Healthy Mother Research Articles

Evaluation of apple cultivars to four pome fruit viruses in Iranian National Collection of Kamalshahr Horticulture Research Station, Karaj

The National Iranian Apple Collection comprises a wide range of native and imported commercial cultivars used for breeding researches. Successful phenotyping requires healthy plants capable of expressing the existing genetic potential. The time-consuming and expensive process of producing healthy primary nucleus may be avoided by a primitive screening of the plant material. Indeed, the new young shoots grown next to heavy pruning under high regional solar radiation may act as in vivo thermotherapy. A total of 98 samples collected from 48 apple cultivars were assessed to detect the occurrence and prevalence of lethal viruses such as Apple stem pitting virus, Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus, Apple stem grooving virus and Tomato ring spot virus. The presence of ASPV, ACLSV, ASGV and ToRSV was tested by DAS ELISA using specific antibodies. To confirm ELISA results, all virus-free samples, or ones suspected of being infected by a sole virus, were consequently subjected to reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). This was achieved by the use of specific primers for a region of the ACLSV and ASPV genomes which encode part of the coat protein (CP), specific primers for full length CP of ASGV, and specific primers for a region of the ToRSV genome which encodes part of the replicase. The ELISA results demonstrated that 71.4%, 47.5% and 18.5% of the samples in total were infected by ACLSV, ASPV, and ASGV respectively. No infection by ToRSV was observed within the tested cultivars. The integration of ELISA results with RT-PCR proved that McIntosh1, Starking1, Red spur cooper2, Yellow transparent1, and Glockenapfel were recognized virus-free material, and therefore could be used and maintained as primary nucleus and healthy mother orchards.

The Composition and Concordance of Lactobacillus Populations of Infant Gut and the Corresponding Breast-Milk and Maternal Gut.

The maternal gut is the principal source of commensal bacteria in the infant gut during the lactation stage, where breast milk acts as an intermediary for the transfer of potential probiotic bacteria consortia, including Lactobacillus. This study aimed to characterize the bacterial communities in human milk, maternal, and infant feces in a small yet very homogeneous cohort of 25 healthy mother–infant pairs in northwestern China (n = 25, infant age from 7 days to 2 years), with special emphasis on the cooccurrence and vertical transfer of Lactobacillus phylotypes at the species or strain level in mother-breast milk-infant triads. Accurate sequencing analysis revealed that among 73 Lactobacillus zero-radius operational classification units (ZOTUs) identified, 58 belonging to 18 recognized species or species groups were distributed in all three types of samples. Lactobacillus ruminis, L. mucosae and L. gasseri-johnsonii as true residents were the most represented in all three ecosystems, whereas the content of Lactobacillus phylotypes commonly developed as probiotics was not dominant. While the numbers of Lactobacillus species in breast milk and infant feces were greater than that in maternal feces, principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) based on beta diversity, coupled with the frequency of isolates determined by culture methods, showed that the Lactobacillus community in the infant gut was more similar to that in the maternal gut than to that in breast milk, suggesting that the gut is niche selective for Lactobacillus populations. In addition, identical strains of L. ruminis, L. paracasei, L. mucosae and L. salivarius were isolated from multiple mother–infant pairs, supporting the hypothesis that vertical transfer of bacteria via breastfeeding contributes to the initial establishment of the microbiota in the developing infant intestine.

جائحة فیروس کورونا – کوفید 19 وأثرها فی مسائل الأحوال الشخصیة دراسة فقهیة

يهدف البحث إلى دراسة أثر فيروس کورونا –کوفيد19 في مسائل الأحوال الشخصية من خلال التعريف بفيروس کورونا وطرق انتشاره والفرق بينه وبين الوباء والطاعون ،وطرق الوقاية منه، وبيان أثر فيروس کورونا في مسائل الزواج من خلال بيان حکم إخبار الطرف المصاب صاحبه بالمرض ،وهل تعد الإصابة به إخلال بالکفاءة بين الزوجين أم لا ؟،وبيان مدى حق الزوجين في طلب التفريق لإصابة الطرف الآخر بفيروس کورونا، وهل تعد الإصابة به موجبا من موجبات التفريق أم لا؟ ، وهل تعد الإصابة به مسقطا من مسقطات حق الحضانة حفاظا على المحضون أم لا؟،وبيان حکم ارضاع المراءة المصابة بالفيروس للطفل السليم، وحکم ارتضاع الطفل المصاب من أمه السليمة، ،وکيفية توريث من ماتا في وقت واحد وقت انتشار فيروس کورونا وقد توصلت فيه لعدة نتائج منها: أن فيروس کورونا يعد وباء ومرضا معديا، إلا أنه يختلف عن الوباء والطاعون في کثير من الأحکام، وأن الحجر الصحي والعزل ومنع المصافحة والتجمعات تعد طرقا من طرق الوقاية من الفيروس والقضاء عليه، وأن الإصابة به لا تعد بذاتها سببا من اسباب عدم الکفاءة بين الزوجين وأنه لا يبيح في ذاته حق التفريق بين الزوجين إلا إذا تضرر الطرف الآخر من ذلک وأن يرفع الأمر للقاضي للبت في ذلک ،ولا تعد الإصابة به مسقطا لحق الحضانة في ذاته وله أن يمارسها عن طريق غيره وتحت نظره مدة إصابته بالمرض ،ولا تعد الإصابة به مسقطا للرضاع، ولا تجبر الأم على ارضاع وليدها إلا اذا لم يتقبل غيرها، وکان هناک خوف حقيقي على حياة الرضيع، وأن من مات وقت انتشار الفيروس ولم يعلم السابق منهما لا توارث بينهما. The research aims to study the impact of the Corona virus - Covid 19 on personal status matters by introducing the Corona virus, its methods of spread, the difference between it and the epidemic and the plague, and the methods of prevention from it, and the effect of the Corona virus in matters of marriage by stating the ruling on informing the infected party with the disease, and whether the infection is considered Is it a breach of competence between spouses or not ?, and a statement of the extent of the right of the spouses to request a separation because the other party is infected with the Coronavirus, and is infection with it a requirement for separation or not? And is infection with it a drop in the right to custody or not?, And a statement of the ruling on breastfeeding a woman infected with the virus to a healthy child, the ruling on nursing an infected child from his healthy mother, and how to bequeath to those who died at one time at the time of the spread of the Corona virus. In it I reached several conclusions, including: that the Corona virus is an epidemic and an infectious disease, but it differs from the epidemic and the plague in many provisions, and that quarantine, isolation, and prevention of handshakes and gatherings are ways to prevent and eliminate the virus, and that infection with it is not considered a cause in itself. One of the causes of incompetence between spouses is that it does not allow in itself the right to separate between spouses unless the other party is harmed by that and the matter is referred to the judge to decide on that, and infection with it does not negate the right to custody in himself and he has the right to practice it through someone else and under his consideration of the duration of his illness Infection with it does not forfeit the right to breastfeeding, and the mother is not forced to breastfeed her newborn unless he does not accept others, and there is a real fear for the infant’s life, and that whoever dies at the time of the spread of the virus and does not know the previous one will not be inherited.

Complex Febrile Seizures Associated with Doose vs Dravet Syndrome Presentation of a Clinical Case

Complex Febrile Seizures Associated with Doose vs Dravet Syndrome Presentation of a Clinical Case

Interrelationship between sleep quality of 1-month old infants and their mothers’ corresponding activities

The aim was to examine the interrelationship between sleep quality of 1-month infants and mothers, mothers’ corresponding activities to infant’s night sleep, and mother’s mental health. A cross-sectional survey with self-reported questionnaire was conducted among 437 healthy mother–infant pairs at 1-month postpartum delivered at a maternal hospital in Tokyo. The main measurements were the presence of mother’s sleep problem, the presence of infant’s unstable sleep quality (hereinafter, unstable sleep), mother’s stimulating activities, such as responding to active sleep immediately, and four indices of mothers’ mental health. After comparing statistically, the basic characteristics and above main measurements with and without infant unstable sleep, a covariance structure analysis was conducted to investigate the association among four main measurements according to the hypotheses made based on previous studies. The infants’ unstable sleep affected the mothers’ sleep problem (β = 0.12), the mothers’ sleep problem affected the stimulating activities (β = 0.11) and the stimulating activities affected the infants’ unstable sleep (β = 0.11). The infants’ unstable sleep and mothers’ sleep problem affected the mothers’ mental health directly (β = 0.20, β = 0.15). The values of GFI (0.993, AGFI (0) and RMSEA (0.032) showed a high fitness of the model. The inter-relationships between the infants’ unstable sleep, mothers’ sleep problem, mothers' stimulating activities, and mothers’ mental health were verified in just 1 month post birth. It is significant that those relationships were obtained in the neonatal periods. The result that mothers’ stimulating activities affect infants’ unstable sleep is important with implications on sleep health education.

A Case of De Novo X-Linked Alport Syndrome Treated by Kidney Transplantation from the Patient’s Healthy Mother

A Case of De Novo X-Linked Alport Syndrome Treated by Kidney Transplantation from the Patient’s Healthy Mother

Electrolyte Disturbance in an Infant with Failure to Thrive.

1. Hannah Kim, MD* 2. Amanda Hesselton, MD† 3. Alicia M. Neu, MD* 4. Jeffrey Fadrowski, MD, MHS* 1. *Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 2. †Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD A 6-week-old girl was born to a healthy mother via uncomplicated vaginal delivery at full term and subsequently had a normal newborn screen. She had a birthweight of 4.48 kg (large for gestational age, 97% percentile). At her 1-month health supervision visit, she weighed 3.7 kg. Although offered 2 to 3 oz of pumped human milk each feed, she was taking approximately 1 oz every 2 hours without cyanosis, tachypnea, or sweating. She had no trouble latching onto the bottle, a normal suck and swallow, and no choking with feeds. After feeding, she had frequent nonbloody/nonbilious vomiting episodes that most often occurred soon after a feed, but occasionally a few hours later. Her primary care provider recommended fortifying the human milk with formula to 22 kcal/ounce, but it was not well-tolerated due to vomiting. On a repeat weight check 2 weeks before admission, she demonstrated continued poor weight gain and was started on a histamine 2-blocker for possible gastrointestinal reflux. Two days before admission, this was switched to a proton-pump inhibitor with no improvement in symptoms. The primary care provider obtains bloodwork, urine studies, and an abdominal ultrasound as part of an evaluation for failure to thrive. The bloodwork shows the following: sodium 115 mmol/L, potassium 8.7 mmol/L, chloride 71 mmol/L, carbon dioxide 15 mmol/L, urea nitrogen 53 mg/dL, creatinine 0.8 mg/dL, and glucose 50 mg/dL. The mother is asked to …

In vivo performance of hi-tech planting materials for seed potato production: A review

The production of healthy seed is very crucial to sustain the production and productivity of potato. Traditionally used conventional seed potato production system leads to lower multiplication rate, have bulkiness of seed tubers and encourages accumulation of tuber borne viruses, fungi and bacteria in subsequent seasons leading to significant losses in quality and tuber yield over seasons. Hi-tech seed production systems based on micro-propagation technologies improves the quality of breeder seed, enhance seed multiplication rate and reduce field exposure of seed crop. Under this system, there are three different type of seed production systems viz micropant, microtuber and aeroponic based. The major components of hi-tech seed production include development of healthy mother plants, followed by mass multiplication of healthy mericlones through in vitro micropropagation which is used for microtuber/aeroponic production, minituber production from microtubers/aeroponic tubers or directly from micro-plants under protected conditions (G-0) followed by two field multiplication for production of prebasic and basic seed potatoes. Growth (emergence, plant height, compound leaves and stems) and yield parameters (mean tuber weight and yield by number and weight) varied as per hi-tech planting materials viz microplant, microtuber and aeroponic tuber, crop husbandry, genetic background/cultivar and size of planting materials used for minituber production under in vivo (G-0) in different agro climatic systems.

Acute Postpartum Pulmonary edema: A Case Report

A 30 year old, G2P1, pregnancy complicated with moderate anaemia, preeclampsia andgestational diabetes mellitus was admitted at 37+ week pregnancy with less fetal movementand premature rupture of membrane. A healthy baby was delivered by caesarean sectionwith uneventful perioperative period. On 4th post operative day, she developed severe acutepulmonary edema where intubation was done instantly and ventilated in the intensive careunit. Patient recovered and extubation done on 6th postoperative day. A healthy mother anda healthy baby were discharged on 10th postoperative day.
 Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2018; Vol. 33(2) : 157-159

Effect of Intravenous Phloroglucinol Injections upon duration of Active First Stage of Labor

Objective: In our part of the world poverty and illiteracy has adversely affected our core objective of pregnancy i.e. healthy mother and healthy child. Exploring the role of a routinely used drug in reducing the duration of labor could be a breakthrough. Present study was planned accordingly to evaluate the effect of phloroglucinol (PHL). Materials and Methods: It was a Randomized controlled trial conducted at Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Combined Military Hospital, Bahawalpur from January 2019 to June 2019. This study included 60 cases of age 18 to 40 years, having singleton pregnancy and in active first stage of uncomplicated labor. Patients with history of multiple pregnancies, obstetrical and surgical complications and cardiorespiratory diseases were excluded. The cases were placed randomly into Group A & Group B and given intravenous PHL and a placebo respectively. After this, duration of the first stage of labor was recorded in minutes from when there was 3-4 cm cervical dilatation with regular uterine contractions to complete cervical dilation i.e. 10 cm and descent of the presenting fetal part. Results: Mean duration of active first stage of labor in experimental group A (230.20 ± 52.96 minutes) was significantly higher than that of control group B (345.30 ± 50.57 minutes). Conclusion: This study concluded that intravenous PHL has efficiently reduced the duration of active first stage of labor in these randomly selected nulliparous and multiparous women. PHL is a useful drug serving the purpose of a spasmolytic, analgesic and labor augmentation at the same time.

Delineation of Clinical Manifestations of the Inherited Xq24 Microdeletion Segregating with sXCI in Mothers: Two Novel Cases with Distinct Phenotypes Ranging from UBE2A Deficiency Syndrome to Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

Chromosomal microdeletion syndromes present with a wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes that depend on the size and gene content of the affected region. In a healthy carrier, epigenetic mechanisms may compensate for the same microdeletion, which may segregate through several generations without any clinical symptoms until the epigenetic modifications no longer function. We report 2 novel cases of Xq24 microdeletions inherited from mothers with extremely skewed X-chromosome inactivation (sXCI). The first case is a boy presenting with X-linked mental retardation, Nascimento type, due to a 168-kb Xq24 microdeletion involving 5 genes (CXorf56, UBE2A, NKRF, SEPT6, and MIR766) inherited from a healthy mother and grandmother with sXCI. In the second family, the presence of a 239-kb Xq24 microdeletion involving 3 additional genes (SLC25A43, SLC25A5-AS1, and SLC25A5) was detected in a woman with sXCI and a history of recurrent pregnancy loss with a maternal family history without reproductive wastages or products of conception. These cases provide evidence that women with an Xq24 microdeletion and sXCI may be at risk for having a child with intellectual disability or for experiencing a pregnancy loss due to the ontogenetic pleiotropy of a chromosomal microdeletion and its incomplete penetrance modified by sXCI.

Maternal mosaicism underlies the inheritance of a rare germline AKT3 variant which is responsible for megalencephaly-polymicrogyria-polydactyly-hydrocephalus syndrome in two Roma half-siblings

Megalencephaly-polymicrogyria-polydactyly-hydrocephalus (MPPH) syndrome is a developmental brain disorder characterized by an enlarged brain size with bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria and a variable degree of ventriculomegaly. MPPH syndrome is associated with oromotor dysfunction, epilepsy, intellectual disability and postaxial hexadactyly. The molecular diagnosis of this disorder is established by the identification of a pathogenic variant in either AKT3, CCND2 or PIK3R2. Previously reported AKT3 variants are associated with various brain abnormalities and may lead to megalencephaly. MPPH syndrome is usually due to germline pathogenic AKT3 variants. Somatic mosaic pathogenic variants associated with hemimegalencephaly, which is similar to MPPH, have also been observed. A Hungarian Roma family with two half-siblings, which present with intellectual disability, dysmorphic features, epilepsy, brain malformations, and megalencephaly was studied. Whole exome sequencing (WES) analysis was performed. WES analysis revealed a heterozygous c.1393C > T p.(Arg465Trp) pathogenic missense AKT3 variant in both affected half-siblings. The variant was verified via Sanger sequencing and was not present in the DNA sample from the healthy mother, which was derived from peripheral blood, suggesting maternal germline mosaicism. In conclusion, this is the first report in which maternal germline mosaicism of a rare pathogenic AKT3 variant leads to autosomal dominantly inherited MPPH syndrome.

An audit of oral administration of Angusta® (misoprostol) 25 µg for induction of labor in 976 consecutive women with a singleton pregnancy in a university hospital in Denmark.

Induction of labor (IOL) is used to improve the outcome of pregnancy for mother and child. Since 2013, oral misoprostol has been used for IOL at Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark. The purpose of the present paper is to describe our experience of the use of a new, 25-µg misoprostol tablet commercially manufactured for the purpose of IOL regarding efficacy and outcome for mother and neonate in both an inpatient and an outpatient regimen. We performed an audit from 1 April 2016, including data on all IOL in women with singleton pregnancies until 1000 consecutive women were registered. Data from 976 consecutive women with gestational age≥37+0 weeks induced in accordance with the "Aarhus protocol" were included in the present analyses. All inductions were by oral misoprostol. Outpatient induction is standard procedure in low-risk pregnancies, that is, pregnancies with a healthy mother and no signs of placental insufficiency. In the outpatient IOL, the first dose of misoprostol is administered after a normal cardiotocography registration at the hospital. Subsequent doses are taken at home according to a predefined regimen. Following delivery, data on baseline variables and outcome variables for the mother and neonate were retrieved from the medical records. In 71.9% of cases, the women were induced in an outpatient regimen. Delivery within 24hours was achieved in 38.8% of women (nulliparous 32.3%, multiparous 50.9%) and within 48hours in 70.1% (nulliparous 66.2%, multiparous 77.2%). Hyperstimulation during induction occurred in 0.6%. The mode of delivery was spontaneous vaginal in 75.5% of cases. The cesarean section rate was 14.9% (nulliparous 20.7%, multiparous 4.1%). Apgar<7 at 5minutes and pH<7.0 in the umbilical artery was seen in 0.9% and 0.7%, respectively. Induction of labor by a commercially produced low-dose (25µg) misoprostol tablet for oral induction according to the "Aarhus protocol" is feasible in an outpatient as well as an inpatient regimen. Delivery was achieved within 48hours for 70.1% of women. Few adverse events were seen; however, the audit was underpowered for safety.

15q11.2 deletion is enriched in patients with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection

IntroductionCNV is a vital pathogenic factor of congenital heart disease (CHD). However, few CNVs have been reported for total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC), which is a rare form of...

Components of human breast milk: from macronutrient to microbiome and microRNA.

Human breast milk (HBM) is essential for the infant’s growth and development right after birth and is an irreplaceable source of nutrition for early human survival. Various infant formulas have many similarities to HBM in many components, but there is no perfect substitute for HBM. Recently, various breast milk components and their roles have been studied according to the development of various analysis techniques. As is already well known, HBM contains about 87%–88% water, and 124- g/L solid components as macronutrients, including about 7% (60–70 g/L) carbohydrates, 1% (8–10 g/L) protein, and 3.8% (35–40 g/L) fat. The composition may vary depending on the environmental factors, including maternal diet. Colostrum is low in fat but high in protein and relatively rich in immune-protective components. Although HBM contains enough vitamins to ensure normal growth of the infant, vitamins D and K may be insufficient, and the infant may require their supplementation. Growth factors in HBM also serve as various bioactive proteins and peptides on the intestinal tract, vasculature, nervous system, and endocrine system. In the past, HBM of a healthy mother was thought to be sterile. However, several subsequent studies have confirmed the presence of rich and diverse microbial communities in HBM. Some studies suggested that the genera Staphylococcus and Streptococcus may be universally predominant in HBM, but the origin of microbiota still remains controversial. Lastly, milk is the one of most abundant body fluid of microRNAs, which are known to play a role in various functions, such as immunoprotection and developmental programming, through delivering from HBM and absorption by intestinal epithelial cells. In conclusion, HBM is the most important source of nutrition for infants and includes microbiomes and miRNAs for growth, development, and immunity.

A Case of Trisomy 13 Mosaicism Presenting with a Severe Aortic Root Dilatation and Marfanoid Habitus due to an Unpredictable Cytogenetic Mechanism

In this report, we present a new case of mosaic trisomy 13 with prolonged survival, firstly detected by array-CGH analysis which was carried out because of moderate intellectual disability with postaxial hexadactyly, dermatologic features, ventricular septal defect, bicuspid aortic valve, and aortic dystrophy in a 19-year-old male patient. In a subset of 15% of the cells, the patient carried a derivative chromosome 10 generated by a nonreciprocal (10;13) translocation inherited from his healthy mother who carried the translocation in a balanced and homogeneous state. FISH analyses showed interstitial telomeric sequences at the breakpoints. To our knowledge, this is the second report of a patient with trisomy 13 mosaicism displaying a severe aortic root dilatation. We also discuss the mechanisms which could explain the mosaic state, the most likely one being related to the instability of the interstitial telomere.

The role of oxytocin and vasopressin in the pathophysiology of heart failure in pregnancy and in fetal and neonatal life.

Pregnancy and early life create specific psychosomatic challenges for the mother and child, such as changes in hemodynamics, resetting of the water-electrolyte balance, hypoxia, pain, and stress, that all play an important role in the regulation of the release of oxytocin and vasopressin. Both of these hormones regulate the water-electrolyte balance and cardiovascular functions, maturation of the cardiovascular system, and cardiovascular responses to stress. These aspects may be of particular importance in a state of emergency, such as hypertension in the mother or severe heart failure in the child. In this review, we draw attention to a broad spectrum of actions exerted by oxytocin and vasopressin in the pregnant mother and the offspring during early life. To this end, we discuss the following topics: 1) regulation of the secretion of oxytocin and vasopressin and expression of their receptors in the pregnant mother and child, 2) direct and indirect effects of oxytocin and vasopressin on the cardiovascular system in the healthy mother and fetus, and 3) positive and negative consequences of altered secretion of oxytocin and vasopressin in the mother with cardiovascular pathology and in the progeny with heart failure. The present survey provides evidence that moderate stimulation of the oxytocin and vasopressin receptors plays a beneficial role in the healthy pregnant mother and fetus; however, under pathophysiological conditions the inappropriate action of these hormones exerts several negative effects on the cardiovascular system of the mother and progeny and may potentially contribute to the pathophysiology of heart failure in early life.

Challenges in molecular diagnosis of X-linked Intellectual disability.

Intellectual disability (ID) affects 1-3% of the Western population and is heterogeneous in origin. Mutations in X-linked genes represent 5-10% of ID in males. Fragile X syndrome, due to the silencing of the FMR1 gene, is the most common form of ID, with a prevalence of around 1:5000 males. Females are usually non- or mildly affected carriers, and in a few rare cases, the only gender affected. Array comparative genome hybridization (aCGH) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) have dramatically changed the nature of human genome analysis leading to the identification of new X-linked intellectual disability syndromes and disease-causing genes. Original papers, reviews, guidelines and experiences of the diagnostic laboratories. Family history and clinical examination still are essential to choose the appropriate diagnostic tests, including, a disease-specific genetic test, aCGH or FMR1 molecular analysis. If negative, NGS approaches like well-defined gene panels, whole exome, or even whole genome sequencing, are increasingly being used, improving diagnostics and leading to the identification of novel disease mechanisms. The main challenge in the era of NGS is filtering and interpretation of the data generated by the analysis of a single individual. In X-linked cases, assessing pathogenicity is particularly challenging, even more when the variant is found to be inherited from a healthy carrier mother or when a heterozygous X-linked mutation is found in an impaired female. At present, variant interpretation remains a challenging task, especially in X-linked disorders. We review the main difficulties and propose a comprehensive overview that might aid in variant interpretation. Establishing a genetic diagnosis facilitates counseling and allows better delineation of clinical phenotypes. To improve variant interpretation, there is need to refine in silico predictions with specific criteria for each gene, and to develop cost-effective functional tools, which can be easily transferred to diagnostics.

The ANTI-NATAL CARE IN AYURVEDA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO GARBHINI PARICHARYA.

Motherhood is a divine blessing. Anti-natal care is a potential timely care of mother and foetus till delivery from first month of her pregnancy which is co-related with Garbhini Paricharya explained in Ayurveda, to get Shreyasi Praja which ensure normal pregnancy and uncomplicated labour with delivery of a healthy baby from healthy mother. Wellbeing of garbha can be achieved only through of the wellness of the garbhini thus Acharyas have given it under Garbhini Paricharya concept.&#x0D; In Ayurveda along with Trimester wise regimen, Garbhini Paricharya comprises Masanumasik Pathya (Month wise dietary regimen), Garbhopaghatakara Bhavas which are contraindicated Dietetics and mode of life for mother. Garbhasthapaka drugs which are useful for foetus.&#x0D; &#x0D; AIMS AND OBJECTIVE&#x0D; &#x0D; To study Garbhini Paricharya and establish its Ayurveda co-ordination.&#x0D; To evaluate Trimester wise regimen.&#x0D; To give proper nutrition, equilibrium of doshas, welfare and contraindication of mother and Foetus.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; METHODOLOGY&#x0D; Reviewing the modern science literature regarding Anti-natal care and Ayurvedic classics, commentaries also recently published books and Research journals, the Garbhini Paricharya collection done and attempt to get co-relation between Ayurveda and Modern Anti-natal care for healthy progeny.&#x0D; &#x0D; CONCLUSION- &#x0D; Ayurvedic preconceptional measure help to achieve the goal of preconception to have healthy and good progeny. Ayurvedic remedy for getting healthy progeny emphasizes again preventive aspect of Ayurveda.&#x0D; &#x0D; KEY WORDS: &#x0D; Garbhini Paricharya, Month wise dietary regimen, Garbhopaghatakara Bhavas, Garbhasthapaka drugs, Anti-natal care.

Systemic Solutions for Addressing Early Recognition and Treatment of Antenatal and Postpartum/Postnatal Depression in Psychiatry Clinic in Skopje, North Macedonia

Background: It is considered that depressive disorder most often begins in the reproductive period, around 20 years of age. Introduction: The greatest risk or danger for the young depressed mother is suicide, which is being considered the second cause of death in the young during the reproductive years. Unfortunately, it happens usually at the end of the pregnancy or during the first postpartum year. Materials and methods: The investigation comprised 69 patients at the age between 18 and 44 years, with postpartum depression. Patients were diagnosed and treated during their pregnancy and postpartum period. Patients were analyzed by using a structured clinically diagnostic psychiatric interview, psychodiagnostic instruments for assessment of anxiety and depression, HAM-A and HAM-D. Depression and anxiety were evaluated in the beginning of the treatment and after three months of treatment. Patients were treated with psychological interventions and pharmacological treatment, SSRI or SNRI antidepressant therapy, during pregnancy or postpartum period. Results: Cross-sectional study was conducted in a 3-month-period and comprised 69 patients, of which 71.0% were at the age older than 30 years, and 29.0% younger than 30 years. Of these, 81.5% of patients received antidepressants, 24.6% received antipsychotics and anxiolytics, alone or in combination. Discussion: The results have shown a statistically significant presence of risk factors in patients with antenatal or postpartum depression. The results have shown a significant reduction of anxiety and depression after application of SSRI therapy and psychological individual and group interventions by empowering the mother to care for herself and her child. Conclusion: Proper care for the mental health of the mother is the care for the entire society, healthy mother, healthy children and healthy society. Early recognition of the risk factors for development of antenatal depression leads to prevention of onset of antenatal or postpartum depression.