Healthy Human Body Research Articles

Individual Rights and Community Virtues

Previous articleNext article No AccessIndividual Rights and Community VirtuesJohn TomasiJohn Tomasi Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Ethics Volume 101, Number 3Apr., 1991 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/293315 Views: 32Total views on this site Citations: 23Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1991 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:KIMBERLEY BROWNLEE Ethical Dilemmas of Sociability, Utilitas 28, no.11 (Jun 2015): 54–72.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953820815000175Carol Hay A Feminist Defence of Kant, (Jan 2013): 50–88.https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137003904_2Mary Barbara Walsh Private and Public Dilemmas: Rawls on the Family, Polity 44, no.33 (Nov 2016): 426–445.https://doi.org/10.1057/pol.2012.9J.O. FAMAKINWA The Moderate Communitarian Individual and the Primacy of Duties, Theoria 76, no.22 (May 2010): 152–166.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-2567.2010.01064.xby Elizabeth Brake Minimal Marriage: What Political Liberalism Implies for Marriage Law Brake, Ethics 120, no.22 (Jul 2015): 302–337.https://doi.org/10.1086/651429T. J. Donahue Social Justice and the Normativity of Morality, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2010).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1293885Hugh Lazenby One Kiss Too Many? Giving, Luck Egalitarianism and Other-affecting Choice*, Journal of Political Philosophy 56 (Apr 2009).https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9760.2009.00335.xJACOB T. LEVY Self-determination, Non-domination, and Federalism, Hypatia 23, no.33 (Jan 2009): 60–78.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2008.tb01205.xDaniel Marc Weinstock Trois concepts de reconnaissance, (Jan 2008): 59–71.https://doi.org/10.4000/books.septentrion.38646Pursey P. M. A. R. Heugens, Muel Kaptein, J. (Hans) van Oosterhout Contracts to Communities: A Processual Model of Organizational Virtue, Journal of Management Studies 0, no.00 (Nov 2007): 071106213007001–???.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2007.00738.xELIZABETH BRAKE Fatherhood and Child Support: Do Men Have a Right to Choose?, Journal of Applied Philosophy 22, no.11 (Mar 2005): 55–73.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5930.2005.00292.xDaniel McDermott Fair-Play Obligations, Political Studies 52, no.22 (Jun 2004): 216–232.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2004.00476.xHarry Brighouse, Adam Swift Defending liberalism in education theory, Journal of Education Policy 18, no.44 (Aug 2003): 355–373.https://doi.org/10.1080/0268093032000106820 by Samantha Brennan Recent Work in Feminist Ethics Brennan, Ethics 109, no.44 (Jul 2015): 858–893.https://doi.org/10.1086/233951Roderick T. Long Immanent Liberalism: The Politics of Mutual Consent, Social Philosophy and Policy 12, no.0202 (Jun 2009): 1–31.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0265052500004659Delmos J. Jones Anthropology and the Oppressed: A Reflection on "Native" Anthropology, NAPA Bulletin 16, no.11 (Jan 2008): 58–70.https://doi.org/10.1525/napa.1995.16.1.58Thomas Donaldson, Thomas W. Dunfee Toward A Unified Conception Of Business Ethics: Integrative Social Contracts Theory, Academy of Management Review 19, no.22 (Apr 1994): 252–284.https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1994.9410210749John Tomasi Community in the minimal state 1, Critical Review 8, no.22 (Mar 1994): 285–296.https://doi.org/10.1080/08913819408443339J. Angelo Corlett Marx and Rights, Dialogue 33, no.33 (Apr 2010): 377–390.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0012217300039020Bo Anderson Distributing social goods between generations, Social Justice Research 6, no.44 (Dec 1993): 343–355.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01050336E. Wesley, F. Peterson Time preference, the environment and the interests of future generations, Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 6, no.22 (Sep 1993): 107–126.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01965479Thomas Donaldson The Language of International Corporate Ethics, (Jan 1993): 115–131.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8183-7_6Thomas Donaldson The Language of International Corporate Ethics, Business Ethics Quarterly 2, no.33 (Jan 2015): 271–281.https://doi.org/10.2307/3857533

Aluminum Ingestion — Is it Related to Dementia?

Elevated levels of aluminum in brain tissue have been found in demented patients with Alzheimer's disease, with ALS-PD complex of Guam and with dialysis encephalopathy. A possible etiological relationship between enhanced aluminum exposure and impaired mental function was suggested both for ALS-PD of Guam (a region where high contents of aluminum in water are found) and for dialysis encephalopathy which appears in dialyzed patients exposed to high doses of aluminum in medications and in dialysate fluid. The role of aluminum in Alzheimer's disease is not known as is the question of life-long aluminum accumulation in healthy human beings. In this review we have limited ourselves to the issue of oral aluminum ingestion and the possible neurotoxic consequences of such exposure. The following topics are summarized: 1. Physiological mechanisms involved in ingestion and intestinal absorption of aluminum and the influences of pH and available organic complexing agents on these processes. 2. Effects of an aluminum-enriched diet on behavior and on brain metabolism. 3. Dietary sources of aluminum and elevated loads of this substance due to prolonged intake of aluminum-containing medications. The main conclusion of this summary is that aluminum is absorbed and may accumulate in different organs in both adults and infants. Two groups seem to be at particular risk for aluminum related toxicity: people with chronic renal failure treated with aluminum-containing medications and pre-term infants fed on aluminum containing formulate. It seems probable that at least upon short term exposure the healthy human body can defend itself adequately from aluminum's toxic effects. However, not enough information is available on possible effects of life-long exposure to aluminum in the environment, diet and medications, which over decades may lead to accumulation of this substance with expressions of toxicity. Therefore, the question of aluminum's relevance to dementive diseases cannot yet be adequately answered.

The measurement and mechanism of lipid peroxidation in biological systems

The basic chemistry of the propagation of lipid peroxidation reactions has been known for years, but the mechanism of initiation of this process in biological membrane systems is still uncertain. Currently available assays for measuring peroxidation are reviewed - the more specific the assay used, the less peroxide is found in healthy human tissues and body fluids. Lipid peroxidation can arise as a consequence of tissue injury in many disease states and may sometimes contribute significantly to worsening the tissue injury.

Circumcision

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I was most gratified to read the article by Captain Preston on neonatal circumcision. The study is noteworthy both for its scientific objectivity and for the deeply human concern expressed by the author. In the 19 years since my graduation from medical school and subsequent arrival in the United States, I have continued to be shocked at the arbitrariness of the thoughtless mutilation of so many boys. The medical demerits of the procedure are well outlined in Captain Preston's article. As a member of a civilized community, I should like to bring up for consideration two additional points. The<i>aesthetic</i>pleasure commonly associated with the visual contemplation of the healthy and intact human body is seriously damaged in the case of a circumcised male. Many sensitive individuals, especially those unaccustomed to it, tend to view the circumcised penis with the same feeling of horror induced by the

The topography of gallium in the healthy human body

The extraction-colorimetric method was used to study the level of the trace element gallium in the blood of forty donors, the diurnal excretion of gallium with urine and feces in sixteen healthy persons and in the organs of eight corpses of victims of a trauma. It has been found that the blood contains 27.9±0.6 μg % of gallium, and that this trace element is connected with the membranes of the erythrocytes. During 24 hours 41.9±5.9 μg of gallium is excreted with urine and 68.2±3.8 μg with feces.

Lepromin反応に関する研究

In order to analyze the relation between the lepromin reaction and the tuberculin reaction, both animal experiments and investigations in human bodies were conducted.The results were obtained as follows.1) In the guinea pigs injected with tubercle bacilli or BCG the tuberculin and lepromin reactivity appeared at the same time.2) In healthy human bodies which had ever received natural tuberculous infection or BCG vaccination, a high correlation was observed between the tuberculin and early lepromin reactions concerning the size of redness.3) In leprous patints, however, such a correlation was scarcely observed regardless of the clinical type.

Influences of Endocrinic Preparations on Basophile Leucocytes-Report 1-

According to the observations on basophile leucocytes of rabbits and healthy humanbodies injected several endocrinic preparations, the following results were obtained, so far:-1. With all of the endocrinic preparations applied, the basophile leucocytes showed a certain increase respectively.2. Highest increase of basophile leucocytes were observed with each preparation during the following three different periods after the injections:-(a) During the earliest period (5-30 minutes after injection):Preparations of posterior pituitary hormone, male hormone and ovicapsule hormone.(b) During relatively later period (1-3 hours after injection):Preparations of pancreas hormone and anterior pituitary hormone.(c) During the intermediate period (30-60 minutes after injection):Preparations of thyroid gland hormone, adrenal cortical and medullar hormone.3. Preparations of male-hormone and ovicapsule hormone showed some different results between the sexes of subjects. Rate of increase was lower in the application of these preparations to the same sex than to the other sex.

III. On the formation of uric acid in the animal economy and its relation to hippuric acid

The results which have been arrived at, and discussed in this communication, may be summed up as follows:— Introduction .—The solubility of uric acid and of some of its more important salts at the temperature of the healthy human body has been determined and arranged in a tabular form. These figures may be useful for future reference.

Scientific Serials

THE Journal of Anatomy and Physiology, Normal and Pathological, vol. xv. part I, October, contains:—Dr. C. Creighton, on an infective form of tuberculosis in man, identical with bovine tuberculosis, plates I to 6.—Dr. W. Allen, on a third occipital condyle in the human subject, plate 7.—Dr. J. Dreschfeld, some points in the histology of cirrhosis of the liver, plate 8.—Dr. S. Mortiz, a contribution to the pathological anatomy of lead paralysis, plate 9.—Dr. G. S. Middleton, vascular lesions in hydrophobia and in other diseases characterised by cerebral excitement, plate 10.—Dr. D. Macphail, an ether percolator, for use in physiological or pathological laboratories, plate II.—Dr. D. Newman, the comparative value of chloroform and ethidene dichloride as anaesthetic agents.—Dr. R. Pinkerton, observations on the temperature of the healthy human body in various climates.—Dr. George Hoggan and Dr. F. Elizabeth Hoggan, the lymphatics of cartilage and of the perichondrium.—Dr. K. J. Anderson, a palatine branch from the middle meningeal artery.—J. F. Knott, muscular anomalies.