Health-promoting Environments Research Articles

Healthcare leaders’ and elected politicians’ approach to support-systems and requirements for complying with quality and safety regulation in nursing homes – a case study

BackgroundHealthcare leaders play an important and complex role in managing and handling the dual responsibility of both Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) for workers and quality and patient safety (QPS). There is a need for better understanding of how healthcare leaders and decision makers organize and create support structures to handle these combined responsibilities in practice. The aim of this study was to explore how healthcare leaders and elected politicians organize, control, and follow up the work of HSE and QPS in a Norwegian nursing home context. Moreover, we explore how they interpret, negotiate, and manage the dual responsibility and possible tensions between employee health and safety, and patient safety and quality of service delivery.MethodsThe study was conducted in 2022 as a case study exploring the experience of healthcare leaders and elected politicians in five municipalities responsible for providing nursing homes services in Norway. Elected politicians (18) and healthcare leaders (11) participated in focus group interviews (5) and individual interviews (11). Data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsThe analysis identified five main themes explaining how the healthcare leaders and elected politicians organize, control, and follow up the work of HSE and QPS:1. Establish frameworks and room for maneuver in the work with HSE and QPS.2. Create good routines and channels for communication and collaboration.3. Build a culture for a health-promoting work environment and patient safety.4. Create systems to handle the possible tensions in the dual responsibility between caring for employees and quality and safety in service delivery.5. Define clear boundaries in responsibility between politics and administration.ConclusionsThe study showed that healthcare leaders and elected politicians who are responsible for ensuring sound systems for quality and safety for both patients and staff, do experience tensions in handling this dual responsibility. They acknowledge the need to create systems and awareness for the responsibility and argue that there is a need to better separate the roles and boundaries between elected politicians and the healthcare administration in the execution of HSE and QPS.

The Influence of Environmental Issues on Health Promotion: A Historical Journey and Contemporary Challenges

In this editorial, we address the relationship between environmental issues and health promotion, highlighting how these topics are of great global relevance. Over the past decades, understanding of the complex links between health and the environment has progressed, with solid evidence on the adverse effects of air pollution, water contamination, inadequate waste management, biodiversity loss and climate change on human health. These environmental problems can cause a variety of diseases, including respiratory, cardiovascular, cancer and neurological disorders. Despite scientific advances in the field, challenges are persistent. Air pollution and ecosystem degradation continue to affect people's quality of life, compromising the availability of essential resources such as drinking water and food. Climate change also becomes a growing threat, leading to extreme weather events and the spread of vector-borne diseases. As such, integrated and sustainable approaches that protect both human health and the environment are needed. This requires coordinated action at local, national, and global levels, involving governments, the private sector, civil society, and individuals. It reinforces the need to strengthen environmental health surveillance systems, universalize access to basic sanitation and promote environmental education to raise awareness about the importance of health and the environment. We trace the historical evolution of the relationship between health and the environment, highlighting the influence of ancient thinkers such as Hippocrates, passing through moments of greater and lesser attention to environmental issues in public health. Events such as the Stockholm Conference in 1972, Eco-92 in 1992 and the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals in 2015 are significant milestones in the promotion of environmental and health policies. Human health and the health of the planet are intrinsically linked, hence the need to rethink the development model and adopt effective measures to achieve global environmental goals, aiming to build a healthier, sustainable, and resilient world for present and future generations.

A scoping review of the evidence available for the use of salons as health promotion environments, for the prevention and management of non-communicable diseases in women from different ethnic backgrounds.

Women from different ethnic backgrounds are disproportionately affected by non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Underpinned by the community capital they harness, hairdressers have successfully delivered NCD prevention programmes, particularly for African-American women in disadvantaged areas. Integrating community organisations and networks into existing primary care pathways can provide a sustainable process to address inequalities in access to health care. This scoping review aimed to map the evidence about interventions based in beauty salons, particularly formative research phases, including co-development, community participation, theoretical or conceptual underpinnings, as well as aspects related to training and incentivisation of salon staff, evaluation and equity. The methodological framework was based on the seminal guidance of Arksey and O'Malley, using the 'PCC' (participants, concept, context) structure with incorporation of other relevant materials. Studies eligible for inclusion were salon-based health interventions (concept) focused on NCDs prevention (context), targeting women (participants) from different ethnic backgrounds and published in English. The searches were conducted across PubMed, Web of Science and OVID in June 2020 and updated in January 2023, with reference lists also screened. The Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance RE-AIM framework was used to explore the potential public health impact. 419 titles and abstracts were screened, with eight (2%) meeting the inclusion criteria, all based in the United States of America. Two used formative phases to inform intervention development, three described evidence of co-development with key stakeholders or experts within the community and five studies referred to theoretical or conceptual frameworks. Incentivisation was provided to salon staff in five of the studies, and to clients in three of the studies. Four of the investigations collated data on socioeconomic characteristics of the target population. Formative research in the scoped studies was weakly reported upon. Community participation was implicit in each of the scoped studies, yet its application varied considerably. Theoretical and conceptual frameworks were not consistently used, and there was inadequate process evaluation to ensure equitable reach and retention of targeted groups, suggesting a more concerted effort to address health equity is needed for future interventions.

Environmental health perceptions of urban youth from low-income communities: A qualitative photovoice study and framework.

Children are amongst the most susceptible groups to environmental exposures, for both immediate and life-course health outcomes. Despite their increased susceptibility, children's knowledge, experiencesand voices are understudied. A deeper understanding of children's environmental health perceptions has the potential to better inform policy, develop targeted interventionsand improve public health outcomes. In this study, our community-academic partnership used the Photovoice research method to examine how urban children from low-income communities perceive environmental influences on their health. Twenty children, ages 10-12, took photographs and participated in focus group interviews regarding their perspectives on how the environment influences their health. Qualitative analyses revealed five major thematic categories: environmental exposures, environmental health sentiments, environmental health outcomes, interest in environmental healthand environmental health solutions. We used the findings to develop an environmental health perspective theoretical framework that can inform future work designed to promote the environmental health and well-being of children from low-income communities in urban communities. Photovoice enabledchildren from low-income communities to capture and communicate their environmental health perceptions. These findings have the potential to inform and identify potential targets and opportunities for environmental health interventions and promotion in their communities. Partnerships with community-based organizations were central to the present study. By design, these community-based partners were involved in the conduct and procedures of the study.

Proposals of Quaterly Themes in the Framework of the Implementation of the Interdisciplinary Evaluation System in Secondary Education in Cameroon

The aim of this study was to propose themes capable of guiding quarterly evaluations in secondary education in Cameroon. For this, the work was carried out in the field and indoors. In the field, it was a question of supporting Heads of Departments in the development of themes proposals. Indoors, the work dealt with the producing of unique respective quarterly themes. So, it can be easily seen that the desire for some Educational Departments to work in synergy as well as their difficulty in agreeing on the themes responsible for guiding the quarterly evaluations is real. The themes then designed for the first group of Pedagogical Departments are successively: Well-being and the challenges of daily life; Environmental protection and health promotion in daily life; Technological advances, interculturality and inculturation for a better integration of young people in the “modern” world. Regarding the second group, the themes are respectively: The disintegration of African cultures from the slave trade to the present day; The removal of barriers in view of the promotion of Pan-Africanism; Technological advances, interculturality and inculturation for a better integration of young people in the “modern” world. The possibility of rebuilding the contents of the programs of the various Pedagogical Departments around previously constructed themes remains possible in Cameroon; it is the guarantee of a training strongly rooted in Cameroonian culture, seen here as the springboard for economic growth.

Development and validation of a new questionnaire to assess perceptions regarding DWELL: Design for WELLness.

Designing home environments for health and wellness is a crucial strategy for disease prevention and health promotion. Yet, there is not a tool to evaluate perceptions regarding home design for health and wellness. This study aimed to develop and validate a new instrument to measure people's perceptions regarding the concept of DWELL: Design for WELLness in the home environment. We developed a short 5-item online questionnaire to detect changes in knowledge, awareness, engagement and self-efficacy regarding DWELL. The instrument was validated in an online study. Of the 613 mothers who answered the questionnaire initially, 397 answered the questionnaire a second time. Factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha indicated that all five DWELL questions load into one single factor (the model explained 61.84% of total variance), and measure a reliable scale of the same construct, with high levels of internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.85) at both first and second administrations. Spearman correlations between DWELL first and second administrations of the questionnaire indicated moderate-to-high test-retest reliability (0.55-0.70, p < 0.001). DWELL was found to be a valid tool which fills a gap in the public health literature. This measure serves as a free and convenient online instrument to gain insights regarding the effect of modifying environments for disease prevention and health promotion. The tool may be used to assess perceptions in the conditions leading wellness promotion in the home.

Pesticide Pollution in the Brazilian Pampa: Detrimental Impacts on Ecosystems and Human Health in a Neglected Biome

The Brazilian Pampa biome covers half of Rio Grande do Sul state, in the extreme south of Brazil, creating an ecotone zone with the Atlantic Forest and bordering Pampa’s territory belonging to Uruguay and Argentina. Pampa is a non-forest biome mainly composed of grasslands and mosaics of grassland-forest vegetation. This biome shows significant animal and plant diversity, contributing to the maintenance of important ecosystem services, including CO2 capture, pollination, and water cycle regulation. However, forestry plantations, inappropriate cattle ranching, mining activities, unplanned urbanization, and the cultivation of monocultures (soy, rice, tobacco, and other cash crops) significantly threaten the conservation of the Pampa biome. A major problem observed in the Pampa, due to the great connection of this biome with agricultural areas, is pesticide pollution, which significantly affects the health of humans and animals that occupy the region. A robust body of evidence indicates that aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems in the Brazilian Pampa are extensively contaminated with pesticides, as indicated by studies involving animal biomarkers and pesticide analyses performed on water and soil samples. Human studies also suggest that pesticides affect different body systems, facilitating the onset of various chronic diseases. Brazil’s conservation actions and policies have a special focus on forest ecosystems, neglecting non-forest biomes and thus aggravating the problems related to Pampa’s conservation. In this article, we discuss some problems caused by pesticide pollution in the Brazilian Pampa, drawing attention to the need for intensification of policies focused on the promotion of human and environmental health. Finally, we suggest the bioecological bioeconomy as an alternative for Rio Grande do Sul to progress its economic development but with less dependency on detrimental activities to the Pampa biome.

Sustainable and Healthy Dietary Behaviors which Contribute to Environmental Protection and Health Promotion: Development of Items and Association of Implementation Frequency with Characteristics

Sustainable and Healthy Dietary Behaviors which Contribute to Environmental Protection and Health Promotion: Development of Items and Association of Implementation Frequency with Characteristics

Designing Well-Being: A Qualitative Investigation of Young Patients' Perspectives on the Material Hospital Environment.

Physical surroundings of healthcare facilities are suggested to influence young patients' well-being and hospitalization experiences. The current research seeks to understand young patients' views and perspectives of the hospital lobby and inpatient rooms. Thus, a qualitative study was carried out in a social pediatric clinic for young patients with disabilities, developmental delays, behavioral problems, and chronic health conditions, that is undergoing reconstruction. Operating from a critical realist position, the study employed arts-based methods in conjunction with semi-structured interviews. The data were explored by employing thematic analysis. 37 young people between the age of four and 30 years participated in the study. The analysis illustrates that the built environment should contain comforting and joyful elements, while enabling patients' autonomy. The ideal lobby was depicted as open and accessible and an ideal patient room as practical and adapted to personal needs. It is suggested that disabling and medicalized spatial arrangements and features may restrict young people's sense of control and autonomy, while possibly posing a barrier to a health-promoting environment. Large and open spaces with comforting and distracting features are cherished by patients and may be embedded in a comprehensive, yet simple overall design and structural concept.

Effect of Biochar Addition on Nutrient Cycle and Water Quality in Urban Rivers as an Environmental Health Promotion Effort

The potential use of biochar as a solution provides an intriguing opportunity to improve the health of these rivers while also delivering other benefits such as carbon sequestration and better soil health. The purpose of this project is to look into the impact of adding biochar to urban rivers on nitrogen cycling and water quality. A randomized full block design will be used in the study, with three treatment groups and one control group. The experimental setup is a controlled laboratory setting. The study's findings reveal that adding biochar to urban river sediments has a considerable positive influence on water quality metrics such as nitrogen and phosphorus levels. Furthermore, our research shows that the addition of biochar has the ability to considerably increase carbon while decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. Finally, our findings provide useful insights into the prospective benefits of employing biochar to promote river health in the Banjar district.

Barriers and enablers to a healthy food environment in Australian childcare services: Exploring directors' perspectives.

Early childhood education and care (ECEC) settings are ideal environments to optimise nutrition and positively influence children's food behaviours. However, recent research has identified the need to improve nutrition policies, food provision, and mealtime environments in Australian ECEC settings. This study explored the perceptions of ECEC directors regarding barriers and enablers to a health-promoting food environment within ECEC services. Eleven directors from ECEC services in Nerang, Queensland, and surrounding areas, participated in qualitative interviews between March and May 2021. Transcripts were analysed using qualitative content analysis that followed a deductive-inductive approach employing nutrition-related domains from the Wellness Child Care Assessment Tool, these being: (i) nutrition policy; (ii) nutrition education; (iii) food provision; and (iv) mealtimes. Transcripts were coded independently by two researchers in NVivo and consensus for barriers and enablers was achieved through discussion. Barriers and enablers were reported across four domains (nutrition policy, nutrition education, food provision, and mealtimes). Comprehensive nutrition-related policies were an enabler to a healthy nutrition environment but were sometimes described as lacking detail or customisation to the service. Nutrition education for children was described as competing with other activities for time and resources in an already-crowded curriculum. Financial and time pressures faced by families were a barrier to healthy food provision in services where families provided food for children. The ability of staff to sit with children and engage in conversation during mealtimes was an enabler; however, competing demands on time and the unavailability of food for staff were cited as barriers to health-promoting mealtimes. Directors in ECEC services report both barriers and enablers to a healthy food environment. Nutrition policies were an enabler when comprehensive and relevant but a barrier when vague and not tailored to the service environment. ECEC services should be supported to develop and implement service-specific nutrition policies and practices by engaging with parents and staff. SO WHAT?: The barriers and enablers reported in this study should be considered when designing and implementing future evidence-based interventions to improve the nutrition environment in ECEC services.

The Use of Qualitative Methods to Guide the Development of the Border Resilience Scale in a Participatory Research Study.

U.S.-Mexico border residents experience pervasive social and ecological stressors that contribute to a high burden of chronic disease. However, the border region is primarily composed of high-density Mexican-origin neighborhoods, a characteristic that is most commonly health-promoting. Understanding factors that contribute to border stress and resilience is essential to informing the effective design of community-level health promotion strategies. La Vida en La Frontera is a mixed-methods, participatory study designed to understand factors that may contribute to border resilience in San Luis, Arizona. The study's initial qualitative phase included interviews with 30 Mexican-origin adults exploring community perceptions of the border environment, cross-border ties, and health-related concepts. Border residents described the border as a Mexican enclave characterized by individuals with a common language and shared cultural values and perspectives. Positive characteristics related to living in proximity to Mexico included close extended family relationships, access to Mexican food and products, and access to more affordable health care and other services. Based on these findings, we co-designed the 9-item Border Resilience Scale that measures agreement with the psychosocial benefits of these border attributes. Pilot data with 60 residents suggest there are positive sociocultural attributes associated with living in border communities. Further research should test if they mitigate environmental stressors and contribute to a health-promoting environment for residents.

The environment a young person grows up in is associated with their mental health: A nationwide geospatial study using the integrated data infrastructure, New Zealand

BackgroundMental health conditions often arise during adolescence, are multifaceted in aetiology, and may be related to the type of environment in which young people reside. This study used nationwide population-level data to investigate whether the environment a young person grows up in is associated with their mental health. MethodData were extracted from the Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI), a large nationwide research repository, for 917,211 young people (aged 10–24 years) including sociodemographic and mental health data (i.e. emotional, behavioural, substance problems, and self-harm). Environmental data were sourced from the nationwide area-based Healthy Location Index (HLI), which has comprehensive data on the location of several health-constraining (i.e. fast-food outlets) and health-promoting features (i.e. physical activity facilities). Environments were classified as: i) health-promoting, ii) health-constraining, or iii) neither. Associations between the HLI and mental health were investigated using multi-level mixed effects logistic regression modelling. ResultsOverall, there was evidence of an association between the environment a young person resided in and their mental health. Young people residing in health-constraining environments had higher odds of any mental health condition (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 1.020 [1.001, 1.040]) and any emotional condition (AOR = 1.037 [1.012, 1.062]). Young people residing in health-promoting environments had lower odds of substance problems (AOR = 0.950 [0.905, 0.997]). There were no significant effects of the environment on behavioural conditions. ConclusionOur study utilises a large national sample of almost one million young people to confirm the importance of environmental determinants for mental health. It is possible that leverage points for improving the mental health of young people, and reducing the burden to the health system of mental health, can be sought in upstream environmental based interventions.

"You'll come in and dose even in a global pandemic": A qualitative study of adaptive opioid agonist treatment provision during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Opioid agonist treatment (OAT) improves multiple health and social outcomes, yet requirements to attend for supervised dosing can be burdensome and stigmatising. The COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions threatened continuity of care and the wellbeing of people receiving OAT, risking a parallel health crisis. This study sought to understand how adaptations in the complex system of OAT provision impacted and responded to risk environments of people receiving OAT during the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis draws on semi-structured interviews with 40 people receiving and 29 people providing OAT located across Australia. The study considered the risk environments that produce COVID-19 transmission, treatment (non-)adherence, and adverse events for people receiving OAT. Drawing on theories of risk environments and complex adaptive systems, data were coded and analysed to understand how adaptations to the typically rigid system of OAT provision impacted and responded to risk environments during the COVID-19 pandemic. During COVID-19, the complex system of OAT provision demonstrated possibilities for responsive adaptation to the entangled features of risk environments of people receiving OAT. Structural stigma was evident in the services which stayed rigid during the pandemic, requiring people to attend for daily supervised dosing and risking fracturing therapeutic relationships. In parallel, there were several examples of services developing enabling environments by offering flexible care through increased takeaways, treatment subsidies, and home delivery. Rigidity in the delivery of OAT has been an impediment to achieving health and wellbeing over past decades. To sustain health-promoting environments for people receiving OAT, the wider impacts of the complex system should be acknowledged beyond narrowly defined outcomes relating solely to the medication. Centring people receiving OAT in their own care plans will ensure adaptations in the complex system of OAT provision are responsive to the individual's risk environment.

Towards a better understanding of residential mobility and the environments in which adults reside: A nationwide geospatial study from Aotearoa New Zealand

This nationwide geospatial study from Aotearoa New Zealand describes the frequency and spatial patterning of residential mobility and examines the interplay between patterns of residential mobility and the environments in which adults reside.Data from the Integrated Data Infrastructure (n = 4,781,268 adults) defined levels of residential mobility in 2016–2020. We then used nationwide environmental data included within the New Zealand Healthy Location Index to define access to a range of health-promoting and health-constraining features.We identified 29 spatial clusters based on the mobility characteristics of the population living within selected administrative units that were further classified into five groups based on the similarity of residential mobility groups. Each group was described by its relation to the Healthy Location Index, urbanicity and ethnicity.A greater proportion of residential mobility was related to metropolitan and large regional centres, and Māori, Pacific and Asian ethnicities. Areas with higher levels of vulnerable mobile population were identified in the North Island (Northland, Gisborne, Whanganui and urban pockets of Auckland, Hamilton, Napier and Hastings). While there was poor access to health-promoting environments for the mobile population living in the inner cities, areas with higher residential mobility elsewhere are often associated with better access to health-promoting and neutral features.

Translating One Health knowledge across different institutional and political contexts in Europe

BackgroundImplementing a One Health approach is complex. It demands engaging different sectors and actors in the promotion and protection of human, animal and environmental health. A key challenge for successfully implementing the One Health approach are knowledge translation processes among scientists and policy-makers.MethodsAn online survey reached 104 experts from 23 European countries, working at national agencies or institutes, universities, ministries, non-governmental organisations (World Health Organization, World Organisation for Animal Health), and European Union (EU) agencies. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted to describe experts’ perceptions.ResultsThis study indicated a lack of networks among scientists and between scientists and policy-makers. Relations of scientists and policy-makers were perceived as challenging due to different interests and priorities, leading to difficulties in reaching political attention for One Health topics. It also highlighted a favoured attention to some One Health topics (e.g. antimicrobial resistance) as opposed to others (e.g. environmental issues). Important international actors to push One Health policies forward were the Quadripartite organisations and EU agencies. National actors (government agencies, national research institutes, universities) were on average perceived to be more important than international actors due to their roles and influences. Factors influencing the knowledge translation process were the different languages spoken by scientists as well as politicians, and an equivocal understanding of the One Health approach.ConclusionThe study shows the importance of leadership to establish interdisciplinary networks and to problematise One Health issues with clear scope and targets. This will help to link knowledge to needs and capabilities of policy-makers. Establishing strong relationships among national and international actors can encourage networks and raise awareness of the One Health approach to policy-makers. Lastly, promoting research communication skills of scientists can provide a valuable tool to reach policy-makers to enhance attention to One Health topics.

Fostering a Health-Promoting Learning Environment in Medical Education: Adapting the Okanagan Charter for Administrators and Medical Educators.

Medical students enter medical school with similar or even better well-being than their age-matched peers in other educational programs, but there is predictable erosion of their well-being following matriculation. Interventions to counter this erosion predominantly focus on the individual level; however, significant systemic issues persist that thwart meaningful change. Effectively reforming the learning environment and more broadly targeting problematic aspects of the culture of medical education are essential steps to advance efforts to improve medical learner well-being. Although a healthy environment may allow learners to be well in the educational setting, a health-promoting learning environment strives to promote and embed well-being across all aspects of the learner's experience. Health-promoting learning environments operate by infusing health principles into all aspects of operations, practices, mandates, and businesses. The Okanagan Charter is a widely adopted international framework with principles for best practices of adoption. This charter has the recent endorsement of the Association of Faculties of Medicine of Canada, representing all faculties of medicine in Canada, and serves as a framework for reassessing work on well-being in medical education. In response to this endorsement, the authors have adapted the 5 strategies from the charter for pragmatic integration into the medical education environment and added a sixth strategy: (1) embed health in all policies; (2) develop sustainable, supportive spaces; (3) create thriving medical communities and culture; (4) encourage, support, and sustain meaningful personal development; (5) review, develop, and strengthen faculty-level health services; and (6) collaborate and invest in continuous improvement and evaluation. For each of these 6 strategic directions, actionable steps for implementation in academic medicine are provided to create sustainable and meaningful change.

Community Ecosystem Mapping: A Foundational Step for Effective Community Engagement in Research and Knowledge Mobilization.

Community engagement is a key strategy for achieving various goals, such as social and environmental change, sustainable development, health promotion, and community building. It involves collaborations and partnerships with the community that help mobilize resources, impact systems, rectify partner dynamics, and function as catalysts for modifying policies, programs, and practices. It also ensures mutual trust among all parties involved, giving community members greater personal agency and involvement potential. We have learned a range of practical aspects of community engagement with communities, particularly with immigrant/racialized communities, by running a community-engaged program of research on the health and wellness issues of immigrant/racialized communities in Calgary, Canada. In this article, we focus on a crucial early step of community engagement-understanding the community ecosystem. The community ecosystem refers to its human, social, and cultural makeups. Understanding this ecosystem requires conscious efforts to comprehend the demography, participate in socio-cultural events, identify community spots, reach out to hard-to-access groups, find the community champions and communication channels/organizations, and reaching out to them to establish relationships. Understanding the community ecosystem allows us to identify the pivotal factors, key actors, and pulse of the community that we are engaging with. This enables us to build mutual trust and goals for research and knowledge mobilization. Subsequently, an empowered, continual, and collaborative partnership becomes possible, resulting in sustained and desirable outcomes.

Conceptualization of Co-Creation, Co-Design and Co-Production with Children for Health-Promoting Physical Environments: A Systematic Search and Scoping Review

Abstract: This scoping review identified 36 peer-reviewed studies that used a co-creation, co-design or co-production process with children (0-17 years) to understand and/or influence the physical (built or natural) environment. We examined conceptualizations of child participation and of "co" processes. Our findings highlight the opportunity for developing and improving use of child participation models; how children and childhood are viewed by adults involved in the process matters; a need for more discriminate use of the terms co-creation, co-design and co-production with clear definitions; and confirmed the flexibility of "co" processes. Based on these findings, we developed a reporting checklist for physical environment-focused studies using "co" processes with children.

Desastres com petróleo e ações governamentais ante os impactos socioambientais e na saúde: scoping review

ABSTRACT This article aims to analyze the actions taken by governments to face the social, environmental, and health impacts of oil spill disasters worldwide. This scoping review was conducted in Bireme, Lilacs, SciELO, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases, considering articles published between 1973 and 2021. The database search returned 22 articles on ten global oil disasters in three continents (Asia, the Americas, and Europe), whose causes were grounding (03), shipwreck (01), collision (02), spill (03), and explosion (01). The actions developed were characterized as intersectoral, economic, environmental, and health-related, and the most frequent were environmental and economic actions. In the actions developed, we observed criticisms of controlling, mitigating, or preventing instantaneous or future damages resulting from oil disasters, which is still an open agenda for social movements in the struggle to ensure a healthy, health-promoting environment that preserves all its biodiversity. The actions to face oil disasters in different countries seem incipient, revealing a governmental inability to guide the confrontation of the impacts of this unusual event.