Health Education Counseling Research Articles

Increasing Adolescent Awareness About The Hazards Of Smoking Through Interactive Education And Discussion

The period of adolescence is when childhood ends and adulthood begins. The adolescent age group, which is typically associated with the start of puberty, spans the ages of 12 and up. Adolescence is generally considered a period of good health. However, risky behaviors such as the use of harmful substances, poor diet or early sexual activity are topics that often arise. The method used in this community service activity is health education counseling. The counseling was accompanied by a question-and-answer discussion about the dangers of smoking. A total of 80 students of SMPN 2 Palang took part in community service activities. before counseling, the students' knowledge about the dangers of smoking was mostly good (40%), the students' attitudes towards smoking hazard behavior were all very negative (100%), and more than half of the students had never heard of the dangers of smoking (52.5%). Community service activities have a positive impact, namely increasing knowledge of the dangers of smoking. Furthermore, there is an increase in students who do not agree with smoking behavior. In general, there is a general decrease in smoking behavior after counseling.

LITERASI KESEHATAN: MENGENAL LEBIH DEKAT TENTANG PENCEGAHAN DAN PENANGANAN GASTRITIS PADA MAHASISWA STKIP HAMZAR

The condition that is often experienced by students is gastritis. Gastritis is one of the disorders of the digestive system that occurs due to an imbalance of stomach acid; gastritis often occurs if the diet is irregular, such as in students who have to go to college every morning. Some students sometimes don't have time to have breakfast which causes a person to experience stomach ache or gastritis. Gastritis can be a serious problem for students/adolescents, be it acute gastritis or chronic gastritis that students can experience. One of the causes of gastritis is a poor diet, not having breakfast before going to college. To minimize gastric disturbances or gastritis, of course, the role of health workers is required to provide health education or health literacy so that students understand what must be done to prevent gastritis. The purpose of this PKM is to prevent and minimize the occurrence of gastritis in students/adolescents. The method used in this service is in the form of health education or health counseling aimed at students, how to measure the level of understanding of the material provided is then carried out pretest and posttest. The results of community service in the form of an increase in the level of student knowledge about gastritis were strengthened by the results of the Wilcoxon test p value 0.001, p value <0.05, there was an effect of health literacy about gastritis on the level of student knowledge about gastritis.

Prevalence of Depression among Women Attending Antenatal Clinic at BPKIHS

Pregnancy is a time of increased vulnerability for the development of anxiety and depression because there are profound physiological and emotional changes in the mother during this period. Depression and anxiety are the most common psychiatric disorders during pregnancy and the symptoms can range from mild to severe. The study aimed to identify the prevalence of depression and its associated risk factors among pregnant women. A descriptive cross-sectional research was conducted among 414 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at BPKIHS through Systematic Random Sampling. Data were collected by interview technique using standardized and validated Edinburgh Postnatal Depression (EPDS) tool and Self-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and binary logistic regression in SPSS version16. The prevalence of antenatal depression among the study population was 24.2 %. Antenatal depression was significantly associated with religion, gender of previous child, mode of previous delivery, fear of current pregnancy and complication, previous abortion, preferred sex of current child. Antenatal depression was 4 times more among the respondents having female child than male child (AOR= 4.135, CI: 1.146-14.924). Likewise, respondents who have the history of abortion were 4 times more likely to develop Antenatal depression (AOR=4.063, CI: 0.386-42.720). Similarly, respondents with the history of fear related to pregnancy complication were 3 times higher to develop Antenatal depression (AOR= 2.973, CI: 1.447-6.107).The study revealed that nearly 1/4th of the respondents had developed depression during antenatal period. Antenatal depression was higher among the respondents having the history of fear related to pregnancy, abortion and having previous male child. Therefore, screening pregnant women for depression during ANC visits and the provision of mental health education counseling services is recommended to mitigate the adverse health outcome of the problem.

CAUSES OF VISITING ADOLESCENT GIRLS IN GYNAECOLOGY OPD AND THEIR AWARENESS OF REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH PROBLEMS

Background:-Adolescence is the transitional period between childhood and adulthood. As per the World health organization (WHO), adolescence includes the age group of 10-19 years. Adolescents constitute 20.0% of our total population and represent almost one-fth of the world's population The objective of these studies was to evaluate various causes of visiting adolescent girls in gynecology OPD and to assess their awareness about reproductive health problems. Material And Method:- This cross sectional study was conducted in a private clinic in district Shivpuri from 1 st April 2017 to 30 march 2022 In this study 668 adolescents were studied during this period. Detailed history, general examination, laboratory investigation, and pelvic USG were done to evaluate their health. Awareness of girls about reproductive and sexual health was interviewed. Results:- In this study, 668 adolescents were studied. The majority 54.04% of adolescent girls were between the ages of 14-16 years. Most 48.05% of them were educated up to 10th standard and most 74.10% of them were between BMI KG/m2 19-25 and the most 75.44% common age of menarche was between 11-13 years. Menstrual irregularities were the most common (58.68%) type of gynecological problem seen in adolescent girls. Frequency and percentage of other gynecological problems like breast problems, per vaginal discharge, Vulval itching, Hirsutism, Acne Lower abdominal pain, Dysurea & frequency of micturition, Bartholins cyst, contraceptive advise, Pregnancy/abortion, and post abortal bleeding in adolescent girls were 9%, 6.14%.,2.99%, 1.95%, 1.95%, 2.99%, 2.99%, 5.99% 2.10% and 1.05 respectively. Puberty menorrhagia (30.14%) was the most common type of menstrual disorder found among adolescent girls Frequency and percentage of other menstrual problems like Oligomenorrhea, and polymenorrhea. Primary amenorrhea, secondary amenorrhea, and Dysmenorrhea were 25.84% 12.92% 4.07% 18.18%, and 8.85% of adolescent girls respectively. AUB was the most common cause of puberty menorrhagia. polycystic ovaries were diagnosed in 37.30% of cases. Hypothyroidism was present in 3.97% and bleeding disorders were diagnosed in 1.59% of cases. Mullerian agenesis was the main cause (58.82%) of primary amenorrhea, and PCOD was the main cause of secondary amenorrhea 57.04% were aware of the physical science of pubertal development. Awareness about cancer cervix, HPV vaccination, and pap smear was found in only 17.96% of cases. 40.87% of cases were aware of cancer or breast and self-breast examination. STD awareness, HIV awareness, modes of transmission, awareness about contraceptives, awareness about the physiology of menstruation, awareness about anemia, awareness about menstrual hygiene, and awareness about tobacco and drug addiction were found in 50.90%, 25.00%, 53.89%, 20.96%, 61.98%, 25.00%, and 20.96% respectively. Conclusion:- In our study, menstrual disorders were the commonest gynecological problems among adolescents To create awareness and to promote knowledge regarding various health issues, health education classes and counseling of adolescent girls regarding reproductive health problems should be done Community-level health services should be well equipped with drugs, supplies of blood, and facilities for laboratory investigation to deal with reproductive health problems in adolescent

The research focus and development trend of art therapy in Chinese education since the 21st century.

Since the 21st century, art therapy has made great progress and development in China's education. To find out the relationship between art therapy and special children, hundreds of related literatures were analyzed using co-word analysis software, which shows that art therapy is increasingly important in special children and their education. Expressive art therapy has a good development prospect in college students' mental health education and group counseling. The connotation of group painting therapy is constantly enriched. The theme research of mandala painting therapy is closely related, and painting art therapy focuses on the psychological counseling research of different groups, but the two are still in the marginal position in the whole research, and have not been paid attention to. Therefore, in the future research, firstly, we should continue to strengthen the research of art therapy and expressive art therapy in special education and individual mental health education; second, further broaden the depth and breadth of group painting therapy; third, strengthen the study of mandala painting therapy and painting art therapy.

Energy intake, expenditure and balance, and factors associated with energy balance of young adults (20–39 years): a retrospective cross-sectional community-based cohort study

BackgroundObesity epidemic presents major challenge to chronic disease prevention. Young adults may be at higher risk due to consumption of energy dense foods/beverages and low physical activity. This study assessed the energy intake, expenditure and balance of 20–39 year-old adults and also evaluated factors associated with energy balance to provide basis for obesity prevention and control.MethodsThis retrospective cross-sectional cohort study involved 240 respondents selected through multistage random sampling. Data were collected through questionnaire, anthropometry and three 24-h dietary recall. Energy expenditure was assessed as the sum of resting energy expenditure (REE), energy expenditure of activity (EEA) and diet-induced energy expenditure of three days. Frequencies and percentages were employed in analysing general characteristics of the respondents. T-test and analysis of variance were used to assess relationships between and among numerical variables while relationships among categorical variables were evaluated through Chi-square test. Binary and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the factors associated with energy balance.ResultsMajority (53.2%) had normal body mass index and this decreased as age increased (P < 0.001); 23.8% had overweight, 21.7% had general obesity, 38.3% had abdominal obesity and 39.2% had high risk waist hip ratio. Total energy intake (TEI) of the respondents was 2416.0 ± 722.728 kcal/day. Males had lower energy intake (kcal/day) of 2398.8 ± 494.761 than females (2431.1 ± 876.664). Male intake contributed less (85.7%) than female intake (110.5%) to recommended energy intake. TEI (kcal/day) was lowest among 25–29 (2285.3 ± 497.793) but highest (2586.0 ± 467.587) among 35–39 year-olds (P < 0.05). Total energy expenditure (TEE) was 2195.5 ± 384.544 kcal/day; a value of 2274.3 ± 385.792 was found among males while the females had a lower value of 2126.6 ± 371.403. TEE (kcal/day) ranged from 2169.4 ± 411.625 in 20–24 to 2248.8 ± 273.534 in 30–34 year-olds. Those with general obesity had higher energy (kcal/day) intake (2733.7 ± 1171.073), expenditure (2431.7 ± 491.666) and balance (302.0 ± 1300.186) than those without obesity (P < 0.01). Energy intake (2573.0 ± 966.553) and expenditure (2226.4 ± 372.621) were significantly higher among those with abdominal obesity than those with normal waist circumference (P < 0.05). Overall positive energy balance of the adults was 220.5 ± 787.271. The females had higher positive energy balance (304.4 ± 921.041) than males (124.5 ± 588.637). Energy balance was lowest (102.5 ± 629.780) among 25–29 and highest (373.5 ± 494.546) in 35–39 year-olds. Most (68.8%) of the participants had positive energy balance. Age (AOR:2.89, 95% C.I.:1.27–6.56) and occupation (AOR:2.30, 95% C.I.:1.05–5.03) increased the likelihood of positive energy balance by 2.ConclusionsThe study showed lower energy intake among the respondents than the recommended value; females had a value higher than what was recommended, males had less. Majority had positive energy balance and this was mostly found among those with obesity. Age and occupation were factors associated with positive energy balance. Nutrition education, health education and dietary counselling are recommended strategies to control sustained weight gain.

Exclusive breastfeeding rate and related factors among mothers within maternal health WeChat groups in Jiaxing, Zhejiang province, China: a cross-sectional survey

BackgroundThe health workers in Jiaxing of China have established maternal health WeChat groups for maternal health education and management since 2019. Pregnant women in Jiaxing are invited to join the WeChat groups and a health worker as the group manager provides health education and individual counselling for women within the group. This study aimed to investigate the exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) status up to six months and its associated factors among the mothers of infants aged 7-12 months within the WeChat groups.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional survey on healthy mothers with infants aged 7-12 months from seven maternal health WeChat groups in October 2021 in Jiaxing, China. EBF was defined as breastfeeding infants exclusively up to six months. Data including breastfeeding practice from birth to six months, maternal sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics, hospitalization information, work related factors and reasons for non-EBF up to six months were collected using an online self-administered questionnaire. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors independently associated with EBF up to 6 months.ResultsA total of 822 mothers were included in this study. Among them, 586 mothers (71.3%) exclusively breastfed infants up to six months. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that older maternal age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.956; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.917, 0.997) and perceived insufficient breast milk (AOR 0.104; 95% CI 0.072, 0.149) were associated with lower odds of EBF up to six months. The five of common reasons for non-EBF up to six months were no or insufficient breast milk (59.8%), return to work (23.9%), no flexible nursing breaks at work (18.2 %), infant crying or feeling tired or troubled with breastfeeding (9.7%), and nipple and breast problems (9.3%).ConclusionAbout 71.3% of infants were exclusively breastfed until six months of age in our WeChat groups. Perceived insufficient breast milk and work related factors are the main barriers to EBF up to six months in this setting. However, further comparative study is needed to confirm the effect of WeChat groups on breastfeeding.

Results of care and treatment of patients after atrial septal defect intervention and some related factors in 2020-2021

The study was conducted on 108 patients with atrial septal defect (ASD) who indicated ASD occlusion by percutaneous instrument at the Vietnam Heart Institute-Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi Medical University Hospital, Hanoi Heart Hospital. from December 2020 to September 2021.Objectives: Describe the clinical and paraclinical characteristics, analyze the results of care for patients with atrial septal defect after intervention and related factors.Research Methods: A prospective descriptive study, a longitudinal study.Results: The majority of patients had good clinical results after 1 month of discharge (65.74%). The rate of pulmonary arterial hypertension after intervention was lower in the group with good results, statistically significant compared with the group with poor results. The group with good results had a lower percentage of patients with anemia, statistically significant compared with the group with poor results. The group with good results had a lower rate of complications after the procedure, which was statistically significant compared with the group with poor results. The difference in the rate of completing 5 steps of implementing the medicine and the rate of meeting the health education requirements between the two groups of good and bad results is statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05). There are 3 factors: Pulmonary artery pressure after intervention still increases (≥35 mmHg); anemia; Postprocedural complications were independently associated with the risk of poor outcome 1 month after discharge. The group with satisfactory health education has a higher rate of patient adherence to treatment than the group that does not meet the requirements of health education (p&lt;0.05).Conclusion: The long-term outcomes of patients with ASD occlusion with percutaneous instruments are related to the treatment, care, and health education counseling of nurses.

Knowledge, behavior and factors related to foot care in diabetes patients at Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital

Introduction: Diabetes can affect every part of the body, including damage to the feet. Diabetes patients with improper knowledge and behavior will develop foot complications. Objectives: (1) To survey the level of knowledge and behavior of foot care of diabetic patients at Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital. (2) To investigate factors related to the level of knowledge and behavior of foot care in patients with diabetes. Methodology: Cross-sectional description on 108 patients diagnosed with diabetes according to ADA 2021 criteria. The study used questionnaires (Modified Diabetes Foot Care Knowledge - MDFCK) to assess knowledge of diabetic foot care and questionnaires (Modified Foot Care Behavior - MDFCB) to assess diabetic foot care behavior. Results: the diabetic foot care knowledge score was at a poor level (mean score 6.33 ± 2.8) of which 13.9% of them had good knowledge, 32.4% had moderate and 52.7% had poor knowledge. Diabetic foot care behaviors were at poor level (mean 54.36 ± 8.4) of which 64.8% had poor behaviors and 35.2% had moderate behaviors. Low education, time of diabetes for &lt; 5 years and no previous diabetes foot care instructions were predictive factors for poor MDFCK and MDFCB. Good knowledge of diabetic foot care can lead to good caring behavior. Age ≥ 65 has no effect on MDFCB but has a negative effect on MDFCK. Conclusion: the diabetic foot care knowledge score and diabetic foot care behavior score were poor. Health education counseling programs based on relevant factors should be provided to improve the self-care capacity of people with diabetes. Key words: Diabetes, Diabetic Foot Care Knowledge, Diabetic Foot Care Behaviors.

Gambaran Pengetahuan Ibu Tentang Penanganan Demam Pada Balita di Desa Sihonongan Kecamatan Paranginan Tahun 2022

Fever is a state of body temperature that is higher than normal, which is more than 38 degrees Celsius, which is caused by body conditions that create more heat than can be expelled. This study was conducted to determine the mother's knowledge about handling fever in toddlers in Sihonongan village, Paranginan sub-district in 2022. The type of research used was a descriptive design. The method used is a total sampling method, totaling 95 respondents. Mothers who have children under five who have experienced fever. The instrument of data collection was using a questionnaire containing 10 questions. Based on the results of the study, the respondents' knowledge based on the mother's knowledge was mostly (86.3%) who had good knowledge, who had sufficient knowledge (13.7). based on the mother's knowledge can be categorized as good. and it is recommended for health workers to maintain health education or education and counseling about handling fever in toddlers.

Child Mental Health Education After The Covid-19 Pandemic

The Covid-19 pandemic is a disease outbreak that has spread not only in Indonesia but throughout the world. This virus not only affects our physical health but also affects our mental health. Even though the government has now declared Indonesia to be free of masks, it cannot be denied that the coronavirus is still among us. For this reason, it is important to maintain good physical and mental health. During the pandemic, many people feel the consequences, especially children who still don't understand what is going on. In addition, the lack of awareness of us or our parents about mental health is a problem that must be faced. Mental health is a condition when our mind is peaceful and calm, so we can live a good life too, while children's mental health is related to how children face the challenges that exist in their lives. Community Service (PKM) "children's mental health education counseling after the covid-19 pandemic" which was held at the Miftahul Ilmi Kindergarten/RA school was carried out as a form of concern for how important mental health is to be maintained even after pandemic period has passed. The implementation of Community Service (PKM) is carried out on a scale through two stages, namely: the observation stage and the activity implementation stage. In the implementation stage, it is carried out through the lecture/discussion method of question and answer. The participants provided material on what mental health is, recognizing mental health problems in children, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on children's mental health, and the importance of maintaining mental health as well as tips for maintaining mental health in children. The result of this Community Service (PKM) activity is that previously there were still many parents who did not understand that not only physical health must be maintained but children's mental health also has a very large role in the body of children's development in the future to live their lives.

Effects of health education and progressive muscle relaxation on vasomotor symptoms and insomnia in perimenopausal women: A randomized controlled trial

ObjectivesThis study aims to determine the effects of health education (HE) and progressive muscle relaxation (PMR), individually or combined, on vasomotor symptoms and insomnia in perimenopausal women. MethodsThis study is a single-center, pretest-posttest, randomized controlled trial with a factorial design. The research sample consists of 108 women who were randomly divided into three groups: HE + PMR group (n = 36), PMR group (n = 36) and control group (n = 36). 90 women completed the study. The data were collected in three steps by using instruments of Personal Information Form, Visual Analog Scale and a diary for vasomotor symptoms, Women’s Health Initiative Insomnia Rating Scale. ResultsHot flash and night sweats frequency and severity scores/24 h, the VAS scores for hot flashes and night sweats, and the WHIIRS scores significantly improved more in the intervention groups compared to the control group (p < 0,05). Compared to the group PMR, the group PMR + HE had a greater improvement with larger effect size in all measurements. ConclusionsPMR and HE counseling by nurses benefit perimenopausal women who suffer from insomnia and vasomotor symptoms. Practice implicationsPMR combined with HE or PMR alone is effective in managing vasomotor symptoms and insomnia; therefore, they can easily be integrated into clinical practice.

Application of Computer Digital Technology and Group Psychological Counseling in Higher Vocational Education Mental Health Education Curriculum under Complex Network Environment

Today’s civilization is a network, with networks covering and organizing it. The important physical carrier of modern human social activities and interactions is a hybrid network formed by the interaction and integration of multiple networks, which is a dynamic and complex network. In the network environment, the mode and efficiency of information dissemination have changed qualitatively, which in turn profoundly affects the evolution of higher vocational education students’ attitudes toward things and their psychological states. At present, there are many problems and difficulties in mental health education in higher vocational education institutions: there are misunderstandings in setting curriculum teaching objectives, teaching methods are not flexible enough, the professionalism and stability of teachers need to be improved, and the follow-up of mental health education for students in schools is insufficient. For this reason, we should take active measures to improve the effectiveness of mental health education in higher vocational education institutions according to the characteristics of the times, establish reasonable mental health education curriculum objectives and evaluation methods, establish diversified teaching methods to adapt to the complex network environment, build a professional mental health education teacher team, actively improve the teaching concept of mental health education, and focus on strengthening mental health education counseling in the process of entrance education and career guidance. This paper proposes a method based on computer digital technology and group counseling in a complex network environment, which can be applied to higher vocational education mental health education courses, and the experimental results show that the designed method has a high accuracy rate and provides support for higher vocational education students’ psychological education and counseling.

Improved hypertension control at six months using an adapted WHO HEARTS-based implementation strategy at a large urban HIV clinic in Uganda

ObjectivesTo adapt a World Health Organization HEARTS-based implementation strategy for hypertension (HTN) control at a large urban HIV clinic in Uganda and determine six-month HTN and HIV outcomes among a cohort of adult persons living with HIV (PLHIV).MethodsOur implementation strategy included six elements: health education, medication adherence, and lifestyle counseling; routine HTN screening; task shifting of HTN treatment; evidence-based HTN treatment protocol; consistent supply of HTN medicines free to patients; and inclusion of HTN-specific monitoring and evaluation tools. We conducted a pre-post study from October 2019 to March 2020 to determine the effect of this strategy on HTN and HIV outcomes at baseline and six months. Our cohort comprised adult PLHIV diagnosed with HTN who made at least one clinic visit within two months prior to study onset.FindingsWe enrolled 1,015 hypertensive PLHIV. The mean age was 50.1 ± 9.5 years and 62.6% were female. HTN outcomes improved between baseline and six months: mean systolic BP (154.3 ± 20.0 to 132.3 ± 13.8 mmHg, p < 0.001); mean diastolic BP (97.7 ± 13.1 to 85.3 ± 9.5 mmHg, p < 0.001) and proportion of patients with controlled HTN (9.3% to 74.1%, p < 0.001). The HTN care cascade also improved: treatment initiation (13.4% to 100%), retention in care (16.2% to 98.5%), monitoring (16.2% to 98.5%), and BP control among those initiated on HTN treatment (2.2% to 75.2%). HIV cascade steps remained high (> 95% at baseline and six months) and viral suppression was unchanged (98.7% to 99.2%, p = 0.712). Taking ART for more than two years and HIV viral suppression were independent predictors of HTN control at six months.ConclusionsA HEARTS-based implementation strategy at a large, urban HIV center facilitates integration of HTN and HIV care and improves HTN outcomes while sustaining HIV control. Further implementation research is needed to study HTN/HIV integration in varied clinical settings among diverse populations.

Dyadic Intervention for Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevention in Urban Adolescents and Young Adults (The SEXPERIENCE Study): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

BackgroundAdolescents and young adults (AYA) aged younger than 25 years have the highest rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the United States. Current STI prevention strategies for AYA rely primarily on individual approaches, leaving sexual partners with significant unmet sexual and reproductive health care and health education needs. Dyadic interventions may hold promise for harnessing the power of communal coping within relationship dynamics to enhance sexual decision making, communication, and behavior changes that reduce the future risk of STIs.ObjectiveThis paper describes the protocol and research methods of a dyad-based behavioral intervention that augments individual evidence-based interventions with joint health education counseling for heterosexual AYA dyads within a primary care setting. The trial aims to improve partner communication and collaborative sexual decision making and promote the adoption of sexual behaviors such as consistent condom use. The primary objective of this study is to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of a dyadic intervention targeted at preventing STIs in heterosexual couples in an urban setting.MethodsA total of 100 AYA (50 dyads) aged 16 to 25 years, engaged in heterosexual intercourse, who reside in the city and are willing to recruit their main sexual partner for the study will be recruited and randomized into 2 groups, an intervention arm and a control arm. Participants will be recruited from an AYA medicine clinic and by using social media (Facebook and Instagram). The index participant and partner will complete a single individual session separately (Sister to Sister or Focus on the Future) with a gender-matched health educator. Dyads will then be randomized to receive an additional joint debriefing session together to discuss relationship dynamics, condom negotiation, etc. Participants will separately complete a telephone interview 6 weeks postintervention to determine the feasibility, acceptability, and impact of the intervention on mutual sexual negotiation, consistency of condom use, and communal coping skills, etc.ResultsSo far, 25.4% (44/173) of eligible participants have been enrolled and randomized. Participants are mostly female (20/22, 91%), with at least a high school diploma (19/22, 86%), and 9 average lifetime sexual partners. Acceptability is high, with 98% (43/44) of participants expressing satisfaction with their study experience; 100% of dyads recruited were still together at 6-week follow-up.ConclusionsFindings from this study will add to the current literature on the approaches to STI prevention, and its success will inform its application in risk reduction counseling for youth who are most at risk.Trial RegistrationClinical Trials.gov NCT03275168; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/history/NCT03275168International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/29389

Prevalence and associated factors of diabetes mellitus among Governmental Civil Servants at Guji Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, 2021. A community-based cross-sectional study.

BackgroundDespite it being easily preventable, still diabetes mellitus is found in every population in the world and all regions, with the greatest escalation in low and middle-income countries. Moreover, undiagnosed or poorly controlled diabetes can lead to lower limb amputation, blindness, and kidney disease. However, there is a paucity of information on the magnitude and associated factors among adult populations in rural pastoral areas. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of diabetes mellitus and associated factors among Guji Zone Government Civil Servants, Southern Ethiopia.MethodsCross-sectional study was conducted from March 1-14/2018, among 437 randomly selected Government employees of Guji Zone. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were coded and entered using Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to identify significant factors associated with the magnitude of DM. P<0.05 was used to declare statistical significance and odds ratio with 95% confidence interval were calculated.ResultThe median (±IQR) age of participants was 33 (±14) years of age. Overall, the prevalence of DM in the study population was found to be 16 (3.9%) [95% CI: 2.2–5.6%]. The prevalence of DM among males and females was 3.8% and 4.2% respectively. Age (<35 years) [0.21 (0.04–0.94)], increasing salt amount in dietary feeding [14.31(1.28–159.2)], Consumption of vegetable &fruit once per week [23.38(2.01–269.17)], diagnosed with HTN [21.35(2.28–199.37)], and Family history of DM [9.42(1.72–51.42)] were significantly associated with DM.ConclusionComparably lower prevalence of previously undiagnosed DM was found by this study. Being old, excess salt consumption, intake of vegetables & fruit once per week, hypertension, and family history of DM were significantly associated with DM. Therefore, the zonal Health department should enhance and strengthen the provision of health education programs and counseling about nutrition, weight control, and appropriate physical activity and advised the communities for mass screening for diabetes.

PRAKTIK SENAM YOGA TERHADAP KUALITAS TIDUR IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER III (Studi di UPTD Puskesmas 1 Kecamatan Denpasar Utara)

The implementation of yoga exercises through physical and mental exercises with mastery of breath, posture and emotional sense meditation, aims to increase the mother's confidence and psychological balance during pregnancy so that the quality of sleep is better. In the initial observations, it was found that the handling of complaints of sleep disorders in third trimester pregnant women carried out at the UPTD Puskesmas by providing health education counseling by changing the mother's sleeping hours during the day was longer and holding regular yoga exercises that were carried out in a week. The formulation of the problem in this study are; (1) How is the yoga exercise learning system for pregnant women in the third trimester at UPTD Puskesmas 1 North Denpasar, (2) What are the implications of yoga exercise on sleep quality for pregnant women in the third trimester at UPTD Puskesmas 1, North Denpasar.&#x0D; This research are examined by two theories, namely, value theory and practical theory. The method used in this study is a qualitative method. The results showed that (1) the practice of yoga during pregnancy through a structured sequence of exercises can contribute to improving the quality of sleep for participants (2) Yoga practice during pregnancy has implications for health, spiritual awareness and self-awareness in the form of reducing edema and cramps, respectively. which often occurs in the last months of pregnancy, helps the baby's position and movement (3) improves the digestive system and appetite in pregnant women, restores calm and focus, reduces tension, anxiety and depression during pregnancy

Compliance with COVID-19-preventive behaviours among employees returning to work in the post-epidemic period

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of behaviours such as social distancing in controlling pandemics. Currently, the epidemic is under control in China and production has resumed in various industries. This study investigates the behavioural compliance and related factors for COVID-19 prevention among employees returning to the workplace and provide strategic recommendations for improving individual-level preventive behaviour to prevent a new outbreak.MethodsA cross-sectional study design was used. Data were gathered from returning employees in China using an online questionnaire survey, from March to May, 2020. The questionnaire covered participants’ COVID-19-related knowledge, compliance with recommended preventive behaviours, and levels of depression and anxiety. Univariate and multi-factor methods were used to analyse the data and identify factors influencing behaviour compliance.ResultsOf the 1300 participants completing the full survey, more than half were male (71.92%) and 61% were aged between 31 and 50 years. Six hundred and ninety-eight (53.7%) participants showed high compliance, while 602 (46.3%) showed low compliance. In models adjusted for demographic and socio-economic factors, high education level (odds ratio [OR] = 0.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.07–0.70), office staff (OR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.33–0.78), higher knowledge of COVID-19 (OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.67–0.81), and quarantining (OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.57–0.96) predicted better compliance with preventive behaviours (P < 0.05), while high anxiety levels (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.10–2.18) predicted lower compliance with preventive behaviours (P < 0.05).ConclusionFor employees returning to work during the post-COVID-19-epidemic period, compliance with recommended preventive behaviours requires improvement. Consequently, comprehensive intervention measures, including the provision of health education and psychological counselling, as well as the continuance of a strict isolation policy, could enhance such compliance.

Factors associated with psychological impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Nigeria: Regression-based approach

Background and Purpose: There is growing evidence of mental health amongst Nigerians is currently neglected. A pilot study evaluating variables linked with mental health during pandemic was conducted to add to the expanding body of knowledge in this area and establish the framework for future research. Methods: Data were collected using an online self-administered questionnaire, a cross-sectional study of 1075 respondents. Mental health status was assessed using Generalized Anxiety Disorder – 2 (GAD-2) and Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2). Logistic regression was used to investigate the factors associated with mental health status. Results: Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the main factors associated with mental health outcomes. Of the 1075 respondents, 678 (63.9%) had anxiety disorder (i.e., GAD ≥ 3) and 670 (62.3%) had depression (PHQ ≥ 3). The median age were 30 years, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression shows that sex (Standardize Beta = - 0.84, p < 0.01), degree (Standardize Beta = 0.45, p = 0.006), income level (Standardize Beta = 0.98, p < 0.01) and the region (Standardize Beta = 0.78, p < 0.01) are all significant predictors. Conclusions: This study provides supportive evidence for mental health education and psychological counselling services. Current household income, level of education, region and gender are the significant predictors of mental health status amongst Nigerians.

Zirconia Inlay on Vital Teeth with Profunda Caries

Background: Dental caries has historically been considered the most critical component of the global burden of oral disease. Health facilities and dental health education counselling have been conducted, but public knowledge about dental caries is still low. The increasing number of dental caries is currently influenced by one of the factors of community behaviour. Most people do not realize the importance of taking care of oral and dental health. The ignorance of the community results in a decrease in productivity due to the influence of the perceived illness. Advances in dentistry since the last decade has allowed the use of conservative dental care. Modern restorative dentistry offers many methods for restoring teeth, both direct and indirect. The need for restoration of posterior teeth is related to aesthetic purposes and functional, biocompatibility and biomechanical aspects of the remaining tooth structure. Some materials that are widely used as tooth-coloured indirect restorations in posterior teeth are zirconia. Zirconia has its characteristics, especially in terms of functionality, such as mechanical strength, physical strength and aesthetics. Purpose: This study aims to determine the management of indirect restoration treatment using zirconia inlay on upper premolar. Case(s): A 46-yearold male patient complained that the filling of his upper left tooth was often loose and uncomfortable when used for eating because the food was stuck in it. The patient wants his teeth treated. The history of treatment on the tooth in question has been patched two times, but it often comes off partially. Case Management: From the examination that has been carried out, a clinical diagnosis of reversible pulpitis was established. The treatment plan that will be carried out is indirect pulpcapping using MTA and resin-modified glass ionomer cement as the base material. The planned restoration treatment is a fixed inlay restoration made of monolithic zirconia. Conclusion: Recently, zirconia has also been developed staining with improved translucency so that it becomes more aesthetic. Zirconia has a higher level of material resistance than otherrestorative materials such as composites. This is what makes zirconia the choice, especially for use as a framework for all-ceramic and partially-fixed crowns dental prosthesis.