Results Of Hearing Screening Research Articles

Gestational diabetes mellitus and the hearing of newborns:A nested case-control study in tropical province of China

ObjectiveThis study aims to determine the association of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the results of newborn hearing screening(NHS). MethodsA nested case-control study was conducted in a cohort of newborns who were born between June 2021 to December 2021 and underwent neonatal hearing screening.GDM was diagnosed according to the 75 g 2 h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 24–28 gestational weeks.A total of 369 pregnant women at the same hospital were individually matched in a 1:2 ratio by maternal age (±2 years), gestational age (±3 days) and sex of newborn.Chi-square test was utilized to evaluate associations between GDM and the results of NHS. ResultsAbnormal NHS results in the GDM group was more frequent than non-GDM group.When comparing the two groups (GDM case and contol), we found significant differences (p < 0.05) between them.Whereas the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05) by delivery modes in both case and control groups. ConclusionMaternal history of GDM could lead to significantly higher failling rate of NHS.

In Vitro Fertilization and Hearing Impairment in Twins.

This study investigates the potential correlation between in vitro fertilization (IVF) and hearing impairment in twins compared to naturally conceived twins. Analyzing data from 2416 twin infants born between 2019 and 2021. Analyze the pregnancy conditions and complications of mothers, the birth conditions of newborns, perinatal diseases, initial hearing screening results, and subsequent follow-up conditions. Our findings reveal that the incidence of hearing impairment in IVF-conceived twins is comparable to that in naturally conceived twins. Significant differences in low birth weight, preterm birth, respiratory distress syndrome, and hyperbilirubinemia were observed between infants who passed and referred the hearing screening (P ＜ 0.05). The IVF group exhibited a lower incidence of low birth weight (P < 0.05) and older maternal age (P < 0.05), while showing higher rates of placental abnormalities and placental abruption (P < 0.05). Notably, these distinctions did not translate into a significant impact on hearing impairment. Regardless of the method of conception, the following key factors contributing to hearing impairment in twins were identified: low birth weight, preterm birth, respiratory distress syndrome, and hyperbilirubinemia. IVF technology does not exert specific effects on hearing impairment in twins, with perinatal complications being the primary influencing factors.

Impact of national health insurance and socioeconomic disparities on newborn hearing screening performance in South Korea: A nationwide population-based evaluation

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the impact of national health insurance coverage on newborn hearing screening (NHS) outcomes by analyzing hearing questionnaires from the National Infant Health Check-up Program (NIHCP) in South Korea. MethodsThis study evaluated the performance and referral rates of NHS using nationwide data from 814,875 infants enrolled in the 4-month NIHCP from January 2017 to December 2019. This period encompasses the periods before and after the National Health Insurance in South Korea began covering NHS expenses in October 2018. The study also investigated household income levels to determine their relationship with participation in the NIHCP and NHS outcomes. ResultsThe performance of NIHCP increased year-on-year, with NHS performance rates increasing from 88.5 % in 2017 to 91.5 % in 2019. Analysis by household income level revealed that the medical benefit recipients’ group had the lowest NHS performance rate of 81.9 % in 2019, whereas that of the higher income level group exceeded 90 %. The NHS referral rate remained consistent at 0.9 % nationally during the study period. ConclusionThe inclusion of NHS in national insurance coverage positively influenced its performance rates across South Korea. Nevertheless, the data indicate the need for more focused and customized support for low-income families to enhance early hearing detection and interventions in newborns and infants.

Geographic, Sociodemographic, and Clinical Factors Associated With Parental Self-Efficacy in Pediatric Patients With Hearing Loss.

To identify geographic, sociodemographic, and clinical factors associated with parental self-efficacy in a diverse cohort of deaf or hard-of-hearing (DHH) children. Cross-sectional study. Tertiary children's hospital. Four hundred forty parents of DHH children aged 0 to 17 completed the 25-item Scale of Parental Involvement and Self-Efficacy (SPISE) survey from 2014 to 2022. Residential addresses were geocoded and assigned Area Deprivation Index and Social Vulnerability Index rankings, and univariable and multivariable analyses were conducted using sociodemographic and clinical variables, including sex, race/ethnicity, insurance type, survey language, age at the survey, comorbidities, newborn hearing screening results, and hearing loss laterality and severity. Compared to English and Spanish-speaking parents, Chinese-speaking parents were associated with overall lower parental self-efficacy and involvement (regression coefficient = -0.518, [-0.929, -0.106]), Cohen's d = 0.606) and lower scores on items related to their ability to affect multiple aspects of their child's development and expression of thoughts as well as competency in checking and putting on their child's sensory device. Across univariable and multivariable analyses, besides Chinese language, all other sociodemographic, clinical, and geographic variables were not associated with SPISE score. To achieve the best patient outcomes, care teams can use the SPISE to evaluate parental self-efficacy and provide targeted support to parents at risk for having lower knowledge and confidence scores about critical skills necessary to facilitate their child's auditory access and language development. Notably, this study found similar reports of parental efficacy across various sociodemographic, clinical, and geographic variables but significantly lower SPISE scores in Chinese-speaking families.

Effects of Natural Delivery and Cesarean Section on the Result of First Hearing Screening of Newborns.

Early detection and intervention of hearing issues in newborns are crucial for their auditory and speech development, necessitating newborn hearing screenings. This study aimed to investigate the impact of delivery methods, specifically natural delivery and cesarean section, on newborn hearing screening outcomes. A retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 600 newborns delivered at The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoyang University between January 2020 and January 2023. The initial hearing screenings used the AccuScreen otoacoustic emission instrument. The study examined the influence of delivery method on the pass rates of newborns' first hearing screenings within and beyond 48 h postbirth. The pass rates for the initial hearing screenings, conducted within and after 48 h of birth, were significantly higher in the natural delivery group compared to the cesarean section group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, multivariate analysis identified the delivery method as a significant factor influencing the pass rates of newborns' first hearing screenings. The mode of delivery appears to affect the results of the initial hearing screenings of newborns, though further research is needed to validate these findings.

Newborn Hearing Screening Results for Infants With Prenatal Opioid Exposure in Southern Appalachia.

Infants prenatally exposed to opioids exhibit withdrawal symptomology that introduce physiological noise and can impact newborn hearing screening results. This study compared the referral rate and physiological noise interpreted by number of trials rejected due to artifact on initial newborn hearing screenings of infants with prenatal opioid exposure (POE) and infants with no opioid exposure (NOE). Furthermore, within the POE group, it examined the relationship of referral rates with severity of withdrawal symptomology, and with maternal and infant risk factors. This study used a retrospective cohort design of electronic medical records from six delivery hospitals in South-Central Appalachia. Newborn hearing screenings were conducted using automated auditory brainstem response (ABR) for 334 infants with POE and 226 infants with NOE. Severity of withdrawal symptomology was measured using the Modified Finnegan Neonatal Abstinence Scoring Tool, which includes observation of behaviors that introduce physiological noise. There was no significant difference in newborn hearing screening referral rate between infants with POE and infants with NOE. Referral rate was not affected by maternal or infant risk factors. Infants with POE had statistically significant higher artifact (defined as rejected ABR sweeps) than infants with NOE. There was a strong positive correlation between Finnegan scores and artifact but not referral rates. Sensitivity and specificity analysis indicated artifact decreased substantially after Day 4 of life. Referral rates of infants with POE were similar to those of infants with NOE. Nevertheless, the withdrawal symptomology of infants with POE introduces physiological noise reflected as artifact on ABR, which can affect efficiency of newborn hearing screenings.

Evaluation of newborn hearing screening results of infants with phenylketonuria

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is comparing the newborn hearing screening failure rate between phenylketonuria (PKU) infants and matched healthy control infants. Patients and methodsBetween April 2021 and April 2023, data obtained from the national newborn hearing screening program were examined for patients who presented to the pediatric metabolism clinic of Konya City Hospital with a clinical and genetic diagnosis of PKU. A healthy control group, matched for age and gender, was established. The newborn hearing screening test results, demographic information, and pregnancy data of infants with PKU and the control group were compared to assess risk factors. ResultsIn the initial screening test, 23 out of 73 PKU infants (31.5%) and 12 out of 73 infants in the control group (16.4%) failed the test (p = 0.033). Among the 23 PKU infants who did not pass the first test, 9 (35%) also failed the second test and were referred. In contrast, all 12 infants in the control group who did not pass the first test passed the second test. The failure rate in the second test was significantly higher in PKU infants compared to the control group (p = 0.003). It was observed that the maternal age of PKU infants who underwent the second test was significantly higher than that of the control group (p < 0.029). Diagnostic hearing test results were found to be normal in all nine PKU patients who failed the secondary screening test and were referred to a tertiary center. ConclusionIn our study, it was determined that infants with phenylketonuria (PKU) who did not have any risk factors for hearing loss failed the hearing screening test significantly more than healthy infants.

Our results of hearing screening in newborns

Objectives: The newborn hearing screening test results with the automated auditory brainstem responses (AABR) test in our hospital was discussed in the light of current literature. Patients and Methods: The data of 379 newborn babies (202 boys, 177 girls) who underwent AABR test as a newborn hearing screening test between September 1, 2020, and September 1, 2021, were retrospectively scanned through hospital records, and the results were analyzed. Results: Fifty babies could not pass the first test. One baby did not come to the second test, and the family could not be reached. Three out of 49 babies failed the second test and were referred to the reference center. Although 28 babies passed the first or second test, they were referred to the reference center since they had risk factors. Conclusion: Hearing loss of newborn babies should be diagnosed in the first three months, necessary intervention should be made within six months, and both fitting aids and training should be started. Increasing the number of reference centers and the development of follow-up systems that provide feedback from referred patients will make screening programs more successful.

Does newborn hearing screening cause anxiety among mothers? A cross-sectional study from a tertiary hospital in Malaysia

BackgroundThe universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) has effectively allowed babies with hearing loss to be detected early. However, findings from previous studies indicate that this procedure may adversely induce anxiety among mothers. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate anxiety among mothers whose babies received a hearing screening at a tertiary hospital in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 105 mothers from a tertiary hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Two questionnaires, the Infant Health Concern Scale (IHCS) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), were used to measure the mothers’ worry level on a 4-point Likert scale. Mothers were required to complete the questionnaires twice, before and 4 weeks after discharge, regardless of the hearing screening results.ResultsThe STAI scores obtained from mothers whose babies failed the initial screening were significantly higher than mothers whose babies passed. During the initial screening, all mothers rated hearing as the sixth health aspect causing anxiety using the IHCS. However, the ranking fell to 15th place after the second screening. Similarly, mothers whose babies had false positive results also exhibited significantly higher STAI scores and a dropped hearing ranking during rescreening than the initial screening. In addition, mother’s anxiety was not significantly correlated with their education level, family income, or number of births.ConclusionMothers who participated in this study experienced anxiety regardless of their babies hearing screening results. Therefore, the UNHS program must be reviewed to identify appropriate strategies to minimize this negative emotion among mothers.

The Effects of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Epidemic on the Applicability and Results of Neonatal Hearing Screening

The Effects of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Epidemic on the Applicability and Results of Neonatal Hearing Screening

Modified universal new-born hearing screening: Practical approach for developing world (Georgean experience).

Analysis of newborn hearing screening (NBS) outcomes and proposing a modified strategy for better performance of NBS in developing world. Descriptive (retrospective and prospective) study. A total of 8412 newborns/neonates were subjected to risk factor assessment followed by a set of subjective (behavioral audiometry: BoA) and objective (OAE: otoacoustic emissions, ABR: auditory brainstem-evoked responses) hearing-screening in different combinations. DPOAE (primary objective tool) was undertaken in 2565 cases. Predictive value of risk factors on deafness was statistically analysed along with affectivity of objective, subjective and questionnaire-based screening tools. Amongst 8412 babies, 45.5% were 'at risk' (major 36.41%, minor 9.17%). The OAE was abnormal in 299 cases (11.6% of 2565 & 3.5% in 8412). The abnormal OAE rate in prospective cases was 3.5% while in retrospective cases that underwent initial screening with BoA was 41%. A significant correlation was seen with consanguinity, high blood pressure, NICU stay>5 days, low birth weight, neonatal jaundice, delayed birth cry, pre-mature status, birth asphyxia and maternal excessive vomiting, while regression models of OAE outcome (sensitivity 99%, accuracy 89%) revealed highest predictive value for the initial 3 factors. BoA-screening revealed a sensitivity of 72.6%, and negative predictive value of 42.4%. Also a perfect correlation was evident between OAE-ABR, OAE-BoA and ABR-BoA. A subjective NBS screening through questionnaire-based-risk-assessment and modified-BoA followed by selective referral for objective assessment is more practical and focussed approach for poor resourced countries that is likely to screen a larger population.

Newborn Hearing Screening and Beyond: A Continuing Journey in the Philippines

Newborn Hearing Screening and Beyond: A Continuing Journey in the Philippines

Disparities in Newborn Hearing Screening Outcomes in the United StatesFrom 2007 to 2017.

Establishing timely language intervention for children who are deaf or hard of hearing is crucial for their cognitive and language development. Newborn hearing screening (NBHS) programs are now commonplace, but disparities in receipt of support may exist. This study seeks to investigate if states with more diverse populations, less educated mothers, fewer resources, and no legislative mandate of screening have lower rates of milestone completion. This is a cross-sectional study. Data describing screening, identification, and intervention rates from individual state NBHS programs were aggregated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 2007 to 2017. Regression models were fitted to assess associations between these outcomes and state demographic and policy variables. Forest plots from meta-analyses were used to obtain nationwide pooled estimates of the relative risk (RR) of maternal predictors from individual state data. State averages of maternal education level, age, and race/ethnicity were found to be significantly associated with various outcomes. The presence of program funding and legislative state mandate were associated with multiple improved outcomes. Meta-analyses identified increased RRs for most outcomes based on maternal education less than high school, age 19 and below, and non-White race/ethnicity. There is evidence of disparities in access to and timing of screening, identification testing, and intervention by various demographic and policy factors at the state level. More research is needed to further explore these relationships and determine how to address existing disparities in order to provide more equitable care.

Gebelikte covid-19 hastalığının yenidoğan tarama ABR sonuçlarına etkisi

Objective: In our study, it was aimed to compare the newborn screening ABR (Auditory Brainstem Responses, AABR) results of babies of mothers who had COVID-19 disease during pregnancy and babies of mothers who did not have COVID-19 disease.&#x0D; &#x0D; Methods: Newborns who underwent hearing screening tests in …. Hospital Audiology Unit between April 2019 and September 2021 were included in the study, and newborns whose mothers had COVID-19 disease during pregnancy were called Group 1, and those who did not have were called Group 2. Statistical difference was studied by comparing these two groups by their birth weight, week of birth, type of delivery, first hearing test result, and referral to a reference center.&#x0D; &#x0D; Results: A total of 746 newborn babies, 472/746 (63.3%) female and 274/746 (36.7%) males, were included in our study. There were 202/746 (27.1%) newborns in Group 1 and 544/746 (72.9%) newborns in Group 2. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of testing age (p&gt;0.05). When the right and left ears were evaluated separately in two groups in terms of passing the first test; no statistically significant difference was found in terms of passing the hearing test for the right and left ears, respectively (p=0.234, p=0.15). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of birth weight and referral to a reference center (p&gt;0.05), (p=0.775). &#x0D; &#x0D; Conclusion: The COVID-19 disease of the mother during pregnancy does not affect the newborn hearing screening results.

Influencia del pH de cordón umbilical en el resultado del cribado auditivo con otoemisiones en recién nacidos sanos

ObjectiveThe effect of hypoxia on the functioning of the outer hair cells of the cochlea, which are responsible for the response to otoemissions used in neonatal hearing screening, is well known.The aim of this study is to determine the influence of mild to moderate variations in umbilical cord pH at birth on the outcome of hearing screening with otoemissions in healthy newborns without hearing risk factors. ResultsThe sample is composed of 4536 healthy infants. The results show no significant differences in the hearing screening outcome between the asphyctic (<7.20) and normal pH group. Nor is a figure below 7.20 detected in the sample that is related to an alteration in the screening.When broken down into subgroups with known factors of variation in the screening result, such as gender or lactation, no significant differences in response were detected.Apgar ≤ 7 is significantly related to pH<7.20. ConclusionsIn conclusion, mild-moderate asphyxia associated with delivery of healthy newborns, without auditory risk factors, does not alter the outcome of otoemission screening.

Results of combined newborn hearing and deafness gene screening in Yuncheng area of Shanxi Province

To analyze the clinical significance of combined newborn hearing and deafness gene screening in Yuncheng area of Shanxi Province. Results of audiological examinations, including transient evoked otoacoustic emission and automatic discriminative auditory brainstem evoked potentials, for 6 723 newborns born in Yuncheng area from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021, were retrospectively analyzed. Those who failed one of the tests were considered to have failed the examination. A deafness-related gene testing kit was used to detect 15 hot spot variants of common deafness-associated genes in China including GJB2, SLC26A4, GJB3, and mtDNA12S rRNA. Neonates who had passed the audiological examinations and those who had not were compared using a chi-square test. Among the 6 723 neonates, 363 (5.40%) were found to carry variants. These have included 166 cases (2.47%) with GJB2 gene variants, 136 cases (2.03%) with SLC26A4 gene variants, 26 cases (0.39%) with mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene variants, and 33 cases (0.49%) with GJB3 gene variants. Among the 6 723 neonates, 267 had failed initial hearing screening, among which 244 had accepted a re-examination, for which 14 cases (5.73%) had failed again. This has yielded an approximate prevalence of hearing disorder of 0.21% (14/6 723). Among 230 newborns who had passed the re-examination, 10 (4.34%) were found to have carried a variant. By contrast, 4 out of the 14 neonates (28.57%) who had failed the re-examination had carried a variant, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). Genetic screening can provide an effective supplement to newborn hearing screening, and the combined screening can provide a best model for the prevention of hearing loss, which can enable early detection of deafness risks, targeted prevention measures, and genetic counseling to provide accurate prognosis for the newborns.

The Audiological Follow-Up of Children with Symptomatic Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: An Experience in Two Italian Centers.

Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection is the leading cause of non-hereditary sensorineural hearing loss in children. While about 10% of children reportedly display symptoms at birth, 85-90% of cCMV infection cases are asymptomatic. However, 10-15% of these asymptomatic infants may later develop hearing, visual, or neurodevelopmental impairments. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of cCMV infection on newborns' hearing function with a particular emphasis on progressive and late-onset cases. This study is a retrospective chart analysis with longitudinal character and was conducted in two Italian centers: Center 1 (from 1 November 2007 to 31 December 2021) and Center 2 (from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2021). Data collected included newborn hearing screening results, characterization of hearing loss (unilateral/bilateral, degree of impairment), and audiological follow-up. The cohort consisted of 103 children (42% males, 58% females). In total, 28 children presented with hearing impairment; 71.4% (20 out of 28) of the cases of hearing loss were severe/profound, with 35.7% of the cases due to unilateral hearing loss. Out of twenty-eight, six experienced progression of hearing loss and four had late-onset hearing loss. In the absence of universal cCMV screening, hearing screening at birth for cCMV remains a critical factor for early diagnosis. A significant percentage of children affected by cCMV with normal audiological evaluations at birth is easily lost to follow-up. Close collaboration between neonatologists, pediatricians, and audiological services is fundamental to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment of cCMV-related hearing loss.

Relationship between Hearing Loss Risk Factors and Hearing Screening Results in Newborns: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Congenital hearing loss can have a long-term impact on children’s speech and communication abilities. Early detection and intervention of hearing loss are important in newborns. It is well known that there are several risk factors for hearing loss; however, the relationship between these risk factors and hearing screening tests remains uncertain in Iran. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the relationship between hearing loss risk factors and Automated Auditory Brainstem Response (AABR) and Transient-Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (TEOAEs) within the Iranian context. This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 9622 newborns (4643 females and 4979 males) in Iran. The data related to newborn hearing screening, including gender, the results of initial hearing screening, and hearing loss risk factors, were extracted from newborns’ record files. Data were analyzed using SPSS and a significant level was 0.05%. 190 (3.45%) newborns were referred to the screening. Fourteen newborns were diagnosed with hearing loss (prevalence of hearing loss = 1.45 per 1000) and 9 had one or more risk factors. There was a strong relationship between NICU admission, hyperbilirubinemia, family history of hearing loss, and consanguineous marriage with hearing screening test results (P &lt; 0.05). Among risk factors investigated in this study, hyperbilirubinemia, family history of hearing loss, and intrauterine infections were not significantly correlated with TEOAEs results (P &gt; 0.05). In contrast, they were significantly correlated with AABR results and the lowest OR was for prematurity and the highest for family history of hearing loss. Hyperbilirubinemia, family history of hearing loss, and intrauterine infections were the most significantly correlated risk factors with AABR and family history of hearing loss could be considered as a risk factor that most often leads to AABR failure results in Iran. So, Iranian clinicians, specifically, should ask parents to ask their relatives about any history of hearing loss or other health conditions that may affect their child's health. The findings also provide further evidence supporting the effectiveness of the newborn hearing screening protocols within the Iranian context, which recommend using AABR and TEOAEs tests for infants with risk factors for hearing loss.

Influence of umbilical cord pH on the outcome of hearing screening with otoacoustic emissions in healthy newborns

The effect of hypoxia on the functioning of the outer hair cells of the cochlea, which are responsible for the response to otoemissions used in neonatal hearing screening, is well known.The aim of this study is to determine the influence of mild to moderate variations in umbilical cord pH at birth on the outcome of hearing screening with otoemissions in healthy newborns without hearing risk factors.The sample is composed of 4536 healthy infants. The results show no significant differences in the hearing screening outcome between the asphyctic (<7.20) and normal pH group. Nor is a figure below 7.20 detected in the sample that is related to an alteration in the screening.When broken down into subgroups with known factors of variation in the screening result, such as gender or lactation, no significant differences in response were detected.Apgar ≤7 is significantly related to pH<7.20.In conclusion, mild-moderate asphyxia associated with delivery of healthy newborns, without auditory risk factors, does not alter the outcome of otoemission screening.

Effect of Neonatal Hearing Screening Results on the Lost to Follow-Up at the Diagnostic Level.

(1) Background: An important part of any neonatal hearing screening program is monitoring diagnostic visits to confirm or exclude the presence of hearing loss. In addition, time plays an important role in the diagnosis. We identified the number of children who came for a diagnostic visit and analyzed the time of the first audiological visit, depending on the result of the hearing screening test performed in the first days of a child's life and the presence or absence of risk factors of hearing impairment. (2) Methods: We analyzed 6,580,524 children, of which 8.9% required further diagnostics. The mean time of follow-up diagnostic visit in the analyzed group was 130 days and differed due to the presence or absence of risk factors for hearing loss before and after the neonatal period. (3) Results: Although the risk of hearing loss in children with risk factors is 2.31 to 6.38 times higher than in children without risk factors depending on the result of the screening test, more than 40% of parents do not report to scheduled audiological visits. (4) Conclusions: Doctors, nurses, and midwives who screen hearing at the neonatological level play an important role in educating parents about the possibility of hearing loss in a child and the need for an audiological examination.