Health Problems Research Articles

Preparation and characterization of β-cyclodextrin capped magnetic nanoparticles anchored on cellulosic matrix for removal of cr(VI) from mimicked wastewater: Adsorption and kinetic studies

Hexavalent Chromium (Cr(VI)) is essential in many industrial processes. However, it finds its way into water bodies, posing health problems, including lung cancer and the inhibition of DNA and RNA in biological systems. Several chemical and traditional water purification methods have been developed in the past, but most are expensive, tedious and ineffective. This study aimed to prepare and characterize a low-cost hybrid adsorbent, β-Cyclodextrin capped magnetic nanoparticles anchored on a cellulosic matrix (CNC-Fe3O4NP-CD). The characterization techniques confirmed the integration of CNCs, Fe3O4NP and CD into the prepared CNC-Fe3O4NP-CD nanocomposite adsorbent. The adsorbent was employed in batch adsorption experiments by varying adsorption parameters, including solution pH, adsorbent dosage, initial Cr(VI) concentration, and contact time. From the findings, the nanocomposite adsorbent achieved a maximum Cr(VI) removal efficiency of 97.45%, while the pseudo-second-order kinetic model best fitted the experimental data with high linear regression coefficients (R2 > 0.98). The Elovich model indicated that the adsorption process was driven by chemisorption on heterogeneous surface sites, with initial sorption rates surpassing desorption rates. These findings established that CNC-Fe3O4NP-CD presents high efficiency for Cr(VI) removal under acidic pH, offering the potential for optimization and application in real-world wastewater treatment.

Nrf2 Deficiency Exacerbates the Decline in Swallowing and Respiratory Muscle Mass and Function in Mice with Aspiration Pneumonia

Aspiration pneumonia exacerbates swallowing and respiratory muscle atrophy. It induces respiratory muscle atrophy through three steps: proinflammatory cytokine production, caspase-3 and calpain, and then ubiquitin–proteasome activations. In addition, autophagy induces swallowing muscle atrophy. Nrf2 is the central detoxifying and antioxidant gene whose function in aspiration pneumonia is unclear. We explored the role of Nrf2 in aspiration pneumonia by examining swallowing and respiratory muscle mass and function using wild-type and Nrf2-knockout mice. Pepsin and lipopolysaccharide aspiration challenges caused aspiration pneumonia. The swallowing (digastric muscles) and respiratory (diaphragm) muscles were isolated. Quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to assess their proteolysis cascade. Pathological and videofluoroscopic examinations evaluated atrophy and swallowing function, respectively. Nrf2-knockouts showed exacerbated aspiration pneumonia compared with wild-types. Nrf2-knockouts exhibited more persistent and intense proinflammatory cytokine elevation than wild-types. In both mice, the challenge activated calpains and caspase-3 in the diaphragm but not in the digastric muscles. The digastric muscles showed extended autophagy activation in Nrf2-knockouts compared to wild-types. The diaphragms exhibited autophagy activation only in Nrf2-knockouts. Nrf2-knockouts showed worsened muscle atrophies and swallowing function compared with wild-types. Thus, activation of Nrf2 may alleviate inflammation, muscle atrophy, and function in aspiration pneumonia, a major health problem for the aging population, and may become a therapeutic target.

Suicidal ideation and thoughts of self-harm during the COVID-19 pandemic among Swedish employees: a cohort study on the role of job instability and job insecurity

BackgroundSuicidal ideation may be a warning sign for suicide and previous work has indicated a higher prevalence of suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Job loss and job insecurity are potential risk factors for suicidal ideation, but their importance during the pandemic, and the role of organizational changes for suicidal ideation, is unclear. This study examined the association between various experiences associated with job loss and job insecurity during the pandemic and thoughts of suicide/self-harm in Sweden.MethodsThe study sample was drawn from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH). Auxiliary data collections in February 2021 and 2022 assessed exposure to job loss/unemployment, furlough, workplace downsizing, or increased job insecurity versus stable employment and thoughts of suicide or self-harm (PHQ-9) during the pandemic. The analyses were based on 1558 individuals (2 349 observations) participating in either or both waves and who had been working before the pandemic. Logistic regression models with cluster-robust standard errors were fitted, including sociodemographic factors and prior mental health problems to control for potential confounding. Measures of personality based on a brief version of the Big-Five personality inventory were also added.ResultsThe results indicated an association between all experiences, except furlough, and thoughts of suicide/self-harm, when adjusting for sex, age, civil status, socioeconomic status and prior mental health (job loss odds ratio (OR) = 3.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.79–7.63, downsizing OR = 2.41, CI 1.24–4.70, job insecurity OR = 2.77, CI 1.15–6.67). The associations for job loss and insecurity were attenuated by adjustment for personality, although it remained statistically significant for downsizing.ConclusionsThe results suggested a higher risk of suicidal ideation connected with loss of employment and survival of a downsizing, but not a forced reduction in working times/pay during the COVID-19 pandemic. The association for subjective job insecurity was less robust and may be partly explained by personality.

Lay Perspectives on Drug (De)Criminalization and the (De)Stigmatization of People Who Use Illicit Drugs

Background: Substance use stigma has been framed as contributing to the drug toxicity crisis. We theorize the political function of drug criminalization as contributing to a system of stigma that exerts social control over people who use illicit drugs (PWUID). Consequently, drug decriminalization may be a potential destigmatizing solution. Since decriminalization is often positioned as an antistigma intervention targeting the public, it is important to understand how laypeople conceptualize decriminalization. Methods: We acquired, via a Freedom of Information request, 221 deputations sent to the City of Vancouver regarding Motion B.4, which would advance decriminalization. We used reflexive thematic analysis to explore: (1) how laypeople conceptualized drug (de)criminalization and its relation to the (de)stigmatization of PWUID; and (2) the potential implications of the various conceptualizations of (de)criminalization for the autonomy of PWUID. Results: Supporters of Motion B.4 commonly assumed decriminalization would destigmatize PWUID. Supporters also often argue that the drug toxicity crisis is a public health problem, not a criminal one. However, the public health model of decriminalization advocated by some supporters still limited the autonomy of PWUID. Meanwhile, those opposed commonly positioned social control of PWUID as necessary, including opponents who argued that decriminalization was a form of systemic neglect that abandons PWUID. This view was echoed by some proponents, notably those who argued for a public health model of decriminalization. Finally, some proponents asserted that PWUID should be included in the policymaking process, though few deputations came from self-identified PWUID. All PWUID argued that decriminalization must exclude the police. Conclusion: Our analysis of lay perspectives on decriminalization highlights the importance of models that adequately address all levels of stigma for PWUID. Models that fail to preserve the autonomy of PWUID are likely to reproduce their stigmatization.

Euglena Attenuates High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity and Especially Glucose Intolerance

Background: Obesity, a global disease, can lead to different chronic diseases and a series of social health problems. Lifestyle changes, especially dietary changes, are the most effective way to treat obesity. Euglena, a novel food, has attracted much attention. Previous studies have shown that Euglena is an important modulator of the host immune response. In this study, the effects of Euglena as a nutritional intervention in high-fat-diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice were investigated regarding adipose tissue accumulation and lipid and glucose metabolism by gavage at the dose of 100 mg/kg bodyweight for 9 weeks. This study is one of the few to investigate, in detail, the preventive effects of dietary Euglena on obesity. Methods: Five-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity. An obesity model was created by feeding the high-fat diet for a period of 10 weeks. Obese mice were randomized into 2 groups with the same mean body weight, and no significant differences were observed between the groups: (1) the mice in the HEG group were maintained on a high-fat diet and daily gavaged with Euglena (100 mg/kg body weight) dissolved in saline (n = 7); and (2) the mice in the HFD group were maintained on a high-fat diet and daily gavaged with saline with the same volume (n = 7). The experiment finished after a nine-week period. Results: The results showed that Euglena could reduce the accumulation of white body fat, including subcutaneous fat and visceral fat, and mainly targeted subcutaneous fat. Euglena also reduced adipocyte particle size expansion, promoted lipolysis in adipose (adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive triglyceride lipase) and liver tissue (reduced non-esterified fatty acid content), and improved obesity-induced ectopic fat deposition and glucose tolerance. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that Euglena, as a nutritional intervention in HFDs, efficiently reduces body weight and white adipose tissue deposition. The mechanism of Euglena is mainly though enhancing lipolysis. It is worth noting that Euglena β-glucan recovers the hyperglycemia and accumulation of ectopic fat within the liver induced by HFD. Our study is one of the few studies to report in detail the preventive effects of dietary Euglena on obesity in vivo. This study revealed that Euglena also has an important ameliorative effect on obesity and metabolic disorders, which laid a theoretical foundation for its future application in functional foods.

Prevalence of Malaria Infection among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi

Malaria is a major health problem affecting people in the tropics and sub-tropical regions of the world. This cross-sectional hospital-based study was carried out to determine the prevalence of malaria infection among pregnant women attending a tertiary hospital in Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria. A total of 100 venous blood samples were collected from pregnant women into EDTA tubes and examined using field-stained thick and thin films for identification of malaria parasites. Demographic information such as age, trimester and insecticide-treated nets usage was obtained using a structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22. The chi-square test was used to determine the difference among the variables studied and P≤ 0.05 were considered significant. Out of the 100 blood samples examined, 27 were infected and had an overall prevalence of 27%. Women within the age bracket of 31-35 years had the highest prevalence rate 11(36.7%) while no infection was recorded in the 41-45 years age group 0(0.0%). Pregnant women in their first trimester had the highest infection prevalence of 13(35.1%) while those in their third trimester had the least prevalence of 5(17.9%). In relation to ITN’s usage, pregnant women who don’t normally sleep under ITNs had the highest infection prevalence 23(31.5%) while those who usually sleep under ITNS had the least prevalence rate 4(14.8%). It is pertinent to periodically check the malaria infection status of pregnant women attending antenatal services. Prophylactic treatment should be routinely administered to avoid pregnancy complications due to malaria infection.

Influence of therapy exposures on specific late morbidities, prescription drug purchases, and mortality in aging male survivors of childhood cancer: A registry-based study.

Childhood cancer treatments predispose to late health problems and premature death. Our aim was to use national registry data to study associations between cancer therapy exposures and late health outcomes in aging male childhood cancer survivors (CCS). The study comprised 200 male CCS (survival ≥5 years) treated with conventional cancer therapy at a single institution in 1964-2000 and 1000 matched population controls. Analyses involved registry-based data on prescription drug purchases, reimbursements for chronic conditions, hospital admissions, and deaths that occurred ≥5 years after the cancer diagnosis. Mean age of CCS was 45.4 years. Compared to population controls, CCS had a higher risk for hospital admissions due to cardiovascular diseases and late mortality, both of which increased after age 40 years. CCS also had a higher risk for purchases of antihypertensives and lipid-lowering drugs within the last year of the study. Heart radiation ≥10 Gy was associated with hospitalizations due to cardiovascular diseases (HR 4.14, 95%CI 1.81-9.48), purchases of antihypertensives (OR 3.05, 95%CI 1.32-7.36), and purchases of lipid-lowering drugs (OR 2.93, 95%CI 1.08-7.73). Testosterone deficiency developed typically during pediatric follow-up, and it was associated with testicular radiation ≥20 Gy (HR 41.2, 95%CI 15.4-110) but not with alkylating agents. Of patients treated with testicular radiation ≥20 Gy, 91% had purchased testosterone within the last year. Reassuringly, CCS had no excess risk for purchases of opioids, anxiolytics, antiepileptics, or antidepressants. These findings emphasize the need for risk-based follow-up. Middle-aged male CCS are at an increased risk of premature cardiovascular morbidity and excess mortality.

Microfluidics for foodborne bacteria analysis: Moving toward multiple technologies integration.

Food security related to bacterial pathogens has seriously threatened human life and caused public health problems. Most of the reported methods are targeted at known major pathogens commonly found in food samples, but to some extent, they have the disadvantage of lacking simplicity, speed, high throughput, and high sensitivity. Microfluidics has become a promising tool for foodborne bacteria analysis and addresses the above limitations. In this perspective, we briefly discussed the ongoing research and development in this field. We outline the major types of microfluidics, the strategies of target biorecognition, and signal amplification technologies in the microfluidic system for the foodborne bacteria analysis. We also proposed the future directions of microfluidics for foodborne bacterial analysis, which aims to integrate multiple technologies toward intelligent analysis with high selectivity and sensitivity for unknown samples, multiple bacterial detection, and simultaneous detection of multiple food pollutants.

Human Health Risk Assessment and Water Quality Index of piped water supply system in Gulshan-e-Iqbal Town, Karachi (A Preliminary Town level study).

In the present study, piped water samples from Gulshan-e-Iqbal Town, Karachi, were evaluated for their Health Risk Assessment (HRA) and Water Quality Index (WQI). For this, different physicochemical and microbiological parameters were analyzed, and the results were evaluated according to the guidelines established by the WHO (2011) and the National Standards for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) (2008). With the exception of sulphate, all physicochemical parameters were well within the guideline values. The mean concentrations of the metals in the samples were in the following order: Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Zn > Fe > Pb > Ni > Cr > As. More than 70% of the samples tested for Total Coliform Count (TCC), Total Faecal Coliform Count (TFC), Total Feacal Streptococci (TFS), and Total Aerobic Count (TAC) were feacal contaminated. E. coli was also isolated in almost 84.61% of the tested piped water samples. Results from the WQI revealed that 95.6% of samples had good physico-chemical characteristics, and 26% of the piped water samples had good microbiological quality. The WQI readings of all the samples for metals showed that they were unfit for human consumption. The mean Chronic Daily Intake (CDI) and Hazard Quotient (HQ) values, respectively, were in the following order: Zn > Fe > Pb > Ni > Cr > As, and Pb > As > Ni > Cr > Zn > Fe. All HQ values for As and Pb were greater than 1, and 50% of piped water samples had an HQ value for Ni that was greater than 1, indicating that people may suffer serious health issues as a result. All of the piped water samples except the area of block 13 D (S-5), had HQ values of less than 1 in relation to iron, but Zn HQ values of less than 1 indicated only mild health problems. Discharge of untreated sewage and cross-contamination are all potential sources of contamination that could result in diseases that are harmful to the public's health. Water monitoring and management projects should be implemented in order to improve pipeline infrastructure and reduce sewage leakages.

Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of Somaraji Taila Extract & Taila in Dadru Kushta (Tinea Infections) - An Experimental Study

Dermatophytosis has become a significant health problem affecting children, adolescents, and adults worldwide. In India 5 out of 1000 people suffer from Tinea infections. The present study evaluated the antifungal activity of Somaraji Taila in Tinea (Dermatophytosis) in Invitro & Invivo model. Cultures were brought from MTCC a government body and inoculated in SDA media under aseptic condition. Later it was subjected to microscopic and macroscopic examination to identify the organism. A sensitivity test was done using SDA media by well diffusion method, with 4 different concentrations of Hydro-Methanolic extraction of Somaraji Taila ingredients. After the incubation period, the zone of inhibition was checked and was measured in mm. As the next phase of the study, animal study was also conducted to check antifungal properties & anti dermal toxicity on albino rat skin.

Teenage pregnancy in rural Ethiopia : The case of Jima Arjo District, East Wallaga, Western Ethiopia

ABSTRACT Background : Teenage pregnancy is a major public health concern in developing nations like Ethiopia. Many psychological, financial, and health problems are associated with it. Objective : To determine the magnitude and associated factors of teenage pregnancy among teenagers visiting public health facilities in Jima Arjo district, East wallaga, Western Ethiopia, 2022. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 421 teenage females(10 to 19 years) in Jima Arjo District from February 15 to May 30, 2022. Data were collected , cleaned and analayzed using Epidata version 3.1. Level of significance of association was determined at a P- value?<?0.05. Results: In this study, the magnitude of teenage pregnancy was 17.1%. Married participants, attending secondary school, no awareness on family planning, not living with parents, and having a sister with the history of teenage pregnancy were significantly associated with teenage pregnancy. Conclusion: This study found that the magnitude of teenage pregnancy was high. Key stakeholders should work on prevention of early marriage, raise awareness on family planning, and encourage females’ education. Keywords: magnitude, associated factors, teenage pregnancy, Jima Arjo, East Wallaga

Assessing Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Tobacco Cultivators Regarding Their Health Hazards: A Study on Kushtia District

Abstract Background and aims: Tobacco farming is common in Bangladesh, particularly in Kushtia district, but it's harmful to farmers' health. This study looks at what tobacco farmers know, think, and do about their health. The findings will help create targeted interventions to improve their well-being. Methods: A survey was conducted among 300 tobacco farmers in Kushtia Sadar, Mirpur, and Daulatpur upazilas, including 214 males (71.3%) and 86 females (28.7%). Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering demographics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis were performed using SPSS version 27 and Microsoft Excel version 19. Results: The study found that 71.3% of tobacco farmers were men, and 38% had no formal education. Health problems were common, with 33% reporting allergies, 32% suffering from coughs and breathing issues, and 24% experiencing headaches. While 73.3% recognized the harmful effects of pesticides, only 59.3% were aware of the risks of handling tobacco leaves, and 40.7% acknowledged serious health risks from tobacco farming. Correlation analysis showed education level positively correlated with reporting physical health problems (r = 0.181, p < 0.01). Physical health problems also correlated with acknowledging pesticide risks (r = 0.230, p < 0.01) and concerns about long-term health effects (r = -0.240, p < 0.01). Conclusion: In summary, this study highlights the need for targeted intervention to enhance knowledge and safer farming techniques, while also advocating for measures to protect farmers' health and promote sustainable practices in the tobacco sector. Keywords: Knowledge, Tobacco Cultivators, Health Hazards.

Gambaran Jumlah Leukosit pada Penderita Demam Berdarah Dengue di Klinik DR.Trisna Garut

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a public health problem in Indonesia whose number of cases continues to increase and its spread is increasingly widespread.Tests used to diagnose dengue fever include a white blood cell count test.White blood cells are cells that play a role in the body's defense system. The reason is, white blood cells help fight infections in the body, such as viruses, bacteria, parasites and fungi. In patients infected with dengue fever, the white blood cell count is usually normal but then decreases (leukopenia) and neutropenia becomes dominant. Thisresearch was conducted from March to April 2023.The aim of this study was to measure the number of white blood cells in dengue fever patients.This type of research is descriptive. The research was carried out using an automatic analysis method (blood analysis) in the laboratory ofKlinik Dr.Trisna Garut, using samples from 30 dengue fever patients who were tested. In this study, the number of white blood cells in dengue fever patients at Klinik Dr.Trisna Garut was 14 (46.7%).Wich is Normal And the white blood cell count results of dengue fever patients at Klinik Dr.Tisna Garut General Hospital decreased by 16 (54.3%).

The Need to Develop Educational Programs to Support People with Mental Health Problems in Iran: A Guide for Non-specialists

The Need to Develop Educational Programs to Support People with Mental Health Problems in Iran: A Guide for Non-specialists

Presenteeism among teachers and administrators in primary and secondary schools in Morocco case study: The Moroccan public school system

This research is conducted with the aim of studying presenteeism among teachers and administrators in Moroccan public schools. It seeks to enhance knowledge and understanding of a recently recognized subject, namely, presenteeism. Presenteeism is a novel concept in organizational behavior that describes an individual who is physically present yet mentally disengaged. It denotes productivity that falls below expectations despite the employee's attendance and presumed competence, and it encompasses subpar performance by an employee who reports to work while being unwell. It also includes a phenomenon of excessive presence in the workplace. Empirical research on presenteeism is reasonably plentiful, mostly in the domains of medical and management, but empirical studies in the realm of education are exceedingly scarce. This research seeks to enhance our comprehension of presenteeism by identifying the factors that compel teachers and administrators to engage in it, as well as by elucidating the repercussions that ensue from this behavior. This study is carried out at primary and secondary schools in Casablanca, specifically at the Elfida Mers Sultan Directorate, using a sample of 32 instructors and 20 administrators. Key findings indicate that presenteeism is an under-recognized but widespread phenomenon, with 55.8% of participants admitting to having worked while ill. Contributing factors identified were workplace conflicts, demanding schedules, health problems, burnout, advanced age and lack of training in this area among administrators. The effects of presenteeism have a negative impact on student engagement, academic performance and lead to behaviors such as inattention and classroom disruptions.

Effective methods for population control of dogs and cats in the municipality of Salinópolis, Pará

In Brazil, the overpopulation of dogs and cats is growing exponentially, causing adverse public and environmental health problems. The multiplication of these stray animal’s results in an increase in abandonment and mistreatment, also facilitating the proliferation of zoonoses, causing impacts on human health. Surgical sterilization, linked to educational programs aimed at the population, promotes awareness among owners regarding responsible ownership and can largely solve these problems, especially through greater incentives from public policies. In view of the above, this study aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of neutering programs for dogs and cats with the aim of controlling this population, focusing on the One Health approach. On November 15th, 16th and 17th, 2019, the Veterinários da Amazônia group carried out a free surgical sterilization action in the municipality of Salinópolis, Pará, using the minimally invasive technique with a snook hook for ovariohysterectomy in female felines and canines, and pre-scrotal orchiectomy in male canines, and scrotal in male felines, resulting in 98 sterilizations, 55.1% canines and 46.9% felines, demonstrating a greater demand for the castration of female animals. Based on this, it is estimated that approximately 1,152 births of puppies and kittens were presented annually by the sterilization campaign in the municipality of Salinópolis - PA, of which 576 were felines and 576 were dogs, representing an impact of approximately 16.52% on the feline community and approximately 6.27% on the canine community of the municipality. These data indicate that the campaign was of great importance in reducing the birth rate, contributing significantly to the control of the stray animal population and to the promotion of animal welfare in the region. However, for effective birth control, greater awareness of the population regarding responsible guardianship as a predominant factor in animal welfare and subsequently the reduction of abandoned dogs and cats is required.

Measuring Effectiveness Based on Patient Experience (Instead of QALYs) in US Value Assessments.

A key challenge in value assessment is how to summarize effectiveness, particularly the impact of interventions on patient health-related quality of life (HRQoL). One approach is to quantify the gains in HRQoL and life expectancy together as quality-adjusted life years (QALYs); however, this approach has faced various criticisms regarding its potential discriminatory aspects toward persons with disabilities, older adults, and the most vulnerable individuals in society. Instead of QALYs, we provide an alternative approach that summarizes HRQoL gains from the perspective of its stakeholders (e.g., patients, parents, and caregivers) using an "experience" scale. On an experience scale, a positive value signifies an experience better than having no experience at all, while a negative value indicates an experience worse than having no experience. To illustrate the merits of this approach, we examine US preferences on the relief of child health problems, namely a discrete choice experiment (DCE) with kaizen tasks and alternatives described using the EQ-5D-Y-3L. Using this approach, we demonstrate the differences in perspectives between parents (N = 179), mothers (N = 99), and fathers (N = 80) of children younger than 18 years of age, as well as the feasibility of this patient-centered approach using a brief DCE survey of less than 100 respondents each (and without QALYs). Specifically, we found that mothers place a higher value on the child's feelings than fathers. The results also suggest other differences between the perspectives of mothers and fathers, but these differences were not statistically significant (p-values < .05). We put forth that future value assessments may summarize gains in HRQoL on a patient experience scale (i.e., experience scale from the patient perspective) to inform decision-making.

Associations of Climatic Variables with Health Problems in Dairy Sheep Farms in Greece

This study aimed to study the potential effects of climatic conditions prevalent at the locations of sheep farms in the country. The specific objectives were to explore associations between climatic variables and the incidence of four clinical problems in sheep farms and, moreover, to compare these to the health management practices applied in the farms. Our hypothesis was that climatic factors may be associated with the prevalence of diseases in sheep farms; this will provide information regarding potential weather effects, to take into account in the efforts for control of the diseases. Data were obtained during a large cross-sectional investigation performed across Greece involving 325 sheep flocks. Climatic variables prevailing at the location of each farm were derived from ‘The POWER Project’. The annual incidence rate for abortion was 2.0% (95% confidence intervals: 1.9–2.1%), for clinical mastitis 3.9% (3.8–4.0%), for lamb pneumonia 1.4% (1.3–1.4%) and for lamb diarrhoea 7.9% (7.8–8.1%). In multivariable analyses, climatic variables emerged as significant predictors for abortion—high annual precipitation at the farm location (p = 0.024)—and for lamb diarrhoea—high average annual temperature range at the farm location (p &lt; 0.0001)—but not for clinical mastitis or lamb pneumonia. The potential effects of climatic variables were found to be more important in lambs than in adult animals. Future studies may focus on how variations in temperature and precipitation can be translated into on-farm metrics to understand the impacts on sheep health and welfare.

Формування фізичної готовності до школи у дітей старшого дошкільного віку засобом спортивних ігор

An analysis of studies on the problem of forming physical readiness for school in older preschool children has been conducted. It is emphasized that physical readiness is fundamental for a child's successful adaptation to the school environment. It includes the development of motor skills, coordination, endurance, and strength, which are crucial for a child’s ability to perform various school tasks, from writing letters to participating in active games during breaks. Insufficient physical preparedness can lead to difficulties in mastering the school curriculum, decreased attention span, quick fatigue, and even health problems. Therefore, it is essential to develop the necessary physical qualities in children before they start school. It has been established that sports games are an effective tool for ensuring the physical readiness of older preschoolers for school. Games help develop coordination, strength, endurance, and flexibility, which are important for comprehensive physical development. The aim of the study is to determine the impact of sports games on the formation of physical readiness for school in older preschool children. At the initial stage of the study, generalized results of the level of physical readiness for school revealed that only 20% of children in the experimental group (EG) and 16% in the control group (CG) showed a high level of readiness, 58% of children in the EG and 52% in the CG showed a medium level, and 22% of children in the EG and 31% in the CG showed a low level. It was noted that the initial level of physical readiness for school in children from both the experimental and control groups was approximately the same at the beginning of the formative stage of the study. During the research, a system was developed and tested, aimed at enhancing the level of physical readiness for school in older preschool children, with active use of sports games elements. The proposed system of work involved organizing activities with children through play and was implemented sequentially across three interrelated stages: introductory, active, and creative. By the end of the study, the results in the CG and EG were as follows: a high level of physical readiness was shown by 46% of children in the EG and 24% in the CG, a medium level by 42% in the EG and 52% in the CG, and a low level by 12% in the EG and 24% in the CG.

Relationship Between The Incidence Of Hypertension And Triglyceride Levels In Bus Drivers At Arjosari Terminal, Malang City

Hypertension is a health problem that is widely encountered in the community and correlates with other diseases. There are many factors that cause hypertension, one of which is abnormal triglyceride levels or hypertriglycerides. Higher levels of triglycerides will inhibit the occurrence of lipogenesis. Lipogenesis is a factor that causes hypertension from food intake, this is because food has a significant role in increasing blood pressure, especially protein and fat. This study aims to determine the relationship between triglyceride levels and hypertension. This type of research is an analytical research with the crosssectional method, statistical data analysis using correlation regression, the number of population as many as 50 respondents and the sample used as many as 21 respondents. Data collection using questionnaires, blood pressure measurements and triglyceride level checks. Blood pressure measurement is done manually and then for the examination of triglyceride levels using the GPO-PAP method is carried out in the laboratory of the Bareng Health Center using a spectrophotometer. The statistical analysis used is the correlation Pearson test. The results of the study on bus drivers with high blood pressure showed that some respondents had high triglyceride levels because they often ate fatty foods. Based on the examination that has been carried out on 21 bus driver respondents at the Arjosari Terminal, Malang City, it shows that triglyceride levels and high blood pressure have no relationship, with the test results using the Pearson correlation statistical test obtained a result of P=0.0766 0.05 with a Pearson value of P=-0.069 correlation meaning that it does not have a relationship with the degree of very weak relationship.