Cattle Heart Research Articles

Sarcocystis in Man: a Review and Report of Five Cases *

Sarcocystis was identified in biopsy specimens of skeletal muscle from two adults in Singapore and one in Bombay, and in muscle obtained at autopsy from an adult in Uganda, and in the heart of a child in Costa Rica. Review of case reports revealed that in seven reported cases, including three reported by Lindemann, non-parasite objects were misinterpreted as sarcocysts; in four instances organisms of undetermined classification were described, and in 35 cases true sarcocysts were observed. Among the sarcocysts seen in the 40 cases (35 old, 5 new), seven morphological types were recognized, each representing one to several different species, all of which are zoonotic and none of which can be designated Sarcocystis lindemanni. Among the four types of sarcocysts found in skeletal muscle, three closely resembled a corresponding species found commonly in monkeys: one from a man in Uganda corresponding to a species in Ceropithicus talapoin, forms from India resembling one or two species in Macaca mulatta, and forms from Southeast Asia resembling a species in Macaca fascicularis. Among three types of sarcocysts found in the human heart, one resembled a species commonly seen in the heart of cattle. Of the 40 Sarcocystis infections in man, 13 probably were acquired in Southeast Asia, 8 in India, 5 in Central or South America, 4 each in Africa and Europe, 3 in USA, 1 IN China and 2 in unknown localities. Associated conditions include muscle soreness or weakness in 7 cases, subcutaneous swellings in 5, eosinophilia in 2, and periarteritis or polyarteritis nodosa in 2 cases. However, evidence of pathogenicity of the mature sarcocyst is inconclusive.

Microspectrophotometric quantitation of the diaminobenzidine reaction for histochemical demonstration of cytochrome oxidase activity.

Polyacrylamide models in which an extract of cattle heart mitochondria was incorporated, as well as cryostat sections of tongue muscle and epithelium, were used to set up the conditions under which the histochemical reaction for the demonstration of cytochrome oxidase can be quantitated. Using diaminobenzidine in a concentration of 5.5 mM, cytochrome C in a fixed concentration of 76 micron and keeping the incubation medium away from direct light action, enzyme activity can be evaluated by means of direct microphotometry on tissue sections. Each biologic model requires previous individual determination of the measurement limits. These limits can be readily established by using a small chamber for the incubation medium, which can be placed in the microphotometer, allowing the reaction rate to be following using a single section.

Blood cysts of the cardiac valves of calves and cattle.

The incidence of blood-filled cysts in the valvular cusps of a large series of calf and cattle hearts has been investigated and the results have been compared with previous reports. Two distinct types of cyst were discovered. One variety is common, being small, often multiple, unilocular, and situated at the closing edge of the valves. The other type is comparatively rare and is large and solitary. It lies near the base of the valve and is multilocular. The possible aetiology of these different lesions is evaluated.

Gross Anatomy of The Aortic Valve of Indigenous Cattle (<i>Bos indicus</i>) of Bangladesh

The present research work was carried out to study the gross anatomy of the aortic heart valve of indigenous cattle (Bos indicus) for future bioprosthetic use in human in the Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from January to December 2004. A total of 32 (thirty two) aortic heart valves of cattle were fixed in 10% formalin for the present study. The components of the aortic valve studied were the aortic leaflets, sinuses, interleaflet (in between the cusps) triangles, aortic root, annulus and ossa cordis. In the present study, the aortic valve leaflets or cusps of the cattle heart were semilunar in shape and three in number e.g. right coronary, left coronary and noncoronary cusp. Each leaflet of the valve had a central lamina fibrosa at their free margin. The lamina fibrosa was most of the thickened part of the cusps in the mid point of the lunula, which forms the fibrous nodules, or corpus arantii of each leaflet. When the valve was closed, the three nodules meet centrally. The leaflets were thicker than those of the pulmonary valve and were attached to the ventricular myocardium by aortic annulus.The aortic root of bovine heart contained the three cusps, sinotubular junction, vulsalva's sinuses, commissures and interleaflet triangles. The left and right coronary arteries were emerged from the left and the right coronary ostium located in the aortic or vulsalva's sinuses of aortic valve respectively. The annulus in the cattle heart had three arches, e.g. anterior arch, left arch and right arch. The findings of the present research work revealed the similarities of the anatomical structures of the aortic valve cusps of the cattle heart as compared with other animals and human being. The variation was only the presence of ossa cordis in cattle species in the present study. Key words: Gross anatomy, aortic valve, heart, indigenous cattle doi:10.3329/bjvm.v4i1.1522 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2006). 4 (1): 31-37

Study on the Ventricular Activation of the Heart of Cattle and Goat

(1) Multiple chest, esophageal, intracardiac leads and direct epicardial leads were taken in cattle and goats to study the mode of ventricular activation of ungulates.(2) There was little difference between cattle and goat in these special leads.(3) In direct epicardial leads the area showing QS pattern was invariably observed, and in the intraventricular tracings, QS, rS and RS patterns were noted.(4) From the findings in direct epicardial leads and intraventricular leads, it was assumed that the ventricular activation, as a whole, was directed from apex to base, though transmural activation might play a role at least in some regions of ventricular wall. This assumption could explain well the findings of multiple chest leads and esophageal leads.

Effect of Dietary Protein Level on Several Oxidative Enzymes of the Heart, Muscle and Liver of Cattle

Effect of Dietary Protein Level on Several Oxidative Enzymes of the Heart, Muscle and Liver of Cattle