Health Of Citizens Research Articles

대구 달서구 공원의 범죄 안전성 평가

A well-established park can contribute a lot to the physical activity and mental health of citizens by increasing the use of the park by citizens, but a poorly-established park can make users feel isolated, and furthermore, it can provide opportunities for crime and unwanted activities. Recent violent crimes in parks have raised many questions about the safety of citizens from crimes in parks. Therefore, this study conducted a study for the purpose of evaluating whether parks are safe from crime in parks in Dalseo-gu, Daegu. While previous studies introduced small samples and technical research methods, this study selected 90 parks and attempted a quantitative evaluation by introducing factor analysis methods in the evaluation method. Specifically, this study presented the 10 parks that received the lowest evaluation in the seven principles by performing factor analysis based on the evaluation criteria of the seven principles of CPTED (natural surveillance, electrical surveillance, mechanical surveillance, activity support, natural access control, and maintenance). Based on these evaluation results, this study presents various policy proposals necessary for local governments, including parks, to make parks safer from crime.

Aproximación conceptual del término “Diseasogenic”, desde una perspectiva urbanística

The rapid urban growth in the Anthropocene poses social challenges for well-being. The term "diseasogenic," originating from the Global North, highlights the relationship between cities and health. The objectives of this study were i) to propose the concept of "pathogenic city" as equivalent to "diseasogenic" based on academic publications from the Global South and ii) to provide a unified operational definition within the framework of urban planning. In this systematic review, using Google Scholar, the content of 7 English-language scientific publications containing "diseasogenic" and 9 Spanish-language publications containing "entornos patógenos" and "ciudad patógena" was analyzed from 27 and 16 initially detected scientific publications, respectively. In English, 3 conference papers, 2 book chapters, 1 scientific article, and 1 review article were analyzed. In Spanish, 9 scientific articles were reviewed. This state-of-the-art review on the application, usage, and operational definition of the term 'diseasogenic' from an urban-architectural perspective is a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory investigation. The results revealed the relationship between "diseasogenic" and "pathogenic city" and their interaction with urban planning and citizen health management. It is concluded that an emerging definition of urban pathologies fosters identification between the Global North and South, recognizing points of convergence in the impacts of cities on urban and individual health of their occupants regardless of the hemisphere they inhabit.

Legal regulation of responsibility for violation of traffic rules in Ukraine

The article is devoted to the study of legal regulation of responsibility for violation of traffic rules in Ukraine. Analyzing official statistics, it can be stated that the number of traffic accidents has decreased significantly in recent years compared to previous years. But despite this, almost every day the news is full of information about road accidents that have fatal consequences. In such a situation, it is simply dangerous to count on the professionalism of drivers, the serviceability of vehicles, the responsibility of pedestrians, and the safety of the transport infrastructure. Currently, it does not matter who you are - a pedestrian, a driver, or a passenger - every road user must understand the importance and necessity of following the rules of the road. Very often, the main incentive for compliance with such rules of conduct by all road users is the normatively established responsibility for their violation. The normative-legal regulation of responsibility for violation of traffic rules aims to protect social relations in the field of ensuring road traffic safety and fixes the following types: civil, administrative, criminal.
 The issue of legal regulation of responsibility for violations of traffic rules in Ukraine plays a significant role because it has significant potential for improving the quality of life of citizens, developing the country's economy by implementing the fundamental goal of legal regulation of road safety - reducing the number of road accidents and saving the lives of Ukrainian citizens.
 The peculiarity of civil liability for violation of traffic rules is compensation for damage caused by the use of vehicles, which is a source of increased danger.
 Administrative responsibility for violation of traffic rules consists in applying fines to road users for violation of the mentioned rules, operation of transport and roads.
 Criminal liability in the field of road traffic safety arises if, during the use of a vehicle, a danger to life, human health, property, environmental safety, public safety, rights and legitimate interests of citizens, enterprises, institutions, organizations is created.

MANAGEMENT OF COMBATING FOOD FRAUD IN THE FIELD OF PUBLIC CATERING

Food that is safe, made and declared nutritionally correct and free movement contribute significantly to the health and well-being of citizens and to their social and economic interests. This is essential for the EU internal market and food fraud prevention and detection policies make an important contribution to the exercise of this responsibility. The prevalence of food fraud can be explained by the complex nature of global food supply chains and the economic incentive to provide cheaper food. Fraudulent practices in the food sector can also lead to risks to public health.This paper highlights the main strategies and measures to effectively combat food fraud in public catering in Romania. Due to the impact of food fraud issues on public health and consumer confidence, it is important to build and implement a system of appropriate prevention, control and improvement measures (SPCI - food fraud - PA). Raising awareness of the risks associated with food fraud, educating consumers and catering workers is the main pillar of the proposed system. Standardization of food quality and safety, monitoring of supply chains, transparency and exchange of information, cooperation between links in the food chain, and appropriate sanctioning of those involved in fraud, are key issues addressed in this paper. The development of a set of recommendations for consumers and operators lays the foundation for activities that will support the national plan to reduce food fraud. By implementing these strategies, we can develop a system that makes catering safer, more transparent, an economic sector that preserves product integrity and protects public health.

Features of Classification of Crimes Committed by Persons using Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Healthcare

Recognizing positive possibilities of artificial intelligence technologies in healthcare, as well as current ways to use them, the author identifies the main forms of implementation of digital innovation: physical form in the form of a medical robot and intellectual form in the form of software, registered as medical devices. It is stated that the legal issues related to bringing to justice for actions related to the use of intelligent systems in healthcare, which led to negative consequences, including harm to the life and health of patients, have yet to be resolved. According to the current legal regulation in Russia it is a medical organization and a medical professional using artificial intelligence systems or medical robotics equipped with digital technologies who are held liable for the harm caused to the life and (or) health of citizens while providing them with medical care. In turn, system developers, as well as those who train a system based on artificial intelligence (developers of artificial intelligence systems), are not held liable. The problems of classification of crimes committed by medical professionals using artificial intelligence technologies in healthcare are considered. A medical worker providing medical care using artificial intelligence may be the subject of a crime under Part 2 of Article 109 and part 2 of Article 118 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, but not under Article 238 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. In addition, the rules for the classification of crimes committed by other entities (the operator of information systems) using artificial intelligence technologies are formulated.

Comparison of TB in India and Japan

Tuberculosis bacterium (TB) is still a major world public problem, especially in Southeast Asia. Data in 2021 from WHO showed that 10,600,000 population infected with TB and more than 10% among them died. Tuberculosis, as a bacterial disease, is capable of infecting different organs of human body, especially lung, which cause many serious symptoms and even death. It can spread through the air or small liquid drops that produced by breath, speaking and so on. This review firstly describes the characteristic of TB infection in India and Japan, compares the past tuberculosis situation between the two countries, and summarizes some shortcomings of TB control in India including lack of nationwide surveys, lower vaccination coverage, and low-quality welfare system to the health of citizens. The purpose is to provide some possible solutions for India to reduce TB from learn the experience of prevention and control in Japan, such as increasing TB education and providing nutritional supplements to undernourished people.

Использование MVP в разработке программного продукта информационной системы мониторинга инфекционных заболеваний.

In world practice, the effectiveness of management decisions taken to organize medical care for the population in the context of the COVID‑19 pandemic is associated with the construction of mathematical models based on statistical data implemented in the software of medical information systems and the development of digital technologies that allow remote observation and interaction with the patient. As information about COVID‑19 accumulates, the issue of automating the processes of collecting, accumulating, storing, analyzing and visualizing medical data has become relevant for executive authorities in the field of protecting the health of citizens in the Russian Federation. Purpose of study. To develop and to implement a software module for monitoring infectious diseases to automate basic business processes related to the provision of medical care to patients with COVID‑19. Methods. The basis for the development of MVP was the e-document flow system (EDF) «Bureaucrat». The main tool was the CUBA platform, and the following technologies were used: Spring, Groovy, YARG, HL7, SOAP, REST API, Tomcat, Vaadin, Activiti. Results. At the first five stages of creating an MVP information system for monitoring infectious diseases, the “Questionnaire” and “Observation Sheet” forms were introduced, and also integration with the Federal Register of COVID‑19 Patients was carried out, functionality for creating emergency notifications about infectious diseases was introduced, and integration with the regional information system was partially implemented. The sixth and seventh stages provided for the separation of MVP based on the Bureaucrat EDF into an independent software product with expanded functionality. Conclusions. As a result of the work, a software product was obtained, first as a module within the Bureaucrat EDF, and then as an independent information system “Infections.Net”, which was able to quickly act as an addition to RMIS in the Tyumen region and automate all necessary business processes at the regional level related to work on COVID‑19 patients in a short time frame.

Characteristics of motorization's impact on the urban population

It is known that the most important thing in maintaining the good health of citizens is to save their lives from possible fatal road accidents, ensure the cleanliness of the air space, isolation from excessive noise pollution, electromagnetic fields. The listed negative impacts generate intensive traffic flows, which are the main component of transport systems. The task of identifying the patterns of changes in motorization over the past five years has become important. Motoriization, as it was previously believed, is one of the characteristics of the well-being of the population. Growth is already accompanied in large cities by negative phenomena, such as: road accidents with loss of life; deterioration of air pool quality; excessive traffic noise; excessive electromagnetic fields that cause intense traffic flows. All these negative characteristics of the increase in the level of motorization formed the subject of this study. First of all, on the basis of statistical data, a chronological pattern of growth in the indicator of motorization has been found by year were revealed based of statistical data (they are described by showing filamentous and rectilinear equations): there is a constant increase for the period from 2017 to 2022. Functional dependencies of the influence of motorization levels on each of the hazards were also found: the influence of motorization on fatal road accidents and air pollution is described by exponential equations, and noise and electromagnetic ones are described by straight-line non-decreasing equations. Based on the obtained results, conclusions were drawn regarding the reduction of their impact by replacing conventional transport systems with intelligent transport systems with elements of artificial intelligence.

A comprehensive analysis assessing the impact of climate events on global citizens health: From the aspect of disease and public health

A comprehensive analysis assessing the impact of climate events on global citizens health: From the aspect of disease and public health

Policies Aimed at Combating COVID-19 Pandemic and Economic Crisis in Poland

Abstract Subject and purpose of work The aim of the paper is to present the course of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland and measures undertaken in order to prevent the spread of the disease and mitigate its results. The specific objective concerns evaluation of anti-crisis measures enacted during the pandemic in Poland. Materials and methods The paper is based on an analysis of official data provided by state institutions and reports on the course of the pandemic in Poland, as well as academic papers on the subject matter in question. The author employed an analytical and descriptive method in order to outline the course and assess the economic and social phenomena occurring during the pandemic. Results The state of the pandemic in Poland was announced on March 2020 and lifted in May 2023. During that period, Poland experienced two major waves of increased infections and excess deaths, which led to significant biological, economic and social damage, as well as major losses. The state has implemented an efficient and quite effective anti-pandemic measures aimed at protecting the lives and health of citizens, as well as anti-crisis policies to counter and limit the adverse effects of the ongoing pandemic in the form of an extensive financial aid in the form of the so-called Anti-Crisis Fund, which was continuously replenished. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic in Poland was an unprecedented and unpredictable phenomenon, which resulted in clear threat to the life and health of the population. It also brought upon a danger of an economic recession and social crisis, which could have resulted in deep economic crisis. The anti-pandemic measures introduced by the Polish government, as well as the anti-crisis measures implemented in quick succession, saved the country from a deep crisis and recession. There is a need for further research into the causes, course, as well as the immediate and long-term impacts of the pandemic.

Impact of Migration on the Binom Abandoned Country – Host Country

Migration is an essential vector of development when it is well managed, otherwise it can – generate irreversible macroeconomic, social and cultural imbalances. If before the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, the most persistent reasons for immigration were those of an economic, educational and family reunification order, currently, one reason becomes even more persistent, namely the reason for the safety of the life and health of the resident citizen of the Republic of Moldova. The purpose of this research is to determine the impact of migration on the economic, social and cultural development of the host countries, but also of those abandoned in the short and long term, including the role of the Republic of Moldova in this migration flow.

Perceived Urban Design Across Urban Typologies in Hanoi

In light of the rapid global urbanization, urban design has been shown to contribute largely to promoting the health and well-being of urban citizens. However, studies of urban design are underrepresented in low- and middle-income countries in Asia, where urban forms are traditionally compact and complex with multiple layers. Hanoi, a typical city in low- and middle-income countries, exhibits five unique urban typologies generated through official planning, unregulated development, and historical fluctuations. This study examines the perceived urban design from a sample of 218 participants across five urban typologies in Hanoi using an established scale. The findings suggest that perceived urban design is significantly influenced by urban typologies. Old urban typologies tend to report higher scores of land use mix and access to services but lower scores of walking facilities and street connectivity than modern urban typologies. The study contributes to our understanding of urban design in Hanoi, providing policymakers and urban designers with essential insights for sustainable urban development.

Issue of alcoholism of the population in the work of a general practitioner

Alcoholism is the major medical and social problem all over the world, including in Russia. Alcohol abuse leads to severe poisoning of the human body and provokes the development of irreversible consequences in it. Alcohol negatively affects people's health, causing illness and premature mortality of working-age citizens, leading to large losses in production, as well as huge costs for medical care. According to statistics, in the Russian Federation there are more than 5 million alcohol-dependent people, which is 3.4 % of the population, while barely half are registered. In general, it is very difficult to quantify the scale of the problem of alcohol consumption, as the majority of the rural population consumes homemade products. If we also take into account the illegal alcohol trade, the actual volume of alcohol will significantly increase. When analyzing data on the amount of alcohol consumed by the population of our country, it can be concluded that in the period from 2010 to 2012, there was a slight increase in the consumption of alcoholic beverages, then from 2012 to 2018 there was a gradual decrease in the alcohol consumption, and in 2019 there was a sharp jump in the amount of alcohol consumption by the population by 46.7 %, and this indicator has maintained its value for almost all recent 4 years, i.e. from 2019 to 2022. In general, there were no significant changes in the indicators from 2010 to 2022. Analysis of the causes and clinical manifestations of alcoholism allow creating measures to prevent this disease and influence the medical and social aspects of the population’s health and quality of life. The results of the study can be used by general practitioners in their professional activities.

ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ОБЪЕМА СТОМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ТЕРАПЕВТИЧЕСКОЙ ПОМОЩИ, ОКАЗАННОЙ В ВИДЕ ПЛАТНЫХ МЕДИЦИНСКИХ УСЛУГ

The provision of paid medical services (PMS) is declared by Federal Law No. 323-FZ dated 21.11.2011 "On the basics of protecting the health of citizens in the Russian Federation" (Article 19) [1, 5, 7]. The procedure and conditions for the provision of PMS by medical organizations are established by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of the same name dated May 11, 2023 No. 736 in the form of Rules [8, 10]. Any medical organization regardless of its organizational and legal form and form of ownership as well as an individual entrepreneur can be the provider of such services [3, 11]. An indispensable requirement for the provision of PMS is compliance with the procedures for the provision of medical care, clinical recommendations approved by non-profit professional organizations, and standards approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation [9, 10]. The provision of PMS is also regulated by the Law of the Russian Federation No. 23001 of February 7, 1992 "On Consumer Rights Protection". At the same time, there is a constant increase in the amount of PMS in the Russian Federation, their provision being an additional and quite significant source of funding for medical organizations [2, 4, 6].
 The article presents the analysis of the volume of medical services provided at the expense of citizens and in accordance with voluntary health insurance contracts in the dental department of the state medical organization for five years in the specialty of therapeutic dentistry. It is found that 71.8% of services were provided at the expense of citizens, and 28.2% were provided under voluntary medical insurance contracts. In the general structure of therapeutic and diagnostic measures, the removal of deposits on the teeth (69.3%) ranks the first, the treatment of caries being in the second place (15.0%), and the treatment of non-carious lesions of the teeth being in the third place (6.4%). The data obtained show a year-over-year increase in the volume of therapeutic and preventive care: by 1.3 times for caries, by 1.2 times for non-carious lesions of teeth, by 1.8 times for pulpitis, by 2.1 times for gingivitis. Patients do not show any interest in the paid treatment of periodontal diseases, so it takes less than one percent of the total volume of care (0.88% at the expense of citizens and 0.25% under voluntary health insurance contracts). The unfavorable epidemiological situation leads to a decrease in the volume of paid dental therapeutic care.

The impacts of urban canyons morphology on daylight availability and energy consumption of buildings in a hot-summer Mediterranean climate

Proper sunlight access has a positive impact on the physical and mental health of citizens, as well as on reducing energy consumption. This capacity may be limited by inappropriate urban morphology, and urban canyons and buildings are deprived of proper daylight. The purpose of this research is to study the current solar potential on the surface of the canyons and buildings and the effect of urban morphology parameters on the amount of each of the main variables of the research in Ilam, Iran. First, solar radiation, daylight illuminance, and air temperature were measured at different points of the studied canyons for three days. After that, the studied area was modeled with Rhino-Grasshopper software, and simulation was done using Ladybug Tools and UMI plugin. The results showed that the amount of daylight available in most canyons is low. Less than 30 % of the canyon’s surfaces benefited from 6 h of direct sunlight during the measurement. The simulation results for the 62 studied buildings showed that the highest amount of daylight is related to buildings with a height of more than 10 m. 56 % of the buildings had an annual solar radiation of less than 500 mw/m2. The roofs of the buildings received the most radiation, accounting for 72 % of the total radiation. By examining the parameters of urban morphology, it was found that the most influential parameter on the amount of solar radiation was the floor area, and the height of the buildings had the most influence on energy consumption.

Digital applications as tools for psychological adaptation of citizens to changes

As a result of the military aggression of the russian federation on the territory of Ukraine, citizens experience acute stress, other mental and emotional burdens, and psychological disorders. Digital technologies can serve as a tool to improve mental health and provide psychological support to citizens, especially for those who find it difficult to access a psychotherapist in direct contact, through the development of applications for psychological adaptation and mental balance support. The purpose of the work was to determine the availability and optimal content of mobile applications for mental health and psychological balance of citizens of Ukraine. A search and analysis of available solutions from the E-Mental-Health category (digital services for mental health) in Ukraine and other countries was conducted. An empirical study of their functions was carried out and a proposal of optimal content for mobile applications was formed as auxiliary tools for working with a specialist psychotherapist or for psychological assistance to citizens during martial law. To determine the need for such applications, a survey “My psychological state in evacuation” was conducted among respondents who are outside the country. In order to determine the most important functions among the list of the created proposal of the optimal content of the application according to the opinion of citizens, an online survey “Ukrainians and digital services” was conducted. It was mainly attended by young people who remained in the country during the military aggression. On the basis of the obtained results, the need of Ukrainian citizens, both those who remained in the country during hostilities and those who are evacuated in other countries, for mobile applications for mental health and psychological assistance to Ukrainians was empirically substantiated. Recommendations have been provided regarding the necessary features of such an application, which can be considered as a project specification for the creation or enhancement of a multifunctional E-Mental-Health app

APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE SPHERE OF HEALTH: CRIMINAL LEGAL DEVIATIONS

The paper raises questions related to the choice of the most effective model of criminal law protection of public relations associated with the use of artificial intelligence technologies in the field of healthcare, as well as a critical analysis of the approaches developed and available in legal science. Taking into account the special importance of the healthcare sector, primarily aimed at protecting the life and health of citizens, the legal regime of criminal law protection at the moment requires timely transformation and the development of the most effective model. We believe that digital technologies and innovations should not only contribute to the positive development of the healthcare sector, but also inspire confidence among patients and medical workers, and also not provoke fears about their use. The current legal mechanism may lead to the fact that medical organizations may refuse to introduce artificial intelligence technologies into clinical practice under fear of bringing them to administrative responsibility, and their employees to criminal liability. Based on the foregoing, it is proposed to choose the optimal model for the criminal law protection of public health relations complicated by the use of artificial intelligence.

Digital applications as tools for psychological adaptation of citizens to changes

Due to the military aggression of the Russian Federation in Ukraine, citizens experience acute stress, other mental and emotional burdens, and mental disorders. Digital technologies can serve as a tool to improve mental health and psychological support for citizens, especially for those who have limited access to direct contact with a psychotherapist, by developing applications for psychological adaptation and maintaining mental balance. The purpose of the study is to determine the availability and optimal content of mobile applications for the mental health and psychological balance of Ukrainians. A search and analysis of existing solutions in the category of E-MentalHealth (digital services for mental health) in Ukraine and other countries was conducted. An empirical study of their features was conducted, and a proposal for optimal content for mobile applications as auxiliary tools for working with a psychotherapist specialist or for providing psychological assistance to citizens during martial law was formed. To assess the need for such applications, a survey, “My psychological state in the evacuation”, was conducted among respondents outside the country. The online questionnaire “Ukrainians and digital services” was used to determine the most important features among the list of formed offers for optimal application content. It was attended mainly by young people who remained in the country during the military aggression. The results confirmed the need for mobile applications for mental health and psychological assistance among Ukrainian citizens, including those who stayed in the country during the war and those who were evacuated to other countries. Recommendations are given for mandatory features that can be considered technical requirements for developing or improving a multifunctional application in the category of E-Mental-Health

Urban feng shui based on citizenship rights and its impact on the spatial structure and mental health of citizens: Review

This research introduces “Urban Feng Shui” based on citizenship rights and its impact on citizens’ mental health. Feng Shui is an ancient knowledge of Chinese whose goal is to create harmony between humans, the environment, and the building (the city and its body). Many advanced countries are trying to find a deep understanding of the relationship between man and his environment, and in recent years, many architects and urban planners have been trying to correct this several thousand-year-old theory that many East Asian countries have based. The working method in this research is a combination of qualitative and quantitative research. First, the existing theories about feng shui were examined quantitatively, then the above information was analyzed with a qualitative method in the presented samples, and urban feng shui was introduced, and while recognizing the theoretical approaches of feng shui, it was concluded that according to The principles and methods of this theory complicated, the teachings of Urban Feng Shui theory based on citizenship rights can be effective on the mental health of citizens and cause the production of a new approach.

Comparative Analysis of the Healthcare Delivery System in China and Nigeria: A Review

ObjectivesEquitable distribution of quality healthcare services among different subpopulations in China and Nigeria is inconsistent. This necessitates an examination of potential avenues for improving healthcare provision in both countries. A comparative analysis of both health systems was carried out to provide insights into the progress each nation has made, the obstacles they face, and areas both countries can learn from each other. MethodsWe assessed 3 key dimensions of these systems using the Hsiao analytical framework. First, we scrutinized the policy levers of the health systems. Next, we evaluated intermediate outcomes, such as access to healthcare and the quality of care. Lastly, we assessed the extent to which the health systems achieve their ultimate goals, including improving citizen health status and enhancing overall patient satisfaction with the healthcare services. ResultsChina surpasses Nigeria in terms of better birth outcomes, life expectancy, and management of communicable diseases. Both countries offer minimal protection against out-of-pocket spending on medical bills, which consequently exacerbates the poverty rate. ConclusionsChina surpasses Nigeria in every health metrics. However, Nigeria's healthcare system offers services to a larger proportion of its populace because of the involvement of the private sector in healthcare delivery. Both countries continue to experience significant challenges, such as limited access to healthcare services in rural areas and overall patient dissatisfaction with the quality of care provided.