Health Status Of Workers Research Articles

The elaboration of preventive measures when working in an open area during the cold season of the year

Introduction. The extraction of minerals is associated with a permanent or periodic stay of workers at open production sites. However, there is an underestimation of the impact of working meteorological factors on the health both in the system of regulation and control over working conditions. The aim of the study is to scientifically substantiate approaches to the development of preventive measures to minimize the risk of health disorders and inform about the risk when working in an open area during the cold season. Materials and methods. The study included employees of the oil-producing enterprise of Western Siberia Samotlorneftegaz, performing labour operations in open areas during the cold season (operators, machinists, repairmen). The study included three stages: a priori risk assessment, a posteriori risk assessment, and an assessment of the individual characteristics of employees. The a priori risk assessment based on production control data and a special assessment of working conditions for the period from 2014 to 2018. A posteriori risk assessment based on data from periodic medical examinations. Personal characteristics based on the results of a questionnaire, in natural and model tests. Results. A quantitative assessment of a priori and a posteriori risk made it possible to identify groups of workers with a significant risk of developing occupational and general pathology, as well as to prioritize preventive measures aimed at preventing the harmful effects of working environment factors and the labour process on the health of an employee. The assessment of local and general violations of thermoregulation in workers performing labour operations in open areas during the cold season made it possible to establish individual risk factors: prolonged work in open areas (more than 60% of working time), the presence of chronic pathology, smoking habit and work experience. Limitations. As part of this study, the assessment of the health status of workers based on data from periodic medical examinations. At the same time, the study does not include the results of medical examinations at the place of residence of workers, which can expand data on the health status of workers and be the subject of further research. Further research on the stated topic may be associated with the need to assess an additional list of individual characteristics when working in an open area during the cold season, taking into account genetic and biochemical markers. Conclusion. The results obtained made it possible to substantiate a set of measures to minimize the risk of health disorders at the level of primary prevention, as well as to propose measures at the level of secondary prevention.

The impact of occupation factors on the health of employees of thermal power plants

Aim is to assess working conditions and risks of the general pathological syndromes (RGPS) in employees of the leading occupations of Thermal Power Plants. Materials and methods. Hygienic studies of working conditions were carried out at the workplaces of employees of the main professions of the Thermal Power Plants (TPP) of the Republic of Buryatia. The state of health was assessed using an Automated System of Quantitative Risk Assessment of the main general pathological syndromes (ASQRAS). Results. Study results indicate the predominant noise pollution and dustiness of the air at the workplaces of the TPP. According to the results of ASQRAS, the share of employees of the main professions with a high level of RGPS was 20.83%, which is 2.92 times higher compared to the control group. In the main group, higher levels of risk of developing functional disorders of the respiratory organs and borderline mental disorders were revealed. In the main group the total risks are 1.76 times higher than in the control group. Limitations. Our study had limited options as the acquisition of information on the health status of workers was carried out based on the results of their self-assessment, which may be subject to subjective errors. Conclusion. Thus, the study results indicate the adverse impact of working conditions on the state of health of TPP employees which is confirmed by the results of ASQRAS.

Workers' Occupational Dust Exposure and Pulmonary Function Assessment: Cross-Sectional Study in China.

Objective: This study aims to determine the occupational health status of workers exposed to dust and the risk factors of lung function decline, to provide a basis for formulating corresponding occupational disease-prevention strategies. Methods: Data on 2045 workers exposed to dust, including their age, gender, exposure time, chest X-ray test results, and pulmonary function test results, were obtained from a key occupational disease monitoring project in Chongqing, China, in 2021. Chi-square tests and multifactorial logistic regression, and other methods, were used for statistical analysis. Results: The prevalence of pneumoconiosis-like changes was 0.83% (17/2045), and the prevalence of abnormal forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC was 4.25% (87/2045), 12.81% (262/2045), and 1.47% (30/2045), respectively. With increasing worker’s age, the prevalence of abnormal pneumoconiosis-like changes (p = 0.0065), FEV1 (p = 0.0002), FVC (p < 0.0001), and FEV1/FVC (p = 0.0055) all increased. Factors such as age, exposure duration, enterprise size, and dust exposure concentration were associated with abnormal lung function. Conclusions: Workers exposed to occupational dust have a high rate of abnormal lung function. The government, enterprises, and individuals should pay attention to occupational dust exposure, and various effective measures should be actively taken to protect the life and health of workers.

An Integrated Approach for Bearing Health Indicator and Stage Division Using Improved Gaussian Mixture Model and Confidence Value

Bearing prognosis is of paramount and practical importance for rotating machinery. In this article, we propose an integrated approach for bearing performance degradation assessment. First, we propose an improved clustering algorithm, called the Hellinger distance-based regularized Gaussian mixture model (HRGMM). In this model, the Hellinger distance is incorporated to measure the similarity between probability distributions (PDs) of raw data. The manifold regularized GMM is then enhanced to differentiate bearing performance changes. Second, we construct a new health indicator (HI) that combines the Jensen–Rényi divergence and improved confidence value to normalize the difference in PDs between the test condition and healthy condition. It aims to solve the problems of the insensitivity of HI to the incipient defect and its highly fluctuating behavior as the bearing deteriorates over time. Clustering results of the experimental and real bearings show that the HRGMM successfully distinguishes different health states, damage severities, and working conditions. The results of two run-to-failure bearing tests demonstrate that, for each bearing, the HI based on HRGMM drops in a smooth and monotonic manner and accurately identify the incipient defect as the beginning of the slight degradation. Moreover, it can automatically mark the sharp state declines as the beginning of severe degradation and failure stages so that appropriate warnings can be set for follow-up maintenance.

Synthesis of decision making in a distributed intelligent personnel health management system on offshore oil platform

This paper proposes a methodological approach for the decision synthesis in a geographically distributed intelligent health management system for oil workers working in offshore industry. The decision-making methodology is based on the concept of a person-centered approach to managing the health and safety of personnel, which implies the inclusion of employees as the main component in the control loop. This paper develops a functional model of the health management system for workers employed on offshore oil platforms and implements it through three phased operations that is monitoring and assessing the health indicators and environmental parameters of each employee, and making decisions. These interacting operations combine the levels of a distributed intelligent health management system. The paper offers the general principles of functioning of a distributed intelligent system for managing the health of workers in the context of structural components and computing platforms. It presents appropriate approaches to the implementation of decision support processes and describes one of the possible methods for evaluating the generated data and making decisions using fuzzy pattern recognition. The models of a fuzzy ideal image and fuzzy real images of the health status of an employee are developed and an algorithm is described for assessing the deviation of generated medical parameters from the norm. The paper also compiles the rules to form the knowledge bases of a distributed intelligent system for remote continuous monitoring. It is assumed that embedding this base into the intelligent system architecture will objectively assess the trends in the health status of workers and make informed decisions to eliminate certain problems

Highly Educated Immigrant Workers' Perspectives of Occupational Health and Safety and Work Conditions That Challenge Work Safety.

This study explored the perspectives of new immigrant workers regarding occupational health and safety and workplace conditions that increase workers’ vulnerability to sustaining injury or illness. Using an interpretive research approach and semi-structured qualitative interviews, 42 new immigrant workers from a range of industries operating in two cities in a province in Canada were interviewed. Seventy-nine percent of the workers were highly qualified. A constant comparative approach was used to identify key themes across the workers’ experiences. The findings revealed that new immigrant workers have an incomplete understanding of occupational health and safety. In many workplaces, poor job training, little worker support, lack of power in the workplace, and a poor workplace safety culture make it difficult for workers to acquire occupational health and safety information and to implement safe work practices. This study proposes workplace policies and practices that will improve worker occupational health and safety awareness and make workplaces safer for new immigrant workers.

Medical activity in the health care system of workers in the Russian Federation

Medical activity in the health care system of workers in the Russian Federation

ЭКСПРЕСС-ДИАГНОСТИКА СОСТОЯНИЯ ЗДОРОВЬЯ РАБОТНИКОВ ОПАСНЫХ ПРОИЗВОДСТВ

Purpose: To develop criteria for rapid diagnostics of the health status of workers of hazardous industries according to the parameters of vibration imaging. Material and methods: The object of the study is the personnel of the Moscow Regional Fire and Rescue Service (249 people), employees of the main workshop of the Electrohimpribor plant (EHP) (132 people) and operators of the scientific company of the Military Innovative Technopolis (VIT) “Era” (16 people, comparison group). The research was attended by specialists of VCMC “Protection”. The average age of rescuers was 43,4+3,2 years, ECP workers – 41,9+4,1 years, military personnel 24,4+1,5 years. According to medical examinations, a dispensary observation group/health group was established (in accordance with the Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 36an). The examined individuals were also tested using the HealthTest program. The testing time was 3 minutes, during which the vibration image parameters were evaluated. Results: To develop criteria for rapid diagnostics of the health status of workers of hazardous industries, 10 basic parameters of vibration imaging E1–E10 and their coefficients of variation E1_V–E10_V were used as initial ones. The weight load of individual vibration imaging parameters included in the system complex separating groups 1 and 3 of dispensary observation is calculated. For a formalized assessment, a probabilistic nomogram for identifying the functional state according to the parameters of the vibration image has been developed. The average accuracy of their recognition using linear discriminant functions is 96,8 %. Conclusion: The improvement of medical and psychophysiological support of hazardous workers is associated with the development of methods of express diagnostics of their psychophysiological adaptation. Vibration imaging technology is promising for this, as evidenced by the results of the conducted research. The use of the developed one-dimensional multiparametric integral indicator as a “marker” of psychophysiological adaptation, which is a linear combination of vibration image parameters, allows for operational monitoring of the state of health. The developed integral indicator of rapid diagnostics of the state of health can be used to assess the effectiveness and sufficiency of rehabilitation and wellness measures.

Factors affecting the uptake of national practice guidelines by physicians treating common CVDS in out-patient settings

Aim To study factors that influence the consistency of real prescriptions with applicable national guidelines for outpatient physicians in the management of patients with common cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).Material and methods This was a cross-sectional study based on 16 randomly selected municipal polyclinics, where internists filled in validated questionnaires, including the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), WHO Quality of Life - BREF (WHOQOL-BREF), and the Personal Decision-Making Factors (PDF-25). Participating physicians provided outpatient case reports of sequentially arriving patients with a high risk of CVD or confirmed CVDs during 2-3 working days, corresponding to the questionnaire period of ±1 week. The consistency of the prescriptions recorded in these case reports with the Russian Society of Cardiology (RSC) Guidelines was assessed.Results This study included 108 physicians (mean age, 44.0±13.1 years, 87.0 % women) who provided case reports of 341 patients (mean age, 64.4±13.2 years, 59.5 % women) with most common diagnoses of arterial hypertension (92.1 %), ischemic heart disease (60.7 %), and chronic heart failure (32.8 %). According to results of multivariate regression analysis, the following factors increased the likelihood of the prescription inconsistency with the guidelines: the fact that the physician had the highest attestation category (OR 2.56; 95% CI 1.39-4.7; p&lt;0.002), attended professional events less than 2 times in 5 years (OR 2.23; 95% CI 1.18-4.22; p=0.013), had an additional, part-time job (OR 15.58; 95% CI 1.51-160.5; p=0.021), was prone to prescribe familiar trade names (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.08-3.85; p = 0.028), perceived drug supply problems as an important factor influencing the decision making (OR 5.13, 95% CI 2.69-9.75; p&lt;0.001), and a total score on the emotional exhaustion scale (OR 1.03, 95 % CI 1.01-1.06; р=0.031). Also, this likelihood was increased by older age of the patient (OR 3.29; 95 % CI 1.65-6.55; р&lt;0.001) and excessive alcohol consumption by the patient (OR 1.79, 95 % CI 1.31-2.43; р&lt;0.001). The likelihood of non-compliance with the guidelines was reduced by a high assessment of own health status according to the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire (OR 0.19; 95% CI 0.05-0.72; p = 0.014), a high assessment of own working conditions (OR 0.76; 95% CI 0.64-0.9; p=0.002), and postgraduate education within the last 5 years (OR 0.14; 95% CI 0.06-0.36; p&lt;0.001).Conclusion The study identified the factors that influence the likelihood of the consistency of prescriptions made by outpatient physicians for patients with CVD with applicable national clinical guidelines. Among these factors, the most important ones were access to educational events, additional, external part-time job, indicators of inertia of previous practice, problems with drug provision, satisfaction with own health status and working conditions, and emotional exhaustion (a component of professional burnout), older age of patients and their excessive alcohol consumption.

Hybrid Architecture Based System for the Establishment of Sustainable Environment in a Construction Site with 433 MHz LoRa and 2.4 GHz Zigbee

The rapid development of technology has empowered us to achieve resilient infrastructure to establish a sustainable ecosystem. The construction site is one of the highest risk jobs for accident-related fatalities and injuries globally. From the previous studies, it is concluded that untrained or inexperienced workers were responsible for 40% of work-related accidents and the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) report concludes that inadequate working experience, knowledge, and safety awareness were the key causes of fatal accidents in the construction industry. Moreover, it is identified from previous studies that digital technology such as IoT with the assistance of wireless sensors can enhance the safety of construction sites. Based on this advantage, this study has implemented the hybrid architecture with the integration of the 2.4 GHz Zigbee, 433 MHz long-range (LoRa), and Wi-Fi communication protocol to monitor the health status of workers and construction sites and also to identify workers’ equipment wearing status in real-time scenarios. The proposed architecture is realized by implementing customized hardware, based on 2.4 GHz Zigbee, 433 MHz long-range (LoRa), and Wi-Fi. Furthermore, in the analysis of the evaluation metrics of LoRa, it is concluded that the lowest sensitivity is observed for SF 12 at BW 41.7 kHz and the highest is observed for SF 7 at BW 500 kHz; the maximum value data rate is observed at BW 500 kHz at CR 1 for SF 7, and the minimum data rate is observed at BW 41.7 at CR 4 for SF 12. In the future, the customized hardware will be implemented in different construction environments resolving possible challenges that empower to implementation of the proposed architecture in wide extensions.

Noise exposure and its impact on health in an auto parts manufacturing enterprise

Objective: To learn about the noise exposure and health status of workers and analyze factors that may affect the health outcomes of workers in an auto manufacturing enterprise in Tianjin City. Methods: In September 2020, occupational hygiene survey, noise exposure level detection and occupational health examination data collection were carried out in an auto parts manufacturing enterprise. Chi square test and unconditional logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the health effects of noise exposure and hearing loss of 361 noise exposure workers. Results: The rates of over-standard noise exposure, hearing loss and hypertension were 69.39% (34/49) , 33.24% (120/361) and 11.36% (41/361) , respectively. There were upward trends on age and noise-working years for hearing loss and hypertension rates (χ(2)=-5.95, -6.16, -2.81, -2.74, P<0.05) . Unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that age>35 years old, noise exposure length of service >10 years and noise L(EX, 8 h)>85 dB (A) were risk factors for hearing loss (OR=3.57, 95%CI: 1.09, 11.75; OR=4.05, 95%CI: 1.97, 8.25; OR=1.75, 95%CI: 1.00, 3.05; P=0.036, 0.001, 0.047) . Conclusion: This company has a high rate of job noise exceeding the standard, and noise-exposed workers have more serious hearing loss. Age, noise exposure and high noise exposure are risk factors for hearing loss.

Effect of an on-site physical therapy on pain, posture, function and composition, and work-related health status in workers in Korea.

The incidence of work-related musculoskeletal disease is increasing despite automated manufacturing processes. To examine the effect of a customized on-site exercise program on pain, posture, body function, body composition, and work-related health status of workers at an auto-parts factory. Fifty-six participants were randomly divided into one of two groups: experimental (EG), which received a customized exercise program that included manual and exercise therapy from physiotherapy at the workplace; and control (CG), which received customized exercise sheets for a self-directed program at home. The program was performed 3 times per week for 12 weeks. Assessments were performed according to numerical rating scale (NRS), Exbody, Selective Functional Movement Assessment (SFMA), InBody, Short-Form-12 version 2 (SF-12v2), and Work Ability Index (WAI), which were evaluated before and after the program. The EG exhibited significant within-group changes in NRS, Exbody, SFMA, SF-12v2, and WAI; the CG exhibited significant within-group changes only in NRS and SFMA (p < 0.05). There were significant between-group differences in NRS, Exbody, SFMA, and WAI (p < 0.05). An on-site program including manual and exercise therapy directed by a physiotherapist among workers at an auto-parts manufacturer was effective in improving pain levels, posture, body function, and work-related health status.

MIDDLE-AGED QUARRY WORKERS' PERSPECTIVES ON SUCCESSFUL AGEING AT WORK. A QUALITATIVE STUDY

Workers in quarries are exposed to extremely physical demanding work that may pose a risk of adverse health consequences, especially at advanced age. Digital technologies can provide support at workplaces to compensate the daily occupational dangers reducing their impact on long term worker health status. The purpose of this study is to identify relevant factors to improve long-term workability of aged quarry workers that can be addressed. Two focus groups were conducted with the participation of mid-aged workers from four different quarries. Up to 20 factors that influence positive and negatively on workability have emerge. These factors were classified in three common themes: work influences on health, job satisfaction and work-life balance. These results help point the way to the development of safety ageing measures and programs specific for quarry workers and miners oriented to avoid injuries, increase safety at work and contribute to successful retirement policies. Keywords: workability; ageing at work; quarry workers; safety and health at work; Industry 4.0.

Occupational Factors Affecting Women Workers' Sexual and Reproductive Health Outcomes in Oil, Gas, and Mining Industry: A Scoping Review.

Objectives: Globally, female workers workforce in Oil, Gas, and Mining (OGM) industry have increased significantly. The complexities of the OGM operations and the extensive exposure to workplace hazards potentially affect the health status of workers, including sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes of female workers. Yet, the current state of knowledge on SRH issues in OGM contexts seems to be limited and fragmented. This scoping review aims to identify the occupational factors that influence women’s SRH outcomes in OGM industry. Methods: This scoping review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute’s guidelines (PRISMA) and was conducted in five databases, including the citation chaining via Google Scholar and manual search through relevant organisations and Government websites. Sixteen articles met the inclusion criteria and were analysed. Results: Despite the scarcity of evidence, chemical and physical are found to be the predominant factors greatly influencing women workers’ SRH outcomes in OGM. Most studies showed menstrual and cycle disorders, and risky pregnancy as key SRH issues. However, menstruation disorder was considerably linked with psychological and organisational factors. Conclusion: This review suggests further empirical research on the relationship between OGM occupational hazards and women workers’ SRH. This will contribute to improvements in workplace safety legislations, measures, policies, and management systems taking into account women’s needs.

Asbestos dust concentrations and health conditions of workers at asbestos-cement corrugated sheet production manufacturers in Vietnam: a nationwide assessment

This study examined contemporary concentrations of asbestos dust during production and the health conditions of workers at asbestos-cement corrugated sheet production manufacturers in Vietnam. A nationwide survey was conducted on 28 factories (with 206 air samples) and 2459 workers. Asbestos fiber dust and the health status of workers were assessed. Results showed that 108/206 (52.4%) samples had asbestos fiber dust. The average concentration of asbestos fibers was 0.19 ± 0.14 fibers/ml. The percentage of workers with thickened pleural lesions/pleural calcification nodules was low. More studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of biomarkers in preventing the onset of lung cancer and mesothelioma in workers.

Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment in Glass Coater Plant

In industrial arena, if any industry to be successful, it has to be safe, reliable, and sustainable in its operations. The industry has to identify the hazards and assess the associated risks and to bring the risks to tolerable level. Most of the accidents are caused by our latent or patent, visible or invisible, known or unknown, detectable or undetectable, intentional or unintentional unsafe acts, conditions and sequential events leading to accident. They explain rather the causation and not just the occurrence. Therefore, all should find the cause of accident and the appropriate measures for prevention. The zero-accident goal is an ideal goal, and everyone organization must try to achieve it by using all safety philosophy and technology. In reality, an industry and accidents are co-related and each industry is facing the accident problem, the nature, number and size may differ. It is this accident problem at the root which has generated the need of safety. Deaths, injuries and suffering are its direct results. Compensation, productionless, time-loss and various costs-losses are indirect results. The injured worker, his family, factory and the nation, all are the sufferers. Accidents not resulting in human injuries, but resulting in property damage or money-loss are also accountable and undesired. Therefore, accident is always undesirable. That is why the accident problem has attracted attention worldwide. Industries are increasing to fulfil basic human needs food, clothing, home, employment or earning and requirements of goods, services and facilities. This brings industrial hazards of various types viz. mechanical, electrical, noise, vibration, chemical (fire, explosion, radiation, gas, dust, fumes, poisoning etc.) and many visible or invisible health hazards. It is the basic need to protect the human life and environment from all such hazards. Effective controls protect workers from workplace hazards, help avoid injuries, illnesses, and incidents, minimize or eliminate safety and health risks and help employers provide workers with safe and healthful working conditions. Only Risk Assessment can do it.

Application of Markov models to predict changes in nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus among industrial hog operations workers

Industrial hog operation (IHO) workers can be occupationally exposed to Staphylococcus aureus and may carry the bacteria in their nares. Workers may persistently carry S. aureus or transition between different states of nasal carriage over time: no nasal carriage, nasal carriage of a human-associated strain, and nasal carriage of a livestock-associated strain. We developed a mathematical model to predict the proportion of IHO workers in each nasal carriage state over time, accounting for IHO worker mask use. We also examined data sufficiency requirements to inform development of models that produce reliable predictions. We used nasal carriage data from a cohort of 101 IHO workers in North Carolina, sampled every 2 weeks for 4 months, to develop a three-state Markov model that describes the transition dynamics of IHO worker nasal carriage status over the study period and at steady state. We also stratified models by mask use to examine their impact on worker transition dynamics. If conditions remain the same, our models predicted that 49.1% of workers will have no nasal carriage of S. aureus, 28.2% will carry livestock-associated S. aureus, and 22.7% will carry human-associated S. aureus at steady state. In stratified models, at steady state, workers who reported only occasional mask (<80% of the time) use had a higher predicted proportion of individuals with livestock-associated S. aureus nasal carriage (39.2%) compared to workers who consistently (≥80% of the time) wore a mask (15.5%). We evaluated the amount of longitudinal data that is sufficient to create a Markov model that accurately predicts future nasal carriage states by creating multiple models that withheld portions of the collected data and compared the model predictions to observed data. Our data sufficiency analysis indicated that models created with a small subset of the dataset (approximately 1/3 of observed data) perform similarly to models created using all observed data points. Markov models may have utility in predicting worker health status over time, even when limited longitudinal data are available.

The effectiveness of nutrition and health intervention in workplace setting: a systematic review.

Health status of workers are crucial to maintain their productivity and it will impact on output per capita. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition and health intervention in workplace setting and implication for further research. Articles were searched from PubMed, PMC, Cochrane Library (Trial), Science-direct, and Google scholar published from 2005-2020. Inclusion criteria were the intervention subject aged 19-64 years old with experimental randomized control trial (RCT) or non-RCT study design. Several keywords used for literature searching including “nutrition education in workplace”, “nutrition intervention in workplace”, and “workplace intervention”. Data were narratively described. Eleven studies were meet inclusion and exclusion criteria and further be reviewed. Five studies focused on intervene food environment in the workplace, four studies focused on nutrition education using different channels i.e., workplace visiting and emails, the other two interventions were objected to decrease health risk regarding occupational health. Positive outcomes were recorded for all workplace intervention, including increase in nutrition knowledge, self-efficacy, reduce risky behavior, and also improved body mass index and blood biomarkers. Workplace nutrition and health intervention proved to be an effective way to enhanced balanced nutrition behavior and improve health status. This study implies an urgency of nutrition and health intervention in a workplace. Significance for public health This systematic review proved several nutrition and health intervention in workplace setting that resulting in improvement of healthy behavior, anthropometric and biochemical indicators. Further, nutrition and health intervention can be implemented in workplace as a way to increase work productivity, reduce the disease burden costs of employee, and improve general health status.

The Retention of Older Employees and Core Work Activities: Evidence From Denmark.

Retention of older employees in the labor market is crucial to cope with aging populations. Retention of older employees can appear in different forms, such as phased retirement, bridge jobs, career development, or health promotion. However, little is known about how the offering of these retention strategies may vary across workplaces with different core work activities because the opportunities to implement different types of retention strategies are preconditioned by differences in the economic and labor market climate. The study utilizes data from a survey conducted among Danish workplaces in 2018, which is linked to administrative register data to conduct Karlson-Holm-Breen-corrected logistic regression models. The study distinguishes among production workplaces, service and welfare workplaces, and information workplaces. Phased retirement is most prevalent in service and welfare workplaces, whereas job bridging is most prevalent in both service and welfare and production workplaces. Career development and health promotion strategies are least prevalent in production workplaces. These retention differences between workplaces with different core work activities are in most cases explained by differences in trade union influence, physical working demands, and knowledge intensity. Although the type of retention strategy offered in the workplace largely matches the core work activity within the workplace, particularly production workplaces could feasibly take more advantage of using career development or health promotion strategies because the employees of these workplaces are more likely to retire early due to poor health and physical working conditions.

Hydration and Urine Quality in Workers Exposed to Heat Stress (Study on Ceramic Production Workers)

Workers in the ceramic industry were exposed to high heat stress every day, that can caused dehydration. Dehydration can be identified by urine color, urine pH, and urine specific gravity (USG). It is also necessary to know urine quality to indicate the health condition of workers, including by turbidity, presence of protein, epithelium, bacteria, and leucosit. This research is analytic and descriptive, with a cross-sectional. The population and sample are all workers in the ceramic industry center in Klampok Village, Banjarnegara Regency, Central Java, are 55 workers. The variables studied were heat stress, amount of drinking water consumption, dehydration status, and urine quality. Heat stress is measured using a heat stress meter, the amount of drinking water consumption is identified through interviews, dehydration status is measured through urine examination taken after work and analyzed in the Banjarnegara District Health Office laboratory, including color (with standard urine color indicator), pH (with digital pH), and the USG (with a refractometer). The quality of urine is seen from the turbidity, the presence of protein, epithelium, bacteria, and leucocyte levels that analyzed in the laboratory. Based on the urine pH no worker is dehydrated. However, based on the urine colour, 60% of the workers were dehydrated, and based on the USG, 76.4% of the workers were dehydrateded. The relationship between the amount of water consumption based on urine color, p value = 0,013, and based on USG p value= 0,863. 21,8% urine were cloudy, 91% positive protein, 91% positive leucosite, 96,4% normal epithel, 100% positive contains bacteria. There is a relationship between the amount of drinking water consumption with dehidration status based on urine color.