Healthy Lifestyle Intervention Research Articles

Clinical characteristics and pregnancy outcome of 14 pregnant women with history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

Objective: To summarize the clinical characters and pregnancy outcome in pregnant women with history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Methods: A total of 14 pregnant women with pre-existing ASCVD admitted to Beijing Anzhen Hospital from October 2013 to May 2020 were enrolled as subjects, whose ASCVD disease status, clinical manifestations, treatment and pregnancy outcomes were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Results: The age of subjects at diagnosis of ASCVD was (31±7) years old. The main intervention before pregnancy was revascularization (10 cases), and the rest 4 cases were treated with medicine. The age of subjects at pregnancy was (36±5) years old. A total of 12 cases had risk factors of ASCVD. In early stages of pregnancy, there were 1 case with cardiac function level Ⅲ and 1 with cardiac function level Ⅳ. Abnormal ventricular wall motion and ventricular aneurysm formation were determined in 3 cases by echocardiography, one of which was complicated with moderate left ventricular ejection fraction impairment. Abnormal ST segment in 4 cases and sinus tachycardia in 1 case were found by electrocardiogram. Troponin (TNI) increased in 1 case. The serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol level (LDL-C) of these pregnant women at early stages of pregnancy was (2.3±1.0) mmol/L. A total of 9 pregnant women entered later stages of pregnancy, 1 of whom had chest tightness after slight activity. There were 4 cases with excessive weight gain and 2 cases with insufficient weight gain during pregnancy, and there were 1 case with cardiac function level Ⅲ and 1 case with mild impaired left heart function. The average level of LDL-C was (2.6±0.6) mmol/L in 5 pregnant women at their later stages of pregnancy. The main treat measures included anti-platelet therapy (aspirin, 75-100 mg/d) and healthy lifestyle interventions. Five pregnant women terminated their pregnancy at the early stage of pregnancy, and 9 full-term pregnant women underwent hysterotomy with intraoperative blood loss of 180-800 ml. Adverse cardiac events occurred in 2 cases and gestational diabetes was diagnosed in 3 cases during pregnancy, among which 2 cases were complicated with chronic hypertension and preeclampsia. The weight of 9 live newborns was (3 102±647) g, among which 2 were smaller than gestational age and 1 was of low birth weight. Conclusions: Women with established ASCVD before preynancy have risk of adverse cardiac events in pregnancy. Strengthening the management of high risk factors in pregnancy is conducive to achieving a good pregnancy outcome.

Challenges of making healthy lifestyle changes for families in Aotearoa/New Zealand.

The objective of the current study was to identify challenges of making and sustaining healthy lifestyle changes for families with children/adolescents affected by obesity, who were referred to a multicomponent healthy lifestyle assessment and intervention programme in Aotearoa/New Zealand (NZ). Secondary qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews. Taranaki region of Aotearoa/NZ. Thirty-eight interviews with parents/caregivers (n 42) of children/adolescents who had previously been referred to a family-focused multidisciplinary programme for childhood obesity intervention, who identified challenges of making healthy lifestyle changes. Participants had varying levels of engagement, including those who declined contact after their referral. Participant-identified challenges included financial cost, impact of the food environment, time pressures, stress, maintaining consistency across households, independence in adolescence, concern for mental health and frustration when not seeing changes in weight status. Participants recognised a range of factors that contributed towards their ability to make and sustain change, including factors at the wider socio-environmental level beyond their immediate control. Even with the support of a multidisciplinary healthy lifestyle programme, participants found it difficult to make sustained changes within an obesogenic environment. Healthy lifestyle intervention programmes and families' abilities to make and sustain changes require alignment of prevention efforts, focusing on policy changes to improve the food environment and eliminate structural inequities.

Effect of a Package of Risk-Based Pharmaceutical and Lifestyle Interventions on Patients with Hypertension and/or Diabetes in Rural China: A Pragmatic Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial

Background: Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) requires adequate control of hypertension and diabetes. We designed and implemented pharmaceutical and healthy lifestyle interventions for patients with diabetes and/or hypertension in rural primary care, and assessed their effectiveness at reducing the rate of severe CVD events. Methods: We used a pragmatic, parallel group, two-arm, controlled, superiority, cluster trial design. We randomised 67 township hospitals from rural Zhejiang province, China, to intervention (34) or control (33) arms. Using health records, we recruited patients with hypertension and a 10-year CVD risk of 20% or higher and all patients with type 2 diabetes. The intervention included prescription of a standardised package of medicines, individual advice on lifestyle change and adherence support. Control was usual hypertension and diabetes care. In both arms, as usual in China, most outpatient drug costs were out-of-pocket. The primary outcome was severe CVD events after 36 months of intervention, as recorded by the CVD surveillance system. Findings: We conducted the trial from December 2013 until May 2017. We randomly allocated 13,385 and 14,745 participants to the intervention and control arms respectively. At 36 months there were 762 and 874 severe CVD events in the intervention and control arms respectively (incidence rate = 1.92 and 2.01 per 100 person-years respectively; crude incidence rate ratio = 0.90 [95% CI: 0.74, 1.08; P = 0.259]). Self-reported adherence to recommended medicines was significantly higher in the intervention arm, but adherence was low. Differences in mean blood pressure were significant but small. No safety concerns were identified. Interpretation: The comprehensive package of pharmaceutical and healthy lifestyle interventions did not significantly reduce severe CVD events over 36 months. Improving health system factors such as universal coverage for the cost of essential medicines are required for successful risk-based CVD prevention programmes. Trial Registration: Current Controlled Trials (ISRCTN58988083). Funding: UK DFID (COMDIS-HSD) and Zhejiang Health Bureau. Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethics Approval Statement: Ethics approval was obtained from the University of Leeds School of Medicine Research Ethics Committee (reference HSLTLM/12/010) and the Ethics Committee of Zhejiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, China (reference 18/06/2012). Written informed consent was obtained from both hospital directors and all participating individuals.

The Relationship Between Screen and Outdoor Time With Rates of Myopia in Spanish Children.

Background: Nowadays, digital devices have become usual in children's lives around the world. Five percent of the children between 5 and 7 years old have their own smartphone and forty-two percent of them have their own tablet. This fact has produced a change in their lifestyle that can imply some risks, threats and/or opportunities. The light emitted by digital devices' screens could involve, among others, possible risks to children's vision.Methods: This study shows a detailed analysis of the vision of 7,497 children between 5 and 7 years old carried out in the “Annual school campaign for children's visual health” in Spain during the years 2016, 2017, and 2019. The study connects the results in the visual screening with children's lifestyle, taking into account both, the number of hours per day that they use all digital devices and the daily time of outdoor exposure.Results: The study shows that children with myopia have more screen time use and shorter outdoor activity time when compared to those without myopia (p < 0.01).Conclusions: Myopia in children is a public health problem and requires healthy lifestyle interventions at individual as well as at community level.

Students’ Reflections on an Experiential Learning Rotation With the Peer-Education About Weight Steadiness Club Program

Overview. Experiential learning has become a common pedagogical approach to provide university students an opportunity to apply classroom-acquired knowledge and skills in real-world settings. Evaluation of such experiences from a student perspective is needed to improve experiential learning opportunities offered in higher education settings. Purpose. The purpose of this qualitative study was to evaluate the experience of 13 university students who rotated with a healthy lifestyle program for middle schoolers. Method. The Peer-education About Weight Steadiness Club program was implemented by peer or adult educators, as a healthy lifestyle after-school intervention. Trainees participated in a learning rotation with the program for 16 weeks and were exposed to research coordination and implementation of the nutrition and healthy lifestyles program. After finishing their rotation, trainees completed a structured elicitation interview conducted by a faculty member and a graduate assistant. The 11-question individual elicitation interview, ranging from 16 to 40 minutes, queried trainees on elements of the learning experience. A grounded theory approach was used to guide data coding and analyses, which led to formulation of themes. Results. Forty codes were assigned to segments of the interview responses, which were then coalesced to formulate six themes and 16 subthemes. Identified themes include (1) program context, (2) roles and responsibilities of trainees, (3) professional development of trainees, (4) overall program implementation, (5) factors influencing implementation, and (6) health and behavioral outcomes. Conclusions. Student trainees gained program content knowledge, acquired skills transferable to their careers, valued this learning experience, and planned to apply lessons learned.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) - risk factor, diagnostic and current treatment

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine and metabolic disorders in women in reproductive age, defined as a combination of signs and symptoms resulting from androgen excess and ovarian dysfunction in the absence of other specific diagnoses. PCOS is often associated with an increased risk of obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic disorders and cardiovascular events. The aim of the study: The purpose of this systemic review was to collect and analyze materials about risk factors, diagnostics, and the current treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome.Material and method: Review of the literature published in 2004-2018.Description of the state of knowledge: PCOS is characterized by an excessive secretion of androgens from the ovaries and / or adrenal glands. Intrinsic ovarian factors, such as altered steroidogenesis, and factors external to the ovary, such as hyperinsulinemia, contribute to the ovarian overproduction of androgens. PCOS requires careful selection of an appropriate diagnostic method and therapeutic approach to combat hyperandrogenism, a consequence of ovarian dysfunction and related metabolic disorders. Treatment of both women at risk of PCOS and those with a confirmed diagnosis of PCOS includes education, healthy lifestyle interventions and symptomatic therapeutic interventions.Summary: PCOS is a complex disorder involving many organs and affecting many body functions. It is important to diagnose this disease as soon as possible in order to implement appropriately selected therapeutic treatment aimed at eliminating disease symptoms and reducing the systemic consequences of hyperandrogenism in patients.

Organization leaders' decisions to sustain a peer-led healthy lifestyle intervention for people with serious mental illness in supportive housing.

Healthy lifestyle interventions that increase physical activity and healthy dietary habits can help improve the physical health of people with serious mental illness (SMI). Yet, these interventions are not implemented in routine practice settings. This mixed methods study examined the decisions that leaders from three supportive housing agencies made as they planned to sustain a peer-led healthy lifestyle intervention for people with SMI at the end of a clinical trial. A combination of implementation strategies that addressed cost concerns, generated local evidence of the intervention's benefits, and provided ongoing training was identified as important for sustainability. A sustainability model illustrating implementation strategies and mechanisms for supporting three sustainability domains (funding, organizational capacity, and adaptation) was prioritized by participants. Study findings can inform future studies testing strategies and mechanisms to support the sustainability of interventions in routine practice settings to improve the physical health of people with SMI.

Adolescents as Agents of Parental Healthy Lifestyle Behavior Change: COPE Healthy Lifestyles TEEN Program.

Obesity is a leading health crisis around the world. An intervention strategy scarcely utilized for behavior change is that of a child as change agent. The purpose of this study was to describe the impact of teens reviewing newsletters from a healthy lifestyle intervention with their parents. Evaluation data from a randomized controlled trial, COPE Healthy Lifestyle TEEN Program, was analyzed. A descriptive study was conducted of parents' and teens' lifestyle behaviors as reported by parents. One hundred sixty-nine parents completed evaluations. Two thirds of parents reported changing a behavior as a result of the program. Nearly three quarters of parents reported behavior changes in their teens. Over 90% reported they would recommend this or a similar program. The obesity epidemic shows no signs of reversal, and hence multiple approaches to impact healthy lifestyles are urgent. Including children as a change agent is a potential target for interventions addressing obesity.

Determining barriers and facilitators to engagement for families in a family-based, multicomponent healthy lifestyles intervention for children and adolescents: a qualitative study

ObjectivesRecruitment and retention in child and adolescent healthy lifestyle intervention services for childhood obesity is challenging, and inequalities across social groups are persistent. This study aimed to understand the barriers...

The Effect of a General Healthy Lifestyle Intervention Delivered Around Pregnancy on Gestational Weight Gain and Infant Growth.

A life-course perspective emphasizes healthy behaviors before, during, and after pregnancy to support a multi-generational risk reduction in obesity for mothers and infants. Optimal timing, content, and dose of such interventions is not well defined. We conducted a nested cohort within a randomized trial to evaluate whether a healthy lifestyle intervention around pregnancy led to a "spill-over effect," including a healthier rate (kg/week) of maternal gestational weight gain, and infant growth during the first year. Study enrollment began in 2012, follow-up data collection completed in 2018, and the data were analyzed in 2019. The intervention focused on healthy maternal diet and physical activity but not pregnancy weight or infant feeding. Outcome data were abstracted from electronic medical records. Of the 165 women who became pregnant, 114 enrolled in the nested cohort. The average pre-pregnancy BMI was 29.6 (SD 5.1) kg/m2. Mixed effects models suggested clinically insignificant differences in both the rate of gestational weight gain (-0.02 kg/week; 95% CI -0.09, 0.06) and the rate of infant growth (difference at 1 year: -0.002 kg/cm; 95% CI -0.009, 0.005). A behavioral intervention that focused on overall maternal health delivered in the time around pregnancy did not result in a "spill-over effect" on healthy gestational weight gain or healthy infant growth during the first year of life. This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT01316653.

Creating an appropriate adaptation of a healthy lifestyle intervention for people after stroke

ABSTRACT Primary Objective To describe (1) an evidence-based approach to promoting a healthy lifestyle, the Diabetes Prevention Program Group Lifestyle Balance intervention, and (2) our work with input from an Advisory Board of stakeholders to modify the program to meet the unique needs of people post stroke. Research Design Community-Based Participatory Research Methods and Procedures An Advisory Board of stakeholders was convened to modify the Group Lifestyle Balance intervention to meet the unique needs of people post stroke. Main Outcomes and Results The primary adaptations that emerged from the Advisory Board included (1) curriculum emphasis on heart health after stroke, (2) care partner participation, (3) physical activity, dietary, and weight loss modifications specific to people after stroke, and (4) general programmatic recommendations (e.g., wider age range of participants; eligibility based on time since stroke; alternative modes of delivery). Conclusions Feedback from the diverse group of stakeholders provides the basis for modifying an evidence-based healthy lifestyle intervention to meet the unique needs of people after stroke. Future research efforts should examine the efficacy and effectiveness of the adapted program to prevent weight gain after stroke and reduce the risk of chronic conditions including diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and heart disease.

Exploring Black Girls' Recommendations for Healthy Lifestyle Interventions to Address Obesity.

Objective This mixed-methods study investigated Black girls' (N = 15) definitions of health and reports on socio-ecological factors that influenced health attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors. Participants were surveyed about their emotional health, body image, experiences of discrimination, and eating patterns. Methods Directed content analysis was used to identify themes, categories, and capture the depth of information conveyed. The study also used the Nominal Group Technique to elicit recommendations about intervention content, structure, and facilitation of a healthy lifestyle program targeting Black girls. Participants represented various ethnic backgrounds, ranged in age from 14 to 17 years (M = 16), and were in the ninth and 10th grades. Participants also represented a specific sample of Black adolescent girls who are medically categorized as obese. Results Findings indicated that Black girls use an intersectional (race-gender) lens to frame their definitions of health and inform health-related behaviors. Recommendations for obesity interventions targeting Black girls include leveraging time during school to deliver services, intentional selection of program facilitators to include race-gender similarities, and professionals trained to work with adolescents. Additionally, considerations for provider-patient interactions include the use of nonstigmatizing language and direct communication. Conclusion Findings serve to address the paucity of culturally responsive interventions targeting Black girls' health. Implications include enhancement of program retention and sustained engagement to facilitate effective treatment outcomes and address the disparity in the prevalence of obesity. In doing so, there is a potential to reduce health disparities associated with increased weight as Black girls' transition into adulthood.

Attenuation of exaggerated blood pressure responses to exercise: a byproduct of improved vascular function with passive heat therapy?

Attenuation of exaggerated blood pressure responses to exercise: a byproduct of improved vascular function with passive heat therapy?

The effectiveness of healthy lifestyle interventions on weight gain in overweight pregnant women: A cluster-randomized controlled trial.

AimInterventions based on adopting a healthy lifestyle have been less successful. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of healthy lifestyle interventions on weight gain in overweight pregnant women.DesignA cluster randomized controlled trial.MethodsHealth centres were selected by simple random sampling; then, 66 overweight pregnant women were enrolled by convenience sampling and divided into intervention and comparison groups. Intervention group received individual nutritional counselling and physical activity training. The data were collected in several stages with the demographic and obstetric questionnaire, maternal weight record, food frequency and international physical activity questionnaire.ResultsPregnancy weight gain‐4.75(CI 95%: −4.02, −5.48) was significantly lower in the intervention group (p < .001). Comparing between groups with adjustment for baseline values indicated that there was a statistically significant difference in terms of total calorie 95.46 (CI 95%: −22.37, 213.30), carbohydrate 23.45 (CI 95%: 2.12, 44.78), protein −7.16 (CI 95%: −12.85, −1.47) and fat 8.82 (CI 95%: 2.21, 15.67) intake. Despite the higher level of physical activity in the intervention group, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups.ConclusionCounselling interventions for healthy living during pregnancy can lead to controlling weight gain, improving dietary habits and increasing the physical activity in overweight pregnant women.

What do children, parents and staff think about a healthy lifestyles intervention delivered in primary schools? a qualitative study

ObjectivePrimary schools are crucial settings for early weight management interventions but effects on children’s weight are small and evidence shows that deficiencies in intervention implementation may be responsible. Very little...

Prediabetes and Their Contributed Factors: A Study in Semarang

&lt;p&gt;Background. Prediabetes is a condition when blood glucose levels are above normal but do not yet meet the criteria for diabetes mellitus. Many people have already been diagnosed with prediabetes. However, there is little data that shows the prevalence and characteristics of people with prediabetes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Objective. To identify the prevalence and demographic characteristics of adults with prediabetes in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Method. A cross-sectional study conducted in 21 Puskesmas (public health centers) in Semarang which were randomly selected from a total of 37 Puskemas. Out of 123 respondents participating in this study, 105 respondents met the inclusion criteria of the study. Oral Glucose Test Tolerance (OGTT) was done after peripherally screening for random glucose levels. Univariate analysis was performed to calculate the frequency and percentage of each variable.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Results. The result shows that the prevalence of adult respondents with prediabetes in this study accounted for 17.14%. This study also found that the respondents’ mean age was 38.57 ± 14.84. The majority of the respondents were women (66.7%). They have normal BMI, yet higher waist circumference (23.82 ± 4.48; 83.13 ± 11.34), respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Conclusion. Prediabetes is prevalent among adults in Semarang. Thus, to control the incidence of uncontrolled DM, screening needs to be done to identify individuals with prediabetes in order to prevent it from developing into DM. In addition, the application of healthy lifestyle interventions among adults at risk of diabetes also needs to be improved.&lt;/p&gt;

Nurse-Led Intervention Promoting Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors in a Yazidi Community

Introduction: Immigrating to a new country poses many challenges, including managing daily health care in a new environment. Yazidis experiencing long-standing ethnoreligious persecution in Northern Iraq, fled their homeland seeking safety and refuge in the United States, where approximately 10,000 Yazidi immigrants reside. Method: The researchers collaborated with Yazidi community members to design the healthy lifestyle intervention and ensure cultural sensitivity. Six weekly classes addressed healthy lifestyle behaviors. Data were collected on health promoting activities, biomarkers, and participants' experiences with the intervention. Results: Participants reported doing slightly more health promoting activities postintervention. Age-related health promoting activities were significantly different at baseline, χ2(2) = 6.093, p = .048, but not postintervention, χ2(2) = 0.212, p = .899. Median loss in biomarkers trended toward clinically significant findings. Participants recommended more strategies to manage stress. Discussion: The pilot study provided an empowering example of nurses collaborating with community members to design a culturally sensitive intervention.

Improving the physical health of the mentally ill: recent advances.

This review of the literature examines the most recent advances in the battle to improve the physical health of people with severe mental illness. Covering the 2018/2019 time period, the article offers a glance of future healthcare models and research directions. A systematic search of the PubMed and Cochrane databases, along with additional journal articles available online but not yet allocated to a journal edition, produced a total of 24 journal articles suitable for review. The review period was from January 2018 to December 2019. The four main themes of investigation, intervention, integration and training emerged. The uptake and integration of primary care into mental health services for people with SMI is still facing many barriers. Healthy lifestyle and physical activity interventions need to run alongside medical treatment for both mental and physical health in order to provide holistic care. To do this, clarification of professional roles and responsibility need to be defined and adhered to, along with additional training for staff and coordination of services.

Exercise And Nutrition Patterns Of Pregnant Women Self-Selecting For Participation In A Lifestyle Intervention

Exercise and healthy eating are integral parts of a comprehensive healthy lifestyle intervention during pregnancy. Women who volunteer to participate in such an intervention in early to mid-pregnancy may already be practicing healthy lifestyle habits such as walking 10,000 steps/day (active), and consuming 1800-2252 kilocalories/day (kcal), whereas most pregnant woman walk on average 3000-7000 steps/day (sedentary to low active) and consume 1882-2789 kcal/day. As such, intervention participants may not be representative of the general population of pregnant women, especially relating to exercise. PURPOSE: To assess the baseline exercise and nutrition patterns of pregnant women who enrol in a healthy lifestyle intervention in London, Canada. METHODS: Pregnant women who had self-selected to participate in a nutrition and exercise intervention completed a baseline (12-18 weeks gestation) 3-day step count log and 3-day food intake record (3dFR). Step counts were recorded over 3 consecutive days using a hip-worn pedometer or a wrist-worn activity tracker, and an average was calculated. The 3dFR was completed over the same 3 consecutive days and was analyzed for average energy intake (kcal) using Nutritionist Pro (NP; Axxya Systems). Measured height and self-reported pre-pregnancy weight were used to calculate pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI). Gestational age at study entry and maternal age were also collected. RESULTS: Ninety-seven pregnant women chose to participate in a healthy lifestyle intervention study and completed both the 3-day step count log and 3dFR at baseline. At study entry, mean daily steps were 7399±2741 (low to above normal range) and energy intake was 2305±634 kcal/day (within to above normal range). Pre-pregnancy BMI was 26.2±5 kg/m2 (overweight), gestational age was 15±3 weeks, and maternal age was 32±4 years. CONCLUSION: Many pregnant women who self-select to participate in a lifestyle intervention in early to mid-pregnancy may already have healthy patterns of exercise and to a lesser extent nutrition. To achieve a more representative sample of pregnant women, interventions could be performed in a clinical setting, which may allow for better identification of effective behaviour change strategies to promote and maintain healthy exercise and nutrition patterns during pregnancy.

A Healthy Lifestyle Intervention During Pregnancy: Key To Preventing Chronic Disease Risk?

Gestational hypertension disorders and diabetes affect 6-15% of all pregnancies worldwide and are associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes that can have a programming effect on future chronic disease risk. Pregnant women who receive lifestyle interventions, including healthy eating and/or physical activity, may have a decreased risk of developing complications. PURPOSE: To analyze the effects of a supervised healthy lifestyle intervention (nutrition and exercise) during pregnancy on diagnosis of gestational diabetes, hypertension, caesarean delivery, stillbirth, macrosomia (babies > 4500g), and low birth weight (babies < 2500g) in a cohort in London, Canada. METHODS: From 2016 to 2019, 111 women were enrolled at 12-18 weeks gestation in the Nutrition and Exercise Lifestyle Intervention Program (NELIP; Clinical Trials #NCT02804061) up to delivery. The nutrition goals for the intervention were: 1) Submit a weekly 24 hour-food intake record; 2) Consume approximately 1800-2200 kcal/d; and 3) Consume 200-250 g carbohydrates/d (40-55% of total energy intake). The exercise goals were: 1) Duration of session: Walk for 25 minutes and add 2 minutes each week until 40 minutes were achieved and then maintain this walking duration until delivery; 2) Frequency: 3-4 times per week; and 3) Submit a weekly step log (pedometers were provided to each participant). RESULTS: As of October 2019, the average duration of the intervention was 20.9 ± 3.9 wks. Out of the 75 participants that completed the intervention, maternal age was 32.2 ± 3.3 yrs, self-reported pre-pregnancy weight was 71.2 ± 15.3 kg, and gestational age at delivery was 278.1 ± 9.0 days. No participants were diagnosed with gestational diabetes or hypertension. Data from 52 babies indicated: birth weight was 3456.0 ± 442.4 g and length was 50.7 ± 3.1 cm. None were born with low birth weight and there were no cases of stillbirth. The rate of macrosomia was 1.9% (n = 1) and caesarean delivery was 27% (n = 14). CONCLUSION: A healthy lifestyle intervention during pregnancy may help to prevent gestational diabetes and hypertension, and help to reduce the prevalence of stillbirth, macrosomia, low birth weight, and caesarean deliveries. Taken together, these findings may have major positive implications for the long-term health of both mothers and babies.