Health Sciences Jamshoro Research Articles

Frequency of Morbidly Adherent Placenta in Previous Scar

OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency of different types of morbidly adherent placenta in womanpresenting history of previous scar.METHODOLOGY: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2016 to June2017 at Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Indus Medical College Hospital Tando MuhammadKhan & Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences Jamshoro. A total of 205 patients with agewomen between 15 to 49 years, with having pregnancy of 04 to 36 weeks, alive singleton fetus, history ofprevious surgery like Caesarean Section, myomectomy, hysterotomy and associated placenta praeviawere included. Patients with history of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), dilatation and curettage (D&C)and intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) insertion, placenta abruption and primigravida wereexcluded. Mean+SD, frequencies & percentages were calculated. Chi-square test was used as a test ofsignificance with a P value <0.05.RESULTS: Around 45.4% (n=93) women had scar due to previous caesarean section. Morbidly adherentplacenta was found positive among 9.76% (n=20) women. Frequency of Placenta accreta vera was 1.5%(n = 3), Placenta increta was 6.76% (n = 14) and Placenta percreta was 1.5% (n=3). Stratified analysisfound that risk of Morbidly adherent placenta (MAP) elevated with the increasing age, second trimester,high parity, having previous caesarean section & shorter the duration of scar.CONCLUSION: Morbidly adherent placenta is not a very uncommon condition. Its frequency is ten timesmore among women who had previous history of scar. Hence, the previous scared uterus and shorterduration increased further risk for all three types of morbidly adherent placenta.

Training workshop on performance-based assessment: feedback of the participants faculty

Background: Performance-based assessment (PBA) concentrate on “Does” level of Miller’s Triangle Model of assessment and assess the ability of healthcare professionals to practice safely in different situations and context. It is essential to train faculty members how to conduct PBA. &#x0D; Methods: One-day training workshop on PBA was organized at Liaquat Uni­versity of Medical &amp; Health Sciences Jamshoro, Sindh Pakistan in November 08, 2017 with objective “participants learn to apply PBA tools in practice”. There were two sessions of training; session one covered basics, levels and tools of assessment and blueprinting for assessment and session two PBA and its tools. Tutorial, brainstorming and activity based small group work were methods utilized for the training. Feedback of the participants was taken on semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was done using SPSS. &#x0D; Results: Twenty-two participants selected from basic, clinical, and dental sciences and nursing faculty. The participants rated workshop on scale of 1-10 (1=poor, 10=excellent) for usefulness of training (8.64 ± 1.62), content of training (8.27 ± 1.52), relevance of training &amp; content (8.59 ± 1.40), facilitation of training (8.77 ± 1.34) and overall (8.77 ± 1.38). After training participants were very confident in developing blueprint for assessment (3.91±0.61), using mini-CEX (3.64±0.58), and confident using DOPS (3.63±0.73), MSF (3.55±0.74) and Portfolio (3.68±0.84). More than one third of the partici­pants recommended to arrange more training workshop on different aspects of medical education. &#x0D; Conclusions: It was observed from feedback that participants realize the importance of PBA training and stress to have trainings for various aspects of health profession education.

Effect of Body Mass Index on respiratory parameters: A cross-sectional analytical Study.

Objective:To assess association of Body mass index (BMI) on respiratory parameters by performing spirometry in apparently healthy adults living in the district Jamshoro and Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan.Methods:A cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Physiology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro, Pakistan from January to September 2015. A total of 180 underweight, normal, overweight and obese participants, aged between 18 to 40 years were included in the study. BMI was calculated by measuring weight and height by BMI scale (RGZ-160) in standing position. Pulmonary parameters were determined by spirometry on Power lab (AD instruments). Pulmonary parameters were compared between subjects in different categories of BMI.Results:Mean age of participants was 21.83±5.88 years and the mean BMI was 25.10±6.55 kg/m2. The study results revealed that except for FVC, which was not statistically significant (p=0.45) all other respiratory parameters were significantly different (p≤0.05) in all BMI categories. Mean FEV1/FVC ratio (93.1 vs. 90.3, 86.4 and 86.6 respectively) was highest among underweight as compared to overweight, obese and normal weight individuals. The mean VT was 1.22 vs. 0.90, 1.01 and 0.84 respectively, IRV was 1.04 vs. 1.18, 1.23 and 1.20 respectively, IC was 2.26 vs. 2.08, 2.25 and 2.05 respectively, VC was 2.63 vs. 2.42, 2.54 and 2.54 respectively, TLC was 2.98 vs. 3.03 vs. 3.18 and 3.17 respectively among underweight, overweight, obese and normal weight participants.Conclusion:We found a significant association between body mass index and pulmonary function parameters. Obesity causes detrimental effects on respiratory system.

SERUM VITAMIN D LEVEL IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS

Objective: To find out serum vitamin D levels in type 2 DM patients in Hyderabad.Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Private clinics, OPDs of government hospitals likeQasimabad, Latifabad and Pretabad. Duration: January to July 2013. Patients and Methods:Total 550 patients were selected, 450 patients (250 males and 200 females) taken from differentOPDs of Hyderabad and towns or Tehsils with diagnosis of type 2 Diabetes mellitus andanother 100 patients were taken as control (60 males and 40 females). The mean age was45.6 years. The written consent was obtained and demographic features were noted, 3cc ofblood was taken for estimation of vitamin D levels. The level of vitamin D was done on anElectrochemiluminescence Immuno Assay (ECLIA) at Diagnostic &amp; Research laboratory LiaquatUniversity of Medical &amp;Health sciences (LUMHS) Jamshoro, Sind. Results and Observations:Out of 550, 450 diabetic subjects tested for vitamin D, females were 44.4%and 55.5% weremales. The deficiency was seen in 33.7% patients (p &lt;0.04) and Vitamin D insufficiency wasobserved in20% in both sex. In control group, the deficiency was observed in 23% in femalesand 20% in males while insufficiency noted in 5% in both sex. Conclusions: The study showedsignificant decreased levels of vitamin D in type 2 Diabetic subjects than normal individuals. Thevitamin D deficiency increased considerably in females with diabetes type 2.

Maternal exposure to Bisphenol‐A Induces Epigenetic Changes in metabolic syndrome markers of Offspring

Environmental factors exert significant effects of on disease progression later in the life, when exposed in‐utero. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a monomer of plastic products widely used in everyday life. BPA shows hormone mimicking properties, and its adverse effects on endocrine glands and hormones may affect developmental embryology of offspring. Bisphenol A may possibly have an epigenetic role in onset and progression of several adult diseases related to metabolic system. To determine the epigenetic effects of in‐utero Bisphenol A on markers related to metabolic syndrome in mice offspring. This study was conducted at department of Anatomy Liaquat University of Medical &amp; Health Sciences Jamshoro and Animal house of Sindh Agriculture University Tando Jam Pakistan after Ethical approval. Adult female BALB/c strains mice were divided in three groups each comprised of 10 female mice– G1 (controls), G2 (ethanol 0.10 ml i.p) and G3 (BPA 10 mg i.p). Animals were housed individually in polypropylene cages, in standard lighting, controlled temperature and humidity conditions. Control group was fed ad libitum. After mating, the positive vaginal plug was checked to confirm pregnancy. Offspring body weight, behavior, movement, blood glucose; serum insulin, cholesterol and HDLc were measured at 5 months age and at 15 months age before sacrifice of animals. Pancreas, kidney, adipose tissue and uterine tissue were stained with H &amp; E staining and Immunohistochemistry and examined under microscopy. Data was analyzed on SPSS 22.0 (at 95% confidence interval). Offspring of group G3 reveals abnormal changes in behavior and movement. Body weight, blood glucose, serum insulin, cholesterol and HDLc were high compared to controls (P=0.0001). Islets of Lanherghan's, Kidney and Uterine tissue reveals abnormal anatomical changes with anti‐ Islet‐1 Ig, Ksp cadherin, and anti‐ MLH antibody respectively. In utero exposure of endocrine disruptor Bisphenol A exerts Diabetogenic and Atherogenic effects with abnormal immunohistochemistry changes in endocrine pancreas, kidney and uterus.Support or Funding InformationThis study was funded by Liaquat University of Medical &amp; Health Sciences, Jamshoro, PakistanThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Determine the Effectiveness of Low Dose Tamsulosin as a Medical Expulsive Therapy in Patients with Lower Ureteric Stones

Introduction: The human ureter contains a high number of α-adrenergic receptors, especially α1d -receptors at the lower part of the ureter. Tamsulosin is a combined α1a- and α1d- selective adrenergic antagonist that is an alternative to other medications, such as calcium channel blockers, corticosteroids, and analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs, for the treatment of distal ureteric stones. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of low dose tamsulosin as a medical expulsive therapy in patients with lower ureteric stones. Setting: Department of Urology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro. Study design: Randomized controlled trial.Duration of study: 6 months Subjects and methods: All patients with either gender, age range 30-60 years and stone size 4-10 mm in the lower 1/3rd of the ureter determined on ultrasound were enrolled. Group A patients was offered low dose tamsulosin (0.2 mg) one tablet daily in the morning for a maximum of 4 weeks and group B served as control. The final outcome was measured at the end of 4th week of treatment. Patients were instructed to note the time and the date of expulsion of stone. Absence of echoic shadows on lower 1/3rd of ureteric line on ultrasound was taken as effectiveness (expulsion of stone). Results: In control group mean age was 45.52 ± 6.70 years whereas in low dose Tamsulin mean age was 46.72 ± 6.73 years. Frequency of male was higher in both control and low dose Tamsulin group, i.e. 39 (78%) and 21 (42%) respectively. In control group effectiveness was found 3 (6%) patients whereas in low dose Tamsulin group effectiveness was found in 47 (94%). Conclusion: In our study the effectiveness of low dose tamsulosin as a medical expulsive therapy in patients with lower ureteric stones was higher as compared to control.

Prevalence of Hyperlipidemia in Adult Stroke Patient at Liaquat University Hospital Jamshoro, Sindh

Stroke is most frequently found neurological problem with very high mortality & morbidity. It is common in Pakistani population. Hyperlipidemia is a potent risk factor for ischemic stroke. OBJECTIVE: To observe the prevalence of hyperlipidemia in adult stroke patients and its comparison with patients of stroke without hyperlipidemia. METHODS: Cross sectional descriptive study conducted in Medical wards of Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro / Hyderabad from June 2007 to November 2007. RESULTS: Out of 100 patients 67 were males & 33 were females with mean age of 55.48 years. 71% had cerebral infarction and 29% had cerebral hemorrhage. Twenty patients had ischemic stroke because of dyslipidemia, while all patients with hemorrhagic stroke had normal lipid profile. Other important risk factors were hypertension 50 %, diabetes 30% and cigarettes smoking 10%. CONCLUSION: Hyperlipidemia is strongly related with ischemic stroke. Proper awareness and treatment of dyslipidemia is required for both primary & secondary prevention of stroke.

DIATHERMY HAEMORRHOIDECTOMY

Objectives: Hemorrhoids is a common ano-rectal disorder, and heamorridectomyis universally accepted procedure. Haemorrhoidectomy can be carried out under severalmodes of anesthesia. Local anesthetic produce a loss of sensation and muscle paralysis ina circumscribed area of body by localized effect on peripheral nerve endings. The aim ofthis study is determine long term and short term outcome of diathermy haemorrhoidectomyunder local anesthesia, in term of early recovery, hospital stay, postoperative pain, bleedingand recurrence. Study Design: Cross sectional, descriptive case series study. Period: 24-02-2014 to 24-02-2015. Setting: Department of General Surgery, Liaquat University of Medicaland Health Sciences Jamshoro / Hyderabad. Method: 50 patients of haemorrhoidectomy. Allpatients of III and IV degree hemorrhoids, which are fit for surgery were included whereasthose patients who had previous anal surgery, co-existing disease i.e. Crohn’s disease, chronicdiarrhea illness, malignancy of anal region, hyper sensitivity to local anesthetics were excludedfrom the study. Data was collected and analyzed in SPSS version 20.0. Results: A total of 50patients of haemorrhoidectomy were included. The mean operative time was 15.04 minutes (n= 50). 9(18.0%, n = 50) patients had the complaint of pain, 15(30.0%, n = 50) patients haditching around anus. Postoperatively 9(18.0%, n = 50) patients got pain relief within one week,no post operative bleeding was observed within the one week. Two patients (4.0%, n = 50) hadtemporary incontinences infection. Only 1(2.0%, n = 50) patient developed anal stenosis withinthe long term period of one month to 1 year. Conclusion: Diathermy hemorrhoidectomy underlocal anesthesia feasible, safe and well tolerated by our environment and population.

English

Objectives: Hemorrhoids is a common ano-rectal disorder, and heamorridectomyis universally accepted procedure. Haemorrhoidectomy can be carried out under severalmodes of anesthesia. Local anesthetic produce a loss of sensation and muscle paralysis ina circumscribed area of body by localized effect on peripheral nerve endings. The aim ofthis study is determine long term and short term outcome of diathermy haemorrhoidectomyunder local anesthesia, in term of early recovery, hospital stay, postoperative pain, bleedingand recurrence. Study Design: Cross sectional, descriptive case series study. Period: 24-02-2014 to 24-02-2015. Setting: Department of General Surgery, Liaquat University of Medicaland Health Sciences Jamshoro / Hyderabad. Method: 50 patients of haemorrhoidectomy. Allpatients of III and IV degree hemorrhoids, which are fit for surgery were included whereasthose patients who had previous anal surgery, co-existing disease i.e. Crohn’s disease, chronicdiarrhea illness, malignancy of anal region, hyper sensitivity to local anesthetics were excludedfrom the study. Data was collected and analyzed in SPSS version 20.0. Results: A total of 50patients of haemorrhoidectomy were included. The mean operative time was 15.04 minutes (n= 50). 9(18.0%, n = 50) patients had the complaint of pain, 15(30.0%, n = 50) patients haditching around anus. Postoperatively 9(18.0%, n = 50) patients got pain relief within one week,no post operative bleeding was observed within the one week. Two patients (4.0%, n = 50) hadtemporary incontinences infection. Only 1(2.0%, n = 50) patient developed anal stenosis withinthe long term period of one month to 1 year. Conclusion: Diathermy hemorrhoidectomy underlocal anesthesia feasible, safe and well tolerated by our environment and population.

KNOWLEDGE OF MEDICAL, DENTAL AND NURSING STUDENTS OF FIRST YEAR REGARDING HEPATITIS B AT A PUBLIC SECTOR MEDICAL UNIVERSITY.

Objectives: To assess the knowledge about hepatitis B and to determine the common sources of seeking information regarding hepatitis B amongst the medical, dental and nursing students of first year at Liaquat Universityof Medical Health Sciences Jamshoro Sindh Pakistan.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted amongst the first year students of medical, dental and nursing at Liaquat University of Medical Health Sciences Jamshoro. The total respondents assessed in study were450. Data were collected when the student came up for administration of Hepatitis B vaccination in the Department of Community Medicine. Data were analyzed by using SPSS software and descriptive analysis was carriedout.Results: This study revealed that 89.55% of the study participants had heard about hepatitis B. Out of which57.77% knew that virus was a cause of hepatitis B. Their knowledge about various factors related with hepatitis Bwas as under: 20.8% knew mother to child transmission, 22.6% had idea of unsafe blood transfusion as a riskfactor, 22% knew reused needles and unsafe sex as risk factors. Seventy six percent were aware of vaccinationagainst hepatitis B, 27.11% had idea of hepatitis B vaccine dose, 4.44% said that the vaccine provided immunityfor 10 to 15 years. The most common source of information was TV.We observed significant difference in the knowledge about hepatitis B among students of the different faculties.Conclusion: This study reflects that the knowledge regarding Hepatitis B was assessed very low among the students incoming in the medical, dental and nursing profession. There is over all need of public health awarenessregarding this very crucial healthKey Words: Knowledge ,Hepatitis B, Unsafe blood transfusion, Liaquat University of Medical health SciencesJamshoro.

AO EXTERNAL FIXATOR

Objectives: To appraise effectiveness of AO external fixator, a treatment methodfor open diaphseal tibial fractures (type II, IIIA). Methods: Study Design: Cross sectional study.Setting: Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology (DOST) Liaquat University ofMedical &amp; Health Sciences Jamshoro. Period: Two year from 2009 to 2011. Total 40 cases ofopen tibia fracture had selected all the cases with fresh open diaphyseal fractures of tibia andpatient arriving within one week injury. And Grade II, IIIA had included. All the cases associatedwith head injury or abdominal injury, diabetic mellitus and liver or kidney disease had excluded.Results: Total 40 cases of open diaphyseal fracture of tibia were selected in this study basedon inclusion criteria. The mean age was 33.1 + 10.27 years. Out of 40 cases, 36(90.0%) weremale. Majority of patients of RTA were injured due to motorcycle accidents 24(60.0%). Mean ofunion time was 18.1 + 3.72 weeks. Wound became infected in 5(12.5%) cases, 5.0%, n = 40)were seen with late union, screw sites infection found in 5.0% cases, Knee stiffness was foundin 10.0% cases, six 15.0% patients developed pain during walking. Conclusion: AO fixationis very safe, insignificant intrusive, get short surgical time, following by hospital duration, lowinfection rate and can be utilized as unequivocal and effective administration of open tibialfractures.

English

Objectives: To appraise effectiveness of AO external fixator, a treatment methodfor open diaphseal tibial fractures (type II, IIIA). Methods: Study Design: Cross sectional study.Setting: Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology (DOST) Liaquat University ofMedical &amp; Health Sciences Jamshoro. Period: Two year from 2009 to 2011. Total 40 cases ofopen tibia fracture had selected all the cases with fresh open diaphyseal fractures of tibia andpatient arriving within one week injury. And Grade II, IIIA had included. All the cases associatedwith head injury or abdominal injury, diabetic mellitus and liver or kidney disease had excluded.Results: Total 40 cases of open diaphyseal fracture of tibia were selected in this study basedon inclusion criteria. The mean age was 33.1 + 10.27 years. Out of 40 cases, 36(90.0%) weremale. Majority of patients of RTA were injured due to motorcycle accidents 24(60.0%). Mean ofunion time was 18.1 + 3.72 weeks. Wound became infected in 5(12.5%) cases, 5.0%, n = 40)were seen with late union, screw sites infection found in 5.0% cases, Knee stiffness was foundin 10.0% cases, six 15.0% patients developed pain during walking. Conclusion: AO fixationis very safe, insignificant intrusive, get short surgical time, following by hospital duration, lowinfection rate and can be utilized as unequivocal and effective administration of open tibialfractures.

Iron deficiency anaemia is still a major killer of pregnant women

Objective:To observe the effects of iron deficiency anaemia on the health and life of pregnant women.Methods:This cross sectional study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit IV, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro from 1st June 2015 to 30th November 2015, for the period of 6 months. During this study period all the pregnant women from 13-40 weeks of pregnancy with iron deficiency anaemia having haemoglobin level less than 9 gram% were included, while the pregnant women with other medical disorders were excluded from the study. The data was collected and analyzed on SPSS version 21.Result:Out of the 305 pregnant registered women with iron deficiency anaemia most women were young 170(55.73%) between 20-30 years, belonged to low socioeconomic group 254(83.27%), they were multiparous 104(34.09%), having very low haemoglobin level between 1-3 gram % in 54(17.70%) women and between 4-6gram% in162 (53.11%) women. These women were prone to high complications such as ante partum haemorrhage 49(16.06%), renal failure 48(15.73%), disseminated intravascular coagulation 54(17.70%) and 16(5.24%) women died.Conclusion:Iron deficiency anaemia is common in pregnant women with higher rates of complications.

English

4 ORIGINAL PROF-2949 ABSTRACT… Cardiovascular system diseases are playing the outstanding role in the cause of morbidity and mortality in dialysis patients. Left ventricular hypertrophy is one of the universal structural abnormalities in patients on regular dialysis. Objective: The target of the study was to search out the frequency of left ventricular hypertrophy in end stage renal disease patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Study design: Single center case-series study. Setting: Department of Nephro-Urology, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences Jamshoro. Period: Begin from 1 st March, 2013 to 30 th August 2013. Results: Total numbers of patients were seventy three. Thirty three patients were male and 40 were female. Mean age of the patients was 44.19 years. High blood pressure was the most typical cause of nephropathy that is as certain in twenty 9(39.7%) cases pursue by Diabetes and Chronic Glomerulonephritis in twenty (27.4%) in each, renal stone in four (5.5%), unresolved acute renal failure four(5.5%) and Chronic Tubulointerstitial nephritis in two(2.7%) patients. Left ventricular hypertrophy was ascertained in nineteen (26%) patients. Conclusion: Our study concedes the high frequency of left ventricular hypertrophy in dialysis patients.

DRUG INDUCED HEPATITIS

Aims and Objectives: We evaluated whether HBV +ve and HCV +ve patients areat high risk for developing drug induced hepatitis than control subjects during treatment fortuberculosis with standard short course regimens. Study design: Observational cohort study.Place and duration: This study was conducted at Department of Medicine, Liaquat University ofMedical and Health Sciences Jamshoro from May 2008 to May 2011. Material and Methods: Allnewly diagnosed active tuberculosis patients were included in the study population and theywere further screened for hepatitis B surface antigen and HCV antibodies. All patients weredivided into three groups. One having no co-infection with hepatitis B and Hepatitis C and wastaken as control group, second group was co-infected with hepatitis B and third was co-infectedwith hepatitis C. short course anti tuberculous regimen was started and patients were followed forsix months. Results: One hundred and twenty eight tuberculous patients were divided into threegroups. 92 in control groups without any co-infection with hepatitis B and C, 10 were HBV +veand 26 were HCV +ve. During follow up 24 developed drug induced hepatitis, 8(38.33%, n = 24)in control group, 2(8.33%, n = 24) in hepatitis B group and 14(58.33%, n = 24) in hepatitis Cgroup. Conclusions: These findings suggest that treatment for tuberculosis in HCV seropositivepatients is a risk factor for the development of hepatitis exacerbation and HBV seropositivepatients shows no any increased risk of hepatitis exacerbation.

EXCESSIVE CALCIFICATION OF PLACENTA;

Objective: To examine the morphological change due to excessive calcification of placenta of pregnancies complicated bypregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) and placental Abruption and its relation with fetal outcome. Study design: Case control type ofstudy. Place and duration: This study was conducted from June 2008 to July 2009 at the department of Anatomy of Liaquat University ofMedical &amp; Health Sciences Jamshoro. Material and Methods: One hundred twenty placentae were collected from labor room andgynecology operation theatre of Liaquat University Hospital. Forty placentae from parturients that had pregnancy induced hypertension(PIH), forty from parturient having placental abruption &amp; forty placentae of normal pregnancy (Control Group). Age of all parturients isbetween 17 to 32 years. Fetal outcome and data was recorded. Weight and diameter of Placentae were measured. Approximately five cmpiece of placenta was taken and processed for histological study. Results: The weight of placenta in control group were 450 to 650 gmwith a mean weight of 526.25± 8.414 gm and their diameter from 19 to 24 cm with a mean of 21.225±0.2148cm. In PIH group weight ofplacenta was from 200 to 550gm with a mean weight of 432.25 ± 11.889gm and their diameter ranges from 10 to 16cms with amean14.208 ± 0.1914cm. In placental abruption group the weight of placenta ranges from 180 to 400 gm with a mean weight of 284.88±9.084 gms and diameter ranges from 10 to 14cms with mean 13.070 ± 0.2504 cm. The difference in weight and diameter of placentain PIH and abruptio placentae was found statistically significant when compared with weight and diameter of normal placentae. Theweight of new born babies in control group was 1.8 kg to 3.6 kg mean weight of 2.790± 0.0689kg. In PIH group, the fetal weight was 1.4kg to 3.0 kg with a mean weight of 2.195 ±0.0703kg. In abruptio placentae group, the weight of new born baby ranges from 1.0 kg to2.8kg with a mean weight of 1.898 ± 0.0660 kg. Conclusions: Fetal outcome in cases of PIH and in abruptio placentae was poor ascompared to control group.

Efficacy of gatifloxacin in acute bacterial corneal ulcer

Objective : To assess the efficacy of Gatifloxacin 0.3% ophthalmic solution in infective corneal ulcer. Methods : This observational (non comparative) clinical analysis was done at the Department of ophthalmology unit-II, Liaquat University Eye hospital Hyderabad of Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro / Sindh, Pakistan from April 2010 to March 2012. All the subjects who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were registered. Anterior segment examination was performed. Corneal staining and sensitivity test was done to exclude viral and paralytic element. Corneal samples were collected for gram's staining and culture sensitivity tests. After getting the preliminary laboratory results, Gatifloxacin 0.3% ophthalmic solution was used in bacterial corneal ulcer every 30 minutes for first twenty four hours, and every one hour till three days. On obtaining better response the drops were used every two hours up to 7 days. The treatment was continued with tapering of dosage for three weeks. After total recovery (re-epithelialization of corneal epithelium) the drops were used two times a day for one more week. Results : The total of 170 patients (male=68.8%; female=31.2%) were recruited. Culture sensitivity examination revealed staphylococcus (36.5%), followed by fungi (24.1%). Pseudomonas thus detected were 10%. Gatifloxacin showed highest sensitivity and lowest resistance i.e. 87.65% and 12.35% respectively against gram positive and gram negative isolates. Gatifloxacin 0.3% ophthalmic solution due to its strong activity against various gram-positive and gram-negative microbes is strongly effective in the treatment of acute bacterial keratitis.

1140 HEPATITIS C VIRUS AND LIPID DROPLETS: ROLE OF ADIPOSE DIFFERENTIATION-RELATED PROTEIN IN LIPID DROPLET MORPHOLOGY AND VIRAL LIFE CYCLE

Aims and Objectives: We evaluated whether HBV +ve and HCV +ve patients are at high risk for developing drug induced hepatitis than control subjects during treatment for tuberculosis with standard short course regimens. Study design: Observational cohort study. Place and Duration: This study was conducted at department of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health sciences Jamshoro from May 2008 to May 2011. Material and Methods: All newly diagnosed active tuberculosis patients were included in the study population and they were further screened for hepatitis B surface antigen and HCV antibodies. All patients were divided into three groups. One having no coinfection with hepatitis B and Hepatitis C and was taken as control group, second group was co-infected with hepatitis B and third was co-infected with hepatitis C. short course anti tuberculous regimen was started and patients were followed for six months. Results: One hundred and twenty eight tuberculous patients were divided into three groups. 92 in control groups without any coinfection with hepatitis B and C, 10 were HBV +ve and 26 were HCV +ve. During follow up 24 developed drug induced hepatitis, 8 (38.33%, n = 24) in control group, 2 (8.33%, n = 24) in hepatitis B group and 14 (58.33%, n = 24) in hepatitis C group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that treatment for tuberculosis in HCV seropositive patients is a risk factor for the development of hepatitis exacerbation and HBV seropositive patients shows no any increased risk of hepatitis exacerbation.

Histological and radiological study of calcified placenta

Normal foetal growth and survival depends on proper development and function of the placenta. It serves to maintain a maternal-foetal interference for the exchange of blood gases, nutrients, and waste. The placenta has been described as a diary of intrauterine life and it may elucidate many aspects of intra uterine life. The aim of this study is to observe the histological and radiological changes in excessive placental calcification, in pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) and placental abruption. This retrospective study was conducted at the department of Anatomy of Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences Jamshoro. One hundred twenty placentae were collected from labour room and gynaecology operation theatre of Liaquat University Hospital. Forty placentae from parturient suffered from PIH, forty from parturient with placental abruption & forty placentae from parturient of normal pregnancy (Control Group). Age of all parturient is between 17 to 32 years. Radiological study was conducted in the department of radiology of Liaquat University Hospital Jamshoro. Approximately five mm pieces of placenta was taken and processed for histological study. Both radiology and histological studies show highly significant (p=<0.001) difference in calcification in placental abruption and PIH group as compared to control.

Morphological, histological and radiological study of calcified placenta and its relation with fetal outcome

The placenta is a distinctive organ, which facilitates the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus through placental microcirculation. Placenta potentially plays a key role in the etiology of developmental programming through its impact on nutrient transfer. Placental transport efficiency depends on a variety of parameters, including surface area for exchange, thickness of the placental membrane. The aim of this study is to see the morphological, histological and radiological changes in excessive placental calcification and its relation with fetal outcome. This retrospective study was conducted at the department of Anatomy of Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences Jamshoro. One hundred twenty placentae were collected from labor room and gynecology operation theatre of Liaquat University Hospital. Forty placentae from parturient that PIH, forty from parturient having placental abruption & forty placentae from parturient belonged to normal pregnancy (Control Group). Age of all parturient is between 17 to 32 years. The study of gross morphology of placenta was done in the department of anatomy. Approximately five mm piece of placenta was taken and processed for histological study. Radiological study was done in the department of radiology of LUH Jamshoro. Highly significant (p=<0.001) difference seen in placental abruption and PIH group than normal.