Abstract Background Inter-sectoral coalitions are regarded as a key principle of health promotion. The study examines the questions of how these are defined, which scientific theories and models are available, and which methods and parameters are used for their evaluation. Methods The scoping review in three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, LIVIVO) included studies in English and German published in 1/2010 to 5/2018. The results were analyzed qualitatively. In addition, relevant websites and textbooks in the field of public health, health promotion and social work were subjected to a document analysis in an iterative procedure. Results The database searches yielded 186 hits, of which 48 publications were systematically examined. Document analysis revealed 128 materials. Six common terms on inter-sectoral cooperation (network, collaboration, partnership, coalition, cooperation, alliance) were identified. Uniform definitions and unambiguous distinctions do not exist. Overall, only a few of the identified inter-sectoral collaborations are theoretically based, nine publications present models. Only seven studies provide insights into the effectiveness of model/theory-based strategies, whereby these almost exclusively examine output parameters. In particular, there are parameters on structure and process (e.g. team functioning, coalition capacity). Qualitative success factors and barriers were identified (e.g. integration of different actors, development of new financial sources, formalization). Eight validated instruments are identified. Four studies also examine the outcome level and demonstrate intended effects on behavioral parameters. Conclusions For research and practice, it is necessary to sharpen the terminology of intersectoral cooperation. Existing models should be systematically used and evaluated. In the future, an evaluation of the outcome of inter-sectoral cooperation and long-term effects will be increasingly necessary. Key messages Inter-sectoral coalitions are an evolving field, and both their theoretical foundation and empirical testing are still in their infancy. While success factors are well investigated, evaluations at the outcomes level are particularly necessary.