Health Training Courses Research Articles

Assessment of Health Workers Knowledge toward Occupational Health and Safety Program in Alkut City’s Primary Health Care Centers

Health care workers are always exposed to physical, chemical, psychological and biological agents thataffect their health. Regular information is serious for setting priorities necessary to enhance providers, healthand safety, which healthcare facilities like other high danger workplaces are categorized by a high level ofexposure to hazards agents, which significant danger toward health of workers.A descriptive cross sectional study is carried out throughout (1/September/2019 to 1/September/2020) inorder to assess the Health Workers Toward “Occupational Health and safety program” and to find out therelationships between knowledge’s of health workers toward occupational safety and health program andtheir socio-demographic.The study findings indicate that there is a significance relation among health worker’s knowledge aboutoccupational health and safety program with their level of educational and their age. As well as findingsshow that there is a highly significance relation between knowledge about occupation health and safetyprogram with the training of course that health workers participatedin.The study concludes that health workers Age, level education, training course, monthly income, and Numberof years of Employment Have a great effect on occupational health and safety program.The study recommends Encourage health care workers to attend continuing education activities in the formof workshops, conferences, training programs, refreshing courses and review update related to “occupationalhealth and safety program” and ministry of Iraqi health could improve the infections protective processes as“head cap, closed shoes, gloves, and frequent medical examination for communicable diseases” as hepatitis.

Basic knowledge about visceral leishmaniasis before and after educational intervention among primary health care professionals in Midwestern Brazil.

ABSTRACTHealth education and training of primary health care (PHC) professionals are highly recommended to reduce the occurrence and lethality of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). This study assessed the impact of an educational intervention on the basic knowledge about visceral leishmaniasis (VL) among PHC professionals from the Brazilian municipality of Rondonopolis, an important endemic area for VL. Responses provided by physicians, nurses, nursing technicians and community health agents from 12 PHC facilities were recorded through the application of self-completed and semi-structured questionnaires before (n=92) and after (n=64) an in-person health training course covering various aspects of VL. Closed- and open-ended responses were compared by the chi-square test and analyses of word clouds, respectively. The proportion of professionals aware of the correct etiological agent (p<0.001) and transmission route (p<0.001) of VL increased post-intervention. In addition, they increased their ability to recognize fever (p<0.001), weakness (p<0.001), weight loss (p<0.001), pallor (p<0.001) and abdominal distention (p=0.013) as clinical manifestations of human VL, and weakness (p<0.001), alopecia (p<0.001) and weight loss (p=0.019) as signs of canine VL. Analyses of word clouds suggested that the participants became more aware of the role of dogs in VL transmission and the role of environmental management in the prevention of VL. In conclusion, the intervention positively impacted the baseline knowledge concerning VL among the professionals. This can support the planning of educational activities for the PHC team regarding early case detection, prevention and control of VL in endemic areas.

MOTHERS' KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICEREGARDING ELECTRONIC MEDIA USED BY THEIR CHILDREN

Background:Electronic media invade the world of young children in an unrestrictedway. Positive and negative long-term consequences have been revealed on development,physical, and psychosocial milestone. However, no clear figure is available for developingcountries on electronic media used by children under five years. Consequently, it isimportant to increase mothers' awareness of the proper usage of electronic media withtheir children. Study aimed to assess mothers' knowledge and practice regarding electronicmedia used by their children. A descriptive cross-sectional design was utilized in this study.This study was conducted at 22 primary health care facilities affiliated to directorate ofHealth and Population in Mansoura city including health offices, family health centers, andprimary health care units. A convenient sample of 421 of children under five years withexcluding children with special needs. Five tools were developed by the researcher forcollecting of data to assess; socio-demographic and economic characteristics of mothersand their children, knowledge, practice and attitude of mothers regarding electronic media.Results: study results revealed that 34.4% of the studied mothers had secondary education,54.2 % of them lived in rural areas and 60.6% of them were housewives. 58.4% of thestudied children's age ranged from two to less than five years with mean 28.831(13.88)months. Almost all of the studied children used Television. 85.3 % of them spent more thantwo using various electronic media devices daily with a mean 4.520(2.494) hours and44.7% of them had decreased sleep duration. 88.8% of the studied mothers spent more thantwo using various electronic media devices daily with a mean 4.532(1.965). 82.9% of themhad poor level of knowledge regarding electronic media. All of them had improper practiceregarding electronic media. Conclusion: It is necessary to improve mothers' knowledge andpractice regarding electronic media for enhancing healthy life for their children. Finally, itis recommended that continuous health education program and training courses regardingelectronic media.

ASSESSMENT OF SAFE INJECTION PRACTICES AND NEEDLESTICK INJURY AMONG NURSING STUDENTS AT MANSOURA UNIVERSITY

Injections are the most common health care procedure worldwide.Risk of unsafeinjection exposed health care providers to needle-stick injury that constitute a majorhazard for the transmission of bloodborne diseases.The establishment of Safe InjectionGlobal Network (SIGN) was a milestone towards safe injection practice globally. Safeinjection is a vital component of infection prevention process without which many patientsare at risk of being exposed to several non-curable and curable infectious diseases.Thisstudy aimed to assess nursingstudents' knowledge, practices, and attitude regarding safeinjection practices and needlestick injury.A cross sectional study design was utilized toaccomplish this study.Convenience sampling technique of community health nursingstudents were included in the sample.The study results revealed that the prevalence rate ofneedlestick injury (NSI)was 52.1% of among the studentsthrough last three levels of theiracademic study. The majority of the studied students had lack of knowledge andimproperpractice regarding safe injection practices and needlestick injury.Conclusion:needle stick injuries was prevalent among more than half of studied nursing students.Majority of the nursing students had a poor score level of knowledge and improper practiceregarding safe injection practices and needlestick injury.Finally, it is recommendedcontinuous health education program and training courses regarding safe injectionpractices prior to starting clinical practice.

Strengthening public health education of undergraduate medical students through early primary healthcare services’ association

Background: The World Health Organization consultation paper on the teaching of community medicine 2010 highlighted the need to change the focus from didactic lectures to more interactive teaching learning methods. The objective of this study was detection of difference between didactic and early training at primary healthcare centers at different levels of knowledge, acquired skills, and attitudes of undergraduate medical students.Methods: This interventional study included students of academic year 2017-18 had summer training course in public health department as a part of the Faculty aim of early clinical exposure of preclinical students (i.e., first three grades) (n=25). The public health training course focuses mainly on raising students' skills of basic primary health care services. Comparable group of 75 students from the regular system were randomly selected. This intervention aimed to design new educational process and determine its outcomes evaluating Learner’s knowledge, their attitudes, and gained skilled.Results: The interventional group had positive attitudes ranging from 59-93% for different topics given. The conventional methods group had statistically insignificant higher scores in the summative assessment 20.5±2.2 versus 19.6±3.1 of the interventional group (p value 0.11). The acquired skills of the interventional group ranged from 9.3±2.1 to14.9±1.5.Conclusions: Early field contact gained higher positive attitude among medical students and it showed high skill acquisition. It is recommended to be used more frequently in public health practical teaching for undergraduate students.

Description of community health nursing education process during training and field training courses: A qualitative study

Introduction: The performance of community health nurses depends on a comprehensive collection of scientific and practical competencies that can be acquired through training courses in the nursing curriculum. Aim: The present study is an attempt to describe the process of community health nursing education during the training and field training courses. Material and methods: This study was conducted using a grounded theory approach. In total, 14 undergraduate nursing students, 13 employees in health centers and 10 faculty member instructors participated in this study. The population was sampled through purposeful and theoretical sampling. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews through January to December 2019. Data analysis was conducted using Strauss and Corbin (1998) approach and by the Maxqda software. Results and discussion: The theory of ‘dichotomy of motivation’ which includes four main concepts namely: professional identity, educational atmosphere, accountability and efficiency, was extracted from the data. Professional identity and educational atmosphere provided the ground for dichotomy of motivation in participants. These concepts were followed by a spectrum of accountabilities which led to a different spectrum of efficiency in the training courses. Conclusions: The theory of dichotomy of motivation, described the nursing training process in the training courses and the role of training in the field of community health. Professional identity, educational environment and accountability, are important concepts that affect this process. This study revealed the problems and obstacles in the health training courses for managers, instructors and employees so that the necessary measures may be taken to improve the efficiency of training courses.

Health and nursing system in France.

This paper concerns the French Health Care System that revolutionized the rationale of the existing social protection. It emphasizes that, in this country, it is essential to train professionals integrated into a "know-how", and also prepared for the current and future changes in the nursing profession. A literature review was carried out based on the classification and analysis of the texts and documents researched, and we tried to understand the French Health and Nursing System. This allowed the construction of two thematic categories. The first one is the "Health Service" that addresses health training courses for prevention, while the second one deals with Nursing Education, which is a competency-based framework. The demography of nurses in France is also discussed, which highlights the increased number of nurses from 2010 to 2018.

MOTHERS' KNOWLEDGE AND SUBJECTIVE PRACTICE TOWARD MOST COMMON DOMESTIC INJURIES AMONG UNDER-FIVE CHILDREN

Background: Domestic injuries are one of the greatest public health challenges in the 21st century especially in low and middle income countries (LMICs) with considerable association between social and economic costs. These injuries are common among children under-five in rural Egypt. Poisoning, burns, falls, wounds are common causes of children injuries at their homes. There are so many factors that had a direct or indirect effect on children injuries including child age, gender and behavior, maternal education, family socio-economic status and number and home environment. Therefore, it`s important to increase mothers` knowledge and practice continuously to be cared of their children. This study aimed to assess mothers' knowledge and subjective practice toward most common domestic injuries among under-five children. A cross sectional study design was utilized to accomplish this study at Mansoura locality from both urban and rural areas (Mansoura city and El-Baramoun village) through home visits. Convenience sampling technique was used in this study and 100 mothers of under-five children from both genders were included in the sample, while excluding children with special needs. The study was conducted throughout preparation phase, operational phase including literature review and developing the study tools and implementation phase including initial data collection. Results. Study results revealed that more than of the studied mothers had secondary education. Less than half of the studied children' age ranged from 2 to less than 3 years during occurrence of domestic injury, moreover about one fourth of them their injuries were caused by falls, in addition to about three fourths occurred due to unsafe home environment. Consequently less than two thirds of studied children exposed to low risk which can be treated at home. All of the studied mothers had improper practice regarding to burns, falls, poisoning. Conclusion. The home environment is a common place for injuries among under-five children in rural and urban areas in Mansoura locality. Additionally, mothers' subjective practices regarding to most common domestic injuries are improper and as well knowledge of them on such injuries are poor. Finally, it is recommended that continuous health education program and training courses regarding domestic safety for children and first aid measures for the mothers who have under-five children.

Cigarette and E-Cigarette Use and Smoking Cessation Practices among Physicians in Poland.

Physicians play a key role in combating tobacco use. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and behaviors toward smoking cessation and vaping cessation interventions among physicians in Poland; to identify factors shaping physicians’ behaviors toward smoking and vaping cessation interventions; and to assess differences in the tobacco cessation interventions recommended for cigarette smokers and users of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). A questionnaire-based survey was conducted in 2018 among physicians attending mandatory public health training courses delivered at the School of Public Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland. The questionnaire included 25 questions related to tobacco product use and smoking cessation interventions. Data were obtained from 423 physicians (64.3% female; mean age 32.0 ± 5.8 years) with response rate of 84.6%. Current cigarette smoking was declared by 7.8% of participants; 1.9% of participants were e-cigarette users and 1.9% used heated tobacco. Smoking cessation interventions were offered more often to patients who smoked cigarettes than those who used e-cigarettes (p < 0.001). Physicians’ behaviors toward smoking cessation and vaping cessation interventions were associated with (p < 0.05) physicians’ smoking status and self-declared knowledge about smoking cessation methods. Among physicians in Poland, discussion of smoking cessation was not common behavior and limited mainly to identification of smoking status.

Level of Knowledge About Alzheimer's Disease Among Nursing Staff in Suzhou and its Influencing Factors.

With the rapid aging process, an increasing number of individuals will be living with dementia worldwide. A good mastery of knowledge about Alzheimer's Disease (AD) by medical staff has been reported to improve the outcome of patients with AD, making it necessary to assess the level of AD knowledge among nursing staff and address their knowledge deficits in order to upgrade the quality of care and improve quality of life for AD patients. To assess the level of AD knowledge among nursing staff in Suzhou, using the Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Scale (ADKS), and analyze its influencing factors. Nursing staff working in healthcare institutes such as hospitals, community centers, nursing homes, etc. in all the six districts of Suzhou City were selected by convenience sampling. A selfdesigned questionnaire was used to collect general information of the participants, including gender, age, education, professional title, workplace, AD-related training, contact with AD patients, experience in caring for AD patients, etc., and the ADKS scale was used to assess their level of AD knowledge. A total of 1102 in-service nursing staff in Suzhou were included in the study. Univariate analysis showed that age, education, professional titles, bias towards AD patients, AD-related training, contact with AD patients, experience in caring for AD patients were the influencing factors of the total ADKS score; multivariate analysis indicated that age, bias towards AD patients, and contact with AD patients are independent influencing factors of the level of AD knowledge among nursing staff in Suzhou. Mastery of AD knowledge among the nursing staff in Suzhou is not satisfactory. It is urgent to change the nursing staff's negative attitude towards AD and put into effect AD-related health education and training courses so that nursing staff can upgrade their level of AD knowledge and provide better care in order to improve the quality of life for AD patients.

Evaluation of an intervention to train health professionals working with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people to provide smoking cessation advice

ObjectiveTo investigate the effectiveness and cultural relevance of Quitskills training tailored for health professionals working with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who smoke. MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted with data collected from 860 participants (54% Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander participants) in tailored Quitskills training from 2012 to 2016. Course participants took part in a survey at pre‐training, post‐training and four‐six weeks post‐training to assess confidence in skills to address tobacco, and perceptions of the strengths, areas for improvement and cultural relevance of the training. ResultsConfidence in skills and knowledge to address tobacco increased significantly from pre‐ to post‐training (all indicators of confidence in skills increased p<0.001) and remained high at follow‐up. Tailored Quitskills training was perceived as being culturally relevant by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander participants, and the training facilitators were the most commonly cited strength of the training. ConclusionsQuitskills is an appropriate course for increasing skills and confidence among health professionals working with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who smoke. Implications for public healthTraining courses that are tailored for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people can build the capacity of the health workforce in a culturally relevant manner.

Applied Epidemiology Training Needs for the Modern Epidemiologist.

Applied epidemiology training occurs throughout an epidemiologist's career, beginning with academic instruction before workforce entry, continuing as professional development while working, and culminating with mentoring the next generation. Epidemiologists need ongoing training on advancements in the field and relevant topics (e.g., informatics, laboratory science, emerging topics) to maintain and improve their skills. Even epidemiologists with advanced skills often want training on methodologic innovations or to practice a skill. Effective applied epidemiology training includes blended learning components of instruction that incorporate hands-on experiences such as simulations and experiential learning, allowing for real-time workflows and incorporation of feedback. To prepare epidemiologists for the future, public health training courses in applied epidemiology must consider the evolution in public health toward a focus on including informatics, technologic innovation, molecular epidemiology, multidisciplinary teams, delivery of population health services, and global health security. Supporting efforts by epidemiologists to increase their skills as part of their career paths ensures a strong workforce that able to tackle public health issues. We explore how to meet current training challenges for the epidemiology workforce, especially given limited resources, based on research and our experience in workforce development across federal agencies and state/local health departments, as well as with international governments and organizations.

Virtual reality technology for experiential learning in global health training curricula: a prototype for testing

Abstract Background Since the late 1990s there has been a rapid proliferation of global health academic programmes at universities around the world; however, evaluation of such programmes suggests that their quality often falls below expectations. Although graduates might have acquired adequate theoretical knowledge, they often lack the practical skills and hands-on experiences that are necessary for effective performance in real-world settings. To address the issue of limited integration of the experiential learning method into global health training curricula, we are developing a global health training course based on virtual reality (VR) technology. Methods The VR application is being developed with the VR game engine software Unity. Some features of the VR application include: VR visualisation, VR simulation, interactive content, 3D holograms, 360° immersive video, and 3D data visualisation. In addition to acquiring theoretical knowledge through technical content, users will also be immersed in a highly realistic global health field environment and will be able to perform specific tasks. Findings We have produced a prototype training module that simulates outbreak of Ebola virus disease in a low-income country setting. We will test the prototype to assess various technological and pedagogical aspects of the use of VR technology for global health training. The prototype will be tested by global health students and professors at global health academic departments in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries. We will use data from testing to identify challenges and opportunities for scaling-up the application of VR, 360°, and 3D technologies in global health education. Interpretation Integration of VR technology into global health training can improve the quality and outcomes of global health education programmes by allowing students an experiential learning component. Such methods of learning through doing are widely used in the education sector. For example, in clinical medical education, students spend only the first 2 years in classrooms, then move to teaching hospitals to acquire practical skills and experiences through practical tasks. Traditionally, incorporation of the experiential learning method into global health training has been a challenge, since it is not always feasible to deploy global health students to the sites of global health practise. VR technology allows educators to bring the global health field into the classroom in a risk-free and cost-efficient way. Funding Georgian Innovation and Technology Agency.

WHO guidance on mental health training: a systematic review of the progress for non-specialist health workers

ObjectiveTo assess existing literature on the effectiveness of mental health training courses for non-specialist health workers, based on the WHO guidelines (2008).DesignA systematic review was carried out, complying with the...

Perceptions of mental health and mental health services among college students in Vietnam and the United States

The global burden of mental health disorders is a significant public health issue. One population that has a risk for mental health issues is college students. Little is known about perceptions of mental illness and mental health services among college students in Vietnam. The purpose of this study is to describe perceptions of mental illness and mental health services among college students in Vietnam, and to compare them with those in the United States (US). The cross-sectional data were collected using a self-administered survey from January to March in 2018 at a national university in Vietnam, and a state university in the US. The study revealed differences in perceptions of causes of mental health between Vietnamese and US participants. Vietnamese participants tended to believe that individuals with mental illness were dangerous and need to be kept out from the community, while US participants perceived that mental illnesses are the same as other illnesses. An important indicator of Vietnamese perceptions of mental health was the low likelihood of seeking formal help because of preference for seeking help from family or friends for mental illness. Interventions, such as mental health awareness campaigns or training courses should be provided for college students in Vietnam. Some strategies to improve mental health among college students used in the US may help to reduce stigma toward mental illness in Vietnam.

Education and training in Romania on occupational safety and health in the offshore industry

This paper is the result of a study on the current situation in Romania regarding education and training on the occupational safety and health in the offshore industry. This study was conducted within a European project, which, among other things, has as intellectual outputs, identifying the main requirements related to learning needs and competencies and identifying the similar safety and health training courses for offshore industry at European level. Romania has transposed the European Union legislation in the area of minimum requirements for the safety and health of workers in the offshore industry and has an adequate institutional framework aligned to the Community requirements in the field. In Romania, there are no special occupations and explicit requirements for occupational safety and health specialists in the offshore industry. But, there are some training centers, which offer theoretical and practical courses regarding safety and health for those graduates or professionals who wish to pursue a professional career in the offshore industry. Also, some universities provide diplomas, courses or training related to the offshore industry.

Mental health training for primary health care workers and implication for success of integration of mental health into primary care: evaluation of effect on knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP)

BackgroundMental disorders are always remained a neglected public health problems in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), most people with mental disorders never receive effective care and there is a large treatment gap. In order to solve the problem integration of mental health into primary health care is recommended and in Ethiopia implementation of the scale of mental health services at primary health care level was started in 2014. For the success of the integration of mental health into primary health care, primary care health professionals are the key personnel who are responsible for the management of mental, neurologic and substance use disorders. However, proper training and education of primary care health professionals is mandatory for an optimal performance and success of integration. This interventional study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of mental health training course for scale up of mental health services at primary health care level in Ethiopia.MethodsThis quasi-experimental pre- and post-study design was conducted in Ethiopia from October to December 2016 using quantitative data collection methods. A total of 94 primary health care professionals were included in the study. The intervention was conducted by psychiatry professionals using standardized World Health Organization (WHO) Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP) guide prepared for scaling up of mental health care through integration into primary health care (PHC) and general medical services. Pre- and post intervention assessment was done for knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP); and statistically analyzed. A paired sample t test with p values was performed to test the differences between the pre- and post-test. In additions mean and standard deviation of the responses were calculated. Overall the response rate was 100% at the end of the intervention.ResultsThe study resulted in a significant improvement in knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of PHC workers about all the four mental, neurologic and substance use disorders during the post intervention survey (p < 0.05). Post intervention the knowledge of health professionals increased by 53.19% for psychosis, 42.56% for depression, 19.25% for epilepsy and 54.22% for alcohol use disorders. Similarly, post intervention attitude increased by 55.32% for psychosis, 40.42% for depression, 36.17% for epilepsy and 43.6% for alcohol use disorders. In addition, post intervention case identification rate increased by 62.78% for psychosis, 55.46% for depression, 21.35% for epilepsy and 41.49% for alcohol use disorders with significant p value (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe study results suggest that mental health training could be an effective intervention for improving knowledge, attitudes, and practices among primary health care professionals regarding mental, neurologic and substance use disorders. Training is a prerequisite and vital to enhance the knowledge, attitude, and practice of primary care professionals which plays a significant role for the easy success of integrated care and treatment of mental, neurologic and substance use disorders into the existing general health care services.

Active Teaching Methods as Effective Means for Healthy Lifestyle Formation at Health and Safety Training Course

Проведен анализ литературных источников по вопросу практического применения педагогически обоснованных путей и способов побуждения к ведению здорового образа жизни обучающихся. Значительная роль в формировании знаний, умений и навыков здорового образа жизни принадлежит школе. Статья посвящена особенностям формирования знаний о здоровом образе жизни у обучающихся среднего звена в курсе предмета «Основы безопасности жизнедеятельности», содержание которого выходит за рамки урока, включая также внеурочную и внеклассную деятельность. Особое внимание уделяется диагностическому инструментарию оценки уровня сформированности исследуемого качества и разработанной методики, основанной на активных методах обучения: урочная деятельность (технология развития критического мышления: работа в группах по технологии «мировое кафе», интерактивный метод обучения: метод «мозгового штурма» и др.); внеурочная деятельность (выполнение творческих заданий, составление синквейна и др.); внеклассная деятельность (участие в мероприятиях физкультурно-спортивной направленности - соревнования, игры, конкурсы, эстафеты, направленных на формирование здорового образа жизни, разработка сценария, съемка видео, представление на классных часах и др.). Разработан критериальный аппарат, основанный на следующих взаимосвязанных компонентах: когнитивный (характеризует знания человека о своем здоровье); мотивационный (определяет особенности мотивации к познанию в области здорового образа жизни); деятельностный (предполагает наличие деятельности по осуществлению здорового образа жизни). К взятым за основу компонентам были сформулированы показатели и уровни сформированности (высокий, средний, низкий). В диагностику по каждому компоненту представлены адаптированные по специфике исследования методики. Представлены результаты исследования, оценивающие эффективность применения методики, формирующей знания о здоровом образе жизни у обучающихся среднего звена, основанной на активных методах обучения.

Особенности проведения практикума по безопасности жизнедеятельности в высшей школе в рамках педагогической практики магистранта

Objective: studying some specifics of providing training in preparing a person for choosing the right solution in the face of most probable emergencies against the background of growing manmade activities of modern society, more frequent destructive natural calamities, political, interracial and military conflicts for the purpose of ensuring human health and safety. In the higher school, such training is conducted in studying a compulsory general professional subject called “Health and safety training course” that takes its rightful place in a set of subjects where life and health are of the first priority on the human values scale and is compulsory for all educational institutions irrespective of their specialization profile. Methods: The subjects of the theoretical part of the course may be of a general nature and be prepared by a lecturer based on a tentative syllabus of the course. At the same time, practical training and laboratory practicals in the course may be conducted as part of the teaching practice of 280401 “Technosphere safety” graduate students that have as a rule had higher education as a bachelor’s degree in the major during their senior years. Results: An extensive list of university majors requires a reasonable approach to choosing subjects for practical training and laboratory practicals in the “Health and safety training course”. It has a special significance in deciding on students’ research papers. Practical importance: A wide variety of subjects in the above training is a singularly burning issue in conducting hands-on training sessions for engineering students and also humanities or economics students in the higher education system (a bachelor’s degree, specialist degree).

Predicting the Mental Health Literacy of Clergy: An Informational Resource for Counselors

Though clergy often serve as informal helpers and conduits to the formal mental health care system, few researchers have examined whether such clergy maintain the knowledge necessary to complete this mission. In this study, denominational affiliation, educational variables, and demographic characteristics were examined as potential predictors of mental health literacy (MHL). As a measure of MHL, the Mental Health Literacy Scale was completed by a nationwide sample of 238 Christian clergy. The results provided the first parametric measure of denominationally diverse clergy from across the United States. Results indicated that female gender and higher numbers of clinical mental health training courses significantly predicted higher MHL scores. No significant differences in MHL scores emerged among four main denominational groups: Catholic, evangelical Protestant, historically Black Protestant, and mainline Protestant. Findings may inform mental health counselors on how to increase interprofessional dialog and referral partnerships with local clergy.