Healthy Life Habits Research Articles

Nursing outcomes and social support intervention for diabetes self-management: consensus study

Highlights Self-management of type 2 diabetes allows for better health outcomes, maintains independence, and improves quality of life for longer periods of time. Nursing interventions help professionals accurately assess the health status and outcomes of the target population while providing scientific evidence. The nursing professional is a significant source of social support in the self-management of diabetes mellitus. The outcomes achieved by patients are the most important indicators of quality in health care, allowing clarifying nursing knowledge and determining the effectiveness of care. Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent chronic noncommunicable diseases in the world. Objective: To validate by expert consensus the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) self-management: diabetes (1619) and social support (1504), as well as to validate the intervention of social support for adults in the self-management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Materials and Methods: A consensus study. Several phases were delimited for validation: the first was to validate the results and indicators; the second was to construct and validate the conceptual and operational definitions; and the magnitude of the selected indicators; and the third was to design and validate the intervention of social support for adults in the self-management of DM2. Results: 28 indicators were selected and validated by experts out of the 44 that make up the nursing outcome of self-management: diabetes, and 9 indicators out of the 12 that make up the social support outcome, both with a Content Validity Index (CVI) of 0.98. As for the intervention, a social support intervention was designed for the self-management of DM2, individualized, and made up of 4 sessions. The components of the intervention include generalities of DM2, healthy life habits, safe care, and emotional support. Discussion: Nursing professionals must evaluate people who experience diabetes, and their capacity for self-management and social support in order to provide appropriate interventions and evaluate their effectiveness. Conclusions: The study significantly evidenced the validation of the two nursing outcomes and their respective indicators, added to the conceptual and operational definitions, and their magnitude. How to cite this article: Garizábalo-Dávila Claudia Milena, Cañon-Montañez Wilson, Rodríguez-Acelas Alba Luz. Nursing Outcomes and Social Support Intervention for Diabetes Self-management: Consensus Study. Revista Cuidarte. 2024;15(3):e3742. https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.3742

Healthy Life Habits in Caregivers of Children in Vulnerable Populations: A Cluster Analysis.

Intervention programs aimed at mitigating the effects of chronic noncommunicable disease (CNDs) focus on promoting healthy lifestyle habits (HLH), especially in the early stages of life. Because of this, different typologies of caregivers have been identified according to HLH during middle childhood and adolescence. However, the available studies have focused on aspects such as nutrition, physical activity, and rest, ignoring other HLHs that are equally important for children's well-being. Likewise, few studies address HLH during the first five years of life and how caregivers affect children's health. In a sample of 544 caregivers of children aged zero to five years from low-income Colombian communities, we established a typology of attitudes toward different HLHs. The results indicate the presence of three clusters that grouped caregivers with (1) positive attitudes toward all HLHs, (2) toward some HLHs, and (3) relatively low positive attitudes toward all HLHs. Membership in clusters with less positive attitudes toward HLHs was also found to be associated with low educational levels and living in rural areas. This study detected profiles of caregivers who may have unhealthy lifestyles, so the results would allow social workers to design differential interventions on HLHs in non-industrialized countries.

Magnitude and Predictors of Dietary Diversity among HIV-Infected Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy: The Case of North-Western, Ghana.

Though people living with HIV/AIDS require a good combination of antiretroviral therapy and healthy dietary habits for a quality life and positive medical outcomes, little is, however, known regarding the dietary practices of HIV-positive patients who receive antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the Lawra Municipality. This study assessed the magnitude and factors associated with dietary diversity among HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART). This study was a facility-based cross-sectional study of 269 study participants recruited using a systematic random sampling technique. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with their dietary diversity. This study shows that only 36 (13.4%) of the sample consumed a diversified diet with a mean dietary diversity score of 3.7 ± 0.99. Starchy staple foods (96.7%) and flesh food (92.9%) were the most consumed foods. Being a nonfarmer employee (AOR = 10.76, 95% CI = 1.03-112.35), not taking cotrimoxazole prophylaxis (AOR = 3.76, 95% CI = 1.02-14.37) and adults of age 18-27 years (AOR = 5.95, 95% CI = 1.18-30.07) were significant predictors of high dietary diversity. This study revealed that dietary diversity was a significant nutritional problem among HIV-positive adults in Lawra Municipal Hospital. Starchy staple foods and flesh food were the most consumed foods, while organ meats, dairy products, and eggs were eaten less. Having a secured salary paid job, not taking cotrimoxazole prophylaxis, and being a young adult were strong predictors of a high dietary diversity score. Therefore, efforts should be made to strengthen and improve the economic status and to educate these vulnerable groups on the need to adhere to cotrimoxazole prophylaxis uptake.

Social Media Addiction and Healthy Life Habits: A Comparative Study of New York City - USA and Lahore - Pakistan

Purpose: Developing comparative analysis between negative and positive health habits among young adults in wake of social media usage among youth in Lahore – Pakistan and New York, USA, is the core objective of this research. Different parameters applied on habits of young adults due to social media usage revealed excessive use of social media was resulting into negative effects on healthy habits of young adults in Pakistan, wherein social media was the least preference in USA. The purpose of the study was achieved to great extent.
 Design/Methodology/Approach: The study employed in-depth interviews qualitative method to extract detailed opinions about the phenomenon under exploration. In-depth interview technique seemed the most appropriate method for qualitative studies for data collection.
 Findings: A massive gulf between social media consuming habits of Pakistani and Americans owing to multiple factors was established from this study. With the support of relevant stakeholders including cellular companies, prominent figures of society and Tech icons in USA has chalked out a comprehensive social-structural mechanism for wellbeing of the society at large particularly the young adults wherein the developing nations including Pakistan has least concern about this important component of social wellbeing.
 Implications/Originality/Value: The US citizens love to enjoy through physical activities i.e., plan weekends and other events and even they avoid using cell phones / social media while dinning collectively at restaurants. In Lahore, however, the youngsters have developed negative social media usage habits which are highly affecting their healthy lifestyle.

Factors affecting depression in adolescents with increased suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This study examines factors influencing depression in adolescents with increased suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic, based on an ecological model and using data from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey, 2018. We selected adolescents whose suicidal ideation increased between the third and fourth years of the pandemic and who identified their parents as their guardians. Factors related to depression in adolescents were analyzed using stepwise multiple regression, while considering personal and environmental characteristics in the family and school domains. All models were significant, and Model 3 explained 26.8% of the variance. In Model 3, personal characteristics-physical activity, sleep quality on school days, and smartphone dependence-affected adolescents' depression. Parents' life satisfaction and a rejective childrearing attitude were also found to be significant factors affecting adolescents' depression, along with school life satisfaction and school type. Our findings can inform evidence-based nursing interventions to reduce depression in adolescents with increased suicidal ideation. They can also contribute to building strategies to promote mental health in schools after the pandemic, forming healthy life habits, and laying the foundation for lifelong health.

Effects of a Physical Literacy Breaks (PLBreaks) Program on Physical Literacy and Body Composition in Portuguese Schoolchildren: A Study Protocol.

Simple SummaryActive breaks have led to improvements in physical fitness, daily steps taken or even improvements in the health of participants who have taken them. However, no study has assessed how they affect physical literacy (PL). This study will try to explore the effect of a programme based on active breaks (PLBreaks) on PL and body composition of schoolchildren. For this purpose, the PLBreaks programme will be carried out for 3 months and 3 days a week. The PLBreaks programme will consist of two blocks of 10 min of different physical activities (PA). The first block will be focused on the acquisition of knowledge and healthy life habits that will contribute to the development of the domains of knowledge and understanding and daily activities. The second block will be focused on the physical competence and motivation through games. Furthermore, a control group who will follow their usual daily activities is included. This would allow the investigation of whether the PLBreaks programme leads to an improvement in PL and body composition in schoolchildren. If the effectiveness of the programme is demonstrated, the programme could be included in public education programmes, representing a scientific advance in terms of improving health-related PA and adherence, as well as the prevention of diseases associated with inactivity.(1) Background: Several studies have shown that active breaks have led to different improvements in their participants. However, no studies have assessed how they affect physical literacy (PL). (2) Aims: Therefore, this study will examine the effect of the PLBreaks programme on school children’s PL and body composition. (3) Methods: A parallel-group randomised controlled trial will be conducted with assessments of PL (Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy Development) and body composition (height, bodyweight, fat mass and fat-free mass) before and after an active breaks programme. PLBreak programme will run for 3 months and will be carried out 3 days a week for 20 min each day. The PLBreaks programme will consist of two blocks of 10 min of different physical activities (PA). The first block will be focused on the acquisition of knowledge and healthy life habits that will contribute to the development of the domains of knowledge and understanding and daily activity. The second block will be focused on physical competence and motivation throughout games. (4) Conclusions: The present study will investigate the efficacy of PLBreaks in schoolchildren in improving their PL and body composition. If the efficacy of the program is demonstrated, including the programme in public education programmes can be possible. This could be a scientific breakthrough in terms of health-related PA improvement and adherence, as well as the prevention of diseases associated with inactivity.

Effect of night-shift work on cortisol circadian rhythm and melatonin levels.

ObjectivesNight-shift work has been associated with several negative effects on worker’s health, possibly due to circadian desynchronization, sleep deprivation and suppression of nocturnal melatonin secretion including exposure to light during the work shift. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of fixed night-shift work versus day-shift work on the sleep-wake cycle and on the night and day levels of cortisol and melatonin.Material and MethodsSaliva samples were obtained from 36 individuals, 19 day workers (12 women and 7 men) and 17 night workers (12 women and 5 men) from a university hospital in southern Brazil, with no history of chronic diseases. Demographic and personal information were obtained through a self-administered questionnaire and sleep information by the Munich chronotype questionnaire.ResultsSalivary cortisol showed normal circadian rhythm in day- and night-shift workers, but was attenuated in night-shift workers during their working hours and on leave days. Night workers sleep fewer hours at night and have higher negative social jet lag than day workers.ConclusionIntervals between night shifts can be beneficial for the recovery of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, minimizing the negative effects on workers’ health, in addition to a preventive approach to aspects related to sleep hygiene and healthy life habits.

Confirmatory Validation of an Evaluation Instrument for Interventions Based on the Healthy Habits App Healthy Jeart with Adolescents.

Mobile devices are widely used among young people, and their use for health promotion is in-creasing. Healthy Jeart is a mobile application aimed at promoting healthy life habits among people aged 8–16 years. The aim of this study was to develop and validate an instrument that allows evaluating the healthy knowledge, habits and attitudes learned by adolescents aged 12–16 years through the Healthy Jeart application. Attending to the content of Healthy Jeart, a first version of the evaluation instrument was generated. It was subjected to expert judgement. The second version was administered to 429 adolescents from six educational centres of Andalusia to carry out the validation of the construct through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. After exploration, a six-factor model was confirmed, with a very adequate level of fit and good internal consistency. The six factors were: (1) knowledge about eating and physical activity, (2) habits about eating and physical activity, (3) emotional health, (4) consumption of alcohol and drugs, (5) social relationships and (6) sexual activities and use of technologies. There are at least four instruments that could be used to measure health-promoting behaviours. However, this new instrument was created ad hoc. It measures exactly the results that can be expected. Healthy Jeart will now have a valid and reliable evaluation instrument: Ev-HealthyJRT v.1.0. Young people, teachers and other professionals who carry out health-promotion interventions based on Healthy Jeart with adolescents will have at their disposal an instrument integrated in this app that allows verifying the learning results. However, the validated instrument can be used for evaluation in other interventions, as long as the multiple and essential aspects of a healthy living are addressed as in Healthy Jeart.

Cognitive restraint, emotional eating and uncontrolled eating: Exploring factors associated with the cycle of behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic

The objective of this study was to analyze the factors associated with Cognitive Restraint, Emotional Eating, and Uncontrolled Eating behaviors with perceptions of life habits, body image, eating habits, and food consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sociodemographic data, eating behavior, perceptions about life and eating habits, body image, and food consumption were collected. Factors associated with each of the three eating behaviors were accessed through three multiple linear regressions controlled for age, sex, BMI, education level, and monthly income. Cognitive restraint was associated with being active during the pandemic (β = 5.85), attempted weight loss (β = 11.89), perception of overweight (β = 9.10), better eating habits in the pandemic (β = 6.55), and decreased consumption of refined cereals (β = 5.60) and fast foods (β = 8.23). Emotional eating was associated with increased stress during the pandemic (β = 7.10), worse sleep (β = 4.74), body dissatisfaction (β = 4.85), perception of overweight (β = 7.45), attempted weight loss (β = 4.19), increase in the amount of food consumed (β = 9.34), increased food delivery purchase (β = 5.13), increase in consumption of sweets and desserts (β = 7.17) and reduction in consumption of vegetables (β=- 5.26). Uncontrolled eating was associated with working>8 h/day (β = 4.04), increased stress during the pandemic (β = 3.65), body dissatisfaction (β = 6.59), worse eating habits in the pandemic (β = 5.21), and an increase in the amount of food consumed (β = 8.73). Cognitive restraint behavior was associated with healthy life habits and negative body image variables. In contrast, emotional eating and uncontrolled eating were associated with negative body image and unhealthy eating habits.

IMPLEMENTATION OF HEALTH SCHOOL PROGRAM (UKS) IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

Background:The Health school program (UKS) is an effort to develop healthy life habits with three main programs which include: health education, health services, and fostering a healthy lifestyle in school.This researchdescribesthe implementation of the health school program and determine factors influencing the UKS's implementation.Method: Qualitative research design and descriptive. Informantsdeterminedto use purposive sampling.Subjects research washeadmaster, homeroom teachers (I, III, VI), sports teacher, and UKS teacher.Techniquedata collection wasan observation, interviews, and documentation. Validity data was checked with the triangulation technique. Qualitative data analysis used an interactive model based on the theory of George C. Edward III, which consists of communication, resources, dispositions, and bureaucratic structures.Result: The health school programhaven’t been implemented optimally, especially in the resource. Facilityfor UKS isn’t complete and the number is insufficiency. There isn’ta specific budget for the implementation ofthe health school program. Supporting factor is communication; there is threehealth school programthat always communicated to school residents. Disposition factor; there is a good understanding of health school program implementers. Bureaucratic structure factor; there is SOP's existence in implementing the health school program.Conclusion:Implementation of health school program has not been maximized, so it needs to be supported by all factors, both communication factors, resource factors, disposition factors, and bureaucratic factors.

The Relationship between Parents' Behavior and the Implementation of PHBS Habits in Children During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Introduction: The condition of the corona virus makes a new change for children starting from learning methods that require a brave system and clean and healthy living habits (PHBS) in everyday life. Objectives: The objective of this research was to find out the correlation between the parents’ behaviors and the clean and healthy life behavioral habits (PHBS) for children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This research used a cross-sectional method. This research took samples from mothers with children aged 6-12 years old with a total of 45 participants. They were taken randomly. The data collection used questionnaire filling directly. The data analysis used the spearman-rank correlation. Results The findings showed a significant correlation between the parents’ behaviors and the PHBS of the children. The spearman test showed a p-value of 0.000. It indicated the correlation of parents with the clean and healthy life habits of children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: The parents’ behaviors became the role model for the children to promote the habits of living clean and healthy every day.

High risk internet behaviors and psychosocial well-being among Greek preadolescents

INTRODUCTION: Nowadays the Internet has become an integral part of adolescents’ lives. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between compulsive Internet use of pre-adolescents in Greece and their psychosocial well-being. MATERIALS - METHODS: A cross-sectional study design was applied. The study population (N=655) consisted of a random sample of adolescents attending Years 5 and 6 in primary schools located in Athens, Greece. Self-completed questionnaires were distributed, pertaining to internet access characteristics based on the Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS) Also, socio-demographic variables were applied. Furthermore, teachers completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) related to their students’ psychosocial well-being. RESULTS: The results presented that 6th graders, boys and adolescents, who were not born in Greece, had significantly higher CIUS scores. On the other hand, greater CIUS scores were observed in students who had started using the Internet in a younger age, were members of SNS and played games online. Overall, compulsive Internet Use was positively correlated with emotional and conduct problems of pre-adolescents, along with hyperactivity scores on the SDQ. DISCUSSION: The results have implications about an association between Compulsive Internet Use of pre-adolescents in Greece and psychosocial difficulties. The results appear to suggest the importance of formulating early preventive public health policies that concentrate on enhancing students’ communication skills, self-regulation and healthy life habits.

Food intake, physical activity and quality of life among children and youth.

The health-related quality of life construct (QoL) implies a relationship with eating habits (EA) and physical activity (PA). Sociodemographic and anthropometric variables (gender, age and Body Mass Index - BMI) are highlighted in the definition of healthy lifestyle habits promotion strategies. We aim to characterize and relate PA, EA and QoL in children/youth and explore gender, age and BMI influences. It is a non-experimental study, with 337 children/youth, ages between 8 and 17 years (12.61±2.96), mostly from the rural inland of Portugal. In data collection we used a sociodemographic and anthropometric questionnaire, a weekly register table of EA and Kid-Kindl (QoL). Statistical analysis (p < 0.05) were performed in SPSS-IBM 25. Lower BMI was associated with better EA (p < 0.001), PA (p < 0.05) and self-esteem (p < 0.01) and worse scores on family subscale of QoL. Female showed higher fruit intake (p < 0.05). The older has shown better results. PA is positively correlated with QoL (p < 0.01) and EA (p < 0.05). It is important to explore other relevant social and family dimensions, to promote intervention programs with parents, school and community, as well as healthy practices policies. The intervention in these age groups is critical for a longer-term impact in improving healthy life habits.

IMPACT OF DIETARY HABITS ON HEALTH STATUS OF COLLEGE GOING STUDENTS IN PUNJAB

Purpose of the study: The core objective of this study was to analyze the effect of dietary habits on the health status of college-going students.&#x0D; Methodology: Two districts of Punjab were selected randomly namely Faisalabad and Rahim Yar Khan. Two public sector colleges were selected purposively from each district i.e. one male and one female keeping in mind low strength and high strength were selected. The population of these colleges was 5372 while the sample size was 189. A well-structured questionnaire was developed on a google form. Collected data were processed through SPSS software for standard deviation, frequency, mean, and weighted score, and rank order.&#x0D; Main Findings: It was found that most of the respondents were female students and the majority of the student’s family monthly income was Rs. 10,000 – 20,000. The majority of the respondents were not suffering from any disease. The majority of respondents were those who have never eaten snacks in between their meals. Respondents who use to eat breakfast every day were ranked No. 1. Majority of the respondents were using full fat milk, soft drinks, and meat with visible fats. Most of the students were involved with healthy life habits i.e. doing physical activity, consuming fruits and greens.&#x0D; Application of the study: This study can also be used to determine the dietary habit impact on the health status of college-going students in other districts of Punjab.&#x0D; Novelty/ originality of the study: This study has provided an overview of different diseases affecting the health of college-going students. In the context of the current portfolio, the results of the current study will create awareness regarding healthy nutrition for improving the health status of the student.

Assessment of an Educational Intervention to Improve Healthy Life Habits in Children Living in Vulnerable Socioeconomic Conditions.

Nutritional condition impacts academic performance and cognitive development. In Peru, the prevalence of chronic undernutrition in children is 6.9%, increasing the risk of mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to develop an educational intervention to achieve an improvement in the healthy habits of children in a primary education school in Lima who live in vulnerable socioeconomic conditions. We conducted a prospective quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test study of an educational intervention. The information was collected through the adaptation of the WHO questionnaire “Global School-based Student Health Survey” (GSHS), with anthropometric variables, socioeconomic level, hygiene and eating habits. One hundred eight students from 5 to 13 years old from Arenitas del Mar School in Lima (Peru) participated. The educational intervention improved eating habits. Fruit and vegetable consumption 3 or more times/day (50.9%) increased after the educational intervention (49% vs. 62.9%,) p < 0.0001. There was an improvement in hygiene habits, such as the frequency of handwashing with soap (32.4% vs. 63.9%) and the frequency of weekly bathing 4–6 times/week (25% vs. 47.5%) p < 0.0001. The educational intervention promoted better healthy living behaviors, eating habits and hygiene. This kind of initiative is a crucial tool to establish healthy living habits.

METABOLOENDOCRINE CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY ON THE RELATION BETWEEN MIGRAINE, HYPOTHYROIDISM AND OBESITY IN NORTHERN AND EASTERN REGION, KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA

Objectives: to determine the relation between Migraine, Hypothyroidism and Obesity in adult to be more aware about the factors which lead to Migraine and how to control them also to collect data for further investigation and suggest methods of control or minimize of its recurrence. Methods: surveillance cross sectional study, data were collected from 15th of November 2020 till 28th of February 2021. Study population Male and Females / adults /married or not married/with Obesity or Hypothyroidism or both and suffering from Migraine in Northern and Eastern region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, using questionnaires, statistical analysis was done by SPSS 22. Results: 188 responses to the questioner. The study finding showed that the range of participant mostly age between (20-30 y) with (63.3% ) and(41-50y) , (31-40 y) as (16.5%) and (14.4%), As for gender and level of Education the study showed that (80.3%) were female and (19.7%) were male while (63.3%) Bachelor degree and (28.7%) high school. Factors that may lead to inducing attacks of migraine ,the results showed that (48.9%) were over weighted ( 106-120kg) followed by (23.9%) (105-96 kg), for sleeping habits(70.7%) sleeping less than 6 hours /day and (85.1%) using electronic devices on daily bases and (81.4%) were drinking (0.5-1L ) water /day . Regarding symptoms accompanied migraine the study found that (51.6 %) of participants suffering from frequent migraine followed by( 23.9%) once per day and (75%) showed that duration of attacks takes 10 hours per day followed by( 13.3%) of the partisans duration takes 12 hours per day which affect the life routine by(58%) and the severity of the headache (60.6%) as mild to(25.6%) moderate level of pain. Other Hormonal/Metabolic factors that may be related to inducing migraine as hypothyroidism which can lead to gaining weight , the results showed that (9.6%) suffering from hypothyroidism and (92.6%) not diseased but on the other hand (64.4%) dont know that there is a relation between hypothyroidism, gaining weight and migraine and they gain weight lately by (96.3%).For treatment used for migraine attacks the results showed that (62.2%) takes painkillers while (26.1%) depend on home remedy for treatments of migraine , and for the new method of treatment by using BOTOX injection (90.4%) didnt know about this way of treatment. Conclusion: migraine can be indicator or a sign of other conditions and sometimes patients did not pay attention to them keep taking painkillers without diagnosing the cause . Spreading the awareness among society about factors can cause migraine and medical conditions that also involved in repeating attacks can help in decreasing and controlling attacks of migraine .Health care providers should help in increasing the awareness of healthy life habits and how to control migraine attacks and new methods of treatments.

Comparison of Sports Habits and Attitudes in University Students of Physical and Sports Education of Mostaganem (Algeria) and Physical Activity and Sport Sciences of León (Spain).

BackgroundIn their professional practice, teachers can exert a strong influence on students, promoting healthy habits for life through the example of their own lifestyle. The aim of this study was to compare sports habits and attitudes in Physical Activity and Sports Education students at the universities of León (Spain) and Mostaganem (Algeria).MethodsWe administered the “Motivations and Attitudes Toward Physical Activity and Sports” questionnaire (in Spanish MIAFD) to 125 Algerian university students from the Institute for Physical Education and Sport (age: 21.87 ± 2.51) and 122 Spanish university students (age: 22.98 ± 2.36) from the Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science.ResultsChi-square tests showed significant differences (p < 0.001) with a large effect size (Cramer’s V: 0.650) in perceptions of sport and satisfaction with participation.ConclusionThe students from Mostaganem and Leon show many similarities, such as the number of female students in physical education and sport is quite small compared to male students. Both consider that universities should improve sports facilities to promote good practice. The practice of sports by our university students is far superior to that of students with other degrees, suggesting that they will set a good example of healthy habits once they enter their profession. Nevertheless, the participation of female Algerian students in sport was lower than that of Spanish students, and students at León showed more intrinsic motivation for participating in sport than their counterparts at Mostaganem.

Značaj wellness programa na radnom mestu za očuvanje zdravlja zaposlenih

Every organization strives to have productive, creative, responsible employees, who constantly seek to acquire new knowledge and skills, who are motivated, loyal and engaged, and psycho-physically healthy. However, modern and dynamic business conditions, constantly growing demands and needs of consumers, setting new goals and tasks, increasing the level of responsibility and standards, and often setting expectations from employees too high are just some of the many pressures and sources of stress to which employees are permanently exposed in their workplace. Caring about employees, and safety and health protection at work is one of the important activities of the business function of human resource management. The priority task of experts in this field is to act preventively against stressors by creating various methods and techniques for their efficient and effective management. One of the techniques that is becoming increasingly popular in socially responsible organizations, are wellness programmes. By organizing and implementing these programmes, the management of the organization shows that it cares and acts preventively to maintain the safety and protection of the health of its employees, and the employees themselves acquire new knowledge and healthy life habits through these programmes. This paper points out the importance and role of wellness programmes, as important activities of strategic human resource management of modern organizations, which occupies a significant position in the protection and prevention of employee health. Also, the paper outlines all the important elements that management should keep in mind when designing and implementing wellness programmes in order for them to adequately influence the improvement of physical and mental health of employees.

Evaluation of community physical activity programs in Brazil: a scoping review.

Community physical activity programs were created to encourage and increase the practice of physical activity in the Brazilian population and promote healthy life habits. The Brazilian Ministry of Health invested in the evaluation of these programs and consolidated partnerships that favor the development of relevant evidence on the topic. The current study aimed to identify and summarize the scientific highlights on the approaches and results of evaluations performed in the Health Academy Program and City Academy Program. This is a scoping review based on the methodology of the Joanna Briggs Institute. We used the MEDLINE via PubMed, LILACS, Scopus, and Cochrane databases, the website of the Health Academy Program, the Catalogue of Theses and Dissertations of the Brazilian Graduate Studies Coordinating Board, and the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations. The sample included quantitative or qualitative primary studies with no limit on year of publication. Twenty-four studies published from 2009 to 2020 were selected and subdivided according to the approaches to evaluation: evaluability, sustainability, process (supply and structure), outcome (impact and satisfaction), and degree of inference (adequacy, plausibility, and probability). The results of the evaluations showed that the programs offer various activities, positively impact users' health indicators, and contribute to the increase in leisure-time physical activity. The evaluation of these programs is essential for the administration, health services, and healthcare workers, since it allows verifying the implementation of the proposed activities, coverage, access, impact, and interference by the political context in their continuity.

Mediating Effect of Sports Participation on the Relationship between Health Perceptions and Health Promoting Behavior in Adolescents.

The aim of this study was to verify the structural relationship between health perceptions, sports participation, and health promoting behavior in adolescents. A total of 507 adolescents living in Seoul, Republic of Korea, in 2020, participated in this study. This study was conducted using a preliminary survey and a main survey. In the preliminary survey, the reliability and validity of the scales used in this study were analyzed, and in the main survey, the relationships between individual variables were verified. Specifically, descriptive statistical analysis, path analysis, and mediating effect analysis were conducted in the main survey. The results of the study are as follows: first, health perceptions were found to have a positive effect on sports participation (p < 0.001). Furthermore, health perceptions were found to have no direct effect on health promoting behavior (p = 0.554), while sports participation was found to have a positive effect on health promoting behavior (p < 0.001). Additionally, sports participation completely mediated the relationship between health perceptions and health promoting behavior. Based on the results of this study, suggestions are presented on how to enhance health perceptions in adolescents who are in a critical period for forming healthy life habits, and to prepare measures to encourage sports participation.