate thawed embryos both in clinics with time-lapse systems and in those with conventional incubators only, as just a single photo is required. This study was supported by the Regional Ministry of Innovation, Universities, Science and Digital Society of the Valencian Community (CIACIF/2021/019) and by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI21/00283), and co-funded by European Union (ERDF, 'A way to make Europe'). M.M. received personal fees in the last 5 years as honoraria for lectures from Merck, Vitrolife, MSD, Ferring, AIVF, Theramex, Gedeon Richter, Genea Biomedx, and Life Whisperer. There are no other competing interests. N/A.

Flexible Near‐Infrared Organic Photodetectors With Ultralow Dark Current by Layer‐by‐Layer Blade Coating

AbstractNear‐infrared organic photodetector (NIR OPD) is promising for emerging wearable biosensing applications. However, their practical application is hindered by the high dark currents of devices that limit the detection of faint light. In this work, highly sensitive flexible NIR OPDs are presented with ultralow dark currents, fabricated using a layer‐by‐layer blade coating (LBL‐BC) technique. In the active layer, a fully fused‐ring molecule FM2, featuring a fixed molecular skeleton, is employed as an electron acceptor to reduce the trap density. The LBL‐BC method enhances the film order and phase purity of the active layer, significantly reduces the trap density of states, and optimizes the vertical phase separation structure of the thin film, thereby preventing reverse charge injection. As a result, a highly sensitive flexible NIR OPD is developed exhibiting an ultralow dark current density of 4.83 × 10−9 A cm−2 at −0.3 V bias and an extremely low noise current density of 7.65 × 10−15 A Hz−1/2 at 10 Hz, comparable to commercial silicon photodiodes. Furthermore, this flexible device is successfully applied for real‐time monitoring of human heartbeat rate, oxygen saturation, and motion recognition. These findings advance the development of highly sensitive NIR OPDs and their application in wearable biosensing technologies.

Caffeine Abstinence in Habituated Users: Cardiovascular Responses to Exercise With Blood Flow Restriction.

Blood flow restriction resistance exercise studies often require caffeine abstinence to avoid cardiovascular effects that could change the blood flow restriction stimulus. However, effects may be attenuated for habituated users. To compare cardiovascular responses to blood flow restriction resistance exercise when habituated users consume or abstain from caffeine. Thirty participants completed a 3-visit within-subject study beginning with familiarization and caffeine intake questionnaire. Visits 2 and 3 consisted of blood flow restriction resistance exercise (3 sets bicep curls to failure, 30% 1-repetition max, 40% arterial occlusion pressure [AOP]), following participants' normal caffeine consumption (CAFF) or abstaining (ABS). AOP, systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, and heart rate were measured preexercise and postexercise. Prevalues and preexercise to postexercise change scores for SBP, DBP, AOP (all millimeters of mercury), heart rate (in beats per minute), and repetitions were compared between conditions. Results are represented as mean (SD). Preexercise AOP was similar for CAFF (137.8 [14.4]) and ABS (137.1 [14.9], BF10 = 0.2), although pre-SBP was higher for CAFF (115.4 [9.8]) than ABS (112.3 [9.4], BF10 = 1.9). Pre-DBP was similar between conditions. The exercise-induced change in AOP was greater for CAFF (18.4 [11.2]) than ABS (13.2 [14.9]), though evidence was anecdotal (BF10 = 0.7). Exercise-induced changes in SBP, DBP, and heart rate were similar between conditions (all BF10 ≤ 0.40). More repetitions were completed for CAFF (63 [26]) than ABS (57 [17], BF10 = 2.1). The findings of this study suggest that for habituated users, maintaining daily caffeine habits will not have substantial effects on common cardiovascular variables relevant to blood flow restriction.

Fetal bradycardia in open versus fetoscopic prenatal repair of spina bifida.

To compare the occurrence of fetal bradycardia in open versus fetoscopic fetal spina bifida surgery. This is a single-institution retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing open (n=25) or fetoscopic (n=26) spina bifida repair between 2017 and 2022. From October 2017 to June 2020, spina bifida repairs were performed via an open classical hysterotomy, and from November 2020 to June 2022 fetoscopic repairs were performed following transition to this technique. Fetal heart rate (FHR) in beats per minute (bpm) was recorded via echocardiography every 15min during the procedure. Cohort characteristics, fetal bradycardia and maternal physiologic parameters were compared between the groups. Fetuses undergoing an open repair more frequently developed bradycardia defined as <110 bpm (32% vs. 3.8%, p=0.008), and a trend was observed for FHR decreases more than 25 bpm from baseline (20% vs. 3.8%, p=0.073). Profound bradycardia less than 80 bpm was rare, occurring in only three operations (two in open, one in fetoscopic repair) with two fetuses (one in each group) requiring emergency cesarean delivery. When compared to open fetal surgery, fetal bradycardia occurred less frequently in fetoscopic surgery despite a significantly greater anesthetic exposure and the use of the intraamniotic carbon dioxide insufflation.

P-150 Predicting fetal heartbeat in vitrified blastocysts through artificial intelligence analysis of post-warming images and videos

Abstract Study question Is it possible to predict the fetal heartbeat of frozen blastocysts from post-warming time-lapse images and videos captured with EmbryoScope? Summary answer A significant positive correlation was found between the score given by the artificial intelligence algorithm and the fetal heartbeat rate of the vitrified blastocysts analyzed. What is known already Vitrification is the safest and most successful technique for cryopreserving human embryos, although some of the best morphologically graded blastocysts before freezing do not recover properly when thawed, collapsing or failing to re-expand. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been applied on videos and images of fresh embryos at different stages, and also on images of vitrified-warmed embryos. However, a single image does not give information about events such as collapses or re-expansion rate. This study evaluated the ability of an AI software to predict the fetal heartbeat of vitrified blastocysts from images and videos taken in the post-warming period. Study design, size, duration This retrospective single-center study included a video of the period between thawing and transfer of 537 vitrified blastocysts, and the last image of that video of 518 blastocysts (Feb 2022-May 2023). All blastocysts were vitrified and warmed using the Cryotop method (Kitazato, Biopharma, Japan), and placed in EmbryoScope (Vitrolife, Denmark) time-lapse incubators for 2-5 hours to let them re-expand until embryo transfer. Warmed embryos were assessed by experienced embryologists according to the ASEBIR morphological criteria. Participants/materials, setting, methods Images and videos were provided to the algorithm (EMBRYOAID v1.0, MIM Fertility), which returned scores from 0 to 10. Multivariate logistic regression analysis included embryo score and confounders: patient age and body mass index, oocyte age, oocyte origin (autologous vs. donated) and handling (fresh vs. vitrified), day of blastulation (5 vs. 6), preimplantation genetic testing (PGT-A), and post-thaw incubation time. Model performance was calculated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). Main results and the role of chance The mean score was different between embryos with negative (5.9±1.2) and positive (6.3±1.2)* fetal heartbeat outcome. The contribution of each increased unit of algorithm score to the fetal heartbeat was significant in both imaging (OR = 1.36 [95%CI: 1.16-1.60]**) and video (OR = 1.29 [95%CI: 1.12-1.50]*). The score predicted fetal heartbeat with AUCs of 0.61 in images and 0.60 in videos, and it performed better than the ASEBIR conventional morphology, which achieved an AUC of 0.58. The algorithm performance was higher in embryos not subjected to PGT-A (AUC=0.62) in images (n = 418) and videos (n = 435). Fetal heartbeat prediction was optimal in images of non-PGT-A embryos taken between 3.3-4h of post-warming incubation (n = 107) (OR = 1.76 [1.22-2.55]*), reaching an AUC of 0.74. In videos, the optimal prediction in non-PGT-A embryos was at 3.3-4.1h (n = 126) (OR = 1.93 [1.36-2.74]*), with an AUC of 0.69. 9.9% of the embryos collapsed and/or did not re-expand after thawing. These damaged embryos had an implantation rate of 15.2%, lower than the rest (46.8%**). Mean score differed between poor prognostic and normal embryos, both in images (4.8±1.1 vs. 6.1±1.1**) and videos (4.9±1.1 vs. 6.2±1.2**). Embryo score was related to the odds of collapse/non-re-expansion in images (OR = 3.07 [2.20-4.29]**) and videos (OR = 2.94 [2.13-4.05]**), with an AUC=0.81 *P&amp;lt;0.01, **P&amp;lt;0.001. Limitations, reasons for caution The algorithm tested in this study was developed externally. It was designed to evaluate videos of fresh embryo development and images at 120 h post-ICSI, but not post-thaw videos and images at days 5 and 6. The developers did not have access to any data or labels from our clinic. Wider implications of the findings Algorithm scoring on videos and images was related to fetal heartbeat rate and to collapse/non-re-expansion of vitrified blastocysts. Fetal heartbeat prediction performance reached 74% in images of non-PGT-A embryos taken at 3.3-4h post-warming. The application of predictive models in vitrified cycles may facilitate the choice of the best frozen embryo. Trial registration number Not applicable

The Impact of Ventilation System Type on the Microclimate of Boar's Pen and Their Clinical Triad Parameters

The purpose of the study was the impact of different types of ventilation systems in boar`s pen on the microclimate and their physiological parameters. The control group of boars was kept in a house with a transverse ventilation system, and the animals of the experimental group were kept in a geothermal air supply. It was found that, regardless of the season, transverse ventilation provides a significantly higher air velocity and relative humidity: in Winter - 0.15 m s–1 and 5.4%; in Spring - 0.35 m s–1 and 5.3%; in Summer - 0.41 m s–1 and 0.7%; in Autumn - 0.28 m s–1 and 8.1%. Maintaining a stable temperature by the normative values in the boar housing was due to geothermal ventilation, regardless of the season, especially the "basement effect" was observed in the summer months, where the air temperature was cooled to 4.5°C (P &amp;lt; 0.001), compared to the transverse ventilation system. Compared with the boars in the experimental group, under the influence of the temperature increase in Summer, the boars in the control group increased significantly the respiratory rate to 50.9 ppm (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and heartbeat rate of 45.7 ppm (P &amp;lt; 0.001). An increase in rectal temperature in boars at elevated ambient temperature under both air ventilation systems was not found. The obtained results make it possible to introduce the use of cost-effective geothermal air supply technology in pig farms to harmonize the physiological parameters of boars to meet their biological needs, even in closed housing to improve their welfare.

Local thermal adaption mediates the sensitivity of Daphnia magna to nanoplastics under global warming scenarios

The toxicity of nanoplastics at environmentally relevant concentrations has received widespread attention in the context of global warming. Despite numerous studies on the impact of mean temperature (MT), the effects of daily temperature fluctuations (DTFs) on the ecotoxicity of nanoplastics remains largely unexplored. Moreover, the role of evolutionary adaptation in assessing long-term ecological risks is unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of polystyrene nanoplastics (5 μg L-1) on Daphnia magna under varying MT (20 °C and 24 °C) and DTFs (0 °C, 5 °C, and 10 °C). Capitalizing on a space-for-time substitution approach, we further assessed how local thermal adaptation affect the sensitivity of Daphnia to nanoplastics under global warming. Our results indicated that nanoplastics exposure in general reduced heartbeat rate, thoracic limb activity and feeding rate, and increased CytP450, ETS activity and Hgb concentrations. Higher MT and DTFs enhanced these effects. Notably, clones originating from their respective sites performed better under their native temperature conditions, indicating local thermal adaptation. Warm-adapted low-latitude D. magna showed stronger nanoplastics-induced increases in CytP450, ETS activity and Hgb concentrations under local MT 24 °C, while cold-adapted high-latitude D. magna showed stronger nanoplastics-induced decreases in heartbeat rate, thoracic limb activity and feeding rate under high MT than under low MT.

Thermal tolerance, development, and physiological impacts of climate warming on zoea larvae of brachyuran crabs

Predicted effects of increasing ocean temperatures, due anthropogenic climate change, might be more challenging for early life history stages owing to reduced thermal tolerance. Thus, determining species responses to the projected climate warming conditions on marine ecosystems is essential to access their vulnerability. Here, we experimentally evaluated the effect of increased temperature on larval survival, development time and metabolic responses of two intertidal crab species (Menippe nodifrons and Ucides cordatus). The metabolic rate (measured as oxygen consumption), ammonia excretion and heartbeat rates were measured in standard fashion way, while the coefficient of temperature was obtained as a measure of organism's sensitivity to temperature increase. Critical thermal maximum and minimum, and thermal safety margins were also obtained. The results indicate a decrease in survival probability and development time for both species, from zoea I to zoea III stage, which was seen in higher extent to larvae of M. nodifrons. There is no significant effect of temperature increase on heartbeats and ammonia excretion rates to both species; however, increases in temperature had a differential effect on metabolic responses of two species. In addition, the critical thermal limits for the larval phase were described for the first time, suggesting that larvae of M. nodifrons are more vulnerable and have lower acclimation capacity to warming waters. Although a high sensitivity in metabolism was seen in U. cordatus, this species demonstrates higher thermal tolerance accompanied by a greater physiological plasticity. Our data emphasize that warming of coastal waters may reduce the larval survival and development time of both species, which can potentially impact its distribution and population size.

Low frequency oscillations reflect neurovascular coupling and disappear after cerebral death

Spectrum power analysis in the low frequency oscillations (LFO) region of functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a promising method to deliver information about brain activation and therefore might be used for prognostication in patients with disorders of consciousness in the neurocritical care unit alongside with established methods. In this study, we measure the cortical hemodynamic response measured by fNIRS in the LFO region following auditory and somatosensory stimulation in healthy subjects. The significant hemodynamic reaction in the contralateral hemisphere correlation with the physiologic electric response suggests neurovascular coupling. In addition, we investigate power spectrum changes in steady state measurements of cerebral death patients and healthy subjects in the LFO region, the frequency of the heartbeat and respiration. The spectral power within the LFO region was lower in the patients with cerebral death compared to the healthy subjects, whereas there were no differences in spectral power for physiological activities such as heartbeat and respiration rate. This finding indicates the cerebral origin of our low frequency measurements. Therefore, LFO measurements are a potential method to detect brain activation in patients with disorders of consciousness and cerebral death. However, further studies in patients are needed to investigate its potential clinical use.

Health CNN-SMO: To Secure and Enhance the Medical Healthcare System by using Convolution Neural Network

Now a day machine learning &amp; deep learning and artificial intelligence has major important impact on the medical healthcare and pharma industry. Which useful for identifying, monitoring and treatment of the concern medical patients. By activating the diagnosis, individual therapies, this technical methodology is significantly improvising healthcare research methodology and outcome. An improvising trend in most famous culture and traditional healthcare involves remote monitoring of patient’s health. Now a day most of the people are using advance smart devices like smart watches to track the fitness trackers, blood oxygen levels, heartbeat rate variability using different optimization and classification techniques. To collect and aggregates patients’ health information or data from the different healthcare hospitals, healthcare-based research Centre, and healthcare smart devices users a fog computing and edge computing model that are going to implemented to enhance the early prediction of the deceases. To request and reply system series is provided by our research model to obtain and analyses medical based patients data remotely by the patient’s doctors and physician.

Toxicity of water-soluble polymers polyethylene glycol and polyvinyl alcohol for fish and frog embryos

Personal Care Products (PCPs) have been one of the most studied chemicals in the last twenty years since they were identified as pseudo-persistent pollutants by the European Union in the early 2000s. The accumulation of PCPs in the aquatic environment and their effects on non-target species make it necessary to find new, less harmful, substances. Polyethylene glycol (PEGs) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVAs) are two polymers that have increased their presence in the composition of PCPs in recent years, but little is known about the effect of their accumulation in the environment on non-target species. Through embryotoxicity tests on two common models of aquatic organisms (Danio rerio and Xenopus laevis), this work aims to increase the knowledge of PEGs and PVAs' effects on non-target species. Animals were exposed to the pollutant for 96 h. The main embryotoxicity endpoint (mortality, hatching, malformations, heartbeat rate) was recorded every 24 h. The most significant results were hatching delay in Danio rerio exposed to both chemicals, in malformations (oedema, body malformations, changes in pigmentation and deformations of spine and tail) in D. rerio and X. laevis and significant change in the heartbeat rate (decrease or increase in the rate) in both animals for all chemicals tested.

Vital Sign Monitoring in Dynamic Environment via mmWave Radar and Camera Fusion

Contact-free vital sign monitoring, which uses wireless signals for recognizing human vital signs (i.e, breath and heartbeat), is an attractive solution to health and security. However, the subject's body movement and the change in actual environments can result in inaccurate frequency estimation of heartbeat and respiratory. In this paper, we propose a robust mmWave radar and camera fusion system for monitoring vital signs, which can perform consistently well in dynamic scenarios, e.g., when some people move around the subject to be tracked, or a subject waves his/her arms and marches on the spot. Three major processing modules are developed in the system, to enable robust sensing. Firstly, we utilize a camera to assist a mmWave radar to accurately localize the subjects of interest. Secondly, we exploit the calculated subject position to form transmitting and receiving beamformers, which can improve the reflected power from the targets and weaken the impact of dynamic interference. Thirdly, we propose a weighted multi-channel Variational Mode Decomposition (WMC-VMD) algorithm to separate the weak vital sign signals from the dynamic ones due to subject's body movement. Experimental results show that, the 90 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${^{th}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> percentile errors in respiration rate (RR) and heartbeat rate (HR) are less than 0.5 RPM (respirations per minute) and 6 BPM (beats per minute), respectively.

Cardiovascular Autonomic Control During Hibernation in American Black Bears

The dramatic early decrease in HR upon entry into torpor in small hibernators has recently been shown to be associated with a marked increase in cardiac parasympathetic activity as indicated by increased short term beat to beat heart rate variability (RMSSD) normalized to average R-R interval (RMDSSD/RR, Zanetti et al 2023). At steady state torpor, as their body temperature drop to ~2°C, small hibernators benefit from the Q10 effect on cardiac pacemaker cells in maintaining a low HR with a reduced parasympathetic activity. Black bears in hibernation maintain body temperatures between 30-35°C while suppressing metabolism by 75% and with a marked decrease in HR from non-hibernating 55 bpm to hibernating 6-12 bpm including extreme respiratory sinus arrhythmia (Tøien et al 2011). As hibernating bears would not significantly benefit from the Q10 effect on cardiac pacemaker cells to sustain a low HR, we hypothesized that an elevated cardiac parasympathetic tone is needed to suppress HR. Continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) and blood pressure (BP) were recorded with implantable telemetry transmitters (DSI D70-CCP/EET and Konigsberg T28F-14B) in American black bears. A Pan-Tomkins algorithm modified for R-wave detection with long R-R intervals followed by visual inspection was used for the analysis. RMDSSD/RR for a 2 hour period in mid hibernation with no activity was 3 times higher than that during the resting phase in non-hibernation (0.68 vs. 0.23, n=10 and 7 respectively, p&lt;0.001), confirming the presence of a high parasympathetic tone during hibernation. HR decreased from 68.3 ± 5.8 bpm to 12.9 ± 0.9 bpm (±SE, p&lt;0.0001). RMSSD/RR during a 10 min period recovering from anesthesia (Telazol with supplemental Ketamin) during hibernation in mid March was only 0.019 ± 0.008 vs 0.58 ± 0.14 during a 10 min period before disturbance to induce anesthesia and HR 87.0 ± 8.7 b/min vs. 16.3 ± 1.4 b/min, demonstrating a parasympatholytic effect (n=6, p&lt; 0.0006). The longest R-R intervals during extreme sinus arrhythmia detected in mid hibernation ranged from 11.8 to 33.0 s (Mean 19.0 ± 2.7, n=21). BP typically increased to above 200 mmHg during periods of rapid heart beats, and decayed slowly to 50-60 mmHg at the end of the longest R-R intervals. Analysis of data from a single bear from 2 hour periods at 2 week intervals throughout hibernation and recovery indicates that a high parasympathetic activity is maintained throughout hibernation and strongly correlated to the maximum observed R-R interval. We conclude that opposed to small hibernators, hibernating bears sustain low HR in hibernation with high parasympathetic activity controlling the extreme sinus arrhythmia. We suggest that BP is maintained during long R-R intervals by peripheral vasoconstriction. Supported by NIH COBRE grant number [P20GM130443]. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Hand grab or noose pole? Evaluating the least stressful practice for capture of endangered Turks and Caicos Rock Iguanas Cyclura carinata.

As the analysis of blood metabolites has become more readily accessible thanks to the use of point-of-care analyzers, it is now possible to evaluate stress level of wild animals directly in the field. Lactate is receiving much attention as a good stress level proxy in individuals subjected to capture, manual restraint, and data sampling in the wild, and appropriate protocols to maintain lactate values low should be preferred. In this study we compare how two different capture methodologies, hand grab vs. noose pole, affect the variation of blood lactate values in Cyclura carinata iguanas when captured for sampling. We used blood lactate concentration, measured immediately upon- and 15 min after-capture, as a proxy for stress level. While the primary goal of this work is to determine the least stressful capture methodology to be favored when sampling this and other wild iguanas, we also evaluated additional baseline physiological parameters relevant to the health and disease monitoring for this species. Our results show that while initial lactate values level-out in sampled individuals after 15 min in captivity, regardless of the capture methodology, rock iguanas captured by noose pole showed significantly higher lactate concentration and increased heartbeat rate immediately after capture. While the overall health evaluation determined that all analyzed individuals were in good health, based on our results we recommend that, when possible, hand capture should be preferred over noose pole when sampling wild individuals.

Design and Production of Heartbeat Counter for Medical Application

Heartbeat pulse measurement is an important medical practice used to determine the health status of an individual. This research was concerned on the design and production of heartbeat pulse counter for medical applications with specific features. The device senses and monitors the heartbeat rate whenever a fingertip is placed on the pulse sensor, the pulse sensor is a plug and play device which is detachable from the Arduino Uno board, the Arduino Uno receives and calculates this data and the result displayed on the 16X2 LCD display based on the written codes. It has the features for initial display, showing system on and when a finger is placed, it readily displays heartbeat rate detected and presents the pulse rate of the individual. Its design and production was achieved and used to test the heartbeat of many persons. Further work is required to incorporate GSM module with the capability of sending text message and cloud hosting of the medical data of an individual.