Health Centers In Surabaya Research Articles

Hubungan Antara Karakteristik dengan Kadar Ferritin pada Ibu Hamil Trimester III di Puskesmas Jagir Surabaya

Ferritin is an iron storage protein and is extracellular in serum. Ferritin serum functions as a clinical marker of the body's iron stores status. Low ferritin levels illustrate the low iron stores that lead to iron deficiency conditions resulting in anemia in pregnant women. Some maternal characteristics affect ferritin levels in pregnant women.This study aims to determine the relationship between characteristics with ferritin levels. Taking the location of the research at the Jagir Public Health Center in Surabaya with a sample of 30 respondents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The research method was observational analytic by taking maternal venous blood to be examined for ferritin levels then looking for the relationship with the characteristics of pregnant women and analyzed using chi square. More than half (83%) of respondents had ferritin levels <30 µg / ml. The results of the analysis using chi square (p = <0.05) show that there is a relationship between age (0.04) and parity (0.01) with ferritin levels. No relationship between education (0.71) and employment (0.23) with ferritin levels. Age and parity were related to ferritin levels. Education and work are not related to ferritin levels for pregnant women in the third trimester. It is expected that pregnant women increase consumption of foods that contain lots of iron to prevent anemia and health workers provide socialization of foods that contain lots of iron.

Analisis Kepuasan Pengguna Mobile E-Health berdasarkan Metode End User Computing Satisfaction (Studi di 5 Puskesmas di Kota Surabaya)

The internet-based technology development is beneficial for all sectors, including the health sector. For example, the Primary Healthcare Center. Primary Healthcare Center, provides health services with various health programs to fulfill the community's needs. A program in which The Primary Healthcare Center uses internet-based technology is e-health. E-health is a service designed for the public which is a combination of information and communication technology applications that are connected to all functional elements that support the health sector as their knowledge base. E-health has been enforced in 63 Primary Healthcare Centers in Surabaya. This study aims to analyze the use and satisfaction of mobile e-health in 5 Primary Healthcare Centers in Surabaya base on the End User Computing Satisfaction (EUCS) Method. EUCS consists of 5 variables, which are content, accuracy, format, ease of use, and timeliness. This study was designed as an observational study in Primary Healthcare Center patients using mobile e-health as a population. The study involved 100 patients in 5 health centers in Surabaya. The sample was selected using a random sampling method. The results of the study point out that all respondents were satisfied with the e-health mobile application, however, gaps still occur in each EUCS variable. This is due to the reality does not meet the expectations. The biggest gap is in the timeliness variable, which is 0,6. Due to the gap between reality and expectations. To increase user satisfaction, evaluation is needed to be done. Such as, strengthen the mobile application’s system, to achieve the user’s expectation and minimize the gap between expectations and reality. Simplification of usage and motivation procedures for the community should be continued so that the use of e-health mobile can cover all Surabaya citizens.

Patient�s Compliance with Oral Antibiotics Treatments at Community Health Centers in Surabaya: A 20-KAO Questionnaire Development

The irrational and incompliance use of antibiotics has been correlated to bacterial resistance. Several methods evaluated patients' compliance with oral antibiotics have been conducted. However, a standard questionnaire for evaluating oral antibiotics compliance in Indonesian has not been developed yet. This study was conducted to record the content validity of the developed questionnaire called 20-KAO to assess compliance with oral antibiotics. The validity content test was conducted through six experts review using the Item Content Validity Index (I-CVI) and Scale-Content Validity Index (S-CVI). The experts were also requested to provide recommendations for each item, whether revisions or deletion. After the review process, the number of questions remains unchanged. A total of 19 out of 20 items had an I-CVI of 1.00, and S-CVI was calculated at 0.98. Therefore, 20 items of the 20-KAO questionnaire have excellent content validity. However, future construct validity and reliability test to analyze the responses of targeted respondents and the questionnaire's consistency are needed.

The Effects of Self Reminder Card to the Successful Treatment of Blood Pressure of Hypertension Patients in Community Health Centers in Surabaya

Hypertension treatment aims to control blood pressure. Self-reminder card is a tool that can help patients to avoid forget in taking the medicine. The purpose of determine the effects of self-reminder cards on the successful treatment of blood pressure in hypertension patients at community health centers in Surabaya. Research design Quasi Experimental control and self-reminder card group pre post prospective with Wilcoxon and Mann Whitney test Analysis. The sample was 115 patients. The results showed that the systolic blood pressure of the patients pre post the intervention group (p = 0.009) and test of both groups (p = 0.009) so that effect the successful in reducing systolic blood pressure of hypertension patients. In the pre post diastolic blood pressure of the intervention group (p = 0.016) and test was conducted for both groups (p = 0.935) so that no effect the successful in reducing diastolic blood pressure in hypertension patients.

The Effect of Self-reminder Card to the Level of Adherence of Hypertension Patients in Community Health Center in Surabaya

BACKGROUND: Hypertension was an increase of blood pressure which caused damages on the target organs. Treatment therapy of hypertension patients was very complex and required a long period of time. Target of hypertension therapy was to keep the patient’s blood pressure controlled. Achieved therapeutic target was increasing adherence of patient medication. The success of treatment was not only influenced by the quality of health care but also influenced by the patient’s adherence to the treatment. Self-reminder card was a tool helping patients to avoid forget taking medicine.
 AIM: The aim of this research was to determine the effect of self-reminder card on the level of adherence to treatment in hypertension patients in 10 community health centers (Puskesmas) in Surabaya.
 METHODS: This research used QUASI experimental two groups pre-post prospective. Adherence measurement used Morisky, Green, Levine Adherence Scale questionnaire. The results of the questionnaire were analyzed statistically. Research was conducted in May 2020 at the community health center in Surabaya. Research criteria are patients with hypertension diagnosis without comorbid disease who get antihypertensive therapy.
 RESULTS: The results of the study obtained 115 patients (55 control group patients and 60 intervention group patients). Statistical analysis using Mann–Whitney, there was a difference between the level of adherence to treatment in the control and intervention group with the value of p < 0.001. A test analysis using Wilcoxon signed-rank, there was a difference between the level of adherence to treatment before and after the intervention group with the value p < 0.001.
 CONCLUSIONS: Self-reminder card was effective in increasing the level of adherence to the treatment of hypertension patients.

Translation and Validation of the Indonesian Version of the Hypertension Knowledge-level Scale

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is a chronic disease that can cause cardiovascular complications. Hypertension in Indonesia increased from 25.8% in 2013 to 34.1% in 2018. This is an important concern to increase knowledge and understanding of hypertension. Knowledge level of hypertension is one of the factors that influenced adherence to the lifestyle and treatment of hypertension.
 AIM: This study aimed to develop a questionnaire instrument to measure the level of hypertension knowledge, namely the Indonesian version of the hypertension knowledge-level scale (HK-LS) questionnaire. HK-LS consisted of 22 statement items which were divided into five dimensions, namely definition, medical treatment, drug compliance, lifestyle, diet, and complication.
 METHODS: Data collection was carried out in May 2020 from five community health centers in Surabaya, East Java, with a total of 245 respondents. The HK-LS questionnaire carried out the translation process, including initial translation, expert panel, back translation, expert committee, pre-testing, validity, and reliability of the final version of HKLS.
 RESULTS: Based on the validity test, it was known that all HK-LS statement items were valid. For the reliability test, it was known that the Cronbach alpha coefficient of hypertension was 0.758 and non-hypertension was 0.858. The discriminative validity test showed that HKLS scores between the two groups of respondents were statistically significant.
 CONCLUSIONS: Translation and validation results show that it was known that the Indonesian version of the HK-LS questionnaire was valid and reliable for the target population.

Evaluasi Pengelolaan Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah Puskesmas

Community health centers are releasing infectious wastewater that must be treated using a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). The performance of WWTP will affect the quality of effluent wastewater, while the quality has been determined by the Governor of East Java Regulation No. 72 of 2013, so as not to pollute the environment. This research purposed to evaluate the management of WWTP incommunity health center in Surabaya, which covers the north, south, east and west. This research analyzed the installation of 5 wastewater treatment plants, consisting of 2 WWTP Non-Inpatient Health Centers with the highest population category, and 3 Inpatient Health Centers with the highest number of beds. Data collection was obtained from observations, interviews and laboratory tests. Wastewater samplings were carried out at the inlet, after filtration and outlet. Data were analyzed descriptively and compared with East Java Governor Regulation No. 72 of 2013 and WWTP Technical Guidelines. The results of the research showed that the effluent quality of the Surabaya City Health Center wastewater treatment plant has met the quality standards. The discharge of wastewater community health centersnot exceed the maximum discharge of wastewater, but the Tanah Kalikedinding and the Jagir Health Center produced wastewater exceeding the discharge capacity of WWTP, so that the performances becomes less efficient. In terms of management, only Dr. Soetomo health center had sufficient grades, while others got excellent grades.

The Influence of Family Support on Providing Complete Primary Immunizations

Background: Primary immunizations is a series of vaccination given to babies before the age of one, and it can actively increase immunity to diseases such as Hepatitis B, Poliomyelitis, Tuberculosis, Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Pneumonia, and Meningitis caused by Hemophilus influenza type B, and measles. Family support is one of the essential factors for the completeness of immunization because it will encourage parents to immunize their children. The social support theory was used here since it assumes that the source of support from families such as parents, siblings, children, relatives, and partners provides examples for individuals to perform or suggest a positive behavior. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of family support on the provision of complete primary immunization at the Sidotopo Health Center in Surabaya. Methods: This research used a descriptive-analytic method with a simple random sampling of 54 respondents with a degree of significance (α=0.05). Sample inclusion criteria include mothers who have children aged 12-24 months, have a health card (KMS), and live around the area of Sidotopo Health Centre. The exclusion criteria are those who were not willing to be respondents. Results: The effect of family support on immunization has a significant value of 0.015 (P Value <0.05) on emotional support, while the support of appreciation, instrumental support, and informative support are not substantial (P Value>0.05). Conclusion: Family support for complete primary immunizations includes emotional support, appreciation support, instrumental support, and informative support. Overall, emotional support has a direct influence on providing immunization. Therefore, appreciation support, instrumental support, and informative support did not significantly affect immunization.

PEMBERIAN ASI BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN DERAJAT STUNTING BAYI USIA 6-12 BULAN

Background: Mother's Milk (ASI) is the most important food and drink for babies. Additional food besides breast milk at an earlier age can increase morbidity. The degree of stunting is defined as a measure of nutritional status based on height by age in the z-score that is categorized into mild stunting, moderate stunting and severe stunting. Objective: To analyze the relationship between breastfeeding and the degree of stunting in infants aged 6-12 months in the Work Area of ​​the Kenjeran Health Center in Surabaya. Method: In this study using a correlation analytic research design with a cross sectional approach. The research population of all stunting infants in the working area of ​​the Surabaya Kenjeran Health Center was 325 infants in 4 Kelurahan including Kenjeran Kelurahan, Bulak Kelurahan, Kedung Cowek Kelurahan, and Sukolilo Kelurahan. The sample technique uses Probability Sampling by using Stratified Random Sampling as many as 97 babies. The research instrument used a questionnaire to determine breastfeeding. As well as measuring the degree of stunting using an observation sheet adjusted to the z-score table (body length / age). Results: The results showed that infants aged 6-12 months who experienced the worst degree of stunting consume milk partially. The Spearman rho test showed an association between breastfeeding and the degree of stunting ρ = 0,000 (ρ <α = 0.05). Conclusion: Breastfeeding is related to the degree of stunting, so that it can be socialized about the movement of the first 1000 days of life and counseling about providing complementary foods suitable for the age of the baby to cadres in the Work Area of ​​the Kenjeran Health Center in Surabaya.

Self-Efficacy Affects Cancer Patients in Solving Problems, Seeking Support and Avoiding Problems as Coping Mechanisms

Background: Cancer is a disease that causes various physical and mental problems. Being diagnosed with cancer affects the self-efficacy and behavior of individuals to choose a coping mechanism in facing the problem.Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effect of self-efficacy on solving problems, seeking support, and avoiding problems as coping mechanisms in cancer patients.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 45 cancer patients selected using a total sampling technique from two public health centers in Surabaya, Indonesia. Data were collected using the General Self-Efficacy Scale and Coping Strategy Indicator, and analyzed using the Shapiro Wilk for data normality, and linear regression to determine the effects of self-efficacy on solving problems, seeking support, and avoiding problems with p< 0.05. Results: The results showed the participants’ rate of self-efficacy levels (M=3.26), and coping mechanism levels in solving problems (M=3.46), seeking support (M=2.88), and avoiding problems (M=3.27), as well as mean scores of self-efficacy (32.6±3.8), solving problems (34.6±3.8), seeking support (31.8±3.7), and avoiding problems (32.7±3.2). Based on the linear regression test, there was a significant effect self-efficacy on solving problems (p<0.001; R2=0.97), seeking support (p<0.001; R2=0.98), and avoiding problems (p<0.001; R2=0.98) as coping mechanisms. Conclusion: Cancer patients who had high self-efficacy scores would choose solving problems and seeking support as the coping mechanisms, but those with lower scores on self-efficacy prefer to avoid the problems.

Recovery time period and quality of life after hysterectomy.

Background: Women who had undergone hysterectomy have to overcome problems related to sexual and reproductive health. They often suffer a decline in self-esteem due to sexual dysfunction and the inability to give birth, along with their quality of recovery. This study aims to describe the relationships between recovery time and the components of quality of life after hysterectomy.D esign and methods: 103 women post-hysterectomy from several community-integrated health center in Surabaya were selected using the total sampling technique.Results: Findings show that there is relationship between recovery time period and sexual activity (P=0.000). However, no significant relationship exists between recovery time period personal relationships and social support.Conclusions: It is recommended that nurses should improve their social support for women and families during recovering, to avoid pathological stress and improve quality of life.Significance for public healthHysterectomy has several impacts on women, affecting their quality of life. Different length of recovery time period may affect quality of life after hysterectomy. Adequate help and support from friends, family and health care professionals, could improve their quality of life after surgery. Three components of quality of life are discussed, namely personal relationships, social support, and sexual activity. This study describes the relationships between recovery time period and the components of quality of life after hysterectomy

Self-Concept Influences the Hopes and Psychological Well- Being of Cancer Survivors in Surabaya, Indonesia: A Cross- Sectional Study

Background: The stigma of cancer as a deadly disease greatly affects the patient’s perspective in shaping self-concept, which impacts on hopes and influences the stability of psychological well-being. The purpose of this study was to prove that the self-concept influences the hopes and psychological well-being of cancer survivors. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Samples were 90 cancer survivors from three public health centers in Surabaya, Indonesia taken by simple random sampling. All participants completed the instruments of the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale, Herth Hope Index, and Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale. All the instruments were valid and reliable based on the test. Ethical feasibility has been conducted. The Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Test was applied to analyze the data with P < .05. Results: The demographic characteristics of cancer survivors include the age majority of 46-65 years (53%), female sex (80%), married (61%), having stage-III cancer (44%), diagnosed of cancer for 1–6 years (56%), having support system from nuclear families (73%), and actively involved in the community (66%). The mean score of self-concept is 78.2, hope 38.2, and psychological well- being 76.3. Self-concept had a significant effect on hope (r = .783, P = .000) and psychological well-being (r = .611, P = .000) Conclusions: Cancer survivors who had positive self-concepts are more likely to accept themselves, which triggers the formation of high hope for recovery and the achievement of positive psychological well-being.

Pengaruh Kompetensi Tenaga Analis Kesehatan Terhadap Persiapan, Proses, Serta Pembacaan Hasil Direct Preparat Ziehl-Neelsen (Zn) Di Puskesmas Rujukan Mikroskopis (PRM) Di Surabaya

Puskesmas Rujukan Mikroskopis (PRM) Tuberculosis (TB) adalah laboratorium yang mampu membuat sediaan, pewarnaan dan pemeriksaan mikroskopis dahak, menerima rujukan dan melakukan pembinaan teknis kepada Puskesmas Satelit (PS), tenaga kesehatan di Puskesmas berperan sebagai pelaksana pelayanan kesehatan diharapkan agar Tugas Pokok dan Fungsi (Tupoksi) tenaga kesehatan sesuai dengan pendidikan dan keterampilan yang mereka miliki. Untuk menjamin ketepatan hasil pemeriksaan dahak mikroskopis diperlukan kompetensi. Kompetensi yang dimaksud disini adalah kemampuan untuk melaksanakan atau melakukan suatu pekerjaan yang dilandasi atas keterampilan dan pengetahuan serta didukung oleh sikap kerja yang dituntut oleh pekerjaan tersebut.Penelitian ini dilakukan di seluruh Puskesmas Rujukan Mikroskopis (PRM) di Surabaya pada bulan Februari 2013 - Januari 2014. Sampel dalam penelitian adalah tenaga analis kesehatan Puskesmas Rujukan Mikroskopis (PRM) di Surabaya yang telah mengikuti pelatihan mikroskopis Tuberculosis (TB) dan telah bersertifikat. Hasil analisa data menggunakan uji ANOVA diperoleh hasil nilai Fhitung sebesar 4.638 dengan tingkat signifikasi sebesar 0.030 yaitu kurang dari 5% pada persiapan, nilai Fhitung sebesar 11.573 dengan tingkat signifikasi sebesar 0.01 kurang dari 5% pada proses dan nilai Fhitung sebesar 4.603 dengan tingkat signifikasi sebesar 0.031 kurang dari 5% pada pembacaan. Ini membuktikan bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara kompetensi tenaga analis kesehatan terhadap persiapan, proses, serta pembacaan hasil direct preparat Ziehl-Neelsen.

Profile and Lifestyle of Hypertensive Patients, Cardiovascular Comorbidity , and Complications in a Primary Health Center in Surabaya, Indonesia

BACKGROUND: Hypertension prevalence which increased in the last two decades in Indonesia depleted national expenditure. The government responded through many programs in educating the community and improving the primary health center (PHC). The engagement of patients and doctor’s role in PHC was very important in managing the disease. Patient’s lifestyles, comorbid, and the role of PHC, such as in early detection, examination, drug administration, and education, as well as screening for the complication, needs to be evaluated.
 AIMS: This study aimed to analyze the profile and lifestyle of hypertensive patients and health services in PHC as one of the catastrophic diseases in Indonesia.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS : This was a cross-sectional study design with total sampling. The study was held in one of the PHC in Surabaya from May 2018 until August 2018. The s ample size was 104. Data were collected using questionnaires, physical, and laboratory examinations as well as secondary data from the medical record. The statistical analysis was performed at a significance p < 0.005 using the Chi-square test.
 RESULTS: The majority were women with age >60 years and two-thirds of all hypertensive cases had uncontrolled blood pressure (69.2%). Laboratory results showed abnormalities: Dyslipidemia (50.5%), high fasting blood sugar (38.6%), and high uric acid (10.1%). Nearly one-third of patients (27.9%) already had abnormalities in the electrocardiography (ECG) since the procedure been done rarely. Contrarily, most of them committed to a healthy diet and taking the medication regularly in line with doctor’s education when they visit PHC. Regarding exercise, most of them stated not to do it regularly.
 CONCLUSION: The majority of the hypertensive patients had uncontrolled blood pressure and unhealthy lifestyle worsening the disease.

Determinants of Toddler Toilet Training Readiness in the Kenjeran Community Health Center in Surabaya

Introduction: Toilet training for children is an attempt to train children to control bowel movements and urination. Besides, children are encouraged to be able to defecate and urinate in the specified place. The success of toilet training depends on the readiness of the child and family. This study aims to determine the factors that affect toilet training readiness for toddlers.Methods: The research design used is descriptive analysis, with a cross-sectional approach. The population at Kenjeran Community Health Center is 2.755 toddlers, and the sample used in this study is 25 toddlers with purposive sampling. The instrument used in this study was a children's toilet training questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the crosstab and chi-square analysis.Results: This study showed a relationship between the child's age and the child's sex with the readiness of the child's toilet training with p = 0.00 (α = 0.05).Conclusion: Nurses as health workers are expected to be educators to parents about the importance of toilet training in children by taking into account both physical, psychological, and environmental aspects in supporting the process of toilet training.

Bayesian Mixture Poisson Regression for Modeling Spatial Point Pattern of Primary Health Centers in Surabaya

Primary Health Centres (PHC) are the first referral health facilities for Indonesian people to seek treatment. The varying distribution of PHC location in central Surabaya, therefore, causes its process to follow the Non-homogeneous Poisson Point Process (NHPP). We use Bayesian analysis coupled with Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) to model the mixture Poisson regression on NHPP intensity estimation. The result shows that two mixture components are significantly involved in the model along with four variables; i.e., the total population, the number of clean households, Accessibility Index, and the length of road; that produce the smallest Deviance Information Criteria (DIC). Keywords: Bayesian Analysis; Mixture Poisson Regression; NHPP Intensity; Primary Health Centres

The Impact of Independent of Activity Daily Living among Stroke Patients on Caregivers Burden

Introduction: Weakness among stroke patients causes obstacles when fulfilling their activities in daily living (ADL). This condition also has an impact on the caregivers who provide daily care at home. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of independent ADL among the stroke patients on caregiver burden.Methods: The study used an analytical design through a cross-sectional approach. The variables included independent ADL and caregiver burden. A sample of 120 caregivers was taken from 2 community health centers in Surabaya through simple random sampling. The instruments used were Zarit Burden's Interview Schedule and the Katz Index of Independent for ADL. Regression ordinal was used to analyze the influence of independent ADL among stroke patients on caregiver burden.Results: The results showed that the caregiver who take care of stroke patients with severe functional impairment will feel burdened 3 times more than no burden. Post-stroke care at home through a rehabilitation program plays an important role in improving the condition of patients and their families at home, especially the caregivers.Conclusion: Nurses in a community health center through the family health care pathway provide comprehensive bio-psycho-socio-spiritual care in the rehabilitation period as expected. They are expected to improve and maintain the fulfillment of human needs comprehensively for stroke patients and their caregivers, so the quality of life of stroke patients, caregivers and their families remains optimal.

Hubungan Karakteristik Keluarga, Pengetahuan Dan Selfcare Pada Pola Makan Lansia Hipertensi

Hypertension is a disease that is risk for the elderly. The inability of the elderly to perform self care has an impact on health status. Self care in improper food management in the elderly with hypertension is the focus of attention to maintain the quality of life of the elderly. Family and elderly knowledge will be related to the implementation of self care elderly hypertension. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of the family (income, family assistance), knowledge and self care of the hypertension elderly diet at the medokan ayu community health center in surabaya.This research uses correlational analytic design with the cross sectional approach. The population in this study is the elderly hypertension at the medokan ayu community health center in surabaya. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling so as to obtain 44 elderly into the sample in this study. The independent variable is family characteristics (family income, and family assistance) as well as knowledge about eating patterns. The dependent variable is selfcare on a diet. Data were collected using a questionnaire sheet and then analyzed using the spearman rank and chi-square with a significant level <0.05. The results showed there was a relationship between family characteristics (income with a significance value of 0.04, family assistance with a significance value of 0.02, while the knowledge of the elderly with self care in the elderly hypertension diet significance value of 0.03. Elderly with hypertension requires assistance in self care.Keywords : family, knowledge, selfcare, elderly, hypertension

In-door factors and its status related to pneumonia risk in children under five years

Children under five years spend most of their time indoors, which means that their primary exposure to air pollution may come from home. Pneumonia has been one of the serious problems for children under five in Indonesia. In this study, we aim to analyze pneumonia risk factors including environmental risk factors at home and the host factors. We conducted a case-control study. Cases were children aged 12 to 59 months with pneumonia based on medical records of Sememi Primary health center in Surabaya and controls were those with non-pneumonia who live surrounding. We administered structures questionnaires to mothers to obtain data on in-door exposure (ETS, coil mosquito smoke, and aerosol mosquito) and the host factors (birth weight and exclusive breastfeeding). Housing environment (humidity, temperature, natural light, ventilation, and child bedroom’s densities) were measured using appropriate tools. Data were analyzed using binary logistic regression; the significance level was set at 0.05. The results showed that humidity, natural light, and exclusive breastfeeding were related to pneumonia. Although the in-door exposure was not. Children under five bedrooms should be designed comfortably and have good indoor air quality. Exclusive breastfeeding could be a protective risk factor to pneumonia in children under five.

The Relationship between Early Initiation of Breastfeeding and Exclusive Breastfeeding in the Work Area of Wiyung Public Health Center, Surabaya

Introduction: In Indonesia, there has been a 10% increase in the span of five years for exclusive breastfeeding, however this is still far from the national target. One of the factors that can cause low rates of national exclusive breastfeeding is that not all babies have received an early initiation of breastfeeding. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding for babies aged 7-12 months in the work area of Wiyung Public Health Center, Surabaya. Methods: This study was a quantitative research with a cross-sectional approach. The study used a questionnaire as the research instrument given to 30 respondents, namely mothers who had 7-12 month old babies in the work area of Wiyung Public Health Center, Surabaya. Results: The percentage of early initiation of breastfeeding in babies aged 7-12 months was 53.33% meanwhile the percentage of exclusive was 73.33%. Using Chi Square Fisher Exact Test, it was found that there is no relationship between early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding for babies aged 7-12 months in the working area of the Wiyung Public Health Center in Surabaya. (The value of p = 0.574 with a value of α = 0.05, p>α). Conclusion: The early initiation of breastfeeding is not the only factor influencing exclusive breastfeeding for babies aged 7-12 months in the work area of the Wiyung Public Health Center in Surabaya. Further research is needed on other factors that can relate to and influence exclusive breastfeeding.