Healthy Child Development Research Articles

Impact of Parenting Styles on Self-Esteem, Psychological Resilience, and Academic Performance

Parenting styles (PSs) have been a widely discussed topic in psychological research. The studies have shown that PSs influence self-esteem (SE), psychological resilience, and academic performance (AP) in different ways. SE, psychological resilience, and AP are key factors in individual development, playing an important role in promoting mental health and enhancing the ability to face challenges. SE boosts an individuals sense of self-worth, psychological resilience aids in overcoming difficulties, and good AP lays the foundation for future personal and professional growth. However, the underlying mechanisms and the extent of these influences remain inconsistent. This study, therefore, aims to conduct a literature review to synthesize recent findings on these three topics and provide a useful basis for educational and family interventions. The research findings indicate that authoritative parenting is positively correlated with childrens psychological resilience, SE, and AP, while negative PSs, such as authoritarian and permissive styles, are negatively correlated with these aspects of child development. These results emphasize the importance of encouraging caregivers to adopt authoritative parenting practices to support healthy development in children.

Equal Placement between choice and imposition

Parental separation can profoundly impact children, emphasizing the necessity to prioritize their holistic well-being. Physical joint custody, promoting equal or similar time with both parents, has gained traction based on international research. However, it's debated whether dual residence always meets children's best interests. Our systematic review from 2000 onwards, drawing from PubMed, Scopus, and various legal and psychological associations, explores this issue. Research suggests that predominantly placing children with one parent, with tailored visitation schedules aligned with their psychological, physiological, and situational needs, may better serve their welfare. Advocates argue that equal time arrangements can disrupt the stability crucial for healthy child development, despite increasing court and international support. This study seeks to inform custody decisions that prioritize children's needs over adult preferences, advocating for nuanced custody and visitation redefinitions in legal frameworks. The goal is to safeguard children during separations by focusing on their well-being above all else.

Practice examples: Baby observation tool supports interactions

IN SUMMARY Tool used by health visitors to observe babies' social behaviour helps promote stronger parent-infant interactions and identify emerging concerns that could impact on children's healthy development.

Establishing a model of peer support for pregnant persons with a substance use disorder as an innovative approach for engaging participants in the healthy brain and child development study.

The HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study, a multi-site prospective longitudinal cohort study, will examine human brain, cognitive, behavioral, social, and emotional development beginning prenatally and planned through early childhood. The goal is to recruit over 7000 caregiver-child dyads across the United States, with 25 % of the study population comprising children exposed in utero to substances to better understanding the effects of prenatal substance exposure on fetal and child development. However, barriers of mistrust for pregnant persons who are substance involved can create challenges to recruiting and retaining this population. The HBCD Study is utilizing a novel approach in research, the inclusion of support professionals (i.e. study navigators) as research team members to boost recruitment, engagement, and retention in this population and other marginalized and underrepresented groups. This article describes the conceptualization and early implementation of a support model utilizing certified peer support specialists, and the evolution to a broader study navigator model (SNM). Core skills, training, and support necessary for integrating such support professionals onto the research team are outlined. A reflection on challenges and next steps describes how the early implementation of the SNM encourages a paradigm shift in longitudinal research that humanizes and centers the participants.

아동그룹홈 시설장의 시설경영 인식에 관한 포토보이스 연구

This study utilized the Photovoice method to analyze the managerial perceptions and experiences of children's group home facility managers, exploring operational issues and improvement strategies. The study involved five female managers with an average of 10 years of experience, and data were collected through pre-group and individual interviews conducted from January to March 2023. The results identified major operational issues such as children's maladjusrment and behavioral problems, conflicts with biological families, and conflicts among staff members. Additionally, excessive workloads and staff shortages emerged as ongoing challenges that negatively impact the efficiency of group homes and child welfare. These issues were found to hinder the primary functions of group homes and the healthy growth and development of children. Based on these findings, the study proposed policy recommendations to improve the group home system. These recommendations aim to enhance child protection systems, improve the qualiry of internal programs, increase operational efficiency, and promote child welfare. Furthermore, the study sought to understand the difficulties faced by managers and staff members in group homes and provide specific solutions to address these challenges, thereby fostering the overall development of the group home system. The study's limitations include the small number of participants and the restricted regional scope. Future research should expand the study's scope to include managers from diverse backgrounds and delve deeper into various aspects of group home operations. 1his research is expected to make a significant contribution to solving practical problems in group homes and developing effective measures for child protection.

EFFECT OF SOCIAL INTERACTION ON NEGATIVE VOCABULARY ACQUISITION IN 6-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN

This study aims to describe how social interaction affects the acquisition of negative vocabulary in 6-year-old children. This research was conducted using descriptive qualitative method. The subject in this study is a 6-year-old boy. The data in the study are negative vocabulary utterances produced by 6-year-old children. The data collection technique applied in this research is direct observation through interviews. The results show that children who communicate less with parents and interact more with the outside environment tend to use more negative vocabulary. Environmental factors, such as home, school, and playground, play an important role in this process. Therefore, it is important for parents and educators to create a conducive environment and provide positive social stimulus to support children's healthy language development.

Associations Between Fundamental Movement Skills, Muscular Fitness, Self-Perception and Physical Activity in Primary School Students.

Background/Objectives: Positive self-perception, physical activity and fundamental movement skill (FMS) proficiency are important aspects of a child's healthy development. The objective of this research was twofold: first, to explore associations between FMS, muscular fitness, self-perception and physical activity in school children; and second, to identify key predictors of FMS proficiency, athletic self-perception, physical activity levels in these participants and the differences between biological sexes. Methods: Primary school-aged children (n = 104; 53.85% female) from 8 to 10 years old (M = 9.04, SD = 0.69) engaged in two days of testing. All students were measured on FMS, standing long jump (SLJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), seated medicine ball chest throw and self-perception, followed by correlation and stepwise multiple linear regression analyses. Results: The findings revealed significant positive correlations between FMS proficiency, lower body muscular fitness (CMJ, SLJ), and athletic self-perception for the entire cohort, with varying results between male and female subgroups. Additionally, athletic self-perception showed strong relationships with other self-perception domains. Notably, forward stepwise regression analysis identified FMS proficiency as a significant predictor of physical activity levels, explaining 12.8% of the variance. SLJ, scholastic perception, and physical activity explained 45.5% of FMS variance for females. In males, FMS proficiency significantly predicted physical activity, accounting for 13.3% of the variance. SLJ and athletic competence self-perception explained 42.1% of FMS variance in males. Conclusions: The study indicates that FMS, self-perception, muscular fitness, and physical activity levels may mutually enhance each other, and that there is a need for biological sex-specific strategies to be considered in physical education programs.

Birth characteristics and the risk of childhood brain tumors: A case-control study in Ontario, Canada.

Various birth characteristics may influence healthy childhood development, including the risk of developing childhood brain tumors (CBTs). In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between delivery methods, obstetric history, and birth anthropometrics with the risk of CBTs. This study used data from the Childhood Brain Tumour Epidemiology Study of Ontario (CBREO) which included children 0-15 years of age and newly diagnosed with CBTs from 1997 to 2003. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to explore the association between delivery methods, obstetric history, and birth anthropometric variables, with subsequent CBT development. Models were adjusted for maternal and index child characteristics, and stratified by histology where sample size permitted. The use of assistive instruments (forceps or suction) during childbirth was significantly associated with overall CBTs (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.30-2.61) and non-glial tumors (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.60-4.13). Compared to first-born children, those second-born or greater had a lower risk of overall CBT development (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.55-0.98), and glial histological subtype. All other birth characteristic variables explored were not associated with CBTs. The use of assistive devices such as forceps or suction during vaginal delivery carries potential risks, including increased risk of CBT development. There is an inverse association between birth order and CBTs, and future studies examining early childhood common infection may be warranted.

‘A two-person job’: the role of a supportive matrix for ‘good enough’ parenting

ABSTRACT This paper employs the psychoanalytic method of observation over 12 months to examine the development of an infant (Andrea) and her caregiving environment through weekly one-hour visits. Initially, the observations focused on interactions between Andrea and her mother, who was a single parent during pregnancy and Andrea’s early weeks. As the father became more involved, the focus broadened to include him, shifting the family dynamic from a dyadic to a triadic structure. This transition offers nuanced insights into the complexities of parental roles and the factors that enable ‘good enough’ parenting and healthy child development. The observations highlight that parenting, particularly caring for a newborn, is a challenging task requiring a collaborative family environment, with active parental involvement and broader support systems for both the caregiver and the child. This support helps ensure adequate parenting, which in turn fosters the infant’s emotional security and overall well-being. Drawing on psychoanalytic theories, these observations seem to show that while the primary caregiver-infant dyad is crucial, the effectiveness of caregiving and the child’s development are greatly enhanced by the larger support network. This underscores the need for stronger societal support systems to help caregivers and infants thrive, particularly in increasingly individualistic Western cultures.

Analysis of the Impact of Parenting Styles on Children

Children's growth and development are affected by many factors, especially the parenting style among family factors. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the problem of the influence of parenting styles on children and explore the factors that influence them. Based on the current literature and data investigation,the authors focused on the issue of the influence of parenting styles on children's behavior, academic performance, and emotional intelligence. The results of this study show that the influence of parenting styles on children is both positively and negatively correlated, depending on what type of parenting style the parents have. Positive parenting styles, such as authoritative parenting styles, are usually positively associated with children's development, while negative parenting styles, such as authoritarian parenting styles, are negatively related to the impact on children. This is an area of research that is useful for exploring how to improve parenting styles to promote healthy child development and motivate children to do things right.

A068: A Case Study of HIPPY Family Intervention on Motor Ability in Children with Developmental Delays

Background: The phenomenon of motor retardation caused by serious insufficient physical activity of children is increasing. Improving the family's parenting knowledge and skills can promote the family's healthy lifestyle and have a positive impact on the healthy development of children. Method: The children with developmental delays were followed in their natural state for three months, combined with the "HIPPY family intervention model" to improve their family's parenting knowledge and skills, and to intervene in the behavioral performance and physical activity of children with motor development delays. Results: After 3 months of HIPPY family intervention, TGMD showed an overall upward trend, and the promotion effect of mobility skills and manipulation skills was strong. The test data of exercise ability before and after improved, in which balance coordination, agile response, flexible stretching, muscle strength and aerobic endurance all significantly increased, with balance coordination, agile response and flexible stretching improving the most. Conclusion: (1) HIPPY family intervention core "family-centered", targeted to improve the motor ability of children with developmental delays. (2) Pre-improved the parenting style of parents and provided a guarantee for the improvement of the motor ability of developmentally delayed children. (3) The content of family intervention is rich and interesting, which effectively promotes the gross movement improvement of children with motor retardation.

How the early life microbiome shapes immune programming in childhood asthma and allergies.

Despite advances in our understanding of their diagnosis and treatment, pediatric allergies impose substantial burdens on affected children, families, and healthcare systems. Further, the prevalence of allergic diseases has dramatically increased over the past half-century, leading to additional concerns and concerted efforts to identify the origins, potential predictors and preventions, and therapies of allergic diseases. Together with the increase in allergic diseases, changes in lifestyle and early-life environmental influences have corresponded with changes in colonization patterns of the infant gut microbiome. The gut microbiome plays a key role in developing the immune system, thus greatly influencing the development of allergic disease. In this review, we specifically highlight the importance of the proper maturation and composition of the gut microbiome as an essential step in healthy child development or disease progression. By exploring the intertwined development of the immune system and microbiome across pediatric allergic diseases, we provide insights into potential novel strategies for their prevention and management.

Assessment of maternal health and behavior during pregnancy in the HEALthy Brain and Child Development Study: Rationale and approach

Assessment of maternal health and behavior during pregnancy in the HEALthy Brain and Child Development Study: Rationale and approach

군인가정 자녀에 대한 국내 연구 동향 분석

The purpose of this study is to analyze the trends in research on military children in Korea and to suggest directions for promoting and supporting related research. To understand the overall trends in this field, the study addresses the following research question: “What are the trends in military children research in Korea?” A systematic literature review was conducted, focusing on previous studies concerning military children in Korea. Through this process, 56 articles were selected for in-depth review and analyzed according to research period, research field, methodology, subject population, research region, and variables or factors examined. The results of the analysis are as follows. The research on military children in Korea began in 1982, with a continuous stream of publications appearing from 2008 to 2022. The majority of studies were conducted within the social sciences, with a strong preference for quantitative research methods. Elementary school students were the most frequently studied population. Geographically, the research was concentrated in the Chungcheongbuk-do region. Commonly studied variables included academic, emotional, behavioral, social, family, and environmental factors, with family and environmental factors appearing most frequently. The 179 studies reviewed addressed variables primarily related to home environment, adjustment, school transfers, and parenting. This study is significant as it provides academic and policy implications by systematically reviewing research trends in the context of limited trend analyses on military children in Korea, and it highlights the need for a more diverse range of studies to support the healthy development of military children.

The effect of the theory of planned behavior based hand hygiene intervention program on the health outcomes and school absenteeism of the primary school students: Quasi-experimental study.

Acute upper respiratory tract infections are the most common infections among school children. Improving water, sanitation, and hygiene facilities in schools is an important intervention for the healthy development of children. The most important component of this intervention is hand washing, which is the primary infection control measure. This study aims to test the effect of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) based hand hygiene intervention program on the health outcomes and school absenteeism of students. The study is quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest control groups. The study was conducted with 159 students (intervention: 82, control: 77) in two separate primary schools that were assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention group were applied a TPB-based hand hygiene intervention program for the school children. The data were collected using the Student Questionnaire, Hand Hygiene Assessment Question Form, and Surveillance Form. The mean Hand Hygiene Assessment Question Form Hand Hygiene Behavior scores did not differ between the groups in the pre- and posttest (p > .05). In the posttest, the frequency of encountering a ten-week-upper respiratory tract infection symptom (U = 5277.50 p < .0001), school absenteeism days (p = .046) and absenteeism episodes (p = .043) was lower in the intervention group than in the control group. The findings suggest that was concluded that the TPB-based hand hygiene intervention program did not make a difference in creating hand hygiene behavior in school children compared to the classical education. The program was effective in reducing upper respiratory tract infections and school absenteeism due to these infections.

The Influence of Sociodemographic Factors on Anti-social Behavior among Children: A Case of Bobaracho Area, Nyaribari Chache, Kenya

Background: Antisocial behaviour among children has become a growing concern, often linked to various family and sociodemographic factors. This study aims to investigate the influence of these sociodemographic variables on children's antisocial behaviour in the Bobaracho area of Kisii County, Kenya. Methodology: A descriptive survey approach was employed, targeting a population of 200 students. A stratified sampling method was used to select a sample of 150 children aged 14-20 years. The Objective: To find out the association of sociodemographic factors with the anti-social behaviors’ children from Bobaracho area, Nyaribari Chache, Kenya. Null Hypothesis: There is no association in sociodemographic factors and antisocial behavior among children in Bobaracho area. The Aim: To investigate the influence of sociodemographic variables on children's antisocial behaviour. Data was collected through structured questionnaires and qualitative interviews. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS version 20, while qualitative responses were categorized thematically. Findings: The analysis revealed significant factors influencing antisocial behaviour, including early parenting practices, media exposure, inadequate counselling, family separation, and lack of parental care. Notably, family conflict and parents' disciplinary responses were also critical. Key statistics indicated only 95.3% children responded. The gathered data revealed poor parenting (29%), media influence (7.7%), inadequate counseling (14%), broken homes (14.7%), peer influence (11.9%) and drug abuse (23%) influenced anti-social behavior. Additionally, the study showed that children's anti-social behavior was influenced by family conflict, parents' responses to their children's activities, and the discipline applied or not applied. Conclusion: The study suggests that in addition to receiving education on effective parenting, parents, and guardians should be encouraged to monitor their children’s behavior, adjust household conditions to promote healthy child development, and monitor their children’s behavior. School heads who report to the board of management ought to consult specialists when providing advice and counseling.

Are You a Highlighter or a Permanent Marker Parent?: Promoting Healthy Child Development by Highlighting Positive Behaviors

This publication takes a look at two different parenting styles, discusses their potential impacts on children’s development and behaviors, and lists helpful parenting strategies. Written by Madalyn Klein and Victor W. Harris, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences, October 2024.

Longitudinal trajectories of maternal depression are associated with maternal and child problematic media use.

This study uses a family systems and differential susceptibility framework to examine the association between postpartum media ecosystems, trajectories of maternal depression, and problematic media use in mothers and children (N = 501) in the United Sates over a 5-year period. Three classes of trajectories of maternal depression were identified: low stable, decreasers, and increasers. Results indicate that different classes of trajectories of maternal depression demonstrated differing levels of maternal problematic media use at Wave 1 and differing levels of both mother and child problematic media use at Wave 5. This family perspective provides a deeper understanding of how media ecosystems are connected to family-level processes and problematic media use for mothers and children. Findings suggest the need for better support of new mothers at a systemic level to support mothers' mental health and the healthy development of children's early relationship with media and technology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

¿Donde están? Hispanic/Latine inclusion, diversity and representation in the HEALthy Brain and Child Development Study (HBCD)

The HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study, a multi-site prospective longitudinal cohort study, will examine human brain, cognitive, behavioral, social, and emotional development beginning prenatally and planned through early childhood. Central to its mission of reducing health disparities is the establishment of the Spanish Language and Culture Committee (SLCC) within the HBCD framework, a significant step towards demographic representation and inclusivity in research. By addressing linguistic and sociocultural barriers and embracing the diverse identities of Hispanic/Latine individuals nationwide, the SLCC aims to promote inclusion, equity, and representation of all Hispanic/Latine subgroups, a population that has been historically misrepresented in health research. In this paper we describe the role of the SLCC in advocating for Hispanic/Latine families within the study, ensuring their inclusion from inception. This report also provides an overview of the SLCC organization, workflow, challenges and lessons learned thus far to reduce stigma and improve study outcomes, highlighting recruitment and retention strategies for the Hispanic/Latine population, and expanding outreach to promote inclusion across diverse Hispanic/Latine subgroups in the United States.

Aufwachsen in einem psychisch belasteten Familienumfeld: Ergebnisse der bundesweit repräsentativen Studie „Kinder in Deutschland 0–3 2022“

ZusammenfassungHintergrundEin psychisch belastetes Familienumfeld kann ein Risiko für die gesunde und altersgerechte Entwicklung von Säuglingen und Kleinkindern darstellen. Ungeklärt ist, wie weit psychische Belastungen aktuell in der Gesamtpopulation von Eltern mit kleinen Kindern verbreitet sind und ob der Anteil psychisch belasteter Eltern in den zurückliegenden Jahren multipler gesellschaftlicher Krisen angestiegen ist. Zudem ist unklar, wie sich Zusammenhänge zwischen der psychischen Belastung der Eltern, deren Erziehungskompetenzen sowie der frühkindlichen Entwicklung aktuell darstellen.MethodenIn der bundesweiten, repräsentativen Befragung „Kinder in Deutschland – KiD 0–3 2022“ dokumentierten 258 Kinderärztinnen und -ärzte im Rahmen einer Vorsorgeuntersuchung die Entwicklung von 7818 Säuglingen und Kleinkindern. Die Eltern der Kinder beantworteten u. a. Fragen zu ihren psychischen Belastungen (Angst und Depressivität) und ihren Erziehungskompetenzen. Die Prävalenzen von 2022 wurden mit Ergebnissen der Vorgängerstudie aus dem Jahr 2015 verglichen.Ergebnisse2022 berichtete etwa ein Fünftel aller Eltern (21,5 %) eine moderate bis klinisch bedeutsame psychische Belastung (2015: 15,7 %). Psychisch belastete Eltern äußerten signifikant häufiger Zweifel an der eigenen elterlichen Kompetenz als Eltern ohne psychische Belastung. Ärztinnen und Ärzte dokumentierten bei Kindern, deren Eltern klinisch bedeutsame psychische Belastungen berichteten, signifikant häufiger Hinweise auf eine Regulationsstörung und eine Entwicklungsverzögerung.DiskussionDie Ergebnisse verdeutlichen die in den letzten Jahren zunehmende Relevanz psychischer Belastungen bei Eltern mit kleinen Kindern. Der Befund, dass psychische Belastungen der Eltern mit kindlichen Entwicklungsstörungen einhergehen, verdeutlicht einmal mehr die Notwendigkeit, Familien von Beginn an gezielt zu unterstützen.