Attitude Of Health Workers Research Articles

Perceived Needs and Barriers to Accessing Sexual Reproductive Health (SRH) Services Among the Ik Community, Kaabong District, Uganda

Background: The Ik are minority group of people in Kaabong district, Uganda. They are the most marginalized. In addition, little is known about their perceived SRH needs and barriers to accessing SRH services.Objective: To determine perceived needs and barriers to accessing SRH services by the Ik community.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical design with analytical was used, both quantitative and qualitative (mixed methods). Data was collected using key informant interviews, focus group discussions and semi-structured questionnaires. Sample of 345 participants selected randomly and purposively. Qualitative analysis was thematic whereas Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) was for quantitative analysis.Results: Perceived SRH needs of the Ik were; limited access to SRH information, lack of protection from gender-based violence and lack of access to comprehensive safe motherhood programs. Access to SRH services was limited mainly by poverty, limited range of available RH services, long distances to health facilities, poor attitudes of health workers, culture, poor road networks and language barriers. Individual factors; period in marriage (p=0.047), number of sex partners (p=0.041), type of house structure one lived in (p=0.039), economic activity (p=0.009) were significantly associated with access of SRH services.Conclusion: SRH needs of the Ik community is still wanting

Why do women attend antenatal care but give birth at home? a qualitative study in a rural Ghanaian District.

The Sustainable Development Goal Three has prioritised reducing maternal, under-5 and neonatal mortalities as core global health policy objectives. The place, where expectant mothers choose to deliver their babies has a direct effect on maternal health outcomes. In sub-Saharan Africa, existing literature has shown that some women attend antenatal care during pregnancy but choose to deliver their babies at home. Using the Andersen and Newman Behavioural Model, this study explored the institutional and socio-cultural factors motivating women to deliver at home after attending antenatal care. A qualitative, exploratory, cross-sectional design was deployed. Data were collected from a purposive sample of 23 women, who attended antenatal care during pregnancy but delivered their babies at home, 10 health workers and 17 other community-level stakeholders. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews, which were audio-recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed. In line with the Andersen and Newman Model, the study discovered that traditional and religious belief systems about marital fidelity and the role of the gods in childbirth, myths about consequences of facility-based delivery, illiteracy, and weak women's autonomy in healthcare decision-making, predisposed women to home delivery. Home delivery was also enabled by inadequate midwives at health facilities, the unfriendly attitude of health workers, hidden charges for facility-based delivery, and long distances to healthcare facilities. The fear of caesarean section, also created the need for women who attended antenatal care to deliver at home. The study has established that socio-cultural and institutional level factors influenced women's decisions to deliver at home. We recommend a general improvement in the service delivery capacity of health facilities, and the implementation of collaborative educational and women empowerment programmes by stakeholders, to strengthen women's autonomy and reshape existing traditional and religious beliefs facilitating home delivery.

Challenges experienced by cancer patients receiving treatment at Oshakati oncology clinic, Oshana region, Namibia

People living with cancer encounter different problems; some are related to their diagnoses and treatment. The purpose of the study was to explore and describe the challenges experienced by cancer patients receiving treatment at Oshakati oncology clinic in Namibia. A qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study was conducted using purposive sampling and twelve patients diagnosed with different types of cancer were interviewed using unstructured individual in-depth interview. Data were transcribed verbatim and Tesch `s method was used to analyze the data.The study revealed multifaceted challenges which include physical constraints such as physical ailments, long distance to health facilities and excessive travelling; financial and resource constraints as well as other challenges such as negative attitudes of health workers, poor communication and inadequate provision of information to patients. The study concluded that understanding those challenges will assist the government, private sectors, non- governmental organization and health workers to come up with intervention strategies to support cancer patients effectively. The study recommends the need to decentralize oncology services and to provide in-service training to the health workers working with patients living with cancer. Â

Assessment of Client Satisfaction in Labour and Delivery Services in a Tertiary Hospital in Western Nepal.

Patient satisfaction is an individual's positive evaluation of a distinct dimension of health care. This study aimed to assess client satisfaction with maternity care in a tertiary hospital in the western region of Nepal. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 405 delivered women. A structured questionnaire of 21 items was used as a tool during exit interviews at their discharge. Each item was assessed on 5 points Likert scale. Student's t-test and one-way ANOVA tests were applied to analyse parametric data. Binary logistic regression analysis was applied to identify the association of predictors with the satisfaction level. Strength of association was interpreted using odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. The mean waiting time was 16.94 +5.57 minutes. Education level of the clients was statistically significant with the mean satisfaction score (p<0.001). Women with unwanted pregnancies were more satisfied than those with wanted pregnancies (p<0.001). Lower complete satisfaction rates were observed for pain control (6.4%), information at discharge (14.6%) and the degree of privacy in the ward (13.6%). Mothers who underwent instrumental delivery were less satisfied with health worker's attitudes than those having vaginal deliveries (odds ratio 0.20, 95% confidence interval:0.05-0.84). Those having uncomplicated deliveries were 3.5 times more likely to be satisfied (odds ratio 3.50, 95% confidence interval: 1.1-11.5) with health workers communication. Mothers with waiting time less than 15 minutes were more satisfied. Lower educational level, unwanted pregnancy and shorter waiting time were associated with higher maternal satisfaction.

A Quasi – Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme Regarding Knowledge of Personal Protective Equipment (Ppe) use in Among Nursing Students at Selected Nursing Institute Faridabad (Haryana)

Health worker are constantly exposed to infectious pathogens while they provide care to the patients. There are plenty of infection, for health workers to get affected by infection, so infection control measures are most necessary for health workers. By practicing infection control techniques, the health workers can avoid spreading microorganism. This can be possible when there is up gradation of knowledge and attitude of health workers regarding PPE. In this study the researcher Aimed: to assess the effectiveness of Structured teaching programmed on use of PPE among nursing students. Research design: adopted for this study was quasi experimental design, samples for this study was selected through convenient sampling technique. Total sample size for study was 100. Pre- test was done for the subjects in both group experimental and control group and experimental group received structured teaching programme regarding PPE use. Control group subjects did not receive any special intervention. On the seventh day took post- test among subjects in both groups to assess the structured teaching programme regarding use of PPE. Data collection were analyzed with the help of descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Mean post test score in experimental and control group was 25.72and 13.71 respectively. The mean difference score was 12.01. The standard deviation score in experimental group was 2.170 and in control group 9.131. The ‘t’ Value was 59.524 which was statistically significant at ‘P’ value 0.000. Conclusion: This study imposes importance of suitable health teaching intervention through proper structure to the nursing students, for use of PPE.

Patient Navigator and Community Health Worker Attitudes Toward End-of-Life Care.

Background: There are racial/ethnic disparities in hospice use and end-of-life (EOL) care outcomes in the United States. Although the use of community health workers (CHWs) and patient navigators (PNs) has been suggested as a means of reducing them, CHW/PNs' attitudes toward a palliative care philosophy remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine how personal attributes affect a CHW/PN's attitude toward EOL care. Methods: CHWs/PNs were recruited from two state-wide organizations and invited to complete an online survey. We collected information on demographics, attitudes toward the palliative care philosophy, and comfort with caring for patients at the EOL. Results: Of the 70 CHWs/PNs who responded to the survey, 82.5% identified as female, 56.4% identified as black, and 56.2% had a four-year college degree or higher. The mean score on a validated scale to assess attitudes toward EOL care was 33.5 (SD = 4.9; possible range, 8-40). Eighty percent strongly agreed or agreed with being open to discussing death with a dying patient. Higher self-efficacy scores were associated with more favorable attitudes toward hospice (r = 0.306, p = 0.016). Conclusions: CHWs/PNs have an overall favorable attitude toward the palliative care philosophy and may be inclined to providing EOL care.

Case Study Analysis: The Utilization of Health Services by Citizens at Area of Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia

BACKGROUND: Citizens are people who have a high risk of exposure to diseases due to unhealthy environmental conditions. This requires citizens to take advantage of health services in order to get optimal examinations. AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine the description and relationship between the characteristics of citizens, the characteristics of health services and the utilization of health services by citizens in the area of Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia in 2020. METHODS: The quantitative research method with cross-sectional design used random sampling techniques. The number of samples was 150 families in the area of Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia. The riset measured data using a questionnaire and collected data by interviewing the respondents. Data analysis used Chi-square analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The results showed that the variables related to the utilization of health services were knowledge variable (p = 0.001), number of families (p = 0.021), perception of pain (p = 0.001), and family support (p = 0.030). And the variables that were not related to the utilization of health services were ownership of health insurance (p = 0.750), transportation (p = 0.297), distance (0.340), health information (p = 0.538), and attitudes of health workers (p = 1000). As well as the dominant variable related to the utilization of health services, that is knowledge (p = 0.000) with odds ratio 12.876. CONCLUSION: It is hope that primary healthcare and health workers can involve more communities around the area in their work programs, such as providing health information.

Hubungan Antara Pengetahuan Dan Sikap Dengan Tindakan Petugas Kesehatan Dalam Upaya Pengelolaan Sampah Medis Di Puskesmas Dawan II Tahun 2021

Abstract The Public Health is a functional organization unit that organizes health efforts that are comprehensive and integrated, evenly accepted and affordable by the community. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes of health workers and actions in efforts to manage medical waste at Dawan II Public Health Center in 2021. This research is a type of quantitative research with a cross sectional approach with a population of all health workers totaling 63 people with the instruments used in the form of questionnaires and observation sheets. The analysis was carried out by univariate and bivariate with the Chi-square test. Based on hypothesis testing, it is known that the knowledge of health workers in efforts to manage medical waste at the health center has a P-Value = 0.001 significance p = 0.05. Meanwhile, the attitude of health workers in the efforts to manage medical waste at the health centers has a P-Value = 0.001 significance p = 0.05. So it can be concluded that there is a relationship between knowledge and attitudes with the actions of health workers in efforts to manage medical waste at Dawan II Public Health Center in 2021. Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Medical Waste Management

Knowledge and attitude regarding face mask usage in preventing covid-19 among health care workers in a tertiary care centre in South Kerala

Background: The Corona Virus Disease-19 has increased alarmingly worldwide causing widespread mortality and morbidity. Use of facemask is considered as a cheap, effective and safe method with minimum disruption in day-to-day life. This study was aimed at assessing the knowledge and attitude of health workers regarding usage of face mask and its association with sociodemographic variables. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 125 health care workers of Dr. SMCSI Medical College Hospital, Karakonam, South Kerala. A predesigned pretested questionnaire was used to assess the levels of knowledge and Likert scale to assess the levels of attitude of health care workers. Data collection was done after obtaining HEC clearance and by obtaining an informed written consent. Data analysis was done by descriptive statistics using SPSS software. Results: Among the healthcare workers 52% of them have adequate knowledge regarding usage of facemask and only 10.4% have inadequate knowledge. About (48.8%) of them showed moderately adequate towards usage of face masks. There is also a significant association between knowledge and attitude regarding usage of face masks with selected sociodemographic variables (P value <0.05*). Conclusion: The results of this study provided a better insight in usage of facemasks in preventing COVID-19 among health workers which will in turn enable them to develop a positive attitude towards it which will in turn help the public to be compliant with a safe and cost effective method to comply bring this pandemic under control.

Determinants of Hesitancy to Childhood Immunizations in a Peri -Urban Settlement; A Case Study of Nansana Municipality, Uganda

Vaccine hesitancy to immunization against the childhood vaccine-preventable diseases is increasingly becoming a concern worldwide, which negatively impacts the parents’ willingness to vaccinate their children. The objective of this study was to establish the current prevalence of vaccine hesitancy and the factors that determine parent’s hesitancy to childhood immunizations in Nansana Municipality, Wakiso District, Uganda. This was a cross-sectional mixed methods study, utilizing both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Evaluation of the determinants of vaccine hesitancy was carried out on 344 parents of children under 24 months, using simple random sampling on pre-tested structured questionnaires. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0 software. Additionally, 2 focus group discussions with parents were also conducted. Vaccine hesitancy was found to be 27.6%. Education level (AOR=4.9, 95% CI, 2.6 -29.5, p=0.01), belief in vaccine effectiveness (AOR= 0.47, 95% CI, 0.17 – 0.97, p=0.01), health workers attitude (AOR=0.22, 95% CI, 0.06 - 0.86, p=0.03), timing of immunization service clinic (AOR = 3.4, 95% CI, 1.8 – 6.4, p=0.01) and adequate information provision (AOR = 0.64, 95% CI, 0.16 – 0.99, p=0.04), were the factors that were independently determining vaccine hesitancy. The vaccine hesitancy prevalence rate is comparatively similar to previous urban area studies. Despite parents overwhelmingly believing in vaccines protecting their children from vaccine-preventable disease, these same parents, express concerns regarding timing of the clinic and the side effects of vaccines. There is a need to improve on communication and information flow to address the many vaccine safety concerns, such as side effects. Keywords: Childhood, Determinants, Hesitancy, Immunization, Urban.

The burden of drug resistant tuberculosis in a predominantly nomadic population in Uganda: a mixed methods study

BackgroundEmergence of drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) has aggravated the tuberculosis (TB) public health burden worldwide and especially in low income settings. We present findings from a predominantly nomadic population in Karamoja, Uganda with a high-TB burden (3500 new cases annually) and sought to determine the prevalence, patterns, factors associated with DR-TB.MethodsWe used mixed methods of data collection. We enrolled 6890 participants who were treated for tuberculosis in a programmatic setting between January 2015 and April 2018. A cross sectional study and a matched case control study with conditional logistic regression and robust standard errors respectively were used to the determine prevalence and factors associated with DR-TB. The qualitative methods included focus group discussions, in-depth interviews and key informant interviews.ResultsThe overall prevalence of DR-TB was 41/6890 (0.6%) with 4/64,197 (0.1%) among the new and 37/2693 (1.4%) among the previously treated TB patients respectively. The drug resistance patterns observed in the region were mainly rifampicin mono resistant (68.3%) and Multi Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (31.7%). Factors independently associated with DR-TB were previous TB treatment, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 13.070 (95%CI 1.552–110.135) and drug stock-outs aOR 0.027 (95%CI 0.002–0.364). The nomadic lifestyle, substance use, congested homesteads and poor health worker attitudes were a great challenge to effective treatment of TB.ConclusionDespite having the highest national TB incidence, Karamoja still has a low DR-TB prevalence. Previous TB treatment and drug stock outs were associated with DR-TB. Regular supply of anti TB medications and health education may help to stem the burden of TB disease in this nomadic population.

Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Perilaku Ibu Hamil dalam Pemanfaatan Pelayanan Antenatal Care (K4) di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tarus

The Antenatal Care (ANC) service's success is seen from the coverage of K4, which is the number of pregnant women who have obtained ANC services with a minimum of four times the recommended schedule in each trimester during pregnancy. The achievement of K4 coverage at Tarus Health Center in the last three years has not reached the national MSS target (95%), which is 71,86% (2017), 77,63% (2018), and 65,48% (2019). This study aimed to determine the factors associated with the ANC (K4) visit in pregnant women in the Tarus Health Centre's working area. The type of research is an analytical survey using a cross-sectional design with a sample of 75 people and conducted in August-September 2020. The statistical test used is the Chi-Square test. The results showed that the related variables were the knowledge level (p=0,000), maternal attitude (p=0,006), service accessibility (p=0,035), and exposure to media information (p=0,000). Unrelated were husband support (p=0,291) and attitude of health workers (p=0.870). Health Centers should give regular counselling, supported by printed media, electronic media, and other media information that can increase pregnant women's participation in using ANC (K4) services. The public is expected to be involved.

Knowledge and attitude on prevention of COVID-19 among community health workers in Nepal-a cross-sectional study

BackgroundEmerging and reemerging pathogens are global challenges for public health and the pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019is a reemerging case of an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Corornavirus-2. Health care worker worldwide are at higher risk worldwide and the situation is the same in Nepal. The knowledge and attitude of health workers will certainly mark the outcome towards this pandemic. So, this study aims to assess the knowledge and attitude of community health workers towards the prevention of COVID-19 virus.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among the community health workers of various provinces of Nepal. A semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire was prepared in Google form and circulated to the sampled health workers through various social media platforms like face book, messenger, Instagram and g-mails. A total of 650 invitations were send and among them 420 responded and among them only 399 provided complete response. Responses containing anonymized data was collected analyzed in using SPSS-version-20. The results were interpreted and was checked with various demographic and enabling factors using chi-square test and logistic regression model. Also, ethical approval was taken from NHRC (Nepal Health Research Council (protocol registration number: 360/2020P) prior to the conduction of study.ResultsOut the total sample size of 450, we took 399 responses taking into consideration all the inclusion criteria. So, from 399 valid response, 230 (47.6%) were males and 169 (42.4%) were females. 380 (95.2%) employed participants thought that wearing PPE will reduce the chances of getting COVID-19, majority of the participants 80.5% (321) responded that COVID-19 will successfully be controlled and staffs receiving excellent support from palika had high knowledge level. Knowledge level was significantly associated with the enabling factor “support from palika” (P = 0.045).45.9% of the respondents had no availability of COVID-19 response medical items for prevention of COVID-19 at their respective health facilities. Also the logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds of knowledge level was 2 times higher (AOR=1.913 at 95% CI: 1.266-2.891) compared to the female participants (Ref- female).ConclusionsProper and adequate knowledge and attitude towards COVID-19 is a paramount in the prevention and control of SARS-COV-2. Health care workers are knowledgeable about COVID-19 and are proactively practicing the preventive measures to minimize the spread of infection but some lack optimistic attitude. Hence, the constantly updated educational programs related to COVID-19 will surely contribute to improving the healthcare workers knowledge and attitude towards COVID-19.

English

BACKGROUND The novel corona virus 2019 has caused a great hue and cry, especially as the whole world has been caught unawares. We wanted to study the attitude of medical practitioners and their families toward the current situation and on their practice. METHODS We conducted an observational, cross sectional study in the form of an online survey with a questionnaire. All practitioners willing to participate in the study were included. A total of 567 responses were obtained, of which 536 were eligible to be included. RESULTS From the data analysed, 75 % felt that it was in the line of duty to handle Covid suspects. However, 84.5 % felt that they were putting self and their families at risk by doing so, and 74.4 % did not want to handle Covid suspects, because they did not belong to their speciality. The primary concern of 90 % of the respondents was the risk of exposure and quarantine. Occasional anxiety while going to work was seen in 53.7 % of the respondents. On surveying the attitude of family members, we found that 87.3 % of the parents and spouses feared for their safety, but at the same time felt they were doing their duty. While studying the attitude of children, 57.8 % of them felt that their parents were doing a noble job. CONCLUSIONS The majority of practitioners are not trained to handle the current crisis. Fear and anxiety because of lack of knowledge, poor attitude and lack of guidelines may lead to increased stress levels and reluctance to handle suspect Covid-19 patients. KEY WORDS Covid 19, Stress, Attitude of Health Workers

Birth Preparedness Practice: Profiling Determining Factors for Male Involvement in Southern Nigeria

Maternal mortality remains high in most African countries including Nigeria. Delays in seeking care for normal delivery and obstetric emergencies are the major determinants of maternal mortality. Birth Preparedness (BP) has been found to be very effective in reducing these delays. Females have always been focused on birth preparedness studies. This study was however designed to investigate male involvement in the practice of birth preparedness in Southern, Nigeria. This was a descriptive study design using a validated structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 302 married men in the community. Knowledge on BP was measured on a 48-point knowledge scale and a 30-point practice scale was used to determine male involvement in BP. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics at p&lt;0.05. The mean age of the respondents was 38.0 ± 8.6 years. Majority (59.9 %) of the respondents had good knowledge on birth preparedness. Mean score for level of involvement was 21.52±5.4 and 43.0% of the respondents had good score. Identified factors militating against male involvement in birth preparedness include low socioeconomic status, busy work schedule, cultural belief, and poor attitude of health workers. There was significant association between knowledge of birth preparedness and religion as well as level of male involvement in BP (p=0.018; 0.001 respectively). This study showed low level of male involvement in birth preparedness. Several factors were identified to be responsible for this. There is therefore the need for sustainable community health education programmes to motivate and encourage male involvement in birth preparedness. Keywords: Birth preparedness, Knowledge, Male involvement, Practices

Pengalaman Pasien Covid-19 yang Menjalani Perawatan di Rumah Sakit Darurat Covid Wisma Atlet Jakarta

This study aims to explore the experiences of COVID-19 patients treated at the Wisma Atlet COVID-19 Emergency Hospital. The research method used in this study is a qualitative research method with thematic analysis methods. This study showed that there were 2 participants with suspected cases and 5 participants with confirmed cases, while the age of participants was between 26 to 54 years. The participants' occupations are four employees, two medical personnel, and one civil servant with an average quarantine time of 14 to 38 days of care. In conclusion, This study resulted in 6 themes, namely: changes experienced by patients when diagnosed with COVID-19, changes experienced by the family and environment of family members diagnosed with COVID-19, sources of information for treatment, attitudes of health workers who carry out treatment, description of patient feelings. while being treated, the hope of COVID-19 patients being treated at the Wisma Atlet RSDC.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: COVID-19, Wisma Athlete Jakarta Emergency Hospital, Quarantine, Experience

HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP PETUGAS KESEHATAN TERHADAP KEPATUHAN MELAKUKAN HAND HYGIENE DI RSUD RAJA AHMAD TABIB TANJUNGPINANG

Hospitals, apart from medical referral centers, also have the potential to transmit infections which are often referred to as Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs). HAIs are a major problem faced worldwide and their incidence is increasing. The incidence of HAIs in hospitals in Asian countries is around 3-21% with an average of 9%. In Indonesia, the average incidence of HAIs is around 9.1% higher than in Asian countries. The incidence of HAIs in government hospitals is 55.1%, private hospitals 35.7%, and ABRI hospitals 9.1%. Currently, the incidence of HAIs is used as a benchmark for the quality of hospital services. One of the steps in infection prevention and control is through hand hygiene. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a relationship between knowledge and attitudes of health workers on compliance with hand hygiene. This study used an analytical research design with a cross sectional approach and was carried out at the Raja Ahmad Tabib Hospital Tanjungpinang on July 16-30 2019. The sample in this study was 80 respondents with purposive sampling technique. From the results of the study, the majority of health workers have good knowledge (80%), the majority of health workers have good attitudes (77.5%), and most health workers comply with hand hygiene (65%). between knowledge and adherence to hand hygiene where p = 0.000 <0.05 and there is a relationship between attitudes towards compliance with hand hygiene where p = 0.000 <0.05. In conclusion, there is a relationship between knowledge and attitudes of health workers to compliance with hand hygiene. Suggestions that respondents can increase compliance to always do hand hygiene in order to reduce the incidence of HAIs in hospitals.

Medication Compliance for Tuberculosis Patients with Quote TB Light at Public Health Center in 2020

Tuberculosis is a chronic disease that requires prolonged medication and slow recovery, hence the problem that often occurs is the patients’ medication compliance. This study is aimed to identify the Description of the Medication Compliance for Tuberculosis Patients with Quote TB Light in Public Health Center. The method of this study was quantitative descriptive using cross sectional design with 92 patients from February to March 2020. The results showed that 51% of tuberculosis patients had complied with the medication. Based on the dimensions of Quote TB Light, the majority of patients have a good perception regarding: TB services (93.65%); the information received is appropriate (100%); health workers when providing consultations (100%); the availability of infrastructures (66%); the service provided by health workers is appropriate (74.5%); the affordability of TB medication is good (100%); and the attitude of health workers (100%). The conclusion is that the description of the medication compliance of tuberculosis patients based on Quote TB Light is good, but it is necessary to improve the quality of services on health workers’ capability and competence, to make improvements and consistent interventions in waiting time, and to pay attention to the infrastructure in order to provide the comfort for patients.

Contributing Factors of Prenatal Visit K4 Donomulyo Public Health center in 2013

Background: In East Lampung, the rate of K4 in Several Primary Health Cares has exceeded 90% of National targetsDonomulyo; while in Primary Health Care, the rate of K4 achieved only 71.2%, with an increase dropped out the rate from 18.19% in 2010 to 21.69% in 2011. Aim: The study's objective was to determine K4 antenatal care is contributing factor in Donomulyo Primary Health Center in 2013. Method: The study was analytical cross-sectional research. The study's population was all third-trimester pregnant women in Donomulyo Primary Health Care's working area during July 2013, 76. The sampling technique in this study was total sampling, in which there were 48 samples, including full inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study. The Data was analyzed using frequentation distribution, chi-square, and double logistics regression. Result: 45% mother did not fully fill K4 antenatal visit, 33.3% of respondents were in risky age, the parity risky was 45.8%, 54.2% of respondents had low social status, 43.8% of respondents could not easily access health facilities, 41.7% of the respondents had low knowledge and 45.8% of the respondents thought that health worker's attitude was negative. The research found a significant correlation among maternal age (p value = 0.010 and OR = 6,600), parity (p value = 0.047 and OR = 3.938), economic status (p value = 0.001, OR = 10.125), access to health facilities (p value = 0.024, OR = 4.750), knowledge (p value = 0.011 and OR = 5,833), and health worker's attitude (p value = 0.047 and OR 3.938). Conclusion and Suggestion: Health providers must increase patient's knowledge by giving comprehensive counseling about the benefits of K4 antenatal visits and improving the quality of care to attract women to do antenatal visits, especially for high-risk women. Keywords: pregnancy, antenatal visits, K4

Saudi Arabian Health Workers’ Perception and Attitudes Toward Magnetic Resonance Imaging Safety

The knowledge of health workers about magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) safety is essential to ensure patients' safety and comfort, achieve a smooth workflow, and save valuable scan time. The aim of this study was to determine the perception and attitudes of health workers toward MRI safety. A cross-sectional online survey of 194 health workers was conducted between March 27th and April 3rd, 2020. The survey instrument consisted of demographic characteristics, including 15 items on knowledge and 7 items on attitudes on perception and toward MRI safety in Aseer province, Saudi Arabia. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, binary logistic regression, t-tests, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were conducted. The overall knowledge score of the health workers was 60% and the attitude score was 71.4% for the perception of MRI safety. Participants in the age group of 30-39 years were more aware of MRI basic knowledge than other age groups. Nurses were more likely to be aware of basic MRI knowledge than physicians and dentists (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.11–5.04) and (AOR = 3.06, 95% CI = .96–9.73). Health workers having a Ph.D., master's, or bachelor's degree were more likely aware of basic MRI knowledge than were those with a diploma (AOR = 7, 95%, CI = 1.39–35.35, AOR = 8.17, 95% CI = 1.23–51.40, and AOR = 2.66, 95% CI = .97–7.29, respectively). Participants in the age group of 30-39 years were more aware of MRI safety than were those in the age group of 50- to 59 years (AOR = 4.60, 95% CI = .67–31.76). Nurses were significantly more aware of MRI safety than were other health workers (OR = 4.60, 95% CI = .67–31.76). The education level of health workers had no significant impact on perception of MRI safety (OR< 1). The knowledge score of MRI safety for nurses was significantly higher than the score of dentists, physicians, and laboratory specialists (p-value = .005). The attitude score showed no significant difference regarding the gender, age, profession, or education level of the participants (p-value >0 .05). The results highlighted the importance of training and higher studies for health workers regarding the perception and attitudes toward MRI safety. The overall knowledge of MRI safety and procedures is generally acceptable; however, more intensive health education programs are needed to improve the level of knowledge.