Health Checks Research Articles

RE: Prevalence of MRI Lesions in Men Responding to a GP-Led Invitation for a Prostate Health Check: A Prospective Cohort Study

Controversy surrounds population-based screening for prostate cancer, which has typically relied on PSA level for risk stratification. This commentary examines the recent prospective trial examining the use of biphasic prostate MRI scans as a screening tool for prostate cancer. Using a reliable test, such as MRI prostate, at an earlier point along the diagnostic pathway, the authors provide a novel solution to a difficult problem. Further research is warranted to assess how biphasic MRI might be feasible at a population level.

Polygenic risk score adds to a clinical risk score in the prediction of cardiovascular disease in a clinical setting.

A cardiovascular disease polygenic risk score (CVD-PRS) can stratify individuals into different categories of cardiovascular risk, but whether the addition of a CVD-PRS to clinical risk scores improves the identification of individuals at increased risk in a real-world clinical setting is unknown. The Genetics and the Vascular Health Check Study (GENVASC) was embedded within the UK National Health Service Health Check (NHSHC) programme which invites individuals between 40-74 years of age without known CVD to attend an assessment in a UK general practice where CVD risk factors are measured and a CVD risk score (QRISK2) is calculated. Between 2012-2020, 44,141 individuals (55.7% females, 15.8% non-white) who attended an NHSHC in 147 participating practices across two counties in England were recruited and followed. When 195 individuals (cases) had suffered a major CVD event (CVD death, myocardial infarction or acute coronary syndrome, coronary revascularisation, stroke), 396 propensity-matched controls with a similar risk profile were identified, and a nested case-control genetic study undertaken to see if the addition of a CVD-PRS to QRISK2 in the form of an integrated risk tool (IRT) combined with QRISK2 would have identified more individuals at the time of their NHSHC as at high risk (QRISK2 10-year CVD risk of ≥10%), compared with QRISK2 alone. The distribution of the standardised CVD-PRS was significantly different in cases compared with controls (cases mean score .32; controls, -.18, P = 8.28×10-9). QRISK2 identified 61.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 54.3%-68.4%) of individuals who subsequently developed a major CVD event as being at high risk at their NHSHC, while the combination of QRISK2 and IRT identified 68.7% (95% CI: 61.7%-75.2%), a relative increase of 11.7% (P = 1×10-4). The odds ratio (OR) of being up-classified was 2.41 (95% CI: 1.03-5.64, P = .031) for cases compared with controls. In individuals aged 40-54 years, QRISK2 identified 26.0% (95% CI: 16.5%-37.6%) of those who developed a major CVD event, while the combination of QRISK2 and IRT identified 38.4% (95% CI: 27.2%-50.5%), indicating a stronger relative increase of 47.7% in the younger age group (P = .001). The combination of QRISK2 and IRT increased the proportion of additional cases identified similarly in women as in men, and in non-white ethnicities compared with white ethnicity. The findings were similar when the CVD-PRS was added to the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease pooled cohort equations (ASCVD-PCE) or SCORE2 clinical scores. In a clinical setting, the addition of genetic information to clinical risk assessment significantly improved the identification of individuals who went on to have a major CVD event as being at high risk, especially among younger individuals. The findings provide important real-world evidence of the potential value of implementing a CVD-PRS into health systems.

Measuring socioeconomic inequalities in postnatal health checks for newborns in Ethiopia: a decomposition analysis.

Addressing health inequity is a top priority for achieving sustainable development goals. The existing evidences in Ethiopia have shown that there are substantial inequalities in the use of health services among various socioeconomic strata. Therefore, the present study aimed to measure socioeconomic inequalities and the contributing factors in postnatal health checks for newborns in Ethiopia. We used a secondary data from the recent 2019 Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey dataset. The study includes a weighted sample of 2,105 women who gave birth in the 2 years preceding to the survey. The study participants were selected using two stage cluster sampling techniques. The socioeconomic inequality in postnatal health checks for newborns was measured using the Erreygers Normalized Concentration Index (ECI) and illustrated by the concentration curve. A decomposition analysis was done to identify factors contributing to the socioeconomic related inequality in postnatal health checks for newborns in Ethiopia. The concentration curve of postnatal health checks for newborns lay below the line of equality, and the Erreygers normalized concentration index was 0.133, with a standard error = 0.0333, and a p value <0.001; indicating that the postnatal health check for newborns was disproportionately concentrated among newborns with higher socioeconomic status. The decomposition analysis reported that antenatal care (ANC) visit (59.22%), household wealth index (34.43%), and educational level of the mother (8.58%) were the major contributors to the pro-rich socioeconomic inequalities in postnatal health checks for newborns. The finding revealed that there is a pro-rich inequality in postnatal health checks for newborns in Ethiopia. To reduce the observed socioeconomic health inequality, the government needs to improve ANC visits, implement strategies to access health service for economically disadvantaged groups, and increase educational attainment among women.

The Relationship Between Implementation of the Healthy Living Community Movement (Germas) Program Regarding the Health of the Elderly in the Rappang Health Center Working Area

Introduction: One of the main problems facing public health services is the global trend of an increasingly aging society which continues to pose major challenges for policy makers and health service providers as well as socio-economic challenges in the health sector. A number of challenges were encountered during the introduction of the GERMAS program, including a lack of awareness regarding physical exercise for the elderly and the importance of physical fitness. Health services rarely provide social education, thus contributing to the ignorance of the elderly. Objective: To find out the relationship between the implementation of the healthy living community movement (GERMAS) program on the health of the elderly in the Rappang Community Health Center Working Area, Panca Rijang District.. Method: A cross-sectional technique is employed in the descriptive-analytic study design. The sample in this study was 68 reapondents taken using purposive sampling. This study was carried out at the Rappang Community Health Center's operational space, Panca Rijang District, Sidenreng Rappang Regency. Result: From this research, the statistical results of the Chi-Square Test for the physical activity variable were obtained with a significance of 0.000 (p &lt; 0.05), the fruit and vegetable consumption variable had a significance value of 0.025 (p &lt; 0.05), the smoking behavior variable had a significance value of 0.000 (p &lt; 0.05), the alcohol consumption variable has a significance value of 0.590 (p &gt; 0.05), the periodic health check variable has a significance value of 0.000 (p &lt; 0.05), the variable maintaining environmental cleanliness has a significance value of 0.007 (p &lt; 0.05), and the variable m uses standard toilets with a significance value of 1.000 (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusion: The conclusion that can be drawn is that the GERMAS indicators have a significant relationship with the health of the elderly, namely physical activity, consuming fruit and vegetables, smoking behavior, regular health checks and maintaining environmental cleanliness.

Fidelity to and utility of a home blood pressure self-monitoring regime in people with pre-hypertension: results from the REVERSE study.

Around 40% of adults have pre-hypertension (120-139/80-89mmHg) increasing their risk of developing hypertension and associated cardiovascular conditions. Guidance on pre-hypertension management focuses on improving lifestyle. Self-monitoring may improve awareness and understanding of blood pressure (BP) for people with pre-hypertension, allowing them to modify their lifestyle risks. To determine the fidelity to and utility of a home BP self-monitoring regime in people with pre-hypertension. This sub-study is part of a larger prospective, non-randomised feasibility study. Individuals with pre-hypertension were identified via GP records and pharmacy NHS Health Checks in Northwest England. Participants received training for home BP self-monitoring. They were asked to complete two readings (leaving a 5-minute interval) on the first three days of the month for six months, colour-code their readings and take action using a simple algorithm, then send them to the research team within 7 days. Eighty participants (aged 40-79, mean=59) enrolled. The majority were female (n=45, 56%), White British (n=79, 99%), and had not previously monitored their BP (n=55, 69%). Seventy-five (94%) participants completed the training. Sixty-one (81%) received online training and 14 (19%) opted for a face-to-face session. Sixty-one (81%) completed all six months of readings, 51 (68%) also returned them on time. All in-person training participants completed all six months of readings on time. Reasons for non-compliance to the protocol included battery issues, forgetting, and struggling to find a consistent time for readings. Home BP self-monitoring can be feasible and easily implementable for people with pre-hypertension - however, some barriers were identified.

PKM MENJAGA KESEHATAN FISIK DAN MENTAL PADA JURNALIS RADAR KEDIRI

The life of a journalist is a life full of challenges, so it requires good physical and mental health. Therefore, there is a need for regular health checks and providing education, not only physical health but also mental health. The aim of this activity is to carry out community service activities for journalists regarding improving physical and mental health. The method used is the direct implementation method at the Radar Kediri Office. The number of participants was 31 people. The activities carried out consist of three stages, namely preparation, implementation and evaluation. The results obtained were that 36% had prehypertension, 26% had prediabetes and journalists were very enthusiastic about demonstrating again the stress management that was taught. This activity is really needed to improve the performance of journalists, because their lives require excellent health.

Evaluating Hypertension Risk Factors: A Study in Sidoarjo Regency, Indonesia

Hypertension is a public problem that is national-focused. The prevalence in Indonesia reaches 34.1%. Sodium intake, physical activity, central obesity status, and family history are risk factors for hypertension. This study aims to prove sodium intake, physical activity, central obesity status, and family history of hypertension. This cross-sectional approach, a quantitative method, was conducted in Sawotratap Village. Sixty-eight people underwent health checks at Posbindu Saworatap from February to November 2022 and only 63 met the criteria. Measurements of hypertension status using a digital sphygmomanometer, measuring sodium intake using the SQ-FFQ forms, measuring physical activity using a questionnaire, and measuring central obesity status with an abdominal circumference indicator measured by a meter with an accuracy of 1 mm. Data analysis using chi-square test. The results showed that there was a relationship between sodium intake and the incidence of hypertension. There is a relationship between central obesity status and the incidence of hypertension. There is a relationship between family history and the incidence of hypertension. There is no relationship between physical activity and the incidence of hypertension. Sodium intake, central obesity status, and family history are risk factors for hypertension. While physical activity was not associated with the incidence of hypertension.

Pemanfaatan Personal Health Record Dalam Mengontrol Kesehatan Individu (Literature Riview)

Individuals are authorized to access, maintain, and share their Personal Health Record (PHR), which is an electronic application, in a private, secure, and confidential setting. Using PHR will facilitate patient-provider communication. PHR has two-way communication that allows patients and providers to communicate with each other. The main effect of using PHR is that patients will be involved and take an active role in their health and disease prevention. The act of recording health information in PHR will increase patient awareness, such as weight, diet and glucose, and other health checks. Through PHR which stores health information, and consultations, patients feel safe knowing their health. The purpose of this writing is to determine the Utilization of Personal Health Record in controlling individual health. This study uses the Literature Review method. The results of this study are seen from the utilization and features of the Personal Health Record. Utilization of the Personal Health Record in controlling individual health can assist patients in accessing patient personal health information such as knowing blood sugar, blood pressure, laboratory results, and so on. The features used in the PHR have a main menu including health records, medical records, test results, medication reminders, health contacts, and education.

Particulate matter concentrations around natural gas-fired power plants and their associated health impact assessment

The quantification and prediction of particulate matter (PM) concentrations in the air are essential due to their negative impacts on human health and the environment. This study quantified PM concentrations and associated health effects at four natural gas-based power plants in Bangladesh. The measurement of PM2.5 and PM10 using the respirable dust samplers APS-113NL and APS-113BL, respectively from the year of 2015 to 2021 revealed that the concentration of both types of particles fluctuated over the years. The highest recorded levels of particles were in 2019, with PM2.5 at 126 µg/m3 and PM10 at 283 µg/m3 and the lowest recorded levels of particles were in 2017, with PM2.5 at 76.3 µg/m3 and PM10 at 203.3 µg/m3. In 2021, PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were 88.5 and 225 µg/m3, respectively, lower than in the past two years. Statistical modeling assessed atmospheric contaminants analyzed time series data, and projected air quality. ARIMA, ETS, and ANN modeling methods have been used to predict the monthly average of PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations. RMSE, MAPE, MASE, and MAE have been utilized for model orders, time series analysis, and forecasting validation. There is a significant variation between the forecasting models and forecasts for average PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in natural gas-fired power plants from 2022 to 2024. This study also conducted a face-to-face interview with over 100 employees using a structured questionnaire to assess the health effects they are facing due to poor air quality in the power generation complex and found that 2 and 13 % of employees had respiratory and skin issues, respectively. Nonetheless, regular health checks, air filtration, and renewable energy consumption may benefit residents and the environment.

Pemberdayaan Lansia untuk Mencegah Kolesterol dan Hipertensi dengan Optimalisasi Teh Sahdu (Saffron, Telang Biru, dan Madu)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Donor recruitment services are the components of blood services. This donor recruitment activity aims to obtain voluntary blood donors and sustainable blood donors who are healthy and safe. Age is an indicator of the determination to recruit donors. The elderly are the age group that is still the target for recruiting sustainable blood donors. It can be said that donations from elderly donors also contribute to the safety and availability of blood products. These elderly donors come from new blood donors or repeat blood donors. Elderly people who will donate blood are guaranteed to be healthy and have no health problems.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Elderly people are prone to experiencing high blood pressure and cholesterol levels that are above normal. This can be prevented with preventive measures, one of which is providing alternative drinks that can be used to control cholesterol and blood pressure in the elderly.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;This Community Service aims to screen health and empower cadres to optimize the use of sahdu tea.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;em&gt;The results of this Community Service are health checks for the elderly with results based on blood pressure levels, the largest percentage is stage 2 hypertension (37.84%) and cholesterol levels, the largest percentage experiences hypercholesterolemia (64.86%). The socialization and simulation of making sahdu tea was attended by 37 elderly and enthusiastic respondents. Sahdu tea is distributed for 3 weeks and monitored by cadres for routine consumption&lt;/em&gt;

Male Reproduction and Health after Recovery from COVID-19 Infection

Objective. To study the reproductive hormones, semen quality, psychology, and sexual function of childbearing age men after recovery from Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection. Materials and Methods. We recruited 387 men of childbearing age who recovered from COVID-19 infection and underwent prepregnancy health checks at the Reproductive Center of Shandong Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January to March 2023 as study subjects. Routine semen analysis and reproductive hormones were performed. The clinical symptoms, anxiety, depression, erectile function, and premature ejaculation questionnaire were investigated during the COVID-19 infection period. A control group of 226 men of childbearing age who were not infected with COVID-19 between August 2022 and October 2022 were selected based on questionnaire responses, reproductive hormones, and semen parameters. Results. The main clinical symptoms during COVID-19 infection of the 387 research subjects were fever (342/387, 88.37%), muscle pain (155/387, 40.05%), anosmia (124/387, 32.04%), cough (106/387, 27.39%), throat pain (53/387, 13.70%), nausea and vomiting (16/387, 4.13%), and testicular discomfort (5/387, 1.29%). The rates of anxiety and depression were 11.37% (44/387) and 32.82% (127/387), respectively; erectile dysfunction (ED) and premature ejaculation (PE) of the research subjects were accounted for 32.30% (125/387) and 6.98% (27/387). The IEF-5 score (P&lt;0.001) decreased significantly compared to the control group, while the PHQ-9 score (P&lt;0.001), the rate of increased ED (P&lt;0.001), and the rate of depression increased (P&lt;0.001). There were statistically significant differences in liquefaction time (P&lt;0.05), the progressive sperm motility (P&lt;0.05), total sperm motility (P&lt;0.05), the rates of progressive sperm motility &lt;32% (P&lt;0.05), and total sperm motility &lt;40% (P&lt;0.05) between the 1 month, the 2 months after recovery from COVID-19 and controls. Circular cell counts (P&lt;0.05) at 2 and 3 months were lower than in the controls. No changes in reproductive hormones before and after recovery from infection. Conclusion. COVID-19 infection exacerbates depression and ED. It has a sustained effect on sperm motility and liquefaction time in men. The effects of COVID-19 infection on semen persist for approximately 2 months, with recovery occurring in the third month. Reproductive hormone levels do not appear to be continuously affected after recovery from COVID-19.

Health economic analysis of polygenic risk score use in primary prevention of coronary artery disease – A system dynamics model

BackgroundPrimary prevention programs utilising traditional risk scores fail to identify all individuals who suffer acute cardiovascular events. We aimed to model the impact and cost effectiveness of incorporating a Polygenic risk scores (PRS) into the cardiovascular disease CVD primary prevention program in Australia, using a whole-of-system model. MethodsSystem dynamics models, encompassing acute and chronic CVD care in the Australian healthcare setting, assessing the cost-effectiveness of incorporating a CAD-PRS in the primary prevention setting. The time horizon was 10-years. ResultsPragmatically incorporating a CAD-PRS in the Australian primary prevention setting in middle-aged individuals already attending a Heart Health Check (HHC) who are determined to be at low or moderate risk based on the 5-year Framingham risk score (FRS), with conservative assumptions regarding uptake of PRS, could have prevented 2, 052 deaths over 10-years, and resulted in 24, 085 QALYs gained at a cost of $19, 945 per QALY with a net benefit of $724 million. If all Australians overs the age of 35 years old had their FRS and PRS performed, and acted upon, 12, 374 deaths and 60, 284 acute coronary events would be prevented, with 183, 682 QALYs gained at a cost of $18, 531 per QALY, with a net benefit of $5, 780 million. ConclusionsIncorporating a CAD-PRS in a contemporary primary prevention setting in Australia would result in substantial health and societal benefits and is cost-effective. The broader the uptake of CAD-PRS in the primary prevention setting in middle-aged Australians, the greater the impact and the more cost-effective the strategy.

Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption and Height Loss in Adults: A Longitudinal Analysis in the EPIC-Norfolk Study

BackgroundHeight loss in aging has been recognized to reflect a decline in musculoskeletal health but not investigated in relation to dietary factors, such as sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), the consumption of which may deteriorate musculoskeletal health. ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the longitudinal association of habitual consumption of total SSBs and its subtypes with height loss and examine effect-modification by age, sex, and anthropometry. MethodsWe evaluated 16,230 adults aged 40–79 y in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Norfolk cohort. At baseline (1993–1997), SSB consumption (soft drinks, squashes, sweetened milk beverages, sweetened coffee/tea, and sweetened alcoholic beverages) was assessed using 7-d food diaries. Height was objectively measured at the baseline, second (1997–2000), and third (2004–2011) health checks. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine baseline SSB consumption and the rate of height change over the follow-up. ResultsThe median (IQR) height change was −1.07 (−2.09 to −0.28) cm/10 y. Adjusted for potential confounders including behavioral factors, medications, and baseline body mass index (BMI), total SSB consumption was associated with height loss (β: −0.024; 95% CI: −0.046, −0.001 cm/10 y per 250 g/d of SSB), and similar results were seen for the individual beverages, except for sweetened milk beverages (β: +0.07; 95% CI: −0.16, 0.30), with wide CIs. No effect-modification by prespecified factors was evident, except for baseline BMI (P-interaction = 0.037). Total SSB consumption was associated with height loss (−0.038; 95% CI: −0.073, −0.004) in participants with BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2 but not apparently in those with BMI > 25 kg/m2. ConclusionsSSB consumption was modestly associated with height loss, particularly in adults with normal weight status.

EDUCATION ABOUT DIET MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS TO ELDERLY AT THE ELDERLY POSYANDU, PELEM VILLAGE, KEDIRI DISTRICT

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia due to abnormalities in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. The number of DM sufferers globally increases every year, the causes include increasing population, age, obesity, and lack of physical activity. Preventive measures that can be taken include education and regular health checks. To increase knowledge and understanding of elderly about hypertension and diabetes, one of the efforts made is to provide health education about hypertension and diabetes, as well as screening elderly in Pelem Village, Kediri District. In this activity, the results showed that there was increasing knowledge about diabetes of elderly, which was the addition of information and insight about health and provided a clear description for elderly regarding the prevention and management of diabetes through counseling and educational media in the form of leaflets.

The case for integrated IMR programs: increasing operational efficiency with a holistic approach that reduces risk and carbon emissions

This paper discusses the positive impact of adopting an integrated, customisable inspection, maintenance, and repair (IMR) approach when addressing subsea assets. Primary focus and expenditure are typically committed to the design, planning, and engineering of infrastructure. Of paramount importance, but often overlooked, are the ongoing health checks required of the subsea assets. These activities are regularly left until an issue is found, production is affected, or subsea asset data is required to enable decision making to ensure the lowest level of risk and maximise uptime. How the operations and maintenance approach used for subsea assets is best addressed using an integrated philosophy that streamlines not only contract management, but the collection and analysis of data is detailed. By supporting a more holistic view of assets not only by field, but regionally and globally, operators are best positioned to apply advanced technologies including machine learning for the development of risk-based inspection programs that provide insight into potential failures and anomalies. Building and adopting truly optimised IMR programs also reduces vessel days by leveraging already deployed assets, advanced technologies, and remote piloting to complete varied inspection tasks simultaneous to other ongoing operations, lowering emissions and risk associated with mobilisations and personnel on board. The impact of optimised inspection planning on users’ in-house resources is detailed. With internal experts dealing with IMR planning, analysis, and data management often stretched, adopting this forward-thinking approach to IMR has the potential to alleviate the burden associated with targeted planning and clearing backlogs that manage risk.

Test Coverage in Microservice Systems: An Automated Approach to E2E and API Test Coverage Metrics

Test coverage is a critical aspect of the software development process, aiming for overall confidence in the product. When considering cloud-native systems, testing becomes complex, as it becomes necessary to deal with multiple distributed microservices that are developed by different teams and may change quite rapidly. In such a dynamic environment, it is important to track test coverage. This is especially relevant for end-to-end (E2E) and API testing, as these might be developed by teams distinct from microservice developers. Moreover, indirection exists in E2E, where the testers may see the user interface but not know how comprehensive the test suits are. To ensure confidence in health checks in the system, mechanisms and instruments are needed to indicate the test coverage level. Unfortunately, there is a lack of such mechanisms for cloud-native systems. This manuscript introduces test coverage metrics for evaluating the extent of E2E and API test suite coverage for microservice endpoints. It elaborates on automating the calculation of these metrics with access to microservice codebases and system testing traces, delves into the process, and offers feedback with a visual perspective, emphasizing test coverage across microservices. To demonstrate the viability of the proposed approach, we implement a proof-of-concept tool and perform a case study on a well-established system benchmark assessing existing E2E and API test suites with regard to test coverage using the proposed endpoint metrics. The results of endpoint coverage reflect the diverse perspectives of both testing approaches. API testing achieved 91.98% coverage in the benchmark, whereas E2E testing achieved 45.42%. Combining both coverage results yielded a slight increase to approximately 92.36%, attributed to a few endpoints tested exclusively through one testing approach, not covered by the other.

Nursing assessment of mental health issues in the general clinical environment: A descriptive study.

To evaluate the effectiveness of a mental health screening form for early identification and care escalation of mental health issues in general settings. A secondary aim was to explore general nurses' use of the form and their confidence to discuss mental health issues with patients. A cross-sectional design comprising a review of clinical records to determine use of the form, instances of missed care and escalation to the mental health team. The survey focused on nurses' confidence in general settings to engage in discussions with patients about mental health. Data were collected from April to December 2022. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Statement guided this study. Of 400 patient records, 397 were analysed; 293 (73.8%) of those had mental health screening by nurses. Age was a significant factor, with younger patients more likely to be screened although concerns were typically recognized in older patients. Of the 20 patients identified with mental health concerns, 9 (45%) were referred for further evaluation by the Clinical Liaison Team. While nurses were proactive in assessing physical risks, assessing risk factors that required deeper conversations with patients, including psychiatric history, was lacking. The survey highlighted fewer than half of the respondents (46%, n = 10) felt competent to engage in discussions about mental health; however, most (59%, n = 13) knew when to seek a mental health referral. General nurses have a role in the early identification and referral of patients with mental health challenges. However, training is imperative to facilitate deeper patient interactions concerning mental health. Integrating mental health checks within general settings is crucial for early detection and intervention, aligning with global quality care standards. STROBE guidelines. We received feedback that shaped the research protocol from a consumer representative.

Nutrition for dementia prevention: a state of the art update for clinicians.

Dementia prevalence continues to rise. It is therefore essential to provide feasible and effective recommendations to encourage healthy brain ageing and reduce dementia risk across the population. Appropriate nutrition represents a potential strategy to mitigate dementia risk and could be recommended by clinicians as part of mid-life health checks and other health initiatives to reduce dementia prevalence. The purpose of this review is to provide a clinician-focused update on the current state of the knowledge on nutrition and dementia prevention. Narrative review. Strong evidence exists to support the consumption of healthy, plant-based dietary patterns (e.g. Mediterranean, MIND or Nordic diet) for maintaining cognitive function and reducing dementia risk in later life and is supported by dementia prevention guideline from leading public health bodies (e.g. World Health Organization). Emerging evidence suggests potential cognitive benefits of consuming specific nutrients/foods (e.g. n-3 fatty acids or fish, flavonols and B-vitamins) and multi-nutrient compounds (e.g. Fortasyn Connect). Challenges and opportunities for integrating nutritional/dietary interventions for dementia prevention into clinical practice are explored in this review. Appropriate nutrition represents an important factor to help facilitate healthy cognitive ageing and allay dementia risk. The information provided in this article can help clinicians provide informed opinions on appropriate nutritional strategies as part of mid-life Health Checks and other risk reduction initiatives.

Incentives for plasma donation.

This work provides an overview of the incentives used for plasma donation in Europe and beyond. The overview can provide new ideas to blood establishments. We conducted a systematic online search of incentives used and asked national experts to validate the data across all European Union countries as well as other European and non-European countries. We categorized the data into level of incentive (using the Nuffield Council on Bioethics' rungs [2011]) and country. We analysed more than 490 organizations across 26 countries. Our findings reveal different incentives used in these countries. Snacks and pre-donation health checks are commonly provided. In addition, loyalty programmes, small gifts, vouchers, lotteries, travel compensations and time off from work extend the strategic incentive portfolio. Only seven countries offer financial compensation ranging from the equivalent of 10-35€ for European countries. In countries with a decentralized model, where more than one organization collects plasma, we observe that more diversified incentive strategies are generally used, including monetary and non-monetary incentives. In countries with a centralized model, where only one organization is allowed to collect plasma, financial compensation is usually not offered. Centralized plasma collection without financial compensation relies on a wider range of non-monetary incentives than with financial compensation. The country group analysis offers valuable insights into the relationship between incentive strategies and the prevailing centralized versus decentralized plasma collection model. This overview provides a broader understanding of incentives used by blood establishments and offers avenues for future practice.

Monitoring Hypertension Group Regularly and Intensively with Officers and Cadres (Fit Heart Group) as an Effort to Increase the Knowledge of Elderly Cadres about Controlled Hypertension

Controlled hypertension is a health problem that is closely related to mortality. The prevalence of this disease increases significantly every year throughout the world. Failure in self-awareness results in decreased self-control and decreased self-efficacy, resulting in patients not having regular control and not regularly taking hypertension medication. This study aims to increase the knowledge of female cadres about controlled hypertension. Using pre-test and post-test results of elderly cadres in blood pressure measurement training for hypertensive patients with the T-Test. Inclusion criteria of elderly cadres who have a blood pressure measurement training certificate at the UPTD Tegalampel Public Health Center. The 20 elderly cadres who took part in blood pressure measurement training with using T-Test to see the effect of training for elderly cadres toward blood pressure measurement level of knowledge. Based on the results of the T-Test, there was no significant improvement after health education regarding the prevention and treatment of hypertension (p=0.115). Given to the level of knowledge of elderly cadres regarding blood pressure measurement training. This is caused by increased self-awareness, self-control, and self-efficacy. Efforts to increase the level of knowledge of elderly cadres about controlled hypertension can increase self-awareness by forming a healthy heart group (the hypertension group is supervised regularly and intensively by officers and cadres) by forming a WA group, training elderly cadres with blood pressure measurement training and therapy counseling traditional (guava leaves, garlic, cat's whiskers leaves, ginger, bay leaves, noni, soursop leaves, soak feet in warm water)to increase awareness of controlled hypertension patients in improving healthy lifestyles, namely regular health checks, taking medication regularly.