Healthy China Initiative Research Articles

Study on the Problems and Development of the Elderly-care in Rural Areas under the “Healthy China Initiative” Based on the Research of Smart Elderly-care in Rural Areas of Qingdao City

In recent years, population aging has become a global problem, and this problem is getting more serious in China. At present, home-based elderly-care is still prevalent in China’s elderly-care system, which can not meet the growing needs of the elderly in our country. Therefore, the implementation of smart elderly-care in rural areas to meet the needs of the elderly has become an urgent task. Based on the implementation situation of smart elderly-care in Qingdao City, this paper adopts qualitative and quantitative methods to study the practical dilemma of smart elderly-care, and puts forward effective countermeasures and suggestions for its implementation so as to create a positive and diversified pattern of smart elderly-care services.

Exploration and Practice of Specialty Training Program in General Practice

Innovation is the lifeline of medical education reform in the new era. Based on the strategic goals of the Healthy China Initiative, we presented in this paper the practical experience of the Department of General Practice, West China Hospital, Sichuan University. We proposed the construction of an integrated model of general practitioner (GP) core competency training program consisting of 4 components, medical service, management, education, and academic ability. The integration of "generalist-specialist" and "hospital-community health service center" forms the basis of the coordinated training rotation plans. This model of training promotes collaboration among the GPs. Furthermore, GP with special interests (GPwSI) training is organically incorporated into the content of the program. In addition, we discussed the diversified approaches to evaluation incorporating formative and summative evaluation measures adopted for the training program. We summarized the innovative implementation plan of GPwSI, which is an efficient, replicable, and generalizable standardized specialty training program compatible with the Healthy China Initiative, intending to contribute constructive information and references to the education reform of the GP standardized training under the new circumstances.

Current situation of screen time among Chinese primary and middle school students from 2016 to 2017

To analyze and describe the status and characteristics of using electronic screens of primary and middle school students in China from 2016 to 2017. From 2016 to 2017, 275 monitoring points were selected from 31 provinces in China, and 280 primary and middle school students were selected from each monitoring point to complete the survey. Using the suggestion from "Healthy China Initiative(2019-2030)"of which the screen time of primary and middle school students should be less than one hour per day as the standard. A total of 74 314 primary and secondary school students(except grade 9 and grade 12) were included in this study. Among them, there were 37 147 boys(50.0%) and 37 167 girls(50.0%); 44 612 pupils(60.0%), 14 858 junior school students(20.0%), and 14 844 senior high school students(20.0%); 38 995(52.5%) rural students and 35 319(47.5%) urban students; 53 287 boarding students(71.7%) and 20 537 day students(27.6%). From 2016 to 2017, the average daily screen time of Chinese primary school students was 1.45 hours, M(P25, P75) was 1.14(0.57, 1.93) h. That of junior high school students was 1.92 hours, M(P25, P75) was 1.43(0.71, 2.48) h. That of senior high school students was 2.37 hours, M(P25, P75) was 1.71(0.90, 3.02) h. The average daily screen time qualified rates of primary school, junior high and senior high school students were 46.1%, 37.1% and 27.7%, respectively. From 2016 to 2017, the most used electronic screen products of primary school students in China were TV/videos(62%), followed by mobile phones(21%). Junior high school students spent 38% and 37% of the total time watching TV/videos and playing mobile phones, respectively. High school students spend the longest time using mobile phones(49%) of the total time, followed by watching TV/videos(26%). With the increasing of grade, screen time became longer, and screen time qualified rate dropped. Moreover, the most used electronic screens were mobile phones and TV/videos.

A Collaborative Education Mechanism for College Students' Physical and Mental Health Education and Safety Education Under Complex Background

The current system for college students’ physical and mental health education and safety education in China is incomplete, however, a sound system is of important significance for exploring new ideas and ways for college students’ physical and mental health education and safety education, improving the health level of college students, and implementing the requirements of “healthy China initiative” for higher education. Until now, few studies have concerned about the construction of a collaborative education mechanism for college students’ physical and mental health and safety education under complex background, therefore, this paper attempts to fill in this research gap. In the beginning of this paper, qualitative and quantitative methods were combined to build a content system for college students’ physical and mental health education and safety education under complex background; then, a coordination evaluation model for the said matter was constructed, and principles for dividing the coupling coordination types of the collaborative education system were elaborated. After that, the grey prediction model was employed to predict and analyze the development status of collaborative education of college students’ physical and mental health education and safety education, thereby realizing rational judgement of the development trend of collaborative education. At last, test results compared the actual value and grey prediction value of the coordination degree of collaborative education, and proved the effectiveness of the constructed model.

Effect of Healthy China Initiative on teaching mode of professional master degree in clinical pharmacy

The education on professional degree master in clinical pharmacy is mainly intended to train high-level applied professionals in clinical pharmacy. ‘Healthy China Initiative’ aims to promote national health and provide comprehensive health service for the whole people in China and the initiative also presents some novel requirements and enlightenments for the training of professional master degree in clinical pharmacy. Considering special competence of clinical pharmacy, the influence of ‘Healthy China Initiative’ on teaching reform in the education on professional master degree in clinical pharmacy was discussed briefly in this article for providing references to the improvement of high-level applied professionals training system.

Spatio-temporal Differentiation in the Incidence of Influenza and Its Relationship with Air Pollution in China from 2004 to 2017.

The Healthy China Initiative is a major health strategy being pursued by the country. To prevent and control different types of diseases as well as their complex variants, research on the spatio-temporal differentiation among and mechanisms of influence of epidemic diseases is growing worldwide. This study analyzed monthly data on the incidence of influenza by using different methods, including Moran’s I, the hotspot analysis model, concentration analysis, and correlation analysis, to determine the characteristics of spatio-temporal differentiation in the incidence of influenza across prefecture-level cities in China from 2004 to 2017, and to examine its relationship with air pollution. According to the results, the overall incidence of influenza in China exhibited a trend of increase from 2004 to 2017, with small peaks in 2009 and 2014. More cases of influenza were recorded in the first and fourth quarters of each year. Regions with higher incidences of influenza were concentrated in northwestern and northern China, and in the coastal areas of southeastern China. Over time, the distribution of regions with a higher incidence of influenza has shifted from the west to the east of the country. A significant relationship was observed between the incidence of influenza and factors related to air pollution. The contents of five air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, and CO) were significantly positively correlated with the incidence of influenza, with a decreasing order of contribution to it of SO2 > CO > NO2 > PM2.5 > PM10. The content of O3 in the air was negatively correlated with the incidence of influenza. The influence of air pollution-related factors on the incidence of influenza in different regions and seasons showed minor differences. The large-scale empirical results provided here can supply a scientific basis for governmental disease control authorities to formulate strategies for regional prevention and control.

Promotion of mental health services in school from evidence, theory to action

Children and adolescents mental health problems bom a heavier burden of disease worldwide, and mental disorders begin at earlier age. The capacity and utilization of school mental health need to be improved. Therefore, we need to transfer the latest research evidence into policies, and further put into actions. School mental health services driven by theroies including staging approach and life course approach, will help to pursue the value of mentl health promotion and social well-being, eventually become an important part of Healthy China initiative. 【摘要】 世界范围内儿童青少年心理卫生问题的疾病负担日趋严重, 心理障碍出现的年龄呈提前趋势, 学校心理卫生服 务能力和利用亟待提高。需要将最新研究证据转化为政策, 付诸行动。学校心理卫生服务坚持分阶段方法和生命历程理 论导向, 追求儿童青少年心理健康促进和社会适应良好的价值理念, 成为健康中国促进行动的重要组成部分。

Association between sleep status and prevalence of major chronic diseases

Sleep is an important physiological activity. With the changing life style in this modern world, the average duration of sleep in human beings is decreasing, and the prevalence of sleep disorder or insomnia is increasing. Short duration and disorders of sleep or insomnia may often lead to increased prevalence/incidence of major chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemia. Currently, chronic diseases have become the main causes of death and with high disease burden among the Chinese. In the Healthy China Initiative (2019-2030), prevention and control of chronic diseases including "moving forward" , "slowing down the upward trend of the prevalence of insomnia" as the expected indices and "extending the sleep duration of adults to 7-8 hours a day" as the advocacy index, were all called for. In this group of articles, basic data for sleep status of adults in different regions of the country was provided to help understand the relations between sleep and major chronic diseases, and strategies related to prevention and control of chronic diseases.

Surveillance and evaluation of diagnosis, treatment and management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Carrying out standardized diagnosis, treatment, intervention, management, surveillance and evaluation of COPD is an important part of the special action for the prevention and treatment of chronic respiratory diseases in the "Healthy China Initiative (2019-2030)" . The surveillance of COPD among Chinese residents provides basic data for assessing the level of standardized diagnosis, treatment, intervention and management of patients with COPD. Based the data of all COPD patients found in the surveillance of COPD (2014-2015), the key series articles report the awareness rate of COPD among patients aged ≥40 years in China, and analyze the spirometry examination rate, medicine treatment rate, inhalation therapy rate, respiratory rehabilitation rate, smoking cessation rate, successful smoking cessation rate, and pneumococcal vaccination rate in COPD patients aged ≥ 40 years and their associated factors, providing a scientific reference for China to carry out special action for the prevention and treatment of chronic respiratory diseases represented by COPD.

Practicality of promoting brain health and early dementia screening in elderly residents with friendly mobile App: Beijing plan

This article presents a brief introduction of Beijing plan, namely the Beijing’s Brain Health Examination (dementia risk screening) project initiated by Beijing municipal government in early 2019, which is a successful exploration and practicality of brain health examination for the community residences and dementia risk screening system construction. Slowing down the incidents of dementia and reducing eventually its prevalence in the population has been one of the main targets highlighted in Healthy China Initiative 2030 , by Chinese government. As a welfare to its elderly residents, Beijing municipal government initiated the brain health examination (dementia risk screening) project, aiming to provide brain health examination service for 96000 permanent residences over 65 years old at six districts in Beijing before the end of 2019 and gradually make the service available city-wide. This project is a first yet crucial step that governments, central or local, take the lead and concrete measure to organize and implement brain health examination for the aged on a large scale, and to make the nation’s strategy of healthy China a reality by 2030. Through the early detection and reduction of dementia prevalence, the project would make optimal allocation of medical resources possible and bring enormous social and economic benefit. For example, it will save an estimated cost of 23.36 billion yuan for healthcare in five years only in Beijing area. As an institute involved in the early conceptualization and initiation of this project, the Center for Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) and State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University have been working on AD risk longitudinal research (BABRI project) primarily community-cohort based and later with the added clinical-based cohort since 2008. Based on our ten-year basic research and technology advancement, we built a state-of-art mobile platform with innovative cognitive and mental tests as well as the well-known standard ones. It also includes dementia risk screening system and has been used for the Brain Health Examination (Dementia Risk Screening) project successfully. This platform endows the advantages of high screening efficiency, uses shorter time and is designed for its convenience for the elderly. In addition, it is also a platform for basic scientific research by providing comprehensive data managements, and curative effect assessment of cognitive rehabilitation training. And it’s a technological answer to problems faced by large-scale community-based dementia risk screening. In summary, the Beijing’s Brain Health Examination project not only lays the foundation for carrying out the citywide screening for the aged as a social welfare, but also plays a trend-leading role for the establishment of a government sponsored system for brain health in major provinces and cities of China.

A Study on the Approaches to Dissemination of Traditional Chinese Medicine Culture in the Context of “Healthy China Initiative”

In the process of building a healthy China, the positive role of Chinese medicine culture should be brought into play. As an important part of promoting Healthy China initiative, Chinese medicine culture plays a role in the dissemination of preventive treatment of disease and health knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine. By building a platform for TCM culture, strengthening the experience of TCM culture, developing education on TCM knowledge, expanding overseas dissemination of TCM culture, and developing Internet media communication and other ways, we will promote health for all and help build a healthy China.

Campaign to manage hypertension and implement Healthy China initiative

高血压是我国患病人数最多的慢性病之一，是城乡居民心脑血管疾病死亡最重要的危险因素。《中国高血压健康管理规范（2019）》是落实健康中国行动的重要举措，强调初始预防和一级预防的理念，高血压防线前移，面向全人群，提供全生命周期、全方位的血压健康管理服务指导。其内容包括健康信息收集、筛查评估、膳食指导、运动干预、心理疏导、药物治疗等，将预防、药物治疗和非药物干预以及长期管理融为一体，简洁明了，便于基层医疗卫生工作者、健康管理工作者及社会大众践行。该规范是促进以疾病治疗为中心向以健康管理为中心转变的生动体现。.

Healthy Environment Promotion Campaign in Healthy China Initiative

On July 15, 2019, the State Council of China issued new guidelines for the implementation of the country's Healthy China Initiative (2019-2030) and for the promotion of population health across the nation. This article interprets Healthy Environment Promotion Campaign (HEPC) in the Healthy China Initiative from four main aspects-background, major indices, strategies, and features. Two outcome indices and four advocacy indices are proposed by the HEPC, and the strategies are mainly embodied at three levels: individual/family, society and government. The strategies have the following features: 1) the strategies are developed on the basis of scientific evidence; 2) the strategies advocate that citizens must be responsible for their own health; 3) the administrative impetus provided by the Chinese government to integrate health into all policies is an important driver for developing and implementing the HEPC; and 4) HEPC is not an isolated campaign, so it is necessary to coordinate all 15 campaigns in order to proactively and properly implement HEPC.

Interpretation of the Diabetes Prevention and Control Action of the Healthy China Initiative 2019−2030

In the past 30 years, the prevalence of diabetes in China has been increasing, but the awareness rate, treatment rate and control rate of diabetes are relatively low, and the death rate, disability rate, disease burden of diabetes and its complications are constantly increasing, which brings heavy burden to individuals, families and social economy. The Healthy China Initiative (2019–2030) is a roadmap to a healthy China and an innovative public policy system project. The Diabetes Prevention and Control Action is one of the four chronic and noncommunicable diseases prevention and control actions in the Healthy China Initiative (2019–2030). Based on the background, basic principles and key contents of diabetes prevention and control, this paper interpreted the diabetes prevention and control action from five aspects, that is, healthy lifestyle is the foundation, which emphasized that individuals are the first responsibility for their health, and advocates reducing the risk of diabetes by practicing healthy diet, increasing physical activity and maintaining a healthy weight; Early detection and early intervention are key links, which emphasized to pay attention to individual blood glucose level, high risk individuals regularly test blood glucose; Standardize health management is the priority, which emphasized to strengthen the implementation of graded diagnosis and treatment standards, and medical institutions provide guidance on self-management of health for patients with diabetes; The improvement of capacity in primary level is the guarantee, where emphasis is placed on improving the ability of medical personnel to screen, intervention and standardize diagnosis and treatment; And innovative health service models are the key measures which emphasized the use of information technology to improve the efficiency of health management.

Rapid Layout and Development Strategy of Hospital Artificial Intelligence During the COVID-19 Pandemic

This study aims to explore the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, with a view for promoting the top-level design and rapid layout of hospital-orientated AI application, in order to provide a new path for the Healthy China Initiative. Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, China has conducted epidemic prevention and control using the strength of the whole country, and simultaneously developed global cooperation by donating medical supplies, sending medical teams, and sharing treatment experience and high technologies. In fighting against the epidemic, the front-line medical staff has obtained valuable experience in medical AI application. AI has played an outstanding role in the anti-epidemic frontline and indicates the urgent and strategic demands for medical AI. After reviewing the medical AI application status and development direction, we suggest that China should make a comprehensive layout of AI application in hospitals nationwide and cultivate a prosperous medical AI ecology, thus to lay a key foundation for future hospital construction in China. To this end, the government should make an overall top-level design for medical AI application and shift forward interventions so as to change the passive situation. It also should scientifically coordinate resources, strengthen hardware construction, improve the databank, and improve the guarantee system for professional teams. Armed with medical AI, hospitals can fight against large-scale acute respiratory infectious diseases with better efficiency.

Connotation and characteristics of the basic medical and health system with Chinese characteristics

The comprehensive establishment of the basic medical and health system with Chinese characteristics is key to the healthcare reform. Taking the basic medical and health system as the specific research object, this paper elaborated the system examples of various countries′ health systems. It also, using the classic system theory as the theoretical research basis, defined the connotation of the basic medical and health system with Chinese characteristics and described such characteristics. The purpose is to lay a theoretical foundation for the development of such a system, and provide references for the healthcare reform and Healthy China initiative. Key words: Health services administration; Chinese characteristics; Basic medical and health system; Connotation; Characteristic

The Healthy China Initiative: Reality, Problems and Remedies

The Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee passed the resolution to build a healthy China, which was then upgraded to a national strategy in the Outline of the Healthy China 2030 Plan issued by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council in October 2016. This paper begins with describing health development in China and then argues that despite the good foundation that has been laid for building a healthy China, the country still faces serious problems, such as healthcare services falling short of demand, people’s health and quality of life yet to be improved, the wide gap between the rich and poor and structural imbalances, serious environmental pollution, and increasing security risks. In the end, suggestions are provided from the perspectives of creating a healthy environment, improving health services, developing a healthy population, building a healthy society, and increasing support for health development to advance the Healthy China initiative.

浅析“健康中国战略”视阈下的“看病难、看病贵”问题

浅析“健康中国战略”视阈下的“看病难、看病贵”问题