Kenyan Health Sector Research Articles

Intergovernmental Relations and the Financial Resource Allocation for the Healthcare Sector in Nairobi City County, Kenya

Since the beginning of devolution of health sector in Kenya in 2013, there have been several concerns regarding heath care service delivery ineffectiveness, which have been attributed to strained ties between the national and county governments. There have been issues with service delivery and medical supply shortages in Nairobi City County's healthcare sector. This study sought to investigate how intergovernmental interactions have affected healthcare in in Nairobi City County. Specifically, the study examined how intergovernmental relations affect the financial allocation for the sector. The study was anchored on resource-based theory. A descriptive research design was employed involving a census for all the 7 administrators working at level 4 and level 5 health facilities in Nairobi City County as well as 78 employees working in the health department of Nairobi City County Government, constituted the sample population. Descriptive analysis was done using the standard deviation and the mean while inferential analysis was done using regression, F-test and ANOVA. The analyzed data was provided as frequency tables, percentages, and charts. Before the data collection, respondents were asked to provide informed consent, and anonymity and secrecy were assured to boost the response rate. The most critical relationship was between intergovernmental relations and financial resource allocation for the healthcare sector in Nairobi City County accounting to 39.4%. The findings suggested that in order to guarantee that financial resources are allocated appropriately, the national and the county government should work to enhance intergovernmental ties. This also helps in ensuring timely release of financial resources to health facilities by the national government. The study recommends that the financial allocation for healthcare should be enhanced so as to improve service delivery. There is also need to enhance own source revenue for the City County so as supplement the shareable revenue from the national government, which collectively will increase the finances available for utilisation in the healthcare sector

“Our program manager is a woman for the first time”: perceptions of health managers on what workplace policies and practices exist to advance women’s career progression in the health sector in Kenya

BackgroundExisting evidence suggests that organisation-level policies are important in enabling gender equality and equity in the workplace. However, there is little research exploring the knowledge of health sector employees on whether policies and practices to advance women’s career progression exist in their organisations. In this qualitative study, we explored the knowledge and perspectives of health managers on which of their organisations' workplace policies and practices contribute to the career advancement of women and their knowledge of how such policies and practices are implemented and monitored.MethodsWe employed a purposive sampling method to select the study participants. The study adopted qualitative approaches to gain nuanced insights from the 21 in-depth interviews and key informant interviews that we conducted with health managers working in public and private health sector organisations. We conducted a thematic analysis to extract emerging themes relevant to advancing women’s career progression in Kenya’s health sector.ResultsDuring the interviews, only a few managers cited the policies and practices that contribute to women’s career advancement. Policies and practices relating to promotion and flexible work schedules were mentioned most often by these managers as key to advancing women's career progression. For instance, flexible work schedules were thought to enable women to pursue further education which led to promotion. Some female managers felt that women were promoted to leadership positions only when running women-focused programs. There was little mention of capacity-building policies like training and mentorship. The health managers reported how policies and practices are implemented and monitored in general, however, they did not state how this is done for specific policies and practices. For the private sector, the health managers stated that implementation and monitoring of these policies and practices is conducted at the institutional level while for the public sector, this is done at the national or county level.ConclusionsWe call upon health-sector organisations in Kenya to offer continuous policy sensitisation sessions to their staff and be deliberate in having supportive policies and other pragmatic interventions beyond policies such as training and mentorship that can enable women’s career progression.

Authentic Leadership on Industrial Harmony in the Devolved Public Health Sector in Kenya

Authentic Leadership on Industrial Harmony in the Devolved Public Health Sector in Kenya

Effect of human capital devolution process on the technical efficiency of public health facilities in Nakuru and Baringo Counties of Kenya

This study investigates how the process of human capital devolution affects the technical efficiency of public health facilities in Nakuru and Baringo Counties in Kenya. Despite the expectation that increased government expenditure would enhance efficiency, the public health sector in Kenya continues to need more efficiency. The study was guided by the Human Capital Theory. The human capital devolution process was measured by academic and professional qualification, training and conferences, research and publications, and expenditure on salaries and allowances. This study drew from the Cobb-Douglas production function theory. Employing a quantitative descriptive research design, the study targeted 3199 employees across 401 level 2-5 public health facilities, with a focused sample of 355 proportionately selected employees. Primary data was gathered using structured questionnaires coded and analysed using STATA/SPSS software. Technical efficiency was assessed using two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and multivariate logistic regression. The regression analysis results revealed a significant relationship between human capital and technical efficiency, with a coefficient of human capital development at 0.331 (T-value= 4.384, p-value= 0.000< 0.05 significant level). This indicates a positive impact of human capital devolution on technical efficiency, where a unit increase in human capital development leads to a 0.331 increase in technical efficiency. The study recommends that financial challenges, the unequal distribution of national resources, and poor funding of devolution services can be solved by transferring all functions earmarked to County Governments as per Schedule IV in the Constitution of Kenya, 2010.

Supplier Risk Management Practices and Performance of Supply Chain in the Health Sector in Kenya

Disruptions within the supply chain due to various risks can have significant and far-reaching consequences for businesses. To effectively address these risks, firms must develop robust strategies for risk management. The focal point of this study was the examination of supplier risk management practices and their influence on the performance of supply chains within the healthcare sector in Kenya. Employing a descriptive survey research design, the study targeted a pool of 102 respondents, ultimately drawing a sample of 81 staff members from four county referral hospitals in western Kenya. Data collection was carried out using closed-ended questionnaires, ensuring a methodically sound approach. To validate the research instrument, content validity was rigorously assessed, and the reliability of the instrument was established through the application of Cronbach's alpha test. Subsequently, the collected data underwent comprehensive analysis, utilizing descriptive statistics in the form of frequency and percentage calculations. Additionally, inferential analysis was conducted, employing a simple linear regression model to determine the relationship between supplier risk management practices and supply chain performance in the health sector. The study's findings revealed a substantial and positive correlation between supplier risk management practices and supply chain performance, as indicated by the coefficient results (β = 0.521, t = 7.256, p< 0.05). Consequently, the null hypothesis was rejected, affirming that supplier risk management practices wield a considerable influence on the performance of the supply chain within the Kenyan health sector. These findings hold the potential to enhance our understanding of supplier management, offering valuable insights for managers within the health sector. Notably, the study emphasizes the crucial role that supplier risk management techniques like risk identification, risk assessment, and dual sourcing play in improving the performance of the supply chain. Furthermore, these findings may serve as a valuable resource for policymakers, offering essential information that can inform the formulation and revision of policies related to supply chain management within the healthcare sector.

Moderating Influence of the Legal and Regulatory Framework on Precursors of Sustainability of Donor Funded Projects in the Health Sector in Kenya

Purpose: The objective of the study was to find out the moderating influence of the legal and regulatory framework on sustainability of donor funded projects in the health sector in Kenya.
 Methodology: This study used a mixed method research design where both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, then analyzed, and conclusions drawn. The research design used was explanatory. The target population was 700 employees drawn from various stakeholders in the health sector. The study adopted stratified, purposive, and simple random sampling techniques to select a sample of 230 respondents. The study used questionnaires to collect primary data. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27.
 Findings: The findings revealed that the legal and regulatory framework has a moderating effect on the relationship between stakeholder engagement, resource mobilization, process execution & leadership practices and sustainability of donor funded projects in the health sector in Kenya.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy, and Practice: The study recommended that the health sector in Kenya should strengthen the frameworks for stakeholder engagement in health-related projects and that policies should be reviewed and re-designed to support activities in the space of donor funded projects if sustainability of projects has to be achieved. The study further recommends that there is need for tools and frameworks that would ensure that leadership practices are aligned to achieve project sustainability.

Influence of Stakeholder Engagement on Sustainability of Donor Funded Projects in the Health Sector in Kenya

Purpose: The study sought to find out the influence of stakeholder engagement on the sustainability of donor funded projects in the health sector in Kenya.
 Methodology: This study used a mixed method research design where both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, then analyzed, and conclusions drawn. The research design used was explanatory. The target population was 700 employees drawn from various stakeholders in the health sector. The study adopted stratified, purposive, and simple random sampling techniques to select a sample of 230 respondents. The study used questionnaires to collect primary data. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were computed. The data was presented using Tables.
 Findings: The study found out that there exists a relationship between stakeholder engagement and sustainability of donor funded projects in the health sector in Kenya. The statistical results of coefficients showed that the legal and regulatory framework moderates the relationship between stakeholder engagement and sustainability of donor funded projects in the health sector in Kenya. The study therefore concludes that an improvement in stakeholder engagement will lead to an improvement in sustainability of donor funded projects in the health sector in Kenya.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study was anchored on Ladder of Participation Model. The study therefore recommends that the health sector in Kenya should work towards strengthening the frameworks for stakeholder engagement in the health-related projects if sustainability of the projects must be attained. There is great need to review and ensure stakeholder relationship management, stakeholder participation in decision making of key activities as well as ensure avenues to enable stakeholders actively participate in project activities across the entire project life cycle. The study recommends stakeholder mapping to be done based on meritocracy. The study recommends that the legal and regulatory framework around the stakeholder engagement should be strengthened to ensure compliance.

Influence of Stakeholder Engagement on Sustainability of Donor Funded Projects in the Health Sector in Kenya

Purpose: The study sought to find out the influence of stakeholder engagement on the sustainability of donor funded projects in the health sector in Kenya.
 Methodology: This study used a mixed method research design where both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, then analyzed, and conclusions drawn. The research design used was explanatory. The target population was 700 employees drawn from various stakeholders in the health sector. The study adopted stratified, purposive, and simple random sampling techniques to select a sample of 230 respondents. The study used questionnaires to collect primary data. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were computed. The data was presented using Tables.
 Findings: The study found out that there exists a relationship between stakeholder engagement and sustainability of donor funded projects in the health sector in Kenya. The statistical results of coefficients showed that the legal and regulatory framework moderates the relationship between stakeholder engagement and sustainability of donor funded projects in the health sector in Kenya. The study therefore concludes that an improvement in stakeholder engagement will lead to an improvement in sustainability of donor funded projects in the health sector in Kenya.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study was anchored on Ladder of Participation Model. The study therefore recommends that the health sector in Kenya should work towards strengthening the frameworks for stakeholder engagement in the health-related projects if sustainability of the projects must be attained. There is great need to review and ensure stakeholder relationship management, stakeholder participation in decision making of key activities as well as ensure avenues to enable stakeholders actively participate in project activities across the entire project life cycle. The study recommends stakeholder mapping to be done based on meritocracy. The study recommends that the legal and regulatory framework around the stakeholder engagement should be strengthened to ensure compliance.

Influence Of Collaborative Stakeholder Engagement On Industrial Harmony In The Devolved Public Health Sector In Kenya

The health sector in any country is the greatest pillar of wealth generation. The life of citizens and by extension the economy depends largely on an effective and efficient health care system. A harmonious workplace that guarantees satisfaction of workers and employers aspirations is essential for enhanced services provision in the public health sector. Industrial harmony comprises of industrial democracy, employee loyalty, and shared vision. Since devolution of healthcare services in 2013, the Kenyan devolved public health sector has been affected by frequent short and often localized health workers’ industrial actions. The dilemma of the right of employees to industrial action and the citizens’ right to health care are two delicate and conflicting constitutional provisions that continue to elude policy and legislative environment. Industrial action is a protected right that every employee enjoys, however, there is need for a balance between the protection of these rights and the need to guarantee essential public services in order to safeguard citizens and their well-being. This study sought to determine the influence of collaborative stakeholder engagement on industrial harmony in the devolved public health sector in Kenya. The study used pragmatic research paradigm. The study research design was mixed methods research methodology. The study population was 3,355 medical workers in level 5 county referral hospitals, in the Central Economic Regional Bloc (CEREB). The study selected 351 respondents using stratified random sampling. In addition, 10 medical superintendents, 10 secretary generals from KMPDU and 10 from KNUN respectively were selected for participation in the study through purposive sampling. Data was collected using questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis involved both qualitative and quantitative analysis. Qualitative data collected through interview guide was analyzed using content analysis technique. Quantitative data collected using the questionnaire was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics comprised means and standard deviation while inferential statistics comprised simple linear regression to depict the relationship between the study independent variables and the dependent variable. The study established that collaborative stakeholder engagement had a positive and significant influence on industrial harmony (=.925, p-value=.000). The study concluded that collaborative stakeholder engagement enhances industrial harmony. The study recommends the expansion of communication/information sharing system so that workers can channel their issues without being victimized as well as establishment of effective internal dispute resolution mechanisms. The devolved healthcare facilities also need to build trust among healthcare workers by being considerate of their work welfare as well as involving them in policy formulation exercises.

Nexus between Employees Involvement in Decision Making and Industrial Harmony in the Devolved Public Health Sector in Kenya

Nexus between Employees Involvement in Decision Making and Industrial Harmony in the Devolved Public Health Sector in Kenya

Examining the influence of health sector coordination on the efficiency of county health systems in Kenya

BackgroundHealth systems are complex, consisting of multiple interacting structures and actors whose effective coordination is paramount to enhancing health system goals. Health sector coordination is a potential source of inefficiency in the health sector. We examined how the coordination of the health sector affects health system efficiency in Kenya.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative cross-sectional study, collecting data at the national level and in two purposely selected counties in Kenya. We collected data using in-depth interviews (n = 37) with national and county-level respondents, and document reviews. We analyzed the data using a thematic approach.ResultsThe study found that while formal coordination structures exist in the Kenyan health system, duplication, fragmentation, and misalignment of health system functions and actor actions compromise the coordination of the health sector. These challenges were observed in both vertical (coordination within the ministry of health, within the county departments of health, and between the national ministry of health and the county department of health) and horizontal coordination mechanisms (coordination between the ministry of health or the county department of health and non-state partners, and coordination among county governments). These coordination challenges are likely to impact the efficiency of the Kenyan health system by increasing the transaction costs of health system functions. Inadequate coordination also impairs the implementation of health programmes and hence compromises health system performance.ConclusionThe efficiency of the Kenyan health system could be enhanced by strengthening the coordination of the Kenyan health sector. This can be achieved by aligning and harmonizing the intergovernmental and health sector-specific coordination mechanisms, strengthening the implementation of the Kenya health sector coordination framework at the county level, and enhancing donor coordination through common funding arrangements and integrating vertical disease programs with the rest of the health system. The ministry of health and county departments of health should also review internal organizational structures to enhance functional and role clarity of organizational units and staff, respectively. Finally, counties should consider initiating health sector coordination mechanisms between counties to reduce the fragmentation of health system functions across neighboring counties.

Operational Capacity of County Governments to Plan on Performance of Devolved Health Sector in Kenya

In Kenya, devolution of health services has resulted in the decentralization of many health services from the national government to local governments in order to improve the health of citizens. Despite political support of such a system and initiatives to increase devolution, the performance of the devolved health sector in Kenya has not improved as expected. The was meant to determine how citizen participation influence organizational performance of devolved health care sector in Kenya. The current study utilized cross-sectional research design because it involved the collection of data in 47 counties across the country and focused on several selected officials who gave information regarding governance factors influencing devolved health care sector in Kenya. Since the study utilized census sampling, the 47 county referral hospitals were targeted. Further purposive sampling was used to arrive at the 188 selected respondents who became the sample size of the study. Descriptive statistics was used to outline the fundamental characteristics regarding the collected information in the research. The study combined the elements of both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection. The primary data was collected using questionnaires whose content was appropriate to test the hypothesis and address the research questions. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) data analysis software package was employed to examine the quantitative data using the descriptive statistics. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) table techniques and beta coefficient tables were utilized in the presentation of regression analysis outcomes. The findings of the study revealed that operational capacity of county governments to plan and management transparency had positive significant relationship with organizational performance of devolved health care sector. The findings suggest that there is need for the health care sector function to be devolved to the counties to allow for more citizen inclusivity in decision making, timely response to health care needs and government planning.

Internal appraisal and performance of national non-governmental organizations in the health sector in Kenya

The purpose of this study was to establish the influence of internal appraisal on the organizational performance of national health non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Kenya. The study utilized positivism research philosophy and cross-sectional research design. The target population constituted 564 program directors and chief executive officers (CEOs) of 282 national NGOs registered with the NGO coordination board. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select a sample size of234, of which 227 responded to the questionnaire. Structured questionnaire was used for data collection, while descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used for data analysis.
 Structural equation modelling (SEM) was applied to test the study hypothesis. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) Version 26 and Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) version 26 software were used for the analysis. The findings showed that the national health NGOs engaged in internal appraisal of leadership (M = 3.48, SD = 0.407), project development (M = 3.22, SD = 0.365) and funding (M = 3.20, SD = 0.397). In addition, it was established that conducting internal appraisal has a significant positive influence on the organizational performance of national health NGOs in Kenya(mn= 0.41,$ = 0.643,km = 6.578, 9 < 0.05). The study concluded that conducting internal appraisal is essential to enable national health NGOs in Kenya to accomplish their organizational performance objectives. This paper makes recommendations to the national health NGOs to regularly appraise internal strategic elements and continually analyze their organizations’ capacity to take advantage of current opportunities while mitigating threats.

Structural equation modeling of the relationship between external analysis and performance of national non-governmental organizations in the health sector of Kenya

The primary purpose of this study was to apply structural equation modeling (SEM) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to establish the relationship between external analysis of micro factors and the performance of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the health sector of Kenya. The study utilized a descriptive cross-sectional research design and a positivist research philosophy. The study’s target population was 564 program directors and chief executive officers (CEOs) from 282 nationalNGOs in the health sector registered with the NGO coordination board. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample size of 234 program directors and CEOs who were selected using a stratified random sampling procedure. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (percentages, frequencies, means, and standard deviations) and inferential statistical methods (CFA and SEM). Data analysis was aided by Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) Version 26 and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 26. The outcomes of the study revealed that conducting external analysis of micro factors had a significant influence on the performance of national NGOs in the health sector in Kenya (β = 0.559, CR = 4.642, p< 0.05). According to the findings, external analysis of the task environment is essential for national NGOs in the health sector in Kenya to achieve their organizational performance goals. The study has implications for national NGOs in the health sector to routinely analyze the task environment to ensure that all micro factors are aligned to the strategies of the organization and thus enhance organizational performance.

Strategic Options and Performance of National Non-Governmental Organizations in the Health Sector in Kenya

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the health sector help achieve national health objectives by delivering local health services. However, diminishing organization performance impacts their work and overall social impact. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of strategic options on the performance of health NGOs in Kenya. The study was grounded on contingency theory and it utilized positivistic research philosophy and cross-sectional research design. The target population of the study was 564 chief executive officers (CEOs) and program directors of 282 national NGOs registered with the NGO coordination board. A sample size of 234 was selected using a random stratified sampling technique that involved 8 regions as strata. Data collection was through a structured questionnaire, while inferential (confirmatory factor analysis – CFA, and structural equation modelling – SEM) and descriptive statistical techniques (frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations) were used for data analysis. SPSS Version 26 and Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) version 26 software were used for the analysis. The study findings established that strategic options have a significant positive influence on organization performance among national health NGOs in Kenya (r squared = 0.57, beta = 0.756, CR = 7.446, p < 0.05). The study concludes that selecting the strategic option that aligns with the organization’s context is essential for the organization performance of national health NGOs in Kenya. The study recommends that senior management of national health NGOs should critically consider the three generic strategies of cost leadership, focus and differentiation and select the one that aligns with their contexts to attain their organization performance objectives.

Participatory Engagement as a Governance Factor Influencing Performance of Devolved Health Care in Kenya

The purpose of devolving the sector was to give county governments the freedom to create novel models and interventions that were tailored to the specific health needs of their communities, to promote effective citizen participation, and to make independent, prompt decisions regarding potential problems with resource mobilization and management. However, the sector is today plagued by enormous problems including capacity gaps, human resource shortages, a lack of vital institutional and legal infrastructure, widespread corruption, and a tense relationship with the federal government. Overall, these issues have caused healthcare to stagnate and even reverse certain improvements, as measured by health indices. Without a question, adequate institutionalization is required to assure good governance and effective public participation in a rights-based approach to health service delivery. The objective of the study was to determine how citizen participation as a governance factor influences organizational performance of devolved health care sector in Kenya. Responsiveness by the county government was used as the moderating variable of the study. The current study utilized descriptive research design and involved cross-sectional collection of data in 47 counties across the country focusing on a number of selected officials who gave information regarding governance factors influencing devolved health care sector in Kenya.Since the study utilized census sampling, the 47 county referral hospitals were targeted. Further purposive sampling was used to arrive at the 188 selected respondents who became the sample size of the study. The study combined the elements of both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection. Descriptive statistics was used to outline the fundamental characteristics regarding the collected information in the research. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)table techniques and beta coefficient tables were utilized in the presentation of regression analysis outcomes. The findings of the study revealed that participatory engagement of citizens had positive significant relationship with organizational performance of devolved health care sector. Moreover, with the inclusion of responsiveness by county governments the moderating effect on participatory engagement variable was found to be significant on the organizational performance of devolved health care sector. The study recommends that there is need for the health care sector function to be devolved to the counties to allow for more budgetary allocations, citizen inclusivity in decision making, timely response to health care needs, government planning and interventions and management accountability and transparency. The study also recommends further research on the challenges to involve citizens inthe successful execution of devolved health sector in Kenya. Education should be put as a requirement of participatory processes, since the public needs to be educated to participate in matters regarding health care. Policy makers are also recommended to encourage participatory engagement of citizens as this would provide necessary feedback on what is working and not in order to promote service delivery.

MANAGEMENT MODEL TO MEASURE AND EVALUATE PHYSICIANS DUAL PRACTICE (DP)

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a Management model that can measure and evaluate physicians Dual Practice in the Kenyan health sector.
 Methodology: The paper adopted a desk top research design. The design involves a review of existing studies relating to the research topic. Desk top research is usually considered as a low cost technique compared to other research designs (Beal et al., 2012). In this case, the researcher collected information relating to physicians Dual Practice.
 Results: Based on past literature, the study concluded that several factors are vital in influencing physicians having Dual Practice. These factors included; infrastructure, working environment, doctor’s promotion and income level. The cost/value of DP was also highlighted as an important determinant. Further, the study concluded that legal framework has a significant moderating influence on physicians having Dual Practice. In addition, the study concluded that the level of physicians’ satisfaction determined their tendency to engage in Dual Practice.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Based on the findings, the study recommended the need for stakeholders in the health sector to understand the concept of Dual Practice. In particular, there is need to understand the causes and implications of Dual Practice. The study also recommended the need to develop a management model that can measure and evaluate physicians Dual Practice. It is not advisable to completely ban Dual Practice since it has some positive impact. At the same time, excessive Dual Practice can be counterproductive and could be a threat to the efficiency, quality and equity of health services, especially in the public sector. Hence, the need to develop a management approach and management model that can ensure improved cost-benefit of physicians having Dual Practice.

Work Life Integration and Employee Engagement in the Public Health Sector in Kenya: The Moderating Influence of Organizational Culture

Work Life Integration and Employee Engagement in the Public Health Sector in Kenya: The Moderating Influence of Organizational Culture

FAIR Equivalency, Regulatory Framework and Adoption Potential of FAIR Guidelines in Health in Kenya

AbstractThis study explored the regulatory framework in Kenya that may facilitate the implementation of the FAIR Guidelines in health research, as well as the possibility of adopting the FAIR Guidelines at the national level. Fourteen key documents pivotal to the emerging digital health sector in Kenya were identified and analysed using a comprehensive coding and labelling approach based on a binary system for whether or not they mention the FAIR Guidelines or terms and vocabulary related to the FAIR Guidelines. The analysis revealed gaps in data stewardship that could be filled by the implementation of the FAIR Guidelines and, although the documents analysed do not explicitly mention the FAIR Guidelines, FAIR Equivalent terminology and practices are mentioned in varying detail. However, our analysis shows that there are still no provisions for the introduction and implementation of the FAIR Guidelines in health research in Kenya. Therefore, we recommend that the leadership be provided with a comprehensive introduction to the FAIR Guidelines, success stories about the FAIRification of data and research infrastructure in other parts of the world, and a demonstration of the steps needed for the FAIRification of health data in Kenya.

CHANGE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND PERFORMANCE OF HEALTH SECTOR IN KENYA: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

A number of change management strategies have been continually adopted by the organizations in the health sector due to the ever-changing demands of its clients and other external forces that are affecting their performance. Due to this, the Kenyan government, through the presidential taskforce on reforms, devised a number of reforms and transformation strategies to improve the performance of its ministries. Despite numerous efforts to improve service delivery, Kenya’s Ministry of Health performance has not been to the expectations due to changes posed by the demands the ever changing demands of its customers together with external factors that demand for frequent response. Therefore, this study seeks to investigate the influence of change management practices on the performance of Health Sector in Kenya. The study specifically examined the influence of technology adoption strategic leadership, training and development and continuous improvement on performance of health sector in Kenya. The study was guided by the Kurt Lewin’s model and Kotter’s eight step model. The paper highlight the empirical review the covers empirical studies that were done by various scholars in relation to the current study objectives.