Healthy Eating Patterns Research Articles

Healthy Eating Patterns Are Associated With Potential Savings in Medical and Productivity Losses Costs of Cardiovascular Disease in Kuwait: A Cost-of-Illness Analysis

Healthy Eating Patterns Are Associated With Potential Savings in Medical and Productivity Losses Costs of Cardiovascular Disease in Kuwait: A Cost-of-Illness Analysis

Hearing and Diet (Narrative Review).

It seems that food factors and the type of nutrition have an effect on the function of the auditory system. Hearing is one of the most important senses for social communication and high cognitive behaviors. Sensorineural hearing loss leaves adverse and permanent consequences in all aspects of personal and social life of affected patients. Hence, this narrative review study was designed to determine the relationship between sensorineural hearing loss and type of diet. Based on the inclusion criteria, the full text of 62 articles published between 2005 and 2023 were extracted from Scopus, Medline [PubMed], Web of Science, and Google Scholar websites and constituted the sources of this research. The results of the studies showed that by limiting the consumption of foods rich in cholesterol, sugar, carbohydrates, and protein, hearing is protected against the factors that cause sensorineural hearing loss. Also, increasing the consumption of vegetables, fruits, omega-3, antioxidants in the form of vitamins A, C, E reduce hearing susceptibility due to noise exposure, presbycusis, ototoxic agents, and etc. Healthy diet includes eating all the nutrients the body needs in a balanced way. Healthy lifestyle factors including continuous physical activity, good sleep quality, quitting smoking, stay away from stressful factors or relaxation, and avoiding exposure to environmental noise. By following healthy eating and lifestyle patterns, the conditions for hearing, physical and mental health are provided.

The Mother’s Role in Giving Healthy Eating Patterns for Children Age 3-5 Years

A eating patterns is the way in which a person to choose, and using a food ingredient in food consumption every day which include the type of food, number of food and eating frequency. Based on the preliminary study on August 15, 2019 in Brambang Village, Jombang District. On 30 mothers who have children aged 3-5 years, 76,6% mothers do not know how to gives a healthy eating patterns and 24,4% others know how to gives a healthy eating patterns for children. The purpose of this research is to know the role of the mother within gives a healthy eating patterns for children age 3-5 years in Brambang Village, Jombang District.The design of this research is a descriptive research, with the population of mothers who has a toddler much as 30 Respondentts, and the sample 30 Respondentts were taken by total sampling with the mother’s role variable. The research instrument using a questionnaire, then processed with the Editing, Scoring, Coding and Tabulating.The results were obtained from 30 Respondentts, Respondentts who passivity as much as 23 Respondentts (76.6%) and that being active 7 Respondentts (23.4%). Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the mother's role in providing a healthy eating patterns in children aged 3-5 years is almost entirely passive. Midwife are expected to motivate the mother so that the mother is able to apply the information that has been obtained about giving a healthy eating patterns for their children

Healthy Eating Patterns and Risk of Total and Cause-Specific Mortality

The current Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend multiple healthy eating patterns. However, few studies have examined the associations of adherence to different dietary patterns with long-term risk of total and cause-specific mortality. To examine the associations of dietary scores for 4 healthy eating patterns with risk of total and cause-specific mortality. This prospective cohort study included initially healthy women from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS; 1984-2020) and men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS; 1986-2020). Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015), Alternate Mediterranean Diet (AMED) score, Healthful Plant-based Diet Index (HPDI), and Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI). The main outcomes were total and cause-specific mortality overall and stratified by race and ethnicity and other potential risk factors. The final study sample included 75 230 women from the NHS (mean [SD] baseline age, 50.2 [7.2] years) and 44 085 men from the HPFS (mean [SD] baseline age, 53.3 [9.6] years). During a total of 3 559 056 person-years of follow-up, 31 263 women and 22 900 men died. When comparing the highest with the lowest quintiles, the pooled multivariable-adjusted HRs of total mortality were 0.81 (95% CI, 0.79-0.84) for HEI-2015, 0.82 (95% CI, 0.79-0.84) for AMED score, 0.86 (95% CI, 0.83-0.89) for HPDI, and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.77-0.82) for AHEI (P < .001 for trend for all). All dietary scores were significantly inversely associated with death from cardiovascular disease, cancer, and respiratory disease. The AMED score and AHEI were inversely associated with mortality from neurodegenerative disease. The inverse associations between these scores and risk of mortality were consistent in different racial and ethnic groups, including Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, and non-Hispanic White individuals. In this cohort study of 2 large prospective cohorts with up to 36 years of follow-up, greater adherence to various healthy eating patterns was consistently associated with lower risk of total and cause-specific mortality. These findings support the recommendations of Dietary Guidelines for Americans that multiple healthy eating patterns can be adapted to individual food traditions and preferences.

Larger dlPFC and vmPFC grey matter volumes are associated with high adherence to the Mediterranean diet: A cross-sectional study in older adults.

Dietary self-control is associated with inter-individual differences in neuroanatomy. Yet, whether such inter-individual differences are also associated with healthier dietary patterns is yet to be determined. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 100 northern Portuguese older community-dwellers were assessed with regards to i) the adherence to a healthy dietary eating pattern - the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), and ii) grey matter density (GMD) of brain regions associated with valuation and dietary self-regulation, the ventromedial (vmPFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), through voxel-based morphometry. Healthy food choices were ascertained through the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) where higher scores indicated greater adherence to the MedDiet. Voxel-based morphometry showed that greater grey matter density in the dlPFC and vmPFC associated with a higher adherence to the MedDiet. These results replicate previous links between dietary decision-making measured under laboratory conditions and the neuroanatomy of the brain's valuation and self-control system. Importantly, they shed new light on the potential relevance of inter-individual differences in the neuroanatomy of these two brain regions for adhering to healthier dietary patterns in everyday life.

A 12-Week Randomized Intervention Comparing the Healthy US, Mediterranean, and Vegetarian Dietary Patterns of the US Dietary Guidelines for Changes in Body Weight, Hemoglobin A1c, Blood Pressure, and Dietary Quality among African American Adults

BackgroundThe US Dietary Guidelines (USDG) form the basis of nutrition guidelines, but the research informing the 3 USDG dietary patterns (Healthy US-Style [H-US], Mediterranean [Med], and vegetarian [Veg]) has been drawn largely from observational studies among White populations. ObjectivesThe Dietary Guidelines 3 Diets study was a 3-arm, 12-wk randomly assigned intervention among African American (AA) adults at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus that tested the 3 USDG dietary patterns. MethodsThe AAs (ages 18–65 y, BMI 25–49.9 kg/m2, and BMI was measured in kg/m2) with ≥3 type 2 diabetes mellitus risk factors were recruited. Weight, HbA1c, blood pressure, and dietary quality (healthy eating index [HEI]) were collected at baseline and 12 wk. In addition, participants attended weekly online classes that were designed using material from the USDG/MyPlate. Repeated measures, mixed models with maximum likelihood estimation, and robust computation of standard errors were tested. ResultsOf the 227 participants screened, 63 were eligible (83% female; age 48.0 ± 10.6 y, BMI 35.9 ± 0.8 kg/m2) and randomly assigned to the Healthy US-Style Eating Pattern (H-US) (n = 21, 81% completion), healthy Mediterranean-style eating pattern (Med) (n = 22, 86% completion), or healthy vegetarian eating pattern (Veg) (n = 20, 70% completion) groups. Within-group, but not between groups, weight loss was significant (−2.4 ± 0.7 kg H-US, −2.6 ± 0.7 kg Med, −2.4 ± 0.8 kg Veg; P = 0.97 between group). There was also no significant difference between groups for changes in HbA1c (0.03 ± 0.05% H-US, −0.10 ± 0.05% Med, 0.07 ± 0.06% Veg; P = 0.10), systolic BP (−5.5 ± 2.7 mmHg H-US, −3.2 ± 2.5 mmHg Med, −2.4 ± 2.9 mmHg Veg; P = 0.70), diastolic blood pressure (−5.2 ± 1.8 mmHg H-US, −2.0 ± 1.7 mmHg Med, −3.4 ± 1.9 mmHg Veg; P = 0.41), or HEI (7.1 ± 3.2 H-US, 15.2 ± 3.1 Med, 4.6 ± 3.4 Veg; P = 0.06). Post hoc analyses showed that the Med group had significantly greater improvements in HEI compared to the Veg group (difference = −10.6 ± 4.6; 95% CI: −19.7, −1.4; P = 0.02). ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates that all 3 USDG dietary patterns lead to significant weight loss among AA adults. However, none of the outcomes were significantly different between groups.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04981847.

A Comparison of the Mediterranean Diet and Current Food Patterns in Italy: A Life Cycle Thinking Approach for a Sustainable Consumption.

The transition toward more sustainable food systems, which already represents a central element of the European Farm to Fork and Green Deal strategies, could be an effective measure to contribute to global decarbonization and greenhouse gas (GHGs) reduction goals; concurrently, it could improve the health status and nutrition of the global population. In this context, the Mediterranean diet (MD) could play a considerable role, as it is generally recognized as a more balanced, healthy, and sustainable eating pattern than Western consumption patterns, which are characterized by excess food and high energy content, thus causing undesirable effects on both human health and the environment. Although traditionally linked to MD, Italy sees relatively moderate adherence by its citizens, as they consume about +75% of the daily caloric intake recommended by MD. Therefore, this study aims to quantitatively assess the potential environmental, economic, and health impacts of this lower adherence to MD by Italians. Current Italian Food Patterns (CIFP) in 2019 were analyzed and compared to the MD recommended amounts through a Life Cycle Thinking (LCT) approach (LCA) and carbon footprint (CF) analysis. The results show that CIFP, compared to MD, has +133% greater impacts on the environmental macro-area, +100% greater impacts on the human health macro-area, and +59% greater impacts on the economic macro-area (with annual fossil and mineral resource savings of $53.35 per person, $3.2 billion per year). The analysis also shows that CIFP has a CF of 6.54 × 101 kg CO2 eq, +142% over MD (2.7 × 101 kg CO2 eq), resulting in a lower environmental impact of the Mediterranean diet.

Pemberian Edukasi Mengenai Pola Makan Sehat Pada Siswa-Siswi SMP Negeri 5 Sambas

In this day and age, ready-to-eat food is more attractive to teenagers because it is easy and short to serve. Fast food is considered contemporary food and is popular among teenagers. Teenagers need to get used to a healthy diet to build a body. Therefore, counseling was carried out with the aim of providing learning about healthy eating patterns to seventh and eighth grade students. This activity was carried out at SMP Negeri 5 Sambas on June 9, 2022 in the form of counseling with the theme "Providing Education Regarding Healthy Eating Patterns for Students of SMP Negeri 5 Sambas". The results of the counseling show that there are still many students who do not understand the importance of a healthy diet, such as implementing breakfast behavior that can help metabolism and concentration processes. After this counseling was carried out, it could be concluded that this activity produced output, namely adding insight and increasing students' knowledge about healthy eating patterns.

Healthy eating patterns and epigenetic measures of biological age

Healthy eating is associated with lower risks of disease and mortality, but the mechanisms underlying these associations are unclear. Age is strongly related to health outcomes, and biological age can be estimated using the blood methylome. To determine whether healthy eating patterns are associated with methylation-based measures of biological age. Among women in the Sister Study, we calculated scores on 4 recommendation-based healthy eating indexes [Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet, Healthy Eating Index-2015, Alternative Healthy Eating Index (aHEI-2010), and the Alternative Mediterranean diet] using a validated 110-item Block FFQ completed at enrollment. Genome-wide DNA methylation data were generated using the HumanMethylation450 BeadChip on whole blood samples collected at enrollment from a case-cohort sample of 2694 women and were used to calculate 4 measures of epigenetic age acceleration (Hannum AgeAccel, Horvath AgeAccel, PhenoAgeAccel, and GrimAgeAccel). Linear regression models, adjusted for covariates and cohort sampling weights, were used to examine cross-sectional associations between eating patterns and measures of biological age. All 4 healthy eating indexes had inverse associations with epigenetic age acceleration, most notably with PhenoAgeAccel and GrimAgeAccel. Of these, the strongest associations were for aHEI-2010 [per 1-SD increase in diet quality, PhenoAgeAccel β = -0.5 y (95% CI: -0.8 to -0.2 y) and GrimAgeAccel β = -0.4 y (95% CI: -0.6 to -0.3 y)]. Although effect modification was not observed for most lifestyle factors, in analyses stratified by physical activity, the benefits of a healthy diet on epigenetic age acceleration were more pronounced among women who did not meet physical activity guidelines (reporting<2.5h/wk of exercise). Higher diet quality is inversely associated with methylation-based measures of biological age. Improving diet could have the most benefits in lowering biological age among women with lower levels of physical activity. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00047970.

Eating Patterns in Children, an Issue for Future Health Policy

Background: Obesity and overweight have increased prevalence in children during the last decades all over the world. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight/obesity through the 12-18 year old schoolchildren in Brasov district and to describe eating patterns and the possible relationship between overweight/obesity and eating pattern. Material and Method: There were recruted 250 children for a cross-sectional study in Brasov district, Romania. Alimentary habit, snaking, meal frequencies were declared by the subjects using a retrospective questionnaire. Parents were asked to give information about family history regarding the presence of cardio-vascular risk factors. There were measured weight and height for all children and it was calculated body mass index calculated using international standard cutoff points (International Obesity Task Force values). It was also evaluated the level of phisical activityfor each children. Results: Positive family hystory for cardio-vascular risk factor, eating pattern and physical activity were associated with overweight. Healthy eating pattern including fresh fruits and vegetables loses ground in favour of fast-food as the age increases. Conclusions: The main finding was that, eating pattern in schoolchildren should worry both parents and school authorities. The family influence on children̓s eating pattern decreases as the age grow, the busy school program determine lack of phisical activities and failure of and the healthy alimentation. The prevalence of overweight was high and connected with dietary behaviour, independent associations were evident between eating patterns and overweight, indicating the need of the need for a common intervention on nutrition both from the family and from the educators.

Diet and Chronic Non-Cancer Pain: The State of the Art and Future Directions.

Nutrition plays an important role in pain management. Healthy eating patterns are associated with reduced systemic inflammation, as well as lower risk and severity of chronic non-cancer pain and associated comorbidities. The role of nutrition in chronic non-cancer pain management is an emerging field with increasing interest from clinicians and patients. Evidence from a number of recent systematic reviews shows that optimising diet quality and incorporating foods containing anti-inflammatory nutrients such as fruits, vegetables, long chain and monounsaturated fats, antioxidants, and fibre leads to reduction in pain severity and interference. This review describes the current state of the art and highlights why nutrition is critical within a person-centred approach to pain management. Recommendations are made to guide clinicians and highlight areas for future research.

Impact of Lockdown on Dietary and Lifestyle Pattern of Adolescents

Background of the Study: As the Corona virus (COVID-19) pandemic is still ongoing; it has created profound impact socially, physically and emotionally on families across the globe. With confinement laws and regulations still being enforced, healthcare system is deteriorating, Economics are setting down and school closer are being extended. Unfortunately, this also led to increase vulnerability of food insecurity especially among the urban poor and increased risk of overweight and obesity in higher income classes [2]. The lock down restrictions is leading to severe repercussions on individuals; daily routine and lifestyle behaviour including food access and consumption, outdoor activities, travel, school related functions, and access to many forms of leisure and exercise [3]. Particularly alarming are the implication of the lockdown on irregular eating habits, excessive snacking, lack of physical activity, high calorie intake and increased risk of obesity [4]. The aim of this study was to assess changes in lifestyle behaviour of adolescents during the country-wide lockdown. Materials &amp; Methods: A descriptive study design was adopted. Snowball sampling technique was used to gather data from 108 adolescents in between the age group of 11 years to 19 years. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for the collection of data from the participants through an online survey. Results: Finding reveals that 26.85% of adolescents had good impact (Healthy dietary pattern), 51.85% had average impact (Moderate changes) and 21.29% had poor impact (Drastic changes) on dietary pattern. Related to lifestyle pattern results also revealed that 39.81% of adolescents had good impact (Healthy lifestyle), 51.85% had average impact ((Moderate changes)) and none of them had poor impact (Drastic changes) on lifestyle pattern. Conclusion: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has become a major public health concern and has changed the daily lives of citizens across the globe. Healthy eating and good life style pattern are key for health and well-being, especially when the immune system is challenged. The present study revealed a substantial increase in unhealthy dietary and lifestyle pattern among adolescents during COVID-19 lockdown.

Three Healthy Eating Patterns and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Markers in 9 to 18 Year Olds With Body Mass Index >95%: A Randomized Trial.

Approximately 20% of American 9 to 18 year olds are obese, and most carry their excess adiposity, with its associated increased risk for cardiovascular disease, into adulthood. We studied cardiovascular disease risk markers changes associated with 3 healthy eating patterns (HEPs) in 96 9 to 18 year olds with a body mass index >95% in a Midwestern health system 1-year randomized trial. All HEPs were associated with similar statistically significant (P < .05 to <.001) cardiovascular disease risk marker improvements in weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and myeloperoxidase. Time required was the only identified significant (P < .001) deterrent from enrolling in study. These HEPs had characteristics common to most HEPs: encouraging whole foods, fruits and vegetables, whole grains, beans other legumes, and limiting added salt, saturated fatty acids, added sugars, red meat, processed meats, and other processed foods. Further research on initiatives to ease the time burden, and increase implementation of established healthy eating principles is needed.

Opportunities for dietitians to promote a healthy dietary intake in pregnant women with a low socio-economic status within antenatal care practices in the Netherlands: a qualitative study

BackgroundA healthy dietary intake during pregnancy is important for maternal and child health. However, pregnant women with a low socio-economic status often fail to meet dietary guidelines and requirements for healthy nutrition. Dietitians may play an important role in providing nutritional advice during pregnancy because midwives often experience a lack of nutritional knowledge, time and skills to provide adequate advice. However, there is limited research on the support that dietitians can offer in antenatal care practices for pregnant women. Therefore, this study aims to explore the opportunities for dietitians to support pregnant women with a low socio-economic status in concurrent antenatal care practices in the Netherlands.MethodsIn-depth interviews were conducted with 14 pregnant women with a low socio-economic status and 13 dietitians to identify barriers for healthy eating for pregnant women and the associated opportunities for dietitians to support these women in making healthy dietary changes.ResultsFour opportunities for dietitians to support pregnant women in making dietary changes could be discerned: (1) creating awareness of healthy and unhealthy eating patterns, (2) providing reliable and personally relevant information, (3) help identifying barriers and solutions for healthy eating and (4) making healthy eating manageable. Dietitians indicated that supporting pregnant women with a low socio-economic status in consuming a healthy diet requires the investment of sufficient time, effort and money.ConclusionsDietitians are trained and well-equipped to provide extensive support to pregnant women to promote a healthy dietary intake, especially when the complex interplay of barriers that pregnant women with a low socio-economic status experience for healthy eating needs to be addressed. In addition, there is a strong need for strengthening the collaboration between dietitians and midwives because midwives are the primary care provider for pregnant women in the Netherlands, but they often lack sufficient opportunities to provide adequate nutrition support. Strengthening this collaboration could promote that nutrition becomes a recurring and standard topic in antenatal care.

The Health Value of Modelled Healthy Eating Patterns Is Largely Constrained by the Current Reference Values for Bioavailable Iron and Zinc

Abstract Objectives We aimed to study if, and to what extent, the current nutrient reference values for bioavailable iron and zinc limit the identification of healthier dietary patterns. Methods Using observed diets from a representative French survey (INCA3) and multi-criteria optimization, we identified diets that comply with all nutrient reference values and maximize a health criteria based on food-based dietary guidelines while minimally departing from the observed diet. Nutrient reference values included absorbed iron and zinc. This non-linear diet optimization problem was solved in men and women with higher (Fe−) and lower (Fe+) iron requirements separately, either strictly (Non Flexible model, NF) or by allowing some tolerance on absorbed iron and zinc using goal programming to minimize their decreases below reference values (Flexible Model, F). Using a comparative risk assessment framework and a probabilistic approach, we estimated changes in risks of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and colorectal cancer, and changes in estimates of the prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia for the diets optimized using each model. Results With the NF model, the reference values for absorbed iron and zinc were the most binding constraints (over 34 constraints). Compared to the observed diets, the NF-optimized diets showed large redistributions within cereals and meats, with total meat consumption remaining similar in men and Fe- women and doubling in Fe + women. In contrast, the F-optimized diets had higher value for the health criteria objective, being systematically lower in meat, especially red meat, and higher in whole grain products. We estimated that the reduction in mortality risk would be 17.7% wih the NF-optimized diets and 21.5% with the F-optimized diets. However, the later diets would increase the prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia from 2.1% currently to 5.6%. Conclusions We evidenced that the reference values for iron and zinc with regard to their bioavailability are critical factors when modelling healthy eating patterns. Considering lower references for iron and zinc leads to identify diets with an apparent higher benefit for the population health with regards long-term health. Funding Sources None.

Perspective: Modeling Healthy Eating Patterns for Food-Based Dietary Guidelines—Scientific Concepts, Methodological Processes, Limitations, and Lessons

The relations between dietary features and human health are varied and complex. Health-related variables are many and they have intricate relations at different and interrelated nutritional levels: nutrients, food groups, and the complex overall pattern. Food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) are principally designed to synthesize this information to make it available to the public. Here, we describe the method used to establish healthy eating patterns (HEPs) for the latest French FBDGs, which consists of in-depth food pattern modeling using an enhanced optimization method that gathered all aspects of HEPs. We present the novelty of this food modeling approach for FBDGs, which aims to gather information related to nutrients, food contaminants, and epidemiological relations with long-term health, and to be combined with the objective of realistic dietary patterns that deviate minimally from the prevailing diet. We draw lessons from stepwise implementation of the method and discuss its strengths, limitations, and perspectives. In light of the modeled HEPs, we discuss the importance of food grouping; of accounting for dietary habits while not precluding modeled diets that can be realistic/acceptable; and of taking into account the exposure to food contaminants. We discuss the tolerance and flexibility to be applied to certain dietary reference values for nutrients and health-based guidance values for contaminants so that HEPs can ultimately be identified, and how account can be taken of varied health-related outcomes applied to food groups. Although the approach involves all the peculiar uncertainties of numerous optimization model parameters and input data, its merit is that it offers a rationalized approach to establishing HEPs with multiple constraints and competing objectives. It is also versatile because it is possible to operationalize further dimensions of dietary patterns to favor human and planetary health.

Development and validation of a questionnaire measuring knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) to healthy eating and activity patterns in school children (HEAPS).

Development of culturally appropriate and psychometrically sound instruments that measure knowledge and health behaviors of children will help to inform appropriate interventions. To develop and test the validity and reliability of a questionnaire measuring knowledge, attitudes, and practices to healthy eating and activity patterns in school children in India. Review of literature, focus-group discussions, and theoretical constructs of the Health Belief Model guided the development of an item pool. Face and content validity were assessed by children and a panel of experts and the item content validity, item difficulty, and discrimination indices were calculated. Construct validity was determined using the principal axis method of exploratory factor analysis among a cross-sectional sample of children (n=252). Internal consistency (Cronbach α values >0.7) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient values >0.75) were estimated. Item content validity index for clarity and relevance were satisfactory (>0.80) and internal consistency for knowledge (Kuder-Richardson 20 = 0.832), attitude (Cronbach's α = 0.912), and practice items (Cronbach's α = 0.769) were good. Four factors (children's eating habits, family dietary practices, and consumption of healthy and unhealthy foods) and two factors (moderate to vigorous activities and sedentary activities) explained 67.7% and 48.2% of the total variance in practice items. Intraclass correlation coefficient estimates ranged from good to excellent (0.72-0.99). The results of the validity and reliability of the 84-item knowledge, attitudes, and practices to healthy eating and activity patterns in schoolchildren questionnaire were promising. The detailed description of the methodology employed may prove useful to researchers conducting similar studies in children.

Regular consumption of red meat and health behaviors in the Brazilian population

Abstract Background The consumption of red meat should not surpass 500 g of cooked weight per week. Regular consumption can exceed this recommendation, increasing the risk of chronic diseases. Objective Estimate the prevalence of the regular consumption of red meat according to health behaviors in Brazilian adults (≥18 years). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with data from the 2013 National Health Survey, which is a household inquiry with a representative sample of the population ≥18 years of age. The regular consumption of red meat (beef, pork, goat) was defined as ≥ 5 days/week. Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated according to health behaviors (healthy and unhealthy eating patterns, smoking, practice of physical activity during leisure and alcohol intake). Results A total of 60,202 adults were interviewed, 52.9% of whom were women and mean age was 42.9 years (95%CI: 42.6-43.2). The prevalence of regular red meat consumption was 36.7% (95%CI: 36.0-37.5) and was higher among those who ingested soft drinks/artificial juice (PR = 1.08) and sweets (PR = 1.05) ≥3 days/week, ingested beans (PR = 1.07) and raw vegetables (PR = 1.03) ≥5 days/week, ingested fatty meat (PR = 1.09), smokers (PR = 1.05), individuals who were inactive during leisure (PR = 1.04) and those who consumed alcohol ≥2 times/week (PR = 1.06). The prevalence was lower among those who ate fruit (PR = 0.99) and chicken (PR = 0.95) ≥5 days/week, those who ate fish (PR = 0.90) at least 1 day/week and those who drank no fat/low fat milk rather than whole milk. Conclusions The regular consumption of red meat was higher among individuals who ingested unhealthy foods more often, those who ingested fatty meat, smokers, those who ingested alcoholic beverages and those who did not practice physical activity. Actions are needed to reduce the frequency of red meat consumption. Key messages Regular consumption of red meat can exceed the recommendation of 500 g of cooked weight per week. The regular consumption of red meat was associated with the more frequent ingestion of unhealthy foods and fatty meat.

P30 Perceptions of Online Grocery Shopping Using the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Electronic Benefit Transfer Card

<h3>Background</h3> There is formative legislation proposing to expand use of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT) card to allow for online grocery store purchases. However, there are limited studies reporting SNAP recipients' perceptions of online EBT shopping, particularly among those in highest need of such a program (ie, limited-income caregivers of young children who face multiple external barriers (eg, time and money) to supporting healthy eating and meal patterns for their families). Without this information, it will not be possible to develop and implement a fully optimized online EBT policy and program. <h3>Objective</h3> The main objective of this qualitative study is to explore the general and contextual (ie, within family mealtime routines) perceptions of an online EBT program among caregivers with children enrolled in Head Start. <h3>Study Design, Setting, Participants</h3> This focus group study is ongoing. Two were completed in fall 2019 and additional focus groups will be conducted in winter 2020 until saturation is met. Participants (n = 16) are primarily non-Hispanic Black (88%) and 100% female. Mean (SD) is 40.7 ± 15.5 years and median income is $42,302. <h3>Measurable Outcome/Analysis</h3> Main outcomes are general and contextual perceptions of online EBT shopping. Focus groups were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were independently coded by 2 researchers and analyzed for themes. <h3>Results</h3> On average, focus groups lasted 75 minutes. A preliminary theme includes mixed awareness of grocery delivery/curbside pickup but with an overall positive perception. Two participants regularly participate in online delivery and find it very convenient. The majority of participants did not feel that online grocery shopping would improve healthy eating and most had reservations about others picking out fresh produce and meats. When asked about using SNAP benefit/EBT card to purchase food online, participants who receive it believe it would encourage them to use this program. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Results of this study will form the design of a future online EBT pilot study tailored to the needs of Head Start families.

Dietary Patterns Are Associated with Risk of Prostate Cancer in a Population-Based Case-Control Study in Montreal, Canada.

This study describes the association between dietary patterns and prostate cancer (PCa) risk in a population-based case-control study conducted in Montreal, Canada (2005–2012). Cases (n = 1919) were histologically confirmed, aged ≤75 years. Concomitantly, controls (n = 1991) were randomly selected from the electoral list and frequency-matched to cases by age (±5 years). During face-to-face interviews, a 63-item food frequency questionnaire focusing on the two years before diagnosis/interview was administered. Three dietary patterns were identified from principal component analysis. Unconditional logistic regression estimated the association between dietary patterns and PCa, adjusting for age, ethnicity, education, family history, and timing of last PCa screening. When comparing scores in the highest vs. lowest quartiles, the Healthy Eating pattern was associated with a decreased risk of overall PCa (Odds ratio (OR) = 0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.61, 0.93); this association was stronger for high-grade cancers (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.48, 0.89). By contrast, the Western Sweet and Beverages pattern was associated with an elevated risk of overall PCa (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.10, 1.66). The Western Salty and Alcohol pattern was not associated with PCa risk. These findings suggest that some dietary patterns influence PCa development.