School Health Work Research Articles

Application of entropy weight TOPSIS comprehensive method in the evaluation of students' physical health level

Objective: To comprehensively evaluate the physical health level of students of different school-age segments in four regions of Anhui province using the entropy weight approximation ideal solution ranking method (TOPSIS), and to provide a scientific method and basis for conducting school health work evaluation. Methods: Using the physical fitness survey data of four regions in Anhui province, the entropy weight method was used to draw the weights of various indicators for different school-age segments of men and women. Then, the TOPSIS method was used to evaluate the school-age segments of men and women in the four regions. Finally, the physical health level of students in four regions was classified according to the results of entropy weight TOPSIS and the rank sum ratio method. Results: A total of 10 127 students were included in this study, with an average age of (11.85±3.82) years, including 5 050 males (49.8%) and 5 072 urban students (50.1%). The results of the entropy weight method showed that the weight of body mass index of boys was similar to that of girls in each school-age segment. According to the TOPSIS and rank sum ratio analysis, the physical health level of students in the four regions of Anhui province was different. The physical health score of Suzhou was 0.617 4 points, which was classified as the best grade. The scores of Hefei and Wuhu were 0.556 3 and 0.411 2, which were classified as middle. Jiju City scored 0.381 9 points, which was classified as poor. Conclusion: TOPSIS combined with rank sum ratio can reflect the level of students' physical health, which can be applied to the evaluation of students' physical health and provide a basis for monitoring students' physical health.

The research status and development trend of children health education

In pediatric clinical practice, it is found that common and frequently-occurring diseases in children have the characteristics of acute onset, rapid change, aggregation and being preventable and controllable. School health education is particularly important for the prevention and control of common and frequently-occurring diseases in preschool and school-age children. School health education refers to the combination of kindergarten, school and other places of staff advocated by the various learning experience, the development of students from now on to learn to deal with various expected health challenges with necessary cognitive skills and behavioral skills. The former State Education Commission and the Ministry of Health jointly promulgated the "Regulations on School Health Work" in 1980, making our country's school health work followed by regulations. In 1992, the "Basic Requirements for Health Education for Primary and Secondary School Students" was jointly promulgated, which clearly stipulated the objectives and basic contents of health education in primary and secondary schools in China. In 2007, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council in the `Opinions on Strengthening Youth Sports to Enhance the Physical Fitness of Adolescents (Central Document No.7)' required that 'local education administrative departments should include the implementation of health education in schools as one of the important indicators of school supervision and assessment', and 'schools at all levels should actively carry out adolescent health education activities such as disease prevention, scientific nutrition, health and safety, drug control and tobacco control, and ensure the necessary health education time'. Although the health problems of primary and middle school students have received continuous attention and investment from the state and society, the health literacy of primary and middle school students in China has not been significantly improved in recent years, and the overall downward trend of students' health level has not been fundamentally curbed, partly due to China's lagging school health education system. Through literature mining, this paper refines the research focus of foreign health education and the challenges faced by foreign health education. By combing the research progress of health behavior and academic performance, adolescent media cognitive ability and health education workers' health cognitive ability, it reflects the future research direction of health education in China.

Sports Injury In China School Environment: A Policy Study

PURPOSE: The frequent incidents of sports injuries in Chinese schools have seriously jeopardized the physical and mental health of students. The economic and legal disputes are so frequent that many schools reduced or limited their students' physical activities (PA). Therefore, this study aimed to collect and research the Chinese school sports injury policy from 1949 to 2019, and provide reference for the formulation and improvement of relevant policies in the future. METHODS: We searched historical documents, searched government websites, Baidu, Google, other search engines, and CNKI, VIP, other scientific research databases, to collect and sort out the policy documents related to sports injuries in China. The searched data were collated and analyzed in chronological order and the department category of the issued documents. RESULTS: Together, there are 11 policy documents about the school sports injuries were issued in China, only one of them Interim Measures for Risk Prevention and Control of School Sports issued by the Chinese Ministry of Education in 2015 is a policy document specifically aimed at school sports injuries in China. Other more related documents are Interim Provisions on Health Work in Schools (Draft)(1976,1980), Regulations on Student Health Work(1990), Regulations on the Handling of Student Injury Accidents Law(2002), and Tort Liability Law(2009), etc., At the same time, some provincial people's congresses in China have also issued policies related to campus sports injuries, such as Jiangsu Province (2006), Shanghai (2011), Guizhou Province (2014), Jiangxi Province (2015) and Hunan Province (2018), etc., which have successively issued some policies, some items in these policies are related to school sports injuries. Because there is not a report system for sports injuries of students, and no information communication channels between schools and hospitals and clinics, there is a lack of statistical data related to sports injuries in schools in China. CONCLUSIONS: A great improvement is urgently needed for China’s school sports injury policy, and the lack of reporting system and statistical data on school sports injury made the policy developed untargeted and ineffective. Urgent actions are needed to address these barriers so that school sport-related injury can be better prevented.

Privatisation reforms and health work in schools: the end of the beginning

ABSTRACTThis discursive paper selectively reviews the empirical papers informing the major part of the special issue. In doing so it focuses particularly on issues which are apparent across many papers. One major point of contrast is the advanced state of marketisation in schools situated at the lower socioeconomic margins. This is relative to those schools in more socially advantaged areas where a more selective and rather insular and individual approach to privatisation engagement was noted. Bisecting this encroaching, namely cosy, continuum was further unease about the construction of curriculum arrangements and the precise position teachers’ level of expertise held within these provisions. While applauding the insightful advances in understanding the empirical papers in the special issue have yielded, the paper concludes by arguing for a more expansive and wider engagement with social and economic theory if health work in schools is to progress further and reach beyond its current end of the beginning stage of development.

Supporting the mental health of children and young people: a survey of Scottish educational psychology services

ABSTRACTThe mental health of children and young people is of increasing concern both to educational psychology and to the Government’s priorities throughout the UK. This paper reports the results of a survey of Scottish educational psychology services regarding views and information about meeting the mental health needs of school children. Services overwhelmingly felt they are routinely involved in a certain amount of mental health work in schools, had confidence in their knowledge and skills and indicated a high demand from schools for their expertise. However, their actual involvement indicated that currently educational psychology is peripheral to this field both in service provision and in influencing policy and strategy. Time constraints and staffing were most frequently cited as reasons for limited involvement in this area. Often the role of services was restricted to indirect work, general advice and onward referral to other agencies. The implications for educational psychology services are discussed.

Promoting Students\u2019 Mental Health: A Study of Inter-professional Team Collaboration Functioning in Norwegian Schools

Collaboration between different professions is thought to be important for mental health work in schools. However, high-quality collaboration is often difficult to achieve in practice, and there is little research available to inform strategies for strengthening collaboration. This study analyzes the effects of the research and development project School as an arena for child and adolescent mental health, aimed at developing practices for promoting students’ mental health in Norway. We collected questionnaire data from all professions participating in collaboration teams in the four participating municipalities (n = 40) and 27 comparison municipalities (n = 197). The main findings indicate that the project initiative positively affected innovation practices in collaboration. We discuss the results in light of the design of the project and field data collected over a 4-year period.

Health communication with parents and teachers and unhealthy behaviours in 15- to 16-year-old Swedes

ABSTRACTBackground: Unhealthy behaviours during adolescence constitute a major risk for numerous diseases in adulthood.Aim: To explore the associations between multiple unhealthy behaviours in adolescents and health behaviour information communicated by their parents and teachers, how much the adolescents cared about this information and whether adolescents went to schools with an annual health-themed week or not.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a self-reported questionnaire was delivered to pupils aged 15 and 16 (n = 492). The results were analysed using Poisson regression.Results: The number of unhealthy behaviours was lower in adolescents whose parents encouraged them to adopt healthy behaviours. Adolescents at schools with an annual health-themed week reported more unhealthy behaviours than other adolescents. In addition, attendance at such schools did not compensate for a lack of health behaviour information communicated by parents. Caring about health behaviour information communicated by parents was associated with fewer unhealthy behaviours. In contrast, the opposite was found when adolescents cared about health information communicated by teachers.Conclusion: It is important for parents to encourage their adolescent children to adopt healthy behaviours because this is particularly effective at lowering the number of unhealthy behaviours in adolescents. It also appears to be important for parents and teachers to develop credibility among adolescents regarding information communicated about health issues. The results also indicate the importance of involving parents in the school health work to influence them to encourage their adolescent children to adopt healthy behaviours.

Spatialising health work in schools – exploring the complex interconnection of space, health, physical education and masculinity

The spaces of schooling are not mere settings or backdrops where students’ learning take place, but are implicated in the production of knowledge and identities/subjectivities – spaces embody specific values, beliefs and traditions. In this paper, we draw on visual ethnographic data from an all-boys school in New Zealand to examine how the spaces of schooling and physical education (PE) perform health work in relation to the all-round development of healthy young masculinities. By drawing on a complexivist philosophy, we draw attention to how school policies, spaces, bodies, students, teachers all intersect to provide the boys with a socio-spatial context in which knowledge and learning about healthy young masculinities is constructed. We demonstrate how stereotypical notions of what boys should be doing and what they like doing is, for instance, materialised by the design and provision of schooling and PE as sporting spaces, based on a form of ‘healthism’, which privileges individualistic notions of health and the assumption that sport=fitness=health. We conclude that although the design and provision of schooling and PE spaces based on healthism is an important source of pleasures for young men, it also reinforces narrowly defined and even problematic forms of healthy young masculinities.

3648例中小学生急诊相关因素分析

目的：分析中小学生急诊相关因素，为学校卫生工作开展提供更多的讯息和科学依据。方法：对2013年本院7~16岁3648例中小学生急诊病进行统计分析。分析内容包括性别、年龄、急诊月分布、区域分布及疾病谱等，用统计学处理。结果：男生多于女生；年龄段以11、12、15、16岁为多；月分布以5、7、8、10月为多；科别以儿内科占首位(51%)。在各病种中以外伤为第一位(儿外科的74.6%)；发热为第二位(儿内科33.4%)。结论：为降低中小学生急诊发病率，保证学生健康成长，必须做到以“向学生健康宣教”为主的六点。 Objective: To provide more scientific basis and information for school health work through the analysis of emergency correlation factors of primary and middle school students. Methods: 3648 Emergency schoolchildren cases of 7 - 16-year-old in 2013 in this hospital were investigated. It in-cluded gender, age, monthly distribution, regional distribution and disease spectrum. It is con-ducted by the statistical analysis. Results: There are more boys than girls; most of the schoolchild-ren are 11, 12, 15 and 16 years old; most of the monthly distributions are May, July, August and Oc-tober and internal pediatrics patients account for 51% in all cases. The percentage of trauma is 74.6% in pediatric surgery. Fever is 33.4% in internal pediatrics. Conclusion: In order to reduce the emergency incidence of primary and middle school students and ensure the healthy growth of stu-dents, six points whose focus is “propagandizing and educating health to students” should be done.

Mental Health Promotion in School: Schoolchildren's and Families' Viewpoint.

While developing mental health work in schools, it is very important to consider the viewpoint of pupils. Parents can also give remarkable information on their children's viewpoint. The purpose of this study was to produce a description of the concepts used by schoolchildren aged 12–16 years and their families associated with promoting mental health in schools. The research material comprised interviews with schoolchildren and mothers, and verbal answers from the school well-being profile survey (n = 426). The analysis was conducted by applying the grounded theory method as introduced by Strauss. The study was conducted in a Finnish comprehensive school.

Mental health promotion in the upper level of comprehensive school from the viewpoint of school personnel and mental health workers

Prevalence of mental health problems among adolescents varies from 10 to 30%. Therefore, mental health promotion in school has risen as a very important developing area in public health services. The need is international. Despite the large number of projects and recommendations on the promotion of schoolchildren's mental health, the literature does not offer a comprehensive theoretical description of what mental health work with people of this particular age really is as a whole. The theory can be constructed by combining and comparing the viewpoints of the different parties--the employees, the schoolchildren and their families--as well as previous knowledge of the subject. The purpose of this research was to produce a description of the concepts used by employees when addressing the subject of promoting mental health in the upper level of comprehensive schools (grades 7-9). The description has been produced by analysing interviews with nine people who work with schoolchildren, as well as workgroup memos related to the development work. The respondents work in the fields of primary healthcare, specialised healthcare, the education authority and social services. The analysis was conducted by applying the grounded theory method. The research target was a Finnish upper-level comprehensive school with 446 pupils. Four key concepts were found: The concept of a school environment comprises the physical and social conditions in the school, the curricula and other instructions. Human resources comprise representatives of various organisations, their competencies and time-consumption opportunities. The schoolchildren and their families and also their friends are key operators and partners. The concept of work to promote mental health is related to enhancing the school's conditions, recognising problems and offering help, co-operation and joint agreement. The produced description clarifies the overall picture of mental health work in schools and facilitates the finding of key development areas.

Hälsosamtalet — en utmaning för skolsköterskan

The School health work is built on practical experience but there is a shortage about the evidence base for the health promoting work. The School nurse's Health dialogue with the pupils should be individually designed in order to help the pupils to realize connection between how they feel and how they live. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the school nurse work with a particular focus on how the Health dialogue should be successful in order to support the pupils. This study is built on thirteen scientific papers. The review showed that the school nurse was important to all pupils, particularly to pupils from the lower social classes. The health promoting work was dominating by health dialogues. The health dialogue should support and empower the pupils' autonomy. The school nurse should aim to create a communicative room. This literature review showed that the school nurse can use the health dialogue as the first choice for an individual and as the second choice, as a dialogue in groups for discussions about life style. The findings unveiled that the school health in Sweden only use fraction of all available information from the health dialogue. It is important to develop a plan for how to make this information more accessible to the school nurses.

Insiders on the outside: primary mental health work in schools

Pilot mental health link workers have been working in schools in West Lothian since 2002. This article reports initial findings from semi‐structured interviews with pupil support staff in 11 secondary schools receiving this service. School staff reported an improvement in referral systems for children at the early stages of mental illness, including quicker access to specialist services, and an improvement in their own knowledge and skills. These benefits were associated more strongly with frequency of contact with the mental health link workers than with the physical location of the worker within the school. Link workers with a social work background were more likely than those with a nursing background to be asked to deal with children presenting with behaviour problems.

Successful strategies and lessons learned from development of large-scale partnerships of national non-gowernmental organisations

National governments worldwide work to improve education and health outcomes for children and youth and influence their behaviours. Also heavily engaged are national non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in the voluntary and non-profit sector. While individual agencies and non-profit organisations are often concerned with specific issues of interest related to their charge, constituency or membership, they often develop allegiances with like-minded groups to accomplish broader goals. Two such collaborations in the United States are the focus of this discussion, the National Co-ordinating Committee on School Health and Safety (NCCSHS) and the Friends of School Health (hereafter, "the Friends"). This article reviews these two significant partnerships of public health and education NGOs and outlines successful strategies and lessons learned from the development of these large-scale partnerships. NCCSHS is a collaboration of 64 NGOs and six U.S. government departments representing both the fields of public health and education. Nearly all major NGOs working in fields related to school health are represented, and the six primary governmental agencies all have at least some responsibility for students' health and safety. The group is the primary intersection of NGOs and the Federal government related to school health at the national level. The Friends of School Health ("the Friends") is the primary school health advocacy coalition at the national level in the United States. Sixty-one education and public health NGOs participate. The coalition serves as a communication mechanism and venue for collaborative action on issues before the U.S. Congress and state legislatures that relate to school health. Since the coalition advocates to legislators and other decision makers, no government agencies participate. The paper describes the strategies relating to the initial development of the collaboratives and their ongoing operation. A common theme in development of both of these examples of large-scale partnerships is trust. Like any partnership, the ability to work and grow is dependent on the level of trust among the partners. Both the National Coordinating Committee on School Health and Safety and the Friends of School Health work together successfully within and across their collaborations, to improve health and educational outcomes for children and youth. While both experience challenges, and neither would indicate that its work is near completion, they provide important insight into how these collaboratives can initially develop and subsequently operate productively while providing important contributions to the promotion of healthy schools, and ultimately, healthy nations.

Building a Sustainable Approach to Mental Health Work in Schools

Sustainability is a major challenge to mental health work in schools, and many initiatives started by well-meaning individuals and agencies fade quickly. This paper outlines some key actions that can be taken to ensure that mental health work is sustained, as well as introduced, in schools. These actions include demonstrating that mental health work meets educational goals such as learning and the management of behaviour, using a positive model of mental well-being to which it is easy for those who work in schools to relate, using mental health experts as part of a team, forging alliances with other agencies and working with a whole-school approach. Such approaches are more likely to meet the needs of people with more severe mental problems and provide a more stable platform for specialist interventions than targeted programmes. The paper goes on to suggest some practical steps to sustain work at the school level. These steps include assessing the current position, developing the vision, identifying the g...

Comments on a conference report on educational preparation of the nurse for school health work.

Comments on a conference report on educational preparation of the nurse for school health work.

THE PRESIDENT'S PAGE

I AM SURE that the majority of our members are not aware of the influence of the Academy in public health and child welfare. For this reason I will recount some of the incidents that have occurred in the past few months which illustrate this. In May, Dr. Edward Davens, representing our Committee on School Health, went to a meeting in Washington arranged by the National Educational Association to examine the real meaning of citizenship in our country. Excerpts from his report will be published in the News Letter. Last January, Dr. Reginald Higgons attended a conference on school health in Cleveland, which he reported in full to the Executive Board and which will appear in the agenda of committees published in Pediatrics. I would commend this to anyone interested in school health work. In April, Dr. Stewart Clifford used the report of this same School Health Committee, of which Dr. Thomas Shaffer is Chairman, to modify the school health laws in Massachusetts to conform to its recommendations. If members in states are attempting to introduce modern practices in school health, they are referred to the central office. Dr. Christopherson will be glad to send them a copy of Dr. Shaffer's report. In February, Dr. Danis' Committee on Hospitals and Dispensaries sent representatives to a meeting in New York, called to discuss the care of contagious diseases in a general hospital. This group represented many organizations, including the American Public Health Association, the American Medical Association, the American Hospital Association, the American Nursing Association, and others. It was financed by the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis.

INTERNATIONAL NEWS AND REPORTS

The Chief Medical Officer of the Ministry of Education, in his latest report,1 deals with the 2 years 1946 and 1947. It is appropriate that this should be so, for the 2 year period is one of special significance during which the full implications of the Education Act of 1944 for School Health work were being realised, while the National Health Service was not yet in operation to take its share of the burden. This latter point had considerable influence, for some local authorities were understandably shy of incurring expense in developing school health activities which might prove unnecessary when the National Health Service came into being.

Early days in school health work

Early days in school health work

Newer Medical Methods of Appraisal of Nutritional Status

THE files of our hospitals must contain millions of records of physical examinations beginning with the classic line, The patient is well nourished . On countless school health examination cards one finds confident ratings of nutrition as Good, or Fair, or even the puzzling designation of Very good indicating some sort of supernormal state. In equally wide use are designations based upon height and weight indices leading to such classifications as Undernourished-more than 13 per cent under average. Less frequently, more complicated indices are used based upon formulae involving a number of physical measurements. The two methods referred to-the appraisal of nutrition based upon the dinical examination, and the appraisal based upon physical measurementshave found the widest use in school health work. Other methods of survey, of course, have been and are in use, such as dietary studies of families and individuals, and the observation of im-