Health Surveillance Model Research Articles

The Saudi Arabian national demographic and health survey, 2017: Study design and oral health-related influences

ObjectiveTo describe the study design, and the distal and proximal influences on oral health reported in the national demographic and health survey (DHS) of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) in 2017. MethodsThe 2017 KSA DHS used an innovative multistage stratified random-sampling technique to select the population sample by using primary health care centers’ (PHCs) catchment areas as the primary sampling unit. Over 45,000 household heads plus a family member were interviewed. A conceptual framework for distal and proximal oral health influences specific to the KSA was adapted based on the oral health surveillance model. Cross-tabulation and Chi-square tests were performed with consideration for sample weights to provide estimates representative for the KSA population. Frequencies and weighted percentages for each variable reflecting each construct were reported. ResultsThe total number of individuals included in the analysis was n = 55,511, ages ranging between 2 and > 65 years. Lack of dental care when needed was reported for 22.5 % of the population (males = 20.8 %/females = 24.7 %). Proportion of population from Central, West, East, South, and North regions who reported available dental care services when needed was 62.3 %, 58.0 %, 58.9 %, 62.3 %, and 60.1 %, respectively. PHCs were the most regular source for dental care (55.1 %). In total, 48.3 % visited the dentist at least once last year (males = 49.4 % /females = 46.8 %). Dental pain was the most common reason for last dental visit (69.0 %), while only 6.4 % reported visited the dentist for routine visit. Only 15.3 % reported brushing their teeth at least twice per day (males = 14.6 % /females = 16.4 %). ConclusionTwo major oral health influences previously reported to have a significant negative influence on oral health, namely, limited routine dental check-up visits and inadequate oral hygiene, were present among KSA residents. Further inferential study is needed to investigate such influence on oral health status within the KSA population.

EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE PARA SENSIBILIZAR ADOLESCENTES ESCOLARES PARA A VACINAÇÃO CONTRA O PAPILOMA VÍRUS HUMANOS

Introdução: Educação em saúde visa sensibilizar a consciência cidadã a partir do conhecimento do sujeito e de estratégias pedagógicas dialógicas. Tal atividade pode envolver os diferentes ciclos de vida, como crianças e adolescentes. Objetivo: relatar a experiência de um grupo tutorial da disciplina SACI II da UFRN na produção e realização de ações de educação em saúde voltadas a sensibilização para adesão a vacinação contra o HPV no território adscrito a uma USF de Natal/RN no primeiro semestre do ano de 2018. Metodologia: A seleção das temáticas-alvo se deu a partir das percepções dos discentes acerca do contexto epidemiológico do bairro e, sobretudo, dos processos contínuos de escuta ativa, em que profissionais de saúde da USF e lideranças do território expuseram as demandas locais. Utilizou-se a ferramenta CANVAS para estruturação do planejamento estratégico das intervenções. Exposições dialogadas, com uso de multimídia, cartazes, jogos educativos e paródias foram empregados na interação com o público da escola do bairro. Resultados: As percepções do grupo discente foram positivas e satisfatórias ao final das intervenções, em meio à ativa participação dos escolares e interesse nas temáticas abordadas, evidenciando adequação das estratégias realizadas. Conclusões: as intervenções buscaram responder a uma demanda de educação em saúde relativa ao adolescente. Ademais, contribuíram para o crescimento acadêmico e pessoal dos discentes ao trabalhar competências do saber, do ser, conviver, essenciais a efetivação do modelo da vigilância à saúde, bem como houve um balanço positivo, uma vez que os resultados esperados no planejamento foram alcançados. Desta forma, concretizou-se o princípio da integração ensino-serviço-comunidade.
 
 Palavras-Chave: Serviços de Integração Docente-assistencial, Educação em Saúde, Comunicação, Atenção Primária à Saúde, Sistema Único de Saúde.

Study Protocol for a Qualitative Research Project Exploring an Occupational Health Surveillance Model for Workers Exposed to Hand-Intensive Work.

The objective of this study protocol is to describe the development of a process model for occupational health surveillance for workers exposed to hand-intensive work (the HIW-model), and to describe the studies that will explore the model. The studies are designed to: (1) explore stakeholders’ experiences of the model, and (2) explore if, and how, the model affects actions for reduction of exposure to hand-intensive work. The study protocol presents a research project that is described as two studies. The first study will explore company representatives’ and ergonomists’ experiences of the execution of the HIW-model and its various components concerning feasibility and values. Semi-structured interviews will constitute the data source. The second study will explore whether the execution of the HIW-model leads to work environmental changes, such as actions for reduction of exposure to hand-intensive work, and whether these potential actions are based on the ergonomist’s feedback of the exposure assessment and the medical health checks. A mixed method approach will be applied, in which the data sources will be comprised of semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, and documents. The project is expected to generate knowledge regarding the values of the HIW-model. The project is anticipated to shed light on factors that facilitate or impede execution of the model from the different stakeholders’ perspectives; the employer’s as having the legal responsibility for the work environment, and the occupational health service consultants’, being the work environment experts supporting the employers.

Estudantes de enfermagem e medicina inseridos na prática profissional: percepção de equipes

A Estratégia Saúde da Família constitui-se como uma reorganização do modelo de atenção em saúde e as mudanças na formação profissional são essenciais para a transformação da prática. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar a percepção de profissionais de saúde de equipes de Estratégia Saúde da Família sobre as atividades e a inserção dos estudantes de 1° e 2° anos dos cursos de Enfermagem e Medicina de uma faculdade pública. Os dados foram coletados por entrevista semiestruturada e analisados com base na análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática. Os temas emergentes foram: O processo de inserção dos estudantes na equipe da ESF; O vínculo entre estudantes, famílias e equipe da ESF favorecendo a aprendizagem significativa e Desafios inerentes à formação profissional por métodos ativos de ensino-aprendizagem. Os profissionais acolhem as necessidades de aprendizagem dos estudantes e reconhecem que há troca de saberes. A inserção ocorre por meio da comunicação efetiva com a equipe. A presença do estudante na ESF é considerada como fator importante na construção do vínculo e facilitação do acesso ao serviço de saúde, entendidas como ferramentas prioritárias para o bom desenvolvimento do modelo de vigilância em saúde. As dificuldades de inserção no cenário foram atribuídas ao desenvolvimento inerente à aprendizagem ativa. Inserir, portanto, o estudante na ESF fortalece o que é preconizado para a formação atual das profissões da saúde, oportunizando a valorização da qualidade da assistência, a relevância do trabalho e, principalmente, o cuidado em saúde.

Modelo para la inspección, vigilancia y control sanitario con enfoque de riesgos en Colombia

RESUMENEn Colombia, a partir de la Resolución 1229 de 2013 del Ministerio de Salud, se estableció que la inspección, vigilancia y control (IVC) sanitario debían realizarse con enfoque de riesgos. Así, en 2014, el Instituto Nacional de Vigilancia de Medicamentos y Alimentos (INVIMA) diseñó e implementó un modelo de vigilancia sanitaria basado en riesgos llamado IVC-SOA. Este modelo mide el riesgo de los medicamentos, dispositivos médicos, alimentos y cosméticos considerando tres factores: la severidad del producto (S), la ocurrencia de falla del producto (O) y la población potencialmente afectada (A), de allí su nombre SOA.El modelo incorpora 40 variables y métodos estadísticos que permite crear un perfil de riesgos para cada una de las entidades que permite crear un perfil de riesgos para cada una de las entidades vigiladas y así generar un ranking para determinar cuáles de estas deben ser inspeccionadas.El objetivo de este informe es presentar la metodología y los resultados obtenidos luego del diseño e implementación del modelo IVC-SOA creado por la agencia reguladora en Colombia y su efecto en la efectividad de la vigilancia sanitaria.

Health Education In Family Health Strategy Under User´s Perspective

This study aimed to know the perception of a user group on the subject. It is an exploratory, descriptive study with a qualitative approach. It was held in a Family Health Unit in the municipality of Campina Grande/PB. It was used a semi-structured interview script. For the analysis, the technique of collective subject discourse was used. The interviews were divided into three categories: Users´ knowledge on health education; perception of users about health education activities; and the importance of health education. The speeches associated health education to a biological perspective, characteristic of medical care model and focused on the transmission of knowledge, where the disease is the professional´s care object, opposing the perspective of health surveillance model.

MANAGEMENT IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE: DISCOURSES ABOUT THE SEARCH FOR RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMATICS OF TUBERCULOSIS

ABSTRACT The study aimed to analyze the discourse of Primary Health Care managers about the search for respiratory symptomatics as an epidemiological surveillance action of tuberculosis. A qualitative study was undertaken, guided by the theoretical and analytical framework of French Discourse Analysis. Data were produced in May 2012 through semi-structured interviews with 14 subjects. Two discursive blocks were produced: marks of power in the execution of the search for respiratory symptomatics; resistance strategies in the search for respiratory symptomatics. Discursive positions were grounded in the traditional management model, making it difficult to incorporate the search for respiratory symptomatics as a participatory action that integrates health staff, managers and the community. Insufficient human resources, workload and rigor in achieving goals favor postures of immobility among the professionals. It is concluded that the managerial work outlined in the health surveillance model encourages the mobilization of practices that contribute to qualify the search for respiratory symptomatics in Primary Health Care.

Vigilância da saúde: fundamentos, interfaces e tendências

The present article rescues initially the forms, content and operational projection of the epidemiological surveillance as indispensable tool for the knowledge field and public health practices. After that, we verify that the health surveillance model establishes an enlargement of this operational concept of surveillance by integrating the collectives and individuals practices in different health necessities dimensions, which includes beyond of the risks and damages control also the eco-socials determinants. In the sequence, we search to dimension the distinct levels of actuation of this sanitary practice articulated to the interventions of promotion, protection and recovery under a located and integrated logic of the unique system of Brazilian health. Finally, we argue that all the conceptual-operational model framework of public health surveillance itself constitutes as a politics and sanitary base for the consolidation of the health promotion paradigm in the collective health field.

Projeto SB Brasil 2010: elemento estratégico na construção de um modelo de vigilância em saúde bucal

O projeto comecou a ser pensado no âmbito do Comite Tecnico Assessor (CTA) em Vigilância em Saude Bucal do Ministerio da Saude desde abril de 2009. Foi submetido a consulta publica durante o mes de junho de 2009, resultando em uma participacao significativa de diversos setores em seu processo de construcao. Desde entao, foi formado um Grupo Gestor que, por intermedio de oito Centros Colaboradores localizados nas diversas regioes do pais, tem conduzido o projeto a partir de oficinas de trabalho nos estados e treinamento das equipes de campo.

The contribution of the teaching-service integration to the implementation of the health surveillance model: educators' perspective

This descriptive-qualitative research aimed to describe how educators perceive the integration between teaching and health services in São Paulo, SP, Brazil and the contribution of this partnership to the implementation of the Health Surveillance (HS) model. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed according to the Collective Subject Discourse technique. Results revealed that there is integration between teaching and service, mainly at the initiative of the academy. The university hires health professionals practicing in health services, who have a teaching profile, and includes them in the internship program. The contribution of the academic community to the implementation of HS in the region is incipient and restricted to isolated actions, mainly because educators do not consider it an academic task. We conclude that a political-pedagogical project is needed, so that professionals involved in teaching and service get aligned with a view to transforming health practices and models.

Compreensões integradas para a vigilância da saúde em ambiente de floresta: o caso da Chapada do Araripe, Ceará, Brasil

Partial results from this study are presented with the objective of developing a health surveillance model for communities living on natural resources in the Araripe National Forest in Ceará State, Brazil. The research is justified primarily on the basis of this forest's importance for quality of life in Northeast Brazil and preservation of the country's forests in general. The study drew on a collective construction of integrated understanding on the subjectivity of social relations with the environment. Social and environmental health problems in the forest context have generally been overlooked by health policy.

Making the Invisible Victims of Violence Against Women Visible Through University/Community Partnerships

Summary The absence of scientifically credible information about the nature and extent of children exposed to abuse of their mothers is an impediment to effective intervention and prevention efforts. This article proposes a research agenda based upon guiding principles of a public health surveillance model. Three major principles are presented and applied to this social problem. Additionally, a concrete example of the application of these principles is drawn from an ongoing university/community partnership in Philadelphia.

Uma proposta de vigilância em saúde do trabalhador com a ótica de gênero

This paper deals with differences and inequalities. The current workers' health surveillance model is discussed, pointing to the need for a gender perspective in this area. The article maintains that certain classical notions should be reviewed and that risk maps can be more useful if they are capable of identifying exposure according to gender, thus enhancing the different kinds of division of labor under which they operate. Women workers' proposals are placed alongside sociological analyses in terms of the interface between production and reproduction and the debate over the gender perspective in the health-disease process. The paper concludes with an attempt to establish a new approach to workers' health surveillance, highlighting the centralness of work and the inter-subjectiveness of determining the relationship between production and health.