Health Education Activities Research Articles

Generalized anxiety disorder and associated factors in primary health care workers in Minas Gerais, Brazil.

The COVID-19 pandemic had direct and indirect impacts on public health, also affecting the mental health of the population. To analyze symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and associated factors, in primary health care (PHC) professionals. Cross-sectional and analytical study conducted with professionals who work in the Primary Health Care (PHC) of the Northern health macro-region of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Data collection was carried out through an online, self-administered questionnaire, made available from August 27, 2021, to October 30, 2021 using the Google Forms tool. The questionnaire included sociodemographic questions as well as questions related to the history of anxiety and work during the pandemic. To assess anxiety symptoms, the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) instrument was used. Data treatment consisted of descriptive analysis of the variables, bivariate analysis followed by multivariate Poisson Regression with robust variance. 702 health professionals participated in the study and the general prevalence of GAD was 32.2%. Current anxiety symptoms were self-reported by 37.6% of the participants. In the final model, the associated factors identified were: female sex (PR = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.17-2.84; p = 0.007), previous symptoms (PR = 1.58; 95% CI = 1.19-2.10; p = 0.002) and (PR = 2.68; 95% CI = 2.00-3.62; p < 0.001) current self-reported anxiety. The results show the need to implement actions in mental health promotion and anxiety prevention, through the dissemination of information about mental health care, health education activities, encouraging the adoption of healthy habits and professional monitoring when necessary.

PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN MENUJU REMAJA SEHAT BEBAS ANEMIA

Anemia often occurs in teenage girls. Lack of knowledge and awareness in efforts to prevent anemia are factors causing the high incidence of anemia in adolescents. There are many impacts that occur when anemia is left untreated, and can even have long term impacts. This community service activity uses a participant active learning approach with interactive lecture and discussion methods focusing on health education about anemia with 80 participants. The result of this health education activity is an increase in participants knowledge. The hope is that participants can apply the knowledge gained in everyday life, such as consuming balanced nutricious food, doing regular physical activity and taking blood suplement tablets.&#x0D;

Health Education To Reduce Negative Stigma And Increase Willingness To Screen For Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is still a health problem in the world because Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the 10 highest causes of death worldwide and the main cause of death from infectious agents. The stigma circulating in society influences the desire of patients not to undergo treatment or comply with TB treatment and people who have symptoms become afraid to check themselves and undergo screening because they are reluctant to be viewed negatively by society. This case study aims to determine the effect of health education as an effort to reduce negative stigma and increase willingness to screen. This research uses a case study method consisting of a needs assessment and intervention provided by a health education and TB screening program. Management data showed that 37 residents of Ciwalen Village who were studied had been diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis. Of the 37 people who had been diagnosed with pulmonary TB, only 34 people regularly took medication. The results of health education were 13 residents from taking part in screening activities before the health education activity and after the health education activity was held the number increased by 28 people. It can be concluded that the stigma of TB in society has an impact on the TB control process. Health education activities carried out as an effort to reduce the stigma of TB can increase the willingness of residents to undergo TB screening, especially for residents who are at high risk or residents who have symptoms.

Penyuluhan Pengetahuan Bahaya merokok pada Remaja di Desa Doda Kecamatan Kinovari Kabupaten Sigi Sulawesi Tengah

Adolescence according to WHO is the phase between childhood and adulthood in the age range between 10 to 19 years. The world's youth age group is 1.2 billion or 18% of the world's population. Cigarettes and tobacco products consumed by humans are generally are plant leaves (Nicotina, tabacum, nicotina rustica, and other species) that are burned, smoked, inhaled or chewed. There is 2550, a chemical in processed tobacco leaves. Some chemicals quickly cause health problems, lung damage, and weakening of stamina, if burnt cigarette smoke contains about 4000 chemicals, 43 of which are toxic such as nicotine such as nicotine (pesticide), CO (toxic gas), tar. The high prevalence of smokers in Indonesia will increase the risk of these diseases which threaten not only active smokers but also smokers. In active smokers, the danger threatens all organs of the body with impaired function to cancer such as those of the heart and blood vessels (coronary heart disease and blood vessels), respiratory tract (COPD, asthma and nasopharyngeal cancer), and disorders of the reproductive system and pregnancy (disability fetuses, miscarriages, pelvic infections and cancer in the organs of passive smoking adults and children). Users of tobacco products are decreasing, the number of teenagers aged 13-15 who smoke cigarettes has increased in 2014 (18.3%), 2019 (18.8% ). The method used is face-to-face through counseling and using questionnaires, the application of education in the health sector. The results of health education activities through this training are that there is an increase in knowledge about the dangers of smoking by 70% and 70% of adolescents wish to stop smoking

Consented indicators for the evaluation of integrated strategies of community health promotion targeting children and adolescents: results of an eDelphi.

To date, there is no consensus on indicators for the evaluation of integrated community-based interventions for health promotion and prevention targeting children and adolescents. This study aims at consenting on a scoped set of indicators to evaluate integrated community-based interventions. Out of 738 indicators derived from a literature search, we preselected 94 indicators allotted to 20 domains based on an internal quality appraisal and consensus process and conducted an eDelphi procedure to assess their relevance in view of experts. Experts were recruited in the field of public health, health sciences and communal health promotion in practice and were invited as participants in this eDelphi. During the eDelphi, 47 experts rated the relevance of 94 indicators in two rounds. Consensus was defined as agreement of 75% (or above). After round 1, 27 indicators among 11 consented subdomains reached a consensus on relevance. After round 2, a total of 36 indicators reached consensus on relevance in 9 subdomains (such as socioeconomic factors, health education, nutrition and physical activity, oral health, overall health status, specific health conditions, drug related behavior, exposure to drugs and violence, family factors). These identified indicators may provide a basis for evaluation concepts of integrated community-based interventions for children and adolescents to inform stakeholders about intervention impacts.

THE CORRLATION BETWEEN THE ROLE OF NURSES AS EDUCATORS AND MEDICATION ADHERENCE IN DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS AT RAWALUMBU BEKASI HOSPITAL IN 2023

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) known in Indonesia as "Diabetes" is a disease whose prevalence is now increasing. The role of the educator itself is to help patients to improve their health by providing health education and medical actions received so that clients or families can know knowledge that is important to patients or families. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the role of nurses as educators with adherence to Treatment P there is Pasien DM at Rawalumbu Bekasi Hospital in 2023. The research method used is quantitative analytical observational with Cross Sectional Study approach and total sampling technique, which is to select samples based on the frequency distribution of patient respondent characteristics. The samples used in this study were 60 diabetes mellitus patients who were treated in the inpatient room at Rawalumbu Bekasi Hospital. The results of the study identified the role of nurses as good educators with medication adherence in non-adherent diabetes mellitus patients totaling 25 respondents (41.7%). There are Chi-Square test results with a significant level of 95% or a value of α 5% (0.05) obtained p value (0.000) &lt; a value of α (0.05) so that it can be concluded from the results Ho rejected means that there is a relationship between the role of nurses as educators with treatment compliance in diabetes mellitus patients at Rawalumbu Bekasi Hospital in 2023.

Promosi Kesehatan Pentingnya Gizi Seimbang pada Anak Sekolah Dasar di Meulaboh, Aceh Barat Tahun 2023

Balanced nutrition knowledge was knowledge about food and nutrients, sources of nutrients in food, safe foods to consume to prevent diseases, and how to properly prepare food to retain nutrients, as well as how to lead a healthy life. One appropriate effort to enhance early knowledge of balanced nutrition is by promoting the importance of balanced nutrition in elementary school children. The method used in this community health education activity was the public health education method. The objective of this community service activity was to provide health education about the importance of balanced nutrition to fifth-grade elementary school students at SDN 03 Meulaboh, West Aceh, so that students would understand the importance of balanced nutrition. Thirty students were selected as respondents using a total sampling technique. The results of this health promotion activity showed that there was an interactive question-and-answer session after the health promotion, and the students were able to answer the questions posed by the facilitator during the Q&amp;A session. It is essential to provide health education about the importance of balanced nutrition to enhance early knowledge of balanced nutrition. Based on the health promotion results conducted on the importance of balanced nutrition at SDN 03 Meulaboh, West Aceh, it can be concluded that the students' knowledge of balanced nutrition was categorized as very poor before receiving education, but it improved to the good category after the health promotion.

ACTIONS FOR THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF ZOONOSES IN HEALTH EDUCATION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

Diseases arising from the imbalance between the triad environment, humans, and animals affect individuals' health, as well as the social, and economic well-being of the world's population. Across the globe, health education activities are being conducted to prevent and control zoonoses. To guide future educational interventions, we reviewed scientific articles published in the last five years to characterize and verify the tools: target audience, duration, effectiveness, and gaps and difficulties. Four databases were searched, and 16 articles were selected for the meta-analysis, with 81.3% of the studies being conducted in underdeveloped or developing countries. Of these, 56.3% involved children under 14 years of age, and 62.5% involved activities in elementary and middle schools. The researchers are the professionals who are the most engaged in the activities, and 56.3% of the studies are conducted by veterinarians. Several new teaching tools have been proposed, demonstrating remarkable effectiveness. For systematic reviews to provide a guide for the design of new educational activities, it is necessary to better describe teaching methodologies and evaluation tools, as well as to evaluate in the long term, not only the impact of knowledge on the population but the incidence of zoonoses as well.

Training-of-trainers program for community health workers involved in an innovative and community-based intervention against malaria among goldminers in the Guiana shield: a quality and effectiveness evaluation.

An innovative and community-based intervention is implemented in the Guiana Shield to eliminate malaria among people involved in artisanal and small-scale gold mining. The intervention consists of the distribution of malaria self-management kits to goldminers and the presumptive treatment for individuals at risk of carrying Plasmodium vivax hypnozoites. The intervention is possible owing to community health workers (CHWs) who are previously trained to master all intervention procedures, including health education activities and goldmining training. This study aimed to evaluate the training program provided to CHWs in terms of quality and effectiveness. A training-of-trainers program for CHWs has been developed based on the CDC framework. A mixed-method case study was implemented in two steps between February and March 2023. The evaluation was based on a knowledge survey, satisfaction test, observations, and semi-structured interviews. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed and triangulated. A total of 20 CHWs participated in the training and the first-step evaluation. For the second step, four semi-structured interviews were conducted. The Qualitative data showed that group dynamics and adaptations were central elements of a high-quality training program. Quantitative analysis found that CHWs' satisfaction was elevated (> 4/5 overall), especially regarding format and learning results. Improvements in knowledge level demonstrated good effectiveness (pre-training vs. post-training, p < 0.05). Nevertheless, some difficulties persisted regarding tasks of the intervention procedure, such as informed consent and smartphone application procedures (with an inaccuracy rate of 29.2% and 16.7%, respectively). Further on-the-job training permitted to address these issues. The project team's previous experience and the Guiana Shield countries' commitment to the WHO-E-2025-initiative were identified as levers for the quality of the training, while the complexity of the project context was a challenge. High-quality, effective, and appropriate training programs are required for effective and sustainable interventions involving CHW profiles. Training design is a crucial point to address to accomplish quality and effectiveness. The training-of-trainers model has been shown to allow a high level of satisfaction, good learning results, and satisfactory implementation in the field. Initial and continuing training is an indispensable continuum to sustain good practices in the field and CHWs' motivation. Training evaluation permits standardizing methods and facilitates transferability.

Research on the impact of commercial health education and promotion activities on consumer health behavior

The Chinese government emphasizes the importance of public health and disease prevention under the Healthy China strategy. According to data, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and chronic respiratory diseases are the leading causes of death among both urban and rural residents in China, and the number of patients with chronic diseases and medical expenses continues to rise. The Healthy China strategy advocates a shift from treatment to prevention, emphasizing the importance of health education and promotion. However, the development of China’s health industry is relatively late, and academic research related to health lags behind. Currently, research in the field of health education in China is mainly focused on school health education, prevention and control of chronic diseases, and intervention in major diseases. There is relatively limited research on the impact of commercial health education and promotional activities on the daily health behaviors and health consumption behaviors of the general population. This study aims to investigate the impact of commercial health education and promotional activities on Chinese consumers.

Experiências de acesso e uso da Atenção Primária à Saúde por usuários com hipertensão arterial sistêmica

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify and analyze users’ perceptions of access and use of health services and actions to monitor Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH) in Primary Health Care (PHC). Methods: This is a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study based on 38 semi-structured interviews conducted with users selected from Basic Health Units (BHUs) in a large municipality in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Thematic content analysis was used to identify the empirical categories. Results: Users faced difficulties in scheduling appointments, accessing laboratory test results and medicines at the BHU. Home visits by Community Health Workers (CHWs) intermediated demands for appointments and tests. There were no health education activities and follow-up by the nursing team was residual. The doctor was the main reference, although links were weakened by turnover. Conclusion: The study identified the need to expand access to basic medicines and test results at the BHU, the role of nurses in promotional, preventive and clinical actions, the scope of CHWs’ work in health education and interprofessional work.

First dental consultation in pediatric patients. Machalilla, period September 2022 to July 2023

Dental caries is the most prevalent oral disease, and the main cause of tooth loss and its sequelae, in pediatric age. In Ecuador it is reported that 45% of children between 1 and 9 years old have cavities in untreated temporary teeth. The objective was to determine the age and reason for the first dental consultation in pediatric patients, in the parish of Machalilla, province of Manabí, Ecuador, in the period september 2022 to july 2023. A descriptive study was carried out that included all children aged 0 – 14 years who received a dental consultation for the first time in the First Level Health Center, or in extramural visits in the community. All guardians and caregivers signed the informed consent for their dental care. During the period, 54 patients were treated, 35 (64.9%) in extramural visits and 19 (35.1%) in the dental office, the majority in the age group of 1-4 years, with 26 (48.1%) children, and the main reason for consultation was for a dental examination, 39 (72.3%) children. From the clinical examination carried out, it was determined that 37 children (68.5%) had dental caries and needed conservative restorative treatments or tooth extraction. The results indicate that it is necessary to improve health education and oral disease prevention actions in the pediatric population of Machalilla, involving their guardians and caregivers from an early age

Breast cancer screening awareness, practice, and perceived barriers: A community-based cross-sectional study among women in south-eastern Bangladesh.

Breast cancer is a leading cause of mortality in Bangladesh. An early-stage screening is the best way to reduce both the morbidity and mortality burden of breast cancer. The study evaluated awareness, practice, and perceived barriers towardbreast cancer screening in Bangladesh. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2021 to December 2022 in Chattogram, Bangladesh, where 869 women (18 years or above) were randomly selected in this study. Among 869 participants, 47.3% of women were recruited from urban areasand 52.7% participated from rural areas. Only 32.68% of respondents (urban vs. rural: 44.28% vs. 22.27%) were aware of breast self-examination (BSE) and 52.47% of respondents (urban vs. rural: 63.75% vs. 42.36%) had ever heard Clinical Breast Examination (CBE), respectively. Among the respondents, 27.73% (urban vs. rural: 40.15% vs. 16.59%) performed their BSE, and only 14.61% of respondents (urban vs. rural: 21.90% vs. 8.08%) had ever visited for CBE. Women residing in rural areas were approximately three times (AOR: 0.36[95%CI: 0.25-0.52], AOR: 0.37[95%CI: 0.23-0.58]) less likely to perform BSE and CBE, respectively, than urban dwellers. We found that higher-educated women tend to do more BSE and CBE than women with low levels of education. Perceptions of having "no symptoms" and being "risk-free" are leading barriers to breast screening among women. Poor awareness and practice were observed in screening among the urban and rural women in Bangladesh. Urban area dwellers had comparatively better understanding and practice than rural dwellers. We think extending health education and health promotion activities towardbreast cancer screening is essential in this region.

Educational actions conducted during the pandemic with primary health care professionals: a scoping review.

to map the educational actions conducted with primary health care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. a scoping review conducted in August 2023, which covered databases such as CINAHL, Medline, LILACS, IBECS, BDENF, and Web of Science. In total, 32 publications were analyzed through content analysis. the primary beneficiaries of the educational actions included 69% physicians, 56% nurses, 25% pharmacists, 13% social workers and dentists, 9% psychologists, community health agents, and laboratory professionals, and 6% nursing technicians, nutritionists, and physical educators. The predominant educational interventions were training sessions (mentioned in 19 publications), followed by Continuing Health Education (10 publications) and Continuing Education (three publications). the educational interventions demonstrated positive impacts on professional practice, particularly the Continuing Health Education actions, which were notable for stimulating critical problem-solving among professionals.

Prescription of antidepressants in primary care: a descriptive study on medical professionals' confidence

Antidepressants are the third most prescribed drug class, and most prescriptions are not performed by specialists. This study aimed to evaluate primary health care (PHC) physicians' self-perceived confidence in prescribing antidepressants. This is a cross-sectional study with PHC physicians in the municipality of Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil. Psychiatrists or psychiatry residents were excluded. The self-assessment of confidence and the collection of participants' characteristics was carried out by an online questionnaire. Categorical variables were presented in absolute and relative frequencies. Continuous variables were described as means or medians according to their normality distribution. Of 447 physicians, the sample consisted of 55 participants. Their mean age was 37.2 ± 12.8 years. Most physicians (75%) claimed confidence in prescribing antidepressants. Self-perceived confidence remained predominant in scenarios with older adults (69.2%) and patients with general comorbidities (65.4%). A minority showed confidence to prescribe antidepressants to children/adolescents (19.2%) and pregnant women (26.9%). For 80.4% of participants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were the most trusted pharmacological class. Referral to the Psychosocial Care Center was the most reported strategy in cases of insecure prescription (32%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to address such an issue. Thus, it can contribute to more assertive health education actions for PHC physicians.

MOBILE GAME: TECNOLOGIA EDUCACIONAL PARA CUIDADOS DOMICILIARES DO PACIENTE SUBMETIDO AO TRANSPLANTE HEPÁTICO

ABSTRACT Objective: to develop and validate an educational game capable of supporting health education actions for patients undergoing liver transplantation. Method: this is a study of a technological product, based on the User-Centered Design framework, carried out in a reference hospital for liver transplantation. Participants were patients undergoing liver transplantation, nurses and information technology professionals. Data collection took place through semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire, using Brazilian standards for usability assessment. Data analysis occurred through content analysis, based on the calculation model for the System Usability Scale. Results: seventeen patients participated, including seven nurses and four information technology professionals. The game is made up of five paths with the main care to be carried out at home. Each path presents steps to be followed with its rules. As for validation, the overall mean was 1.38. Usability assessment by patients had a mean of 80 points, while by professionals it was above 75%. Conclusion: it is considered that the aforementioned tool is capable of being used in practice by users. Furthermore, this was adjusted to meet the needs of patients undergoing liver transplantation to support and manage home care.

Estratégias de gestores no cuidado com idosos dependentes em domicílio no Brasil

Abstract Objective To investigate the strategies Brazilian health managers employ to supply dependent elderly home care. Methods This is qualitative hermeneutics-based research with a comprehensive perspective on elderly home care. Sixteen managers working in Primary Health Care and specific elderly healthcare programs from the five Brazilian regions participated in this study. Data were collected from June to September 2019 with semi-structured interviews, and later systematized and consolidated into two themes in light of hermeneutics. Results Managers articulated health education practices, mapped vulnerabilities, implemented care flows and protocols, and organized community support and health promotion groups, besides integrative and complementary practices to consolidate and improve elderly home care. Conclusion Multiple strategies in dependent elderly home care stand out, such as individual and collective health education actions and work management processes, in which the manager plays a crucial role in developing services for the elderly.

Healthcare professionals’ hand hygiene: perspectives of nursing student’s in patients/relatives role

Objective To validate a knowledge, attitude and practice survey on preventive measures against COVID-19 for penitentiary system staff based on environmental theory. Methods This is a methodological study developed in four stages: conceptual structure establishment; instrument elaboration; content validity by judges; and appearance assessment by the target audience. The content of each item was validated for objectivity, clarity and relevance. Survey appearance was assessed regarding objective, organization, writing style and motivation. Content validity coefficient was used to assess agreement among judges and the target audience. Data were analyzed using gross distributions, percentages, position and dispersion measures. Cronbach’s alpha index was used to analyze the consistency of judges’ and target audience’s assessments. Results Regarding content and appearance, the assessed requirements achieved agreement greater than 0.9. In consistency assessment, a Cronbach’s alpha index &gt; 0.9 and &gt; 0.7 was obtained for content and appearance, respectively, indicating that judges and target audiences tended to make similar assessments. Conclusion The survey presented content and appearance validity for collecting data regarding knowledge, attitude and practice regarding COVID-19 prevention for penitentiary system staff, indicating that it could contribute to health education action planning and assessment.

Construção e validação de conteúdo para vídeos educativos ancorado na mudança de comportamento para pessoas com diabetes

Abstract Objective: to build and validate the content of educational video scripts, focusing on behavioral changes for the self-care of people with diabetes. Method: this work was a methodological study, anchored in the transtheoretical model of behavioral change, developed between September 2021 and November 2022, involving two stages: theoretical procedures and empirical and analytical procedures. Validation was carried out by nine judges in the first round and six in the second. In data collection, a Likert-type scale was used, divided into nine criteria and subsequently analyzed based on the content validation index (above 80%) and binomial test. Results: four scripts were constructed based on the topics: self-assessment of behavior, stages of the motivation for change stage, reflections on daily behaviors, adoption of healthy habits, and relapses in the change process. The content achieved an average Validation Index of 0.93 and 1.0 in the first and second round, respectively. Conclusion: the scripts constructed constitute tools with the potential to support health education actions used with people with diabetes in an attempt to change behaviors.

COVID-19 in prisons: validity of a knowledge, attitude and practice survey

Objective To validate a knowledge, attitude and practice survey on preventive measures against COVID-19 for penitentiary system staff based on environmental theory. Methods This is a methodological study developed in four stages: conceptual structure establishment; instrument elaboration; content validity by judges; and appearance assessment by the target audience. The content of each item was validated for objectivity, clarity and relevance. Survey appearance was assessed regarding objective, organization, writing style and motivation. Content validity coefficient was used to assess agreement among judges and the target audience. Data were analyzed using gross distributions, percentages, position and dispersion measures. Cronbach’s alpha index was used to analyze the consistency of judges’ and target audience’s assessments. Results Regarding content and appearance, the assessed requirements achieved agreement greater than 0.9. In consistency assessment, a Cronbach’s alpha index &gt; 0.9 and &gt; 0.7 was obtained for content and appearance, respectively, indicating that judges and target audiences tended to make similar assessments. Conclusion The survey presented content and appearance validity for collecting data regarding knowledge, attitude and practice regarding COVID-19 prevention for penitentiary system staff, indicating that it could contribute to health education action planning and assessment.