Health Status Of Residents Research Articles

Multi-Dimensional Comparison of the Impact Mechanism of the Self-Rated Health Status of Urban and Rural Residents in Chinese Social Environments.

Self-rated health status (SRHS) reflects individuals’ social environment, and the difference between urban and rural areas in China further highlights the impact of social environment on health. This paper aimed to systematically analyze and compare the impact mechanism of the SRHS of urban and rural residents from multiple dimensions, i.e., time, space, and scale. Drawing on data from the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) and China Statistical Yearbook, we used spatial, cross, and HLM analyses. Results indicate that: (1) From 2010 to 2017, the overall SRHS level of Chinese residents gradually declined; the gradient pattern of east, middle, and west became more marked, and the health level in rural areas generally fell behind that of urban areas. (2) The focus of SRHS moved toward mental health, and people’s perceptions of the social environment gradually became a key factor affecting health. (3) In the long term, the gradient allocation of medical service resources could narrow the gap between urban and rural areas to comprehensively improve regional health levels.

Occupational Accidents and Work Injuries in Jordan’s Economic Sectors between 2010 and 2019

A growing emphasis is being placed on raising global awareness of the magnitude and consequences of work-related accidents, injuries, and diseases, as well as designing and implementing efficient preventive and protective policies and programs. Statistical data on occupational accidents and diseases, as well as work-related deaths on a national level, may assist decision makers in critically assessing the status of occupational health and safety (OHS) and proposing appropriate measures to improve the status of OSH to meet global standards. Jordan faces economic challenges that necessitate effective measures to reduce damage and economic losses caused by workplace accidents and injuries, as it has been revealed that the work injury rate is approximately one accident every 44 minutes and the death from a work injury occurs every 3 days. The average fatal injury rate per 105 of workers is 8.6. The manufacturing sector reported the largest percentage of work injuries (35.9%). The fall of persons caused the largest percentage of work injuries (29.3%). Accidents that resulted in "Bruises" accounted for 33.4% of all accidents, while accidents that resulted in "Wounds" accounted for 26.8% of all accidents. The percentage of work-related injuries that resulted in curable injuries accounted for 75.8% of the total injuries. The cost of work accidents is reflected by an estimated average of 80000 absence days and annual social security costs of approximately 8.8 million JD.

Influence of residential performance on residents' health status (part II): Nationwide survey of environmental performance of apartment buildings and residents' health status

AbstractThe residential environment clearly affects health. For example, a previous study has established relationships between specific environmental factors and the health status of residents in detached houses. However, studies focused on apartment buildings are still insufficient. Therefore, in this study, a large nationwide questionnaire survey of residents of apartments was conducted. The residential environment was subjectively evaluated using a Japanese Comprehensive Assessment System for Built Environment Efficiency (CASBEE) tool: the CASBEE Health Checklist. The results showed that residents living in apartments who score higher on the checklist tend to have a lower prevalence of various diseases, indicating that residential environment may be an important determinant of health. Furthermore, the odds ratios for residents living in apartment buildings were lower for diabetes mellitus, hypertensive diseases, heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, chronic lower respiratory diseases, and inflammatory polyarthropathies compared with residents living in detached houses. These findings support the general link between the residential environment and residents' health and suggest that housing typology is an important factor.

Investigation of Mental Health Literacy and Status of Residents During the Re-Outbreak of COVID-19 in China.

IntroductionThe current field of research on the impact of COVID-19 on mental health was mostly limited to the evaluation of the first round of the epidemic, few reports focused on the impact of the re-emergence of COVID-19. This study aimed to investigate the mental health literacy and status of residents during the re-outbreak of COVID-19 in China.MethodsThe basic information sheet, health literacy survey scale, physical health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7), insomnia severity index (ISI), and Alzheimer dementia 8 (AD8) were applied to evaluate the mental health literacy, mental health status and elderly cognitive function, and χ2 test was applied for analysis of the difference between different groups.ResultsA total of 2,306 participants were involved in this study, of which 734 people completed the mental health literacy survey. The qualified rate of mental health literacy was 6.4%. The difference is statistically significant. A total of 1,015 people completed the survey of mental health status, the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 8.87%, the monthly income of different families (χ2 = 13.96, P = 0.01), the self-assessed health status (χ2 = 128.56, P < 0.05), the presence or absence of chronic diseases (χ2 = 4.78, P = 0.03), among all which the difference was statistically significant; the prevalence of anxiety symptoms was 3.84%, different regions (χ2 = 12.26, P < 0.05), occupations (χ2 = 11.65, P < 0.05), household monthly income (χ2 = 12.65, P = 0.01), self-rated health status (χ2 = 151.11, P < 0.05), and chronic diseases (χ2 = 7.77, P = 0.01), among all which the differences were statistically significant. The prevalence of insomnia symptoms was 7.98%, different age (χ2 = 18.45, P < 0.05), region (χ2 = 5.11, P = 0.02), monthly household income (χ2 = 12.68 P = 0.01), and self-assessed health status (χ2 = 91.71, P < 0.05), in which there was a statistically significant difference between those with or without chronic diseases (χ2 = 3 3.25, P < 0.05). A total of 557 elderly people over 65 years old completed the cognitive dysfunction screening, in which the prevalence of cognitive dysfunction was 17.41%, and the difference was statistically significant at the different self-assessed health status (χ2 = 96.24, P < 0.05) and with or without chronic diseases (χ2 = 107.09, P < 0.05).ConclusionThe mental health literacy and status of residents have not improved significantly during the second outbreak of the epidemic, indicating that under the normalization of epidemic prevention and control, more attention should be paid to the mental health of residents, and targeted health education and psychological intervention should be carried out to avoid relative adverse events.

Prevalence and effect of schistosome and soil-transmitted helminth infection on labour input in rice-growing communities of Ogun State, Nigeria

Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) are public health problems in communities which lack basic social amenities with poor hygienic conditions. Studies were carried out to determine the prevalence and effect of schistosomes and soil-transmitted helminths infection on labour input on rice production in 9 rice-growing communities of Ogun State. Parasitological examinations of urine and faecal samples, and structured questionnaires were conducted on 243 consented individuals from May 2009 to March 2010. The results showed an overall prevalence of 17% for Ascaris lumbricoides, 12% for hookworms, 2% for Trichuris trichiura, 1% for Schistosoma haematobium and 1% for Schistosoma mansoni. A. lumbricoides and hookworms were more prevalent in Agbajege (25%), and varied in the other 8 communities. T. trichiura was prevalent in three communities, Agbajege (5%), Akodu (4.2%), and Moloko-Asipa (4.8 %); S. haematobium was prevalent only in Ayedere (2.6%) and Lufoko (8%), while S. mansoni was prevalent only in Moloko-Asipa (9.5%). Infections among the gender were varied as 26.3 % of males and 33.8 % of females had an overall prevalence of: A. lumbricoides (16.8%), hookworms (11.8%), T. trichiura (1.6%), S. haematobium (1.1%) and S. mansoni (1.1%). On frequency of infection to incapacitation per year, 45% of respondents were incapacitated 1-2 times, 27% 3-4 times and 19% were incapacitated more than 4 times. Understanding the effect of these two diseases will not only improve the health status of residents but also increase their productivity and ensure food security.

Occupational Difference in Oral Health Status and Behaviors in Japanese Workers: A Literature Review.

The occupational environment is an important factor for oral health because people spend a long time in the workplace throughout their lives and are affected by work-related stress and occupational health policies. This study aimed to review evidence for the association between occupation and oral health status and behaviors. A literature search of PubMed was conducted from February to May 2022, as well as a manual search analyzing the article origins. Articles were screened and considered eligible if they met the following criteria: (1) published in English; (2) epidemiological studies on humans; and (3) examined the association between occupation and oral health status and behaviors. All 23 articles identified met the eligibility criteria. After full-text assessments, ten articles from Japan were included in this review: four on the association between occupation and dental caries, three on occupation and periodontal disease, two on occupation and tooth loss, and one on occupation and oral health behaviors. An association was apparent between occupation, oral health status and behaviors among Japanese workers. In particular, skilled workers, salespersons, and drivers who work longer hours and often on nightshifts, tended to have poor oral health.

The Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Individual’s Physical Activity Levels and Mental Health: A Descriptive, Cross-Sectional Study in Mumbai

Background: COVID-19 has impacted the well-being of individuals living in India. Lockdowns have helped prevent the spread of COVID-19. Alternatively, this has led to negative impacts on maintaining healthy lifestyles. This study describes the physical activity and mental health status of Mumbai residents living with and without pre-existing illnesses.&#x0D; Objective: This descriptive, cross-sectional study reviews survey responses from participants from Mumbai, India.&#x0D; Methods and Material: An online survey was disseminated via social media platforms. Respondents answered questions regarding their demographics, health history, mental status, and physical activity levels pre-pandemic and after the COVID-19 pandemic declaration.Descriptive statistical analysis was completed. A paired sample t-test was used to calculate differences between pre-pandemic and post-pandemic effects. Significance was set at p&lt;0.05.&#x0D; Results: A total of 146 responses were returned. Approximately 42% of participants reported having one or more pre-existing medical condition. Total participants reported increased sedentary lifestyle after the declared pandemic (p=0.0001per weekday and p=0.006per weekend). Although not significant, physical activity levels were reduced by 35% in participants with pre-existing medical conditions. Respondents reported having increased feelings of nervousness, anxious, or being on edge post-COVID (p=0.01). Significant decrease in general feelings of sadness (p=0.006), anxiety (p=0.03) and stress (p=0.002) post-COVID were also reported.&#x0D; Conclusions: Quarantine measures trigger psychological problems in certain areas. Physical activity has benefits to reduce COVID-19 infection while also promoting psychological health, thus promoting physical activity should be a public health priority.

Disparities in All-cancer and Lung Cancer Survival by Social, Behavioral, and Health Status Characteristics in the United States: A Longitudinal Follow-up of the 1997-2015 National Health Interview Survey-National Death Index Record Linkage Study

Most research on cancer patient survival uses registry-based (e.g., SEER) incidence and survival data that have limited socioeconomic status and health-risk information. In this study, we used the 1997-2015 National Health Interview Survey-National Death Index prospectively-linked pooled cohort database (n = 40,291 cancer patients) to examine disparities in patient survival by a broad range of social determinants, including race/ethnicity, nativity, educational attainment, income/poverty level, occupation, housing tenure, physical and mental health status, smoking, physical activity, body mass index, and alcohol consumption. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate mortality hazard ratios and cause-specific 1-year, 5-year, and 10-year survival rates for all-cancer and lung cancer. During 1997-2015, the 10-year age-adjusted (all-cause) survival rate for cancer patients with professional and managerial occupations was 89.66%, significantly higher than the survival rate of 83.17% for laborers or 83.66% for the unemployed. Cancer patients with renting house had significantly lower age-adjusted survival rates than those owning house (82.65% vs. 85.80%). The 10-year age-adjusted survival rates were significantly greater among cancer patients with regular physical activity than those without regular physical activity (90.18% vs. 83.24%). Age-adjusted survival rates were significantly reduced for cancer patients with lower income and education, poor health, and serious psychological distress, and among current and former smokers. The gap in survival narrowed with additional sociodemographic, health, or behavioral adjustment. Similarly large differentials were found in lung cancer survival. Marked disparities in all-cancer and lung cancer survival were found by a wide range of sociodemographic and health characteristics.

Legal Provisions Along with Implementation Status of Occupational Safety and Health in Nepalese Legislation

Introduction: Cloud computing is an innovative paradigm that provides users with on-demand access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources such as servers, storage, and applications. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the acceptance of employees in the medical records and E-health departments to cloud computing in King Khalid General, Hafar Al-Batin, Saudi Arabia. Further, it determined their perceived level of understanding and knowledge to this technology especially on its utilization in safely accessing and securing personal health record of patients. Method: A total of 53 participants filled-up and completed the survey questionnaire that measures their level of knowledge and understanding to cloud technology. A descriptive cross-sectional design was utilized for this study. Results and Discussion: From the results of the survey, a general mean of 3.72 and standard deviation of 1 having a verbal intepretation of ‘agree’ were obtained. These results translates to an acceptable level of utilizing cloud computing in the hospitals. Conclusion: Cloud computing creates an efficient management of patient health records making it more accessible and secured. It is an innovative management approach of record databases in a Saudi hospital with a promising future to be adopted by other hospitals in Saudi Arabia.

Study on the Impact of Income Gap on Health Level of Rural Residents in China.

With the rapid development of the social economy, health has increasingly become the focus of attention. Therefore, based on the balanced panel data of the China Household Tracking Survey (CFPS) from 2010 to 2018, the Probit model was used to investigate the impact of the income gap in rural areas on residents’ health level, and the relevant influencing mechanism was discussed in this paper. Results: (1) The income gap has a significant negative effect on the health level of rural residents, and the expansion of the income gap will have a more significant impact on the health level of rural residents. (2) The income gap will restrain the health level of rural residents by affecting the family income level and mobility constraints. (3) The restraining effect of the income gap on health formation mainly affects the families of young rural residents, rural male residents, residents with no rental income, and residents with low social capital. This paper analyzes and discusses, from the perspective of income gap, the impact of the income gap on the health status of rural residents in China. Based on the above conclusions, this paper puts forward some feasible suggestions to improve the health level of rural residents.

Clean energy, economic development and healthy energy intensity: an empirical analysis based on China's inter-provincial panel data.

The use of clean energy can promote the coordinated development of the economy and the ecological environment. However, few studies have paid attention to the changes in the health status of residents in the process of economic development and energy use. To fill this gap, this paper uses health energy intensity, which refers to the amount of energy consumed per unit of health status (composed of population mortality, maternal mortality, and perinatal mortality), to explore the impact of clean energy (expressed by the share of clean energy consumption in total energy consumption) on economic development and healthy energy intensity. By using the panel data of 30 provinces and cities in China from 2005 to 2019, this paper constructs a simultaneous equation model for empirical analysis from the perspective of the whole country and areas with different income levels. The results show that from the national perspective, in the early stage of clean energy development, the level of economic development and healthy energy intensity increased; however, with the further development of clean energy, the sample period shows that the level of economic development and the healthy energy intensity decreased. Heterogeneity analysis shows that in both high-income and moderate-income areas, clean energy has a U-shaped effect on economic development; but in low-income areas, clean energy has an inverted U-shaped effect on economic development. In high-income and low-income areas, clean energy has an inverted U-shaped effect on healthy energy intensity; but in moderate-income areas, clean energy has a U-shaped effect on healthy energy intensity. China's clean energy market is still in its early stage, and the research conclusions of this paper provide a theoretical basis for the realization of China's clean energy development.

Major Factors affecting Health and Safety of Healthcare Workers During Covid-19 Pandemic

Introduction: Healthcare workers around the world are at risk of contracting an infectious disease including the recent Coronavirus Disease 19 epidemic which had a profound effect, especially on hospitals and health workers. However, at the national level in Ethiopia, there is a lack of data on the current state of health and safety of health care professionals. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the status and the health and safety of healthcare workers in public hospitals in the continued COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the status of health and safety of healthcare workers and associated factors, at selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa in the continued Coronavirus Disease 19 pandemic. Methodology: An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted From January 1 to January 30, 2022, for 360 participants. A simple random technique was used to select study participants. Data were collected using self-administered questioners and entered into EPI info version 3.1 before being exported to SPSS Software (version 23) for analysis. Logistic regression was used to identify significant variables and control confounding factors. The strength of the association was measured using an adjusted odds ratio with a 95 percent confidence interval at a 5% level of significance. A P-value &lt; 0.05 indicated a significant relationship between factors. Result: Out of a total of 360 study participants, 73.6% (95%Confidence Interval [CI]=68.9–78.3) had good occupational health and safety status. Work experiences(Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] =1.8, 95%Confidence Interval[CI]=1.12–3.2), Availability of Proper facemasks, (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] =3, 95%Confidence Interval[CI]: 1.7–5.2), availability of disinfectants (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] =2, 95%Confidence Interval[CI]=1.11–3.7), availability of water and handwashing facilities (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] =2, 95%Confidence Interval[CI]=1.1–3.4), training on health and safety (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]=1.8, 95%Confidence Interval[CI]=1.13–3.2) were significantly associated with health and safety status of health care workers. Conclusion: The findings indicated that health and safety status was generally good in the study area. Availability of personal protective equipment, availability of water and handwashing facilities, availability of cleaning and disinfectants, and provision of health and safety training were predictors favoring good OHS status for health professionals. Ministry of Health and specific policy makers should formulate health and safety policy and monitoring and evaluation health and safety in HCF should be implemented

Estimating population norms for the health-related quality of life of adults in southern Jiangsu Province, China

Although national health-related quality of life population norms had been published based on the EuroQol 5-Dimensions 5-levels scale, China is a vast country with diverse cultural and social development in various regions. Therefore, regional population norms may better reflect the health status of residents in a given area. The purpose of the study was to derive the HRQoL population norm for adult general population in southern Jiangsu Province using the EQ-5D-5L scale and explore potential influencing factors. The data were based on a cross-sectional survey conducted in Liyang City from March 2019 to July 2020. EQ-5D-5L utility scores based on Chinese value set and EQ-VAS scores were used to assess HRQoL. The Tobit regression model and generalized linear model were performed to identify the association among potential covariates and HRQoL. The means (95% confidence interval) of the EQ-5D-5L utility scores and EQ-VAS scores were 0.981(0.980–0.983) and 83.6(83.2–83.9), respectively. Younger people (≤ 40 years old) were more likely to experience problems with anxiety or depression. Additionally, women had lower HRQoL scores although multivariate analysis found no statistical difference between the sexes. Lower HRQoL was associated with advanced age, lower socioeconomic status, no spouse, lack of regular physical activities, smoking cessation, and chronic non-communicable diseases. Subjects who declared that they were afflicted by diseases presented significantly lower utility scores, ranging from 0.823 (0.766–0.880) for memory-related diseases to 0.978 (0.967–0.989) for hepatic diseases. Regional population norms of HRQoL are needed in the health economic study owing to the great socioeconomic differences across regions in China. The present study provides HRQoL population norms for adults in southern Jiangsu. These norm values could help policy makers better allocate limited health resources and prioritize service plans.

Mapping COVID-19 in a Region Using IP Geolocation and Fuzzy Inference System

The spread of COVID-19, which is getting faster every day, has made people wary. If residents suffer from the symptoms and risks of COVID-19, they are afraid and ashamed because they feel ostracized by their neighbours, relatives, and families. It is a shame and fear of reporting that causes the transmission of COVID-19 to accelerate. Therefore, it is necessary to create a system that can answer the problem, namely a system that can detect first aid symptoms and risks of COVID-19 suffered by residents, so that residents know their health status without checking the health of the COVID-19 task force in each area. The system is made by reading the location of residents who report their health to know where they are and their health status. A method for reading the location of system users based on IP addresses is called IP Geolocation, which stands for Internet Protocol Geolocation. The determination of the health status of residents is in the category of Negative COVID-19, ODR, ODP, PDP, or Positive COVID-19 using the Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) method. The IP Geolocation and FIS results will be displayed on a map (google maps). Implementing this system will make it easier for the Government to monitor the spread of COVID-19 based on public reports and information. By testing using the black box method based on partition equivalence with seven facilities in the system, one mistake makes the facility a weakness of IP Geolocation.

Missed reporting of nonfatal occupational injuries: estimation using the International Labor Organization datasets.

Most previous studies about missed reporting of nonfatal occupational injuries have four limitations: (i) mostly qualitative methods, (ii) arbitrary fraction used to estimate missed nonfatal occupational injuries based on subjective opinions, (iii) use of datasets derived from only one country, and (iv) use of a relatively simple estimation method. In contrast, (i) using quantitative approaches, this study will calculate the (ii) objective estimates on (iii) a multinational scale. (iv) A newly devised logical approach for estimation will be applied. Through this study, the fraction of missed reports of nonfatal occupational injuries will be estimated in a new way. Four International Labor Organization (ILO) datasets were analyzed in this study: (i) fatal occupational injuries per 100,000 workers by sex and migrant status, (ii) nonfatal occupational injuries per 100,000 workers by sex and migrant status, (iii) inspectors per 10,000 employed persons, and (iv) labor inspection visits per inspector. The ratification status of 27 ILO conventions, classified into 12 categories, was used for the analyses. The GDP dataset from the World Bank Open Data was also used. In addition to basic descriptive analyses, a multilevel Poisson regression method was applied. The primary outcome was the risk ratio of the above-mentioned four selected measures when an ILO convention was ratified compared to when the convention was not ratified. Finally, for the estimation of the fraction of missed reports of nonfatal occupational injuries, a newly devised estimation method was applied. This method was devised based on a unique characteristic of reporting systems for fatal occupational injuries (duplicate reporting through multiple reporting systems). The ratio of discovered nonfatal occupational injuries to total estimated nonfatal occupational injuries ranged from 0.13 (95% CI 0.13-0.14) to 0.89 (95% CI 0.84-0.95). In other words, the minimum estimate of the percentage of missed injury reports is 11% (1-0.89 = 0.11) and the maximum is 87% (1-0.13 = 0.87). The mean value of the ratios of discovered nonfatal occupational injuries to total estimated nonfatal occupational injuries was 0.52. In other words, the most likely estimate for the fraction of missed injury reports is 48% (1-0.52 = 0.48). Underreporting of nonfatal occupational injuries could hinder the efforts of governments to address and improve the occupational safety and health status of the country. Accurate assessment of the current status of nonfatal occupational injuries is important for devising effective strategies to reduce this type of injury.

Health Effects of Happiness in China.

The demand for improving health status of Chinese residents is growing with the rapid economic development. Happiness, which could be improved by some brief, self-administered, and cost-effective interventions, is reported to be associated with mortality, longevity, and self-rated health. Therefore, it is essential to assess the effect of happiness on health in China. Using data from the Chinese General Social Survey 2017, the present study explored the effect of happiness on health among Chinese residents after controlling for demographic variables, socioeconomic factors, social relationships, locations, and insurance plan. The happiness effect across subsamples by age and resident type and the mediator role of happiness were also evaluated. Based on an ordered probit regression model, we found that the effect of happiness on health was significantly positive in full sample and all subsamples. Using a structural equation model, we demonstrated that happiness could partially mediate the relationship between socioeconomic factors, social relationships factors, and health. Our data supplement the existing literature on the relationship between happiness and health and provide evidence for policymakers and stakeholders focusing on happiness as a health strategy to improve overall societal wellbeing.

Social determinants related to COVID-19 infection.

This study was aimed at identifying the social determinants related to COVID-19 infection in South Korea. This secondary analysis used data from the 2020 Community Health Survey, a nationwide sample taken to understand the health status of Korean residents. The participants were 220 970 adults 19 years of age or older. COVID-19-related social determinants were age, education level, marital status, household income, hypertension, eating habits, social support, and regional income. The risk of COVID-19 infection increased in those who were under 40 years, were high school graduates or higher, were single, had a household income over US$ 4166.7, ate breakfast 5-7 times a week, had three or more helpers during COVID-19, and lived in a region with above-average income. Hypertension reduced the risk of COVID-19 infection. In conclusion, adults with high socioeconomic activity showed a high risk for COVID-19 infection, which was assumed to include only adults living in residential housing in the community. Further studies are required to include adults living in long-term care or communal living facilities, known to be frequently infected with the corona virus.

Development of nutrient profiling model include nutrients and food groups evaluation

To develop the nutrient profiling model based on the nutrition and health status of Chinese residents, and comprehensively evaluate the nutritional quality of food and dietary pattern. Nutrient-and food group-indexes closely related to the main health problems of Chinese residents were screened and determined based on the level of evidence. Different food and dietary patterns were taken as examples to calculate the nutrient dense score. The nutrient indexes of this model included protein, dietary fiber, vitamin D, sodium, potassium, calcium, saturated fatty acid and sugar. Food group indexes included whole grain and legume, fruit, vegetable, soybean and nut. Nutrient profiling model included both nutrient-and food group-indexes could provide a more comprehensive evaluation on nutrient density of food and diet, and the rationality of diet align with dietary guidelines.

Uncorrected near vision acuity and associated factors in a coastal province in southern China: the Fujian eye cross sectional study.

BackgroundNear vision (NV) is essential to visual quality of individuals, and could be affected by different factors and changed gradually with the development of society. An update estimates is needed. Our study aims to investigate the age-trends in and sociodemographic characteristics associated with uncorrected near vision acuity (UNVA) in people ≥50 years in southern China.MethodsA population-based, cross-sectional survey on the eye health status of residents in both inland and coastal areas of Fujian Province, southern China was performed by Eye Institute and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University. People aged ≥50 years (10,044 subjects) in Fujian province were recruited according to the cluster sampling design by Fujian eye cross sectional study (FJES) group. The contents of the questionnaire survey included age, gender, education, occupation and other socioeconomic status. UNVA and slit lamp examination were performed for the participants in the field survey. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to compare the mean among groups of normally distributed parameters of UNVA and the chi-square (χ2) test was used to compare the proportion.ResultsAmong the baseline participants, 8,211 (81.8%) attended follow-up examinations. The sample had a mean age of 64.4 years [standard deviation (SD) =8.9], and 4,836 of the participants were female (58.9%). The average UNVA values for males and females were 0.29±0.18 and 0.28±0.17, respectively (P=0.000). UNVA gradually decreased with age and plateaued between 65 and 80 years old. There were significant differences in the mean values of UNVA associated with different occupations (P=0.000). UNVA was significantly different among people with different education levels (P=0.000). The average UNVA in people in coastal areas was 0.28, while that in people in inland areas was 0.29 (P=0.006). People in urban areas appeared to have better UNVA on average (0.29) than those in rural areas (0.27; P=0.000).ConclusionsAfter age 50, NV was reduced gradually. Age, gender, education, occupation, income and geographical factors may affect the NV performance of adults, which should be taken into account to achieve a good management of vision quality.

BIM approaches for enhanced health and safety status in construction - protocol for a systematic review

The construction industry is complex, dynamic, multicultural, and full of diverse activities and dangerous machinery. Many accidents occur because of limiting factors, such as safety and health culture, requirements, poor training of workers, and the restricted technologies implemented to prevent, plan, and monitor risks. Building Information Modelling (BIM) is recognised to enhance project management, planning, and inspection, reduce time and costs, strengthen collaboration, and decrease risks and accidents. A wide array of BIM-based tools and technologies with various functionalities are being investigated to enhance construction workers' health and safety. Among such technologies and methods are tracking devices, Augmented and Virtual Reality (AR/VR), automated rule checking, risk identification and Artificial Intelligence (AI). A systematic review following PRISMA Statement is proposed, aiming to investigate the current BIM-based technologies and evaluate effectiveness and usability within the Architecture, Engineering, Construction and Operations (AECO) industry to enhance occupational health and safety status. Consequently, this PRISMA Protocol (PRISMA-P) represents a complementary document to the systematic review that will be developed. Related articles will be gathered from top electronic databases in construction, safety, and health fields. Moreover, the literature review will focus on the BIM and associated technologies utilised in the AECO sector, exploring the construction fields, targeted groups and the system architectures developed. Likewise, examine the evaluation methods of the implemented tools to assess each technology's effectiveness. Finally, after stating the limitations of each study, the article will propose a safety and health framework involving the most efficient tools involving the whole project lifecycle.