Healthy Life Habits Research Articles

Análise dos domínios relativos à qualidade de vida de servidores da UNICAMP praticantes de exercícios físicos regularmente

A adoção de hábitos de vida saudável, como a prática de exercícios físicos, promove a saúde ao longo da vida, influenciam de maneira positiva, oferecendo uma melhor percepção da qualidade de vida que contempla aspectos multifatoriais. O objetivo foi analisar os domínios relativos à qualidade de vida dos servidores da Unicamp que praticaram regularmente exercícios físicos no Programa Mexa-se. Para tanto aplicou o questionário sobre qualidade de vida (SF-36) - meses de março e setembro de 2015. Na avaliação os menores valores foram encontrados nos domínios: estado geral de saúde, dor e aspectos físicos (62,85, 63,05 e 64,85); os maiores valores foram encontrados nos domínios: saúde mental, aspectos sociais e emocionais (72,06; 73,29 e 77,13), respectivamente. Já na reavaliação encontraram-se os menores valores nos domínios: estado geral de saúde, dor e vitalidade (74,02; 76,32 e 77,64); os maiores valores foram encontrados nos domínios: saúde mental, aspectos sociais e emocionais (85,33; 94,13 e 94,13), respectivamente, mas em todos os domínios os valores foram maiores na reavaliação após 06 meses de exercícios físicos no programa. Conclui-se que a qualidade de vida apesar de ser um fator subjetivo, os valores encontrados sendo maiores, indicaram uma melhor qualidade de vida, daí a importância desse processo educativo e investigativo dos domínios destacados. Enfoca-se, portanto, medidas de prevenção de riscos e de promoção da saúde que devem repercutir, mesmo que em longo prazo, na melhoria contínua e permanente da qualidade de vida do “homem”, ou melhor, dos participantes do Programa Mexa-se.

Estudo comparativo do índice de massa corporal entre diversos grupos de participantes do programa mexa-se

O IMC de populações é um dos métodos considerado de fácil aplicação e baixo custo, além disso, gera indicadores para identificar grupos que necessitam de intervenção nutricional. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o índice de massa corporal (IMC) entre sujeitos de diversos grupos praticantes de atividades físicas do Programa Mexa-se Unicamp (anos de 2010 a 2016), onde foram avaliados 205 sujeitos, ambos os gêneros e diversas faixas etárias, observando dados como peso, altura, idade e gêneros. Os testes foram realizados durante este período abrangendo grupos das 8:00 as 9:00 e das 12:00 as 13:00 de 2ª, 4ª e 6ª feiras. Para a medida do peso corporal utilizou-se uma balança digital HBF-214 (Omron), a estatura um estadiômetro (WCS), calculando-se o IMC através da fórmula (kg)/altura² (m²). Neste estudo, o gênero masculino foi representado por 62 sujeitos e o gênero feminino por 143 sujeitos. Do total de 205 sujeitos (41,17%) apresentaram IMC na faixa de 25,0 a 29,9 kg/m², classificados como sobrepeso; 33,95% foram classificados como obesidade I; 18,36% obesidade II em média e 9,38% obesidade III na somatória dos 07 grupos. Neste trabalho foi constatada elevada prevalência de indivíduos com sobrepeso e obesidade I (75,12%). Estes dados podem nortear a iniciativa de se elaborar campanhas de Educação Nutricional através do Cecom e Unicamp a fim de promover ações para a adoção de hábitos de vida saudáveis, uma vez que já existem iniciativas de praticas de atividades físicas na universidade.

Food Fun for Young Children Newsletter: Serving up Healthy Snacks and Meals That Include Healthy Eating Behavior Strategies

ObjectiveTo produce a newsletter that helps parents and caregivers prepare healthy meals and snacks, reduce mealtime stress, and aid in healthy eating habits targeted to children ages 2 to 5.Target AudienceParents and caregivers of children ages 2-5 and multiplier groups.Theory, Prior Research, RationaleAccording to MyPlate, “The preschool years are an important time for developing healthy habits for life. From the ages of 2 to 5, children grow and develop in ways that affect behavior in all areas, including eating.”DescriptionContent is posted online as a webpage and printer-friendly PDF. Newsletters are distributed monthly through an email notification listserv and promoted through social media. Recipes are tested for accuracy of directions and product quality.EvaluationAn online survey was sent to listserv subscribers (n=332). Survey completion incentive was entry into a random $25 gift card drawing. Survey respondents (n=96) self-reported changes. Approximately 70% used newsletters one to three times a month and said they were helpful in the following ways: provided reliable, trusted information (68%), generated new programming ideas (57%), helped children try new foods (52%), provided tips for feeding children (45%), increased MyPlate food groups at meals and snacks (30%), provided social media topic ideas (28%), and increased work efficiency/productivity (25%).Conclusions and ImplicationsUtilizing an online format for sharing recipes is a productive vehicle to provide feeding and healthy eating tips and strategies to audiences. Building on the interest of users by offering new, healthy, and tasty recipes for children provides a means for increasing awareness of and action toward more desirable behaviors.FundingNone ObjectiveTo produce a newsletter that helps parents and caregivers prepare healthy meals and snacks, reduce mealtime stress, and aid in healthy eating habits targeted to children ages 2 to 5. To produce a newsletter that helps parents and caregivers prepare healthy meals and snacks, reduce mealtime stress, and aid in healthy eating habits targeted to children ages 2 to 5. Target AudienceParents and caregivers of children ages 2-5 and multiplier groups. Parents and caregivers of children ages 2-5 and multiplier groups. Theory, Prior Research, RationaleAccording to MyPlate, “The preschool years are an important time for developing healthy habits for life. From the ages of 2 to 5, children grow and develop in ways that affect behavior in all areas, including eating.” According to MyPlate, “The preschool years are an important time for developing healthy habits for life. From the ages of 2 to 5, children grow and develop in ways that affect behavior in all areas, including eating.” DescriptionContent is posted online as a webpage and printer-friendly PDF. Newsletters are distributed monthly through an email notification listserv and promoted through social media. Recipes are tested for accuracy of directions and product quality. Content is posted online as a webpage and printer-friendly PDF. Newsletters are distributed monthly through an email notification listserv and promoted through social media. Recipes are tested for accuracy of directions and product quality. EvaluationAn online survey was sent to listserv subscribers (n=332). Survey completion incentive was entry into a random $25 gift card drawing. Survey respondents (n=96) self-reported changes. Approximately 70% used newsletters one to three times a month and said they were helpful in the following ways: provided reliable, trusted information (68%), generated new programming ideas (57%), helped children try new foods (52%), provided tips for feeding children (45%), increased MyPlate food groups at meals and snacks (30%), provided social media topic ideas (28%), and increased work efficiency/productivity (25%). An online survey was sent to listserv subscribers (n=332). Survey completion incentive was entry into a random $25 gift card drawing. Survey respondents (n=96) self-reported changes. Approximately 70% used newsletters one to three times a month and said they were helpful in the following ways: provided reliable, trusted information (68%), generated new programming ideas (57%), helped children try new foods (52%), provided tips for feeding children (45%), increased MyPlate food groups at meals and snacks (30%), provided social media topic ideas (28%), and increased work efficiency/productivity (25%). Conclusions and ImplicationsUtilizing an online format for sharing recipes is a productive vehicle to provide feeding and healthy eating tips and strategies to audiences. Building on the interest of users by offering new, healthy, and tasty recipes for children provides a means for increasing awareness of and action toward more desirable behaviors. Utilizing an online format for sharing recipes is a productive vehicle to provide feeding and healthy eating tips and strategies to audiences. Building on the interest of users by offering new, healthy, and tasty recipes for children provides a means for increasing awareness of and action toward more desirable behaviors.

Work ability and health of security guards at a public University: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: to evaluate the work ability and health status of security guards at a public University. Methods: a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study was carried with 119 security guards. The following instruments were used: Work Ability Index (WAI), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ, short), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Medical Outcomes Study (MOS), and Demand-Control-Support (DCS). Descriptive statistics were used to describe the study samples and the Spearman's coefficient correlation was performed to assess the WAI. Significance level was set at 5%. Results: samples were composed by men; the mean age was 54.9 years (SD=5.7); 80% had partners, and 75% had basic education. The majority (95%) had only one job, the average length of service was 24.8 years (SD=11), ranging from 3 to 43 years. 88.9% worked ≤40 hours and 75% did not work at night shift or rotating shifts. The average score given to work ability was good (40.7 points), with significant correlation to social support at work (p-value=0.002), health conditions (p-value=0.094), and depression symptoms (p-value=0.054). Conclusion: this study showed that many characteristics might affect the work ability scores. Considering the results, we note that healthy life habits and a reorganization of work environments should be encouraged.

Hábitos alimentarios y de actividad física de alumnado de Educación Primaria: estudio descriptivo de un colegio de Pontevedra

El aumento de sobrepeso y obesidad infantil es un problema actual de salud pública. La implementación de estrategias educativas sobre hábitos de vida saludable a edades tempranas es un adecuado medio de prevención y cambio. El objetivo del estudio fue describir los hábitos de alimentación y de actividad física en alumnado de primaria de un colegio de Pontevedra para obtener datos previos a futuras intervenciones educativas. Sobre una muestra de un total de 75 alumnos/as de 4º de Educación Primaria del Colegio Sagrado Corazón (Pontevedra, España) se administró un cuestionario realizado ad hoc de un total de 20 preguntas sobre sus hábitos alimentarios y de actividad física. Además se calculó su Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC). De los resultados se destaca que un 32% no realiza desayuno a media mañana y un 10,6% del alumnado posee sobrepeso. El nivel de actividad física es más alto en niños que niñas. En función de los resultados se vislumbra la necesidad de fomentar estrategias educativas para incrementar tanto los niveles de actividad física y de educación nutricional en la etapa de educación primaria.

THE PROCESS OF AGING AND THE ELDERLY UNDER THE VISION OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN THE HEALTH FIELD

Objective: Verify the perspective of university students of health facing the process of aging and about the elderly and the adoption of healthy habits, that may help to prevent and/or control illnesses and maintain the functional capacity of the aging. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study composed of 200 college students. Questionnaires were applied to students at Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Sao Paulo, Brazil,in the physical therapy, nursing and psychology programs. Of the 200 questionnaires, 13 were excluded because they were incomplete. Results: 85.00% of respondents believe that successful aging is aging with good physical and mental condition, 47.60% fear being dependent on others, 28.50% believe that they become elderly when they present difficulties in performing everyday tasks and 70.40% always respect the rights of the elderly. Overall, respondents do not maintain healthy life habits that would lead to a successful process of aging, 65.2% do not exercise. Conclusion: The results showed that in most cases the interviewees respect the rights of the elderly; however, they have a negative view of the aging process and the elderly. Descriptors: Aging; Education; Health of the Elderly

Communication Between the Obese Patient and Bariatric Surgeon

Communication between the bariatric surgeon and the obese patient is very important as it influences the expectations of patients with regard to surgery, aim of the surgery and the understanding of the mechanisms of failure of surgery. Furthermore, the incidence of certain psychopathology in these patients makes it necessary for the surgeon to have the ability to communicate to the patient the need for motivation and the maintenance of healthy life habits. Although the topic is subjective, in this article we review several useful recommendations to optimise communication before and after surgery. Finally, we emphasise the need to create workshops to train the bariatric surgeon in these issues that we consider so important.

일부 노인의 생활습관들이 치주질환 자각증상에 미치는 영향

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the effects of life habits of some elders on subjective symptoms of periodontal disease. Methods: The subjects of the study were 287 elderly people in Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do by convenience sampling method. A questionnaire was completed by one to one interview method from January 17 to September 10, 2014. The questionnaire consisted of demographical characteristics and subjective symptoms of periodontal diseases by healthy life habits, dietary life habits, and oral healthy life habits. Data were analyzed by SPSS 18.0. Results: Smokers tended to have higher subjective symptoms of periodontal diseases than the non-smokers because smokers ingested more alcohol than the nonsmokers. The smokers tended to consume less meat, fish, beans and vegetables. The smokers did not brush their teeth frequently. They did not visit the dental clinics frequently for the scaling services. Conclusions: The development of oral health improvement program is very important and necessary for the elderly people and the program will enhance the health-related quality of life in the elderly.

Desafios e reflexões na implantação de um programa de educação Alimentar e Nutricional (EAN) em indivíduos com excesso de peso

Objective: To report the experience of Food and Nutrition Education (FNE) activities developed with overweight and obesity patients. Data overview: Food and nutrition education sessions were developed with class I and II overweight and obesity patients in the outpatient center of the Hospital Universitario/Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora – HU/ UFJF (University Hospital of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora who participated in the extension project “Saude na Balanca” (Weighing Health). Sessions were carried out in groups and took place weekly in the 1st month, fortnightly in the 2nd and 3rd months, and monthly up to the 6th month, in the period from September 2012 to September 2013. During one year of activities, four groups were developed with a total of 46 volunteers who agreed to participate in the sessions. Nutrition issues that supported individual care were discussed in these sessions. The team identified that place, time, frequency of sessions, availability of time and lack of financial resources were factors affecting patient’s adherence to treatment; thus, some of them were modified and a better adherence could already be verified in the last group. However, 17 dropouts were still recorded. According to patients’ self-reports, it was possible to see positives changes in eating habits and in the way to deal with obesity and associated comorbidities. Conclusion: In the course of activities, a bond between the team and the participants was established, allowing the identification of demands and effective ways of working with groups, proving that FNE helps the individual approach as it allows experiences and information exchange, expanding the power of choices for healthy life habits.

OCORRÊNCIA DE COMPLICAÇÕES CRÔNICAS E SEUS FATORES DE RISCO EM PACIENTES DIABÉTICOS ATENDIDOS PELO PROGRAMA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA DE MURIAÉ-MG

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a ocorrência de complicações associadas ao diabetes e identificar seus fatores de risco em indivíduos com diabetes mellitus assistidos pelo Programa Saúde da Família de Muriaé-MG. Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo, transversal no período de fevereiro a junho de 2009 na unidade do Programa de Saúde da Família (PSF) do bairro São Gotardo no município de Muriaé, MG. A amostra foi constituída por 50 pacientes. As informações de cada participante foram obtidas por meio de um questionário estruturado. As informações sobre a ocorrência de complicações crônicas do diabetes foram obtidas por meio da análise dos prontuários dos pacientes. Foi observado que 23 (46,0%) pacientes não apresentavam complicação da doença, enquanto 27 (54,0%) apresentavam pelo menos uma complicação, sendo as mais frequentes retinopatia, presente em 18 (66,67%) pacientes, doenças cardiovasculares (14, 51,85%) e neuropatia diabética (11, 40,74%). Os fatores de risco mais prevalentes foram sedentarismo (39, 78,0%), obesidade central (7, 74,0%) e HAS (35, 70,0%). Ainda são necessários grandes esforços na atenção primária ao paciente diabético com relação ao tratamento adequado da doença e à adesão de hábitos de vida saudáveis, pois a presença de complicações associadas ao estado de saúde geral dos pacientes diabéticos diminui significativamente a qualidade de vida desta população.

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Objective: Albeit the unfold of recent discoveries regarding non-drug therapeutic approaches to resistant hypertension (RH), such as catheter-based renal denervation, its role is getting more boldly defined. The correct diagnosis of true RH remains the foundation towards proper patient selection and palpable benefits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of a short hospital admission to accurately identify eligible patients to RD. Design and method: It was carried out a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study, encompassing RH patients followed in ambulatory regimen, who were hospitalised between January 2009 and December 2014 and actively engaged in a restrict dietary and pharmacological plan. Results: A total of 14 patients and 15 admissions were identified. The average age was 62 years old and 60% were women. The average duration of hospitalisation was 3 days and two RH cases were due to a secondary cause. The patients were using an average of 6 antihypertensives agents (including diuretic), prevailing the central action and calcium channel blockers. All patients had uncontrolled BP in ABPM prior to hospitalisation (24 h BP average was 158/ 108/ 85 mmHg for systolic/ mean/ diastolic, respectively, with 88% hypertensive load). Average cardiac frequency was 71 bpm, pulse pressure was 75 mmHg, and only 20% had a dipper pattern. With the hospital admission, all patients have improved BP values (average pressure at discharge of 135/74 mmHg) and with fewer medication (median of five agents). All patients kept follow-up (median of 4 months after discharge), with an average BP of 160/ 79 mmHg. One patient had a cardiovascular major event (stroke) after hospitalisation. Conclusions: All cases in this study were pseudoRH, with two patients (14%) having a secondary cause identified. The remaining cases were probably consequence of adhesion failure to medication and healthy life habits on an daily basis. These results stress the importance of correct RH recognition in a controlled environment in order to avoid false indications for non pharmacological solutions such as RD.

La comunicación entre el paciente obeso y el cirujano bariátrico

Communication between the bariatric surgeon and the obese patient is very important as it influences the expectations of patients with regard to surgery, aim of the surgery and the understanding of the mechanisms of failure of surgery. Furthermore, the incidence of certain psychopathology in these patients makes it necessary for the surgeon to have the ability to communicate to the patient the need for motivation and the maintenance of healthy life habits. Although the topic is subjective, in this article we review several useful recommendations to optimize communication before and after surgery. Finally, we emphasize the need to create workshops to train the bariatric surgeon in these issues that we consider so important.

WAVE Pilot Study: Comparison of High School Soccer Players and Parents' Confidence, Expectations, and Practices in Food and Nutrition to Support Youth Sports Performance

ObjectiveThe WAVE Pilot Study, a 2yr obesity prevention intervention for high‐school soccer players (14‐19y) aim to understand the knowledge and skills needed by high school soccer players and parents to support sports performance.MethodsForty‐two parent and child dyads independently completed a self‐administered survey about their confidence, expectations, and applications of food and nutrition knowledge and skills, healthy life habits, including screen time. Parent‐child agreements were compared to identify potential needs for the WAVE Pilot Study to meet.ResultsThe top three skills that children (n=55) rated themselves lacking include: gardening (63%), cooking (47%), and grocery shopping (40%). Parents (n=42) rated themselves lacking in gardening skills (46%), sports nutrition knowledge (38%), and meal planning ideas for before/during/after game (31%). The highest agreement in the dyads was parental role modeling of healthy eating (57%). The two lowest dyad agreements were: 1) parents setting rules and expectations for what their children should eat (29%), and 2) how long children are allowed to spend on screen time (29%).ConclusionsThese results help identify key topics of interest for active children and parents, which can be expanded on to promote targeted healthy living messages. Areas of disagreement open up further discussion and opportunities for targeted intervention to prevent childhood obesity.SponsorNIFA AFRI Award No. 2013‐67001‐20418

Hazelnut factory workers in working in the evaluation of the frequency of obesity and healthy life habits

Hazelnut factory workers in working in the evaluation of the frequency of obesity and healthy life habits

Sleep quality and some factors affecting sleep quality in the students living in the residence hall of a university

AIM: Sleep disorders are remarkable public health problems as they adversely affect physical, mental and social health and may cause accidents and decline in academic performance and labor productivity. Aim of the study is assessing sleep quality and determining some factors affecting sleep quality in the students living in the residence hall of a university. METHOD: It is a cross sectional study conducted with 277 students, 180 of whom are female. Data were collected via a questionnaire including Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and socio-demographic characteristics query. RESULTS: According to PSQI, 41.1% of students have bad sleep quality. Sleep quality of male students and students who are overweight/obese or living in more crowded rooms in the hall of residence is worse than other students’. Prevalence of bad sleep quality is higher in medication users, participants thinking that they have problems in sleeping or falling asleep and had stressful experience in the last month. The differences between groups were statistically significant. In logistic regression analyzes, using medication (OR=2.54), having problems in sleep (OR=12.75), having problems in falling asleep (OR=8.83) and bad experiences in the last month (OR=2.66) have effects on sleep quality. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions about sleep disorders are important due to their preventable characteristics. Developing healthy life habits, improving physical conditions and coping with stress will be effective on preventing and treating sleep disorders.

Factors Associated with Self-rated Health of Rural Population: A Report from the Prospective Observational Study

Factors Associated with Self-rated Health of Rural Population: A Report from the Prospective Observational Study

Effectiveness of a multimedia outreach kit for families of wounded veterans

BackgroundYoung children in military families with a member who has a life changing injury can experience emotional difficulties and behavior changes. ObjectiveThis study evaluated a Sesame Workshop multimedia kit called: Talk, Listen, Connect: Changes (TLC-II(C); 2008). The kit, which included video and print materials, aimed to help caregivers (i.e., at-home partner, at-home relative or family member of a current or discharged military member) assist young children as they adjusted to their parent's injury. We expected that the materials would be used and their quality evaluated. We hypothesized that use of the materials would produce improvements in caregiver and child outcomes as well as reductions in perceptions of disruption in the home. We also predicted that kit-use would have a positive impact on the family. MethodsOne-hundred and fifty three families with children aged 2–8 years were randomly assigned to receive the kit being evaluated (TLC-II(C)) or a control kit (Healthy Habits for Life (HHL)), also developed by Sesame Workshop. Group outcomes were compared four weeks following receipt of the kits using multivariate analysis of variance. ResultsAll materials were well used and highly rated. All caregivers reported less social isolation, less child aggression, and significantly less disruptive home environments after kit use. Test group caregivers reported significantly greater reductions in depressive symptoms and significant increases in children's social competence over time in comparison to the control group. ConclusionsThese results signal important improvements among families as a consequence of using either test or control materials. As a preventative intervention designed for families with an injured member, TLC-II(C) was particularly effective at improving coping.

Pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes a broad spectrum of alterations that go from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2) and obesity are the principle factors associated to NAFLD. A 20-30 % prevalence in general population has been described. The survival of this type of patient is lower than the general population's, showing a higher incidence of hepatic and cardiovascular complications. The aetiopathogenesis is still unclear, but we know the intervention of different factors that produce fatty-acid accumulation in hepatic parenchyma, causing oxidative stress, oxygen-free radicals and the synthesis of an inflammatory cascade, that determine the progression of this disease from steatosis up to advanced fibrosis.The diagnostic gold-standard is still the liver biopsy, even though the development of newer non-invasive techniques, like serological and imaging (radiology), have opened a new field for research that allows bloodless testing of these patients and better study of the natural history of this disease. Nowadays, there is still no specific treatment for NAFLD. The development of healthy life habits and moderate exercise continue to be the pillars of treatment. Different pharmacological approaches have been studied and applied, such as the control of insulin resistance, lowering cholesterol levels, antioxidants, and other alternatives in experimental trials.

Atitudes e motivações em relação ao consumo de alimentos orgânicos em Belo Horizonte - MG

O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar o mercado consumidor de alimentos orgânicos em Belo Horizonte-MG, incluindo o perfil socioeconômico e o comportamento dos consumidores, sua percepção e seu conhecimento sobre alimentos orgânicos, além das principais motivações e limitações em relação ao consumo desses produtos. Uma pesquisa descritiva direta e estruturada (survey) foi realizada com 400 consumidores de alimentos orgânicos, por meio da aplicação de questionários semiestruturados. A maioria dos consumidores era do gênero feminino (76,0%), com idade superior a 30 anos (90,3%), em união estável (81,3%), graduados (81,5%) e com renda familiar elevada (acima de 12 S.M.⁄mês) (78,7%). A maioria definiu alimento orgânico como um alimento isento de resíduos de agrotóxicos (69,7%). Alimentos orgânicos foram mencionados conter maiores níveis de nutrientes do que os convencionais (82,0%), além de serem isentos de organismos geneticamente modificados (75,0%) e produtos químicos sintéticos (86,0%). A maioria mostrou preocupação em manter hábitos de vida saudáveis, sendo que 80,5% exercitavam-se regularmente e 49,2% já haviam feito alguma dieta ou recebido orientações nutricionais. Todos acreditavam nos benefícios à saúde advindos do consumo dos produtos orgânicos e quase a totalidade (98,8%) já havia percebido melhorias na saúde em decorrência desse consumo. Somente 16,3% consumiam outros alimentos orgânicos além de frutas e hortaliças. A preocupação com a saúde, assim como o maior conteúdo de nutrientes e o sabor mais pronunciado do que os alimentos convencionais, foram as maiores motivações para o consumo de frutas e hortaliças orgânicas. Grande parte dos consumidores apresentou conhecimento superficial sobre a temática, o que evidenciou a necessidade de maiores esclarecimentos sobre o assunto. Uma demanda reprimida por tais produtos pôde ser observada, pois, apesar do grande interesse por alimentos orgânicos, fatores como preço elevado e baixa qualidade limitaram o consumo destes produtos em Belo Horizonte.

Temperament Clusters in a Normal Population: Implications for Health and Disease

BackgroundThe object of this study was to identify temperament patterns in the Finnish population, and to determine the relationship between these profiles and life habits, socioeconomic status, and health.Methods/Principal FindingsA cluster analysis of the Temperament and Character Inventory subscales was performed on 3,761 individuals from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 and replicated on 2,097 individuals from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study. Clusters were formed using the k-means method and their relationship with 115 variables from the areas of life habits, socioeconomic status and health was examined.ResultsFour clusters were identified for both genders. Individuals from Cluster I are characterized by high persistence, low extravagance and disorderliness. They have healthy life habits, and lowest scores in most of the measures for psychiatric disorders. Cluster II individuals are characterized by low harm avoidance and high novelty seeking. They report the best physical capacity and highest level of income, but also high rate of divorce, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Individuals from Cluster III are not characterized by any extreme characteristic. Individuals from Cluster IV are characterized by high levels of harm avoidance, low levels of exploratory excitability and attachment, and score the lowest in most measures of health and well-being.ConclusionsThis study shows that the temperament subscales do not distribute randomly but have an endogenous structure, and that these patterns have strong associations to health, life events, and well-being.