Health-related Areas Research Articles

Advancing a healthy housing policy agenda: how do policy makers problematise housing-related health issues?

Abstract A substantial international body of evidence links housing to health outcomes. In 2021, the World Health Organisation (WHO) evaluated a small selection of policies from its six geographic regions and found that, in Australia as in the rest of the world, existing healthy housing measures fall short of the systemic response required to address health impacts and inequities. This paper takes the novel step of applying Bacchi’s (2009) ‘What is the Problem Represented to Be?’ approach to a wide-ranging thematic analysis of over 300 Australian policies across the domains of health and housing and related policy areas. In so doing, it offers an overview of existing healthy housing policy as well as illuminating the conceptual understandings and priorities of policy makers, shedding light on the policy paradigms that see housing under-utilised as a preventive health and health equity measure.

Psychological Distress and Quality of Life in Hepatitis Patients: The Mediating Role of Hope

This study examined the association between psychological distress, hope, and quality of life in patients with hepatitis. A correlational research design was employed, and 200 hepatitis patients (100 males & 100 females) were chosen using purposive sampling from various hospitals in Faisalabad city. The variables were evaluated using the Kessler psychological distress scale, hope index, and quality of life scale. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results indicate a substantial negative association between psychological distress and both hope and quality of life, and a strong positive association between hope and life quality. The finding of the mediation analysis also showed that hope was a significant partial mediator in the association between psychological distress and quality of life. The t-test analysis revealed no statistically significant variations in the mean scores for psychological distress, hope, and quality of life between man and women hepatitis patients. The findings of the present research have implications for a range of health-related areas, including the use of the study findings by healthcare professionals in treating patients suffering from life-threatening chronic conditions such as hepatitis.

Parliamentarily speaking: A thematic analysis of Kerala Legislative Assembly questions relating to health from 2016 to 2021.

Legislative assemblies often provide a platform for legislators to question the government during question hours, which are crucial for governance However, question hours remain understudied, especially when addressing health policy and systems related issues in lower- and middle-income countries. This study assesses the 14th Kerala Legislative Assembly questions, focusing on health-related areas to provide insights for health policy formulation and decision-making processes. We sourced and transcribed all starred questions (346) related to health that were answered by the health minister in the 14th Legislative Assembly between 2016 and 2021 from the archives of the assembly website. We conducted a thematic analysis of these questions and mapped them into various themes, guided by the World Health Organization building blocks framework. About 7.8% of all questions (N = 4404) were related to health (N = 346). Of these questions, the majority were directly related to service delivery (43.4%), followed by health information (16.5%). Health financing, food safety, and human resources were the least discussed topics throughout the assessed period within the state. The legislators primarily focussed on health services and health information, with less attention given to health financing, food safety, and human resources regardless of constituency or political affiliation. This study underscores the need for a balanced approach to public health issues, highlighting the importance of legislators to priortizing health services and information, while also addressing health financing, food safety, and human resources. This would enable a robust and resilient public health system to effectively address diverse health concerns.

Workplace wellness across the lifespan: A pilot program for health promotion in a low- and middle-income country.

Considering that a sizable segment of the population spends significant amount of time at work, workplaces have been identified as practical platforms for health educational programs. Although employee wellness programs in high-income countries have shown measurable benefits in productivity and physical and mental health, evidence-based programs in low- and middle-income countries, such as Lebanon, are unavailable. The aim is to develop and implement a pilot workplace wellness program focusing on health-related areas to improve health knowledge and behavior among working men and women of reproductive age. In collaboration with March of Dimes, the National Collaborative Perinatal Neonatal Network developed a culturally sensitive health education program focusing on lifestyle, infection, nutrition and family planning. Sessions were delivered by a multidisciplinary team of specialists at a local bank in Lebanon. To assess the impact of the program, participants completed Knowledge and Behavior Assessment Questionnaire (KBAQ) before and after implementation. KBAQ was conducted 6 months after implementation to measure retention and continuing impact. Forty-seven participants completed the program, of whom 44.7% are male, 98% have university degree and 56.5% are married. Total knowledge score improved significantly from 64.2 to 74.3 and remained significant at 6 months post-implementation with a score of 71.7 (p < 0.001). At 6-month follow-up, emotional score improved (p = 0.028), while smoking decreased (p = 0.008). Also, employees' health knowledge and behavior showed sustained and significant improvement. We plan to implement our program at other sites and among employees from different backgrounds to understand the impact of the wellness program on employees' knowledge and behaviors at a larger scale.

The Effect of Sensor Feature Inputs on Joint Angle Prediction across Simple Movements.

The use of wearable sensors, such as inertial measurement units (IMUs), and machine learning for human intent recognition in health-related areas has grown considerably. However, there is limited research exploring how IMU quantity and placement affect human movement intent prediction (HMIP) at the joint level. The objective of this study was to analyze various combinations of IMU input signals to maximize the machine learning prediction accuracy for multiple simple movements. We trained a Random Forest algorithm to predict future joint angles across these movements using various sensor features. We hypothesized that joint angle prediction accuracy would increase with the addition of IMUs attached to adjacent body segments and that non-adjacent IMUs would not increase the prediction accuracy. The results indicated that the addition of adjacent IMUs to current joint angle inputs did not significantly increase the prediction accuracy (RMSE of 1.92° vs. 3.32° at the ankle, 8.78° vs. 12.54° at the knee, and 5.48° vs. 9.67° at the hip). Additionally, including non-adjacent IMUs did not increase the prediction accuracy (RMSE of 5.35° vs. 5.55° at the ankle, 20.29° vs. 20.71° at the knee, and 14.86° vs. 13.55° at the hip). These results demonstrated how future joint angle prediction during simple movements did not improve with the addition of IMUs alongside current joint angle inputs.

Artificial intelligence in wound care: diagnosis, assessment and treatment of hard-to-heal wounds: a narrative review.

The effective assessment of wounds, both acute and hard-to-heal, is an important component in the delivery by wound care practitioners of efficacious wound care for patients. Improved wound diagnosis, optimising wound treatment regimens, and enhanced prevention of wounds aid in providing patients with a better quality of life (QoL). There is significant potential for the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in health-related areas such as wound care. However, AI-based systems remain to be developed to a point where they can be used clinically to deliver high-quality wound care. We have carried out a narrative review of the development and use of AI in the diagnosis, assessment and treatment of hard-to-heal wounds. We retrieved 145 articles from several online databases and other online resources, and 81 of them were included in this narrative review. Our review shows that AI application in wound care offers benefits in the assessment/diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of acute and hard-to-heal wounds. As well as offering patients the potential of improved QoL, AI may also enable better use of healthcare resources.

Role of extrinsic factors on magnetoelastic resonance biosensors sensitivity

Magnetoelastic (ME) resonance devices are attractive for application as biosensors in health-related areas as they allow contactless detection of pathogenic agents with high sensitivity. After functionalization, they offer valuable diagnostic options that promote efficient capture of mass on the sensor surface through biological interactions. ME sensors are also sensitive to external factors such as temperature, magnetic fields, and variations in mass that can arise from processes unrelated to biological interactions, including corrosion and salt crystallization. This article evaluates extrinsic factors that affect the response of ME resonance sensors for diagnostic applications. In particular, the influence of heat treatments, operation temperature, applied DC magnetic field bias, and corrosive environment were studied. The control of all these factors is crucial for the design, fabrication, and functionalization of ME resonance biosensors and for the development of measuring instrumentation and effective measurement protocols. This work established maximum operating temperature and bias field variations to keep the sensor sensitivity. Heat treatment of the sensors before and after coating improved the signal-to-noise ratio and corrosion resistance. Further improvement in corrosion resistance was provided by cathodic protection, which has been proven beneficial for applications of ME resonance sensors in aqueous fluids.

An analysis of virtual simulations from the TPACK perspective

INTRODUCTION. Virtual simulations (VS) have increased their presence in the higher education training actions during the last years and has been consolidated as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic as a powerful tool that allow us to overcome many of the limitations of the face to face simulation rooms, related to costs and replicability. However, there is a lack of studies about the use of theoretical models, such as the TPACK, for the analysis of VS. METHOD. In this article a systematic review of the literature is conducted with the main aim of analysing the characteristics of the VS used in higher education during the last decade (2012-2022) from the optic of the TPACK model. RESULTS. The main findings are the big use of VS in Health-related areas and especially in the American continent (Unite States and Canada); the screen-based and computer-based simulation played online as the most common technological features; and the Experiential learning, the Situated learning and the Problem-based learning as the most common theories for the pedagogical justification of VS in higher education. DISCUSSION. A series of relationships has been spotted among the technological, pedagogical and content features of the VS that help us to better understand this tool that has a growing use, especially in the health field. Conclusions show, on the one hand, the lack of articles that properly describe the use of VS according to the TPACK requirements and, on the other hand, the adequacy and viability of this model for the analysis and development of VS.

Use of jiu-jitsu tools in healthy fitness directions with primary and second mature women

The work examines the influence of the health-improving direction of fitness with elements of jiu-jitsu on indicators of physical fitness and on functional indicators of women of the first and second mature age, with the help of a developed set of exercises. The purpose is to experimentally prove the effectiveness of using jiu-jitsu elements in health-related fitness areas with elements of martial arts with women of the first and second mature age.&#x0D; The research was conducted based on the Foxschool Sports Club, Kharkiv. Two groups (control - CG, and experimental - EG), 10 women in each, aged 25-50, participated in the study. Training was held three times a week, lasting 60 minutes. The results of tests on physical fitness and functional state before the experiment revealed that there are no significant differences in the condition of women, that is, the groups are identical. The results of testing after the experiment showed an improvement in the indicators of CG women, compared to the initial ones, but they turned out to be reliable only for three indicators out of nine. Instead, the results of the final tests in EG showed an improvement in many indicators, compared to the initial ones. Seven indicators out of nine turned out to be reliable. To confirm the effectiveness of the complex with jiu-jitsu elements, we used calculations using mathematical statistics, namely the calculation of Student's t-criterion.&#x0D; It was found that the proposed set of exercises has a positive effect on the physical and functional condition of women. According to the obtained results, there was a tendency to increase the average indicators of physical and functional condition in the studied groups.

64 TikTok as a Health Communication Platform in Pediatric Neuropsychology: Opportunities, Pitfalls, and Recommendations Moving Forward

Objective:Various forms of social media have been investigated as platforms for science and health communication, with a recent growing interest in TikTok. TikTok has more than one billion active users. Sixty-two percent of TikTok users are under the age of 29, making it a platform of particular interest when considering the impact of social media content dissemination in pediatric neuropsychology. Personal communication suggests that children, adolescents, and young adults internationally reference specific information from TikToks about attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), tic disorder, and specific learning disorders in the context of clinical neuropsychological assessment. Despite the emerging prevalence of TikTok observed clinically and discussed informally among clinicians, there has yet to be a synthesis of available empirical information of TikTok as a health communication platform for discussing neurodevelopmentally relevant conditions.Participants and Methods:A systematic review of research regarding TikTok and neurodevelopmentally relevant conditions was conducted using PRISMA guidelines. The following databases were searched: Ovid MEDLINE (to 20 July 2022), PsycINFO (to 20 July 2022), and PubMed (to 20 July 2022) using search terms TikTok AND ADHD OR autism OR tic OR learning disorder. Searches using search terms TikTok AND learning disability OR dyslexia OR dysgraphia OR dyscalculia were also conducted but were excluded as they yielded no results. Articles were eligible for inclusion if they presented original data (e.g., case series, descriptive analyses, etc.) related to information about neurodevelopmentally relevant conditions on TikTok. A final sample of 5 original papers met criteria for inclusion.Results:The systematic review sample included a mixture of clinical case series and empirical analyses using primary data from TikTok. Across publications, there was an emphasis on the prevalence of misinformation about disorders on TikTok, the frequency of atypical presentations of neurodevelopmental disorders on TikTok, and the potential for an iatrogenic impact on children and adolescents who view TikTok videos.Conclusions:Despite the increasing frequency with which patients access TikTok for health-related information, there is a relative dearth of published research on TikTok regarding neurodevelopmentally relevant conditions. This is in contrast to other health-related areas (e.g., there are a far greater number of published articles on TikTok and COVID-19 and dermatology compared to neuropsychological disorders). These findings suggest a missed opportunity for researchers and clinicians alike to engage with TikTok. Based on clinical experience and a review of the available literature, the following recommendations are provided and will be presented in-depth: 1.Clinicians should gain familiarity with virally spread information via TikTok, particularly as it relates to symptoms and presentations of neuropsychological and neurodevelopmental conditions.2.Clinicians should explicitly assess for knowledge content and source regarding neuropsychological and neurodevelopmental conditions during intake and/or feedback in order to address misinformation and myths, validate lived experiences, and develop rapport with patients.3.Clinicians and researchers should consider a strengths-based approach to TikTok usage that highlights the value of sharing resources, building community, and decreasing stigma.4.Clinicians and researchers should be aware of information shared via TikTok as a potential concern for test security.

한국 노인의 삶의 만족도와 영향 요인은 시대에 따라 어떻게 변화했는가?

Objectives This study aimed to compare the life satisfaction and its influencing factors between the elderly population in 2011 and in 2020, when the baby boom generation entered. Through this comparison, it was intended to provide basic data necessary for setting the direction of education and welfare policies targeting the elderly in the future.&#x0D; Methods This study analyzed the factors affecting the life satisfaction of the elderly, categorizing them into three areas: health, education, and social relationships. The study included a total of 10,675 participants from the Elderly Survey in 2011 and 10,097 participants from 2020. Differences in the general characteristics of the two generations of elderly, such as residential area, marital status, educaitonal level, and lifelong learning participation, were analyzed. The levels of the life satisfaction and its influencing factors were analyzed using one-sample-t tests to examine the differences between the two time periods. Furthermore, this study analyzed how various variables in the domains of health, education, and social relationships differed in their impact on life satisfaction across different time periods.&#x0D; Results Compared to the elderly in 2011, the elderly in 2020 showed significant improvements in their educational level, life satisfaction, and health-related areas such as overall health status, instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and cognitive function. On the other hand, depression and the number of chronic diseases decreased. In the domain of education, both educational attainment and lifelong learning participation improved. In the social relationships domain, both family relationships and interpersonal relationships of the elderly decreased. In both 2011 and 2020, overall health status, cognitive function, the number of chronic diseases, educational attainment, and family relationships all influenced the life satisfaction of the elderly.&#x0D; Conclusions Future educational and welfare policies targeting the elderly should take into account the changing characteristics of the elderly population and be based on higher educational levels. In addition, social efforts are needed to improve the overall health status, cognitive function, number of chronic diseases, educational attainment, and family relationships in order to enhance the life satisfaction of the elderly.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Antibacterial and Their Resistance in Medellín-Colombia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

To describe the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) profile on bacterial resistance and antibiotic in the general population of Medellín. A cross-sectional study was conducted from September to December 2022, with 902 participants selected through stratified sampling with proportional allocation of different sectors of the city. The KAP scale was developed through a literature review, elimination of duplicate items, validity assessment, and reliability evaluation using Cronbach's alpha. Each item was presented with absolute and relative frequencies on a Likert scale, with a total score ranging from 0 to 100, where a higher score indicates better knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Comparisons were made using Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis H, and linear regression. The knowledge score median was 73.3 (IQR 63.3-93.3), with 36.9% reporting that antibiotics can be stopped once symptoms improve and 26.1% considering them as analgesics or antipyretics. The attitudes score was 83.3 (IQR 73.3-93.3), with 95.3% expressing concern about the impact on their health or that of their family and over 90% agreeing that more information is needed on antibiotic resistance. The practice score was the lowest at 63.9 (IQR 50-75), with 48% having been prescribed antibiotics at the pharmacy and 42.6% taking them to treat flu symptoms. Economic status (β 2.645), education in health-related areas (β 6.224), gender (β 2.892), and education level (β 3.257) determined knowledge. Knowledge (β 0.387), gender (β 2.807), and education level (β 0.686) influenced attitudes, but practices were only determined by Knowledge (β 0.084) attitudes (β 0.552) and age group (β 2.858). Knowledge about antibiotics and bacterial resistance does not significantly influence the practices of the population. Therefore, interventions aimed at improving knowledge need to be reconsidered as they may not contribute to the appropriate use of antibiotics and prevention of resistance to these drugs.

Antioxidant Capacity and Total Phenolic Content of Spice Extracts Obtained by Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Using Deep Eutectic and Conventional Solvents

This study investigated the use of eco-friendly novel formulations of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with water in ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of antioxidant compounds from six spices, comparing them to traditional ethanol-based solvents. Significant differences in antioxidant capacity (AC) determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, and total phenolic content (TPC) analysed using Folin-Ciocalteu (F-C) method were observed among the prepared extracts of spices. Regardless of the solvent used, clove extracts exhibited the highest antioxidant properties, whereas coriander presented the lowest values of AC and TPC. Choline chloride (ChCl)-based DES3 with propylene glycol (PG) as the hydrogen bond donor was more promising for effectively extracting antioxidants from the studied spices than ChCl-based DES1 and DES2 containing urea (U) and glycerol (Gly), respectively. Although DESs showed lower efficiency in this study, they represent a viable and environmentally sustainable approach for the extraction of bioactive compounds from spices. However, DES-based extracts can be recommended as potential sources of bioactive compounds and sustainable solvent systems for the plasticization and modification of active food packaging. This research offers valuable insights for the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and spice industries, particularly for future developments in sustainable extraction techniques and potential applications in eco-friendly solutions and health-related areas.

The human cost of economic sanctions and strategies for building health system resilience: A scoping review of studies in Iran.

This review aimed to analyse the impacts of international economic sanctions on the overall health status of Iranians and the health system performance of Iran, in addition to identifying effective strategies for making the health system resilient to sanctions. A scoping review. Three databases and grey literature were reviewed, and additional papers were identified in the lists of references. Two authors reviewed papers to check duplications and screen through inclusion/exclusion criteria. Furthermore, a narrative approach was employed to synthesise the findings. Given overall health impacts, economic sanctions are believed to have adverse effects on Iranian's health and cause significant financial hardships in accessing healthcare services. These hardships mostly affect those in marginalised and vulnerable groups. Economic sanctions degrade Iran's health system by negatively impacting health services' availability. The detrimental effects of sanctions on economic and social circumstances were also documented. Economic sanctions could also adversely affect health research and education. Most strategies identified for health system resilience to sanctions are related to the health system governance. Even if essential medicines and supplies are exempted from the sanction regime, the impact of economic sanctions on public health is unavoidable. The quantification of the effect economic sanctions on different health-related areas needs by further research. The measures identified for dealing with sanction can be considered in other countries but more work is needed to explore how health of people can be resilient against negative consequences of sanctions.

An analytics approach to health and healthcare in citizen science communications on Twitter

Background Citizen science is a growing practice in which volunteers, including non-scientists, conduct or contribute to research by collecting and analyzing data. The increasing importance of citizen science in the last years has led to an increased interest in detecting how citizen science can contribute to scientific advancements in different areas. Recent research shows that citizen science has become a means of engagement between scientist and the public, encouraging scientific curiosity and promoting scientific knowledge. Methods In this article, we report on how to apply computational analysis techniques to Twitter messages to reveal the impact of citizen science in health-related areas. The main objectives are (1) to characterize central topics of these discussions, and (2) to identify particularly important actors in these social media networks. Results For the topics, our findings suggest that sustainable development goals, technologies and health, and COVID-19 are those most addressed by the users. Other topics represented in the data are cancer, public health, mental health, and health and well being of sea and earth living creatures related to sustainable development goals. Conclusion Based on our results, those entities or actors who are most cited and retweeted are Twitter accounts of projects and not primarily individual professionals or citizen scientists.

ENFERMAGEM E DESIGN NA CRIAÇÃO DE PRODUTOS PARA A SAÚDE: APROXIMANDO ÁREAS E RESOLVENDO PROBLEMAS

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe a methodological proposal for product development in the health area through the perspective of design. Method: Theoretical and methodological reflection, based on the experience and knowledge of the authors in studies related to technological production and innovation in nursing. Results: the methodological proposal consists of the following steps: 1) Briefing; 2) data collection; 3) analysis of the problem; 4) concept; 5) generation of alternatives; 6) selection of the best alternative; 7) refining the solution; 8) prototype; 9) tests; 10) modifications; and 11) implementation. The design proposal is shown as a method of investigation and seeks to equip health professionals and related areas for the elaboration of studies with the potential to develop products, at all stages. Conclusion: the approximation of knowledge and practices in the area of design with that of nursing enables the identification of problems and their resolution with creativity and empathy, contributing to innovation and knowledge production.

Fifty years of the medico-historical journal of CCRAS: A bibliometric analysis (1971–2020)

Abstract The Journal of Indian Medical Heritage (formerly known as Bulletin of the Institute of History of Medicine, Bulletin of the Indian Institute of History of Medicine, and Journal of Indian Institute of History of Medicine) published by the Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS), New Delhi. The journal publishes literary research and medico-historical studies on Ayush medical systems, Modern medicine, other world medical traditions, History, Archeology, Anthropology, Indology, and Literature. The aim of the study was to carry out a detailed bibliometric analysis of articles published in the Journal of Indian Medical Heritage (JIMH) from 1971 to 2020. As of March 2021, the journal published 50 volumes from 1971 to 2020. The present analysis covers and discusses the year-wise distributions of papers; authorship pattern; most prolific authors; length of papers; number of citations; indexed papers, geographical distribution of papers; and organization-wise, subject-wise, and category-wise distribution of papers. The study shows that a total of 581 full-length papers and 5457 citations were published during 1971–2020. Among 581 papers, 393 (67.64%) papers are contributed by single authors and 188 (32.36%) by joint authorship. The majority of papers had 6–10 pages (216), and the highest number of papers was contributed by authors from India (87.61%) and by CCRAS (59.12%). The research publications are categorized under fifteen subject areas, and the three top papers are published on the subject of Ayurveda (224), followed by the Unani medical system (119) and Modern medicine (42). It is noted that the published papers under different subjects are inherently classified under twelve categories, and the three top papers pertaining to medico-historical studies (172), descriptive notes on manuscripts, rare books (92), and biographical profiles of authors of classical treatises and eminent personalities who significantly contributed in medical systems (84). The current study explores the intellectual structure and trends in medico-historical studies in Ayush medical systems, modern medicine, and health-related domain areas.

A Systematic Analysis of 3D Deformation of Aging Breasts Based on Artificial Neural Networks.

The measurement and prediction of breast skin deformation are key research directions in health-related research areas, such as cosmetic and reconstructive surgery and sports biomechanics. However, few studies have provided a systematic analysis on the deformations of aging breasts. Thus, this study has developed a model order reduction approach to predict the real-time strain of the breast skin of seniors during movement. Twenty-two women who are on average 62 years old participated in motion capture experiments, in which eight body variables were first extracted by using the gray relational method. Then, backpropagation artificial neural networks were built to predict the strain of the breast skin. After optimization, the R-value for the neural network model reached 0.99, which is within acceptable accuracy. The computer-aided system of this study is validated as a robust simulation approach for conducting biomechanical analyses and predicting breast deformation.

A Comprehensive Review of Optimal Approaches to Co-Design in Health with First Nations Australians.

Australia's social, structural, and political context, together with the continuing impact of colonisation, perpetuates health care and outcome disparities for First Nations Australians. A new approach led by First Nations Australians is required to address these disparities. Co-design is emerging as a valued method for First Nations Australian communities to drive change in health policy and practice to better meet their needs and priorities. However, it is critical that co-design processes and outcomes are culturally safe and effective. Aims: This project aimed to identify the current evidence around optimal approaches to co-design in health with First Nations Australians. First Nations Australian co-led team conducted a comprehensive review to identify peer-reviewed and grey literature reporting the application of co-design in health-related areas by and with First Nations Australians. A First Nations Co-Design Working Group (FNCDWG) was established to guide this work and team.A Collaborative Yarning Methodology (CYM) was used to conduct a thematic analysis of the included literature. After full-text screening, 99 studies were included. Thematic analysis elicited the following six key themes, which included 28 practical sub-themes, relevant to co-design in health with First Nations Australians: First Nations Australians leadership; Culturally grounded approach; Respect; Benefit to First Nations communities; Inclusive partnerships; and Evidence-based decision making. The findings of this review provide a valuable snapshot of the existing evidence to be used as a starting point to guide appropriate and effective applications of co-design in health with First Nations Australians.

Serious Game Design in Health Education: A Systematic Review

Inclusion of game elements in health education has proved to be effective in helping student training. Commonly termed as “serious games” these gamified systems can be an alternative to empower and motivate students during the learning process. The literature contains serious games for professional training in many health-related areas, including several motivating and playful gamification elements, and a variety of evaluation techniques used. Some review studies have compiled articles that present serious games for health-related areas analyzing aspects such as development methodologies and assessment techniques. However, the playful aspects that contribute to the health education process have not yet been compiled. This article focuses on a systematic review that analyzes the state of the art regarding serious games for health-related education, and evaluates the following: 1) game elements; 2) platforms, evaluation methods; and 3) requirements analysis methods. The findings indicate that “Tasks,” “Score,” and “Level Progression” were the most used gamification elements. Physiotherapy, psychology, and physical education were the areas most covered by the included articles. Pre and posttest questionnaires were identified as the main methods used to evaluate the serious games. The article contributes with an overview of the serious games design process, abstracted from the performed review and depicted in a diagram showing the phases commonly found in our study. The article also proposes a categorization for the most used game elements and evaluation methods.