Tooth Extraction Wound Healing Research Articles

Distinctive Tooth‐Extraction Socket Healing: Bisphosphonate Versus Parathyroid Hormone Therapy

Patients with osteoporosis who receive tooth extractions are typically on either oral bisphosphonate or parathyroid hormone (PTH) therapy. Currently, the consequence of these therapies on hard- and soft-tissue healing in the oral cavity is not clearly defined. The aim of this study is to determine the differences in the therapeutic effect on tooth-extraction wound healing between bisphosphonate and PTH therapies. Maxillary second molars were extracted in Sprague Dawley rats (n = 30), and either bisphosphonate (zoledronate [Zol]), PTH, or saline (vehicle control [VC]) was administered for 10 days (n = 10 per group). Hard-tissue healing was evaluated by microcomputed tomography and histomorphometric analyses. Collagen, blood vessels, inflammatory cell infiltration, and cathepsin K expression were assessed in soft tissue using immunohistochemistry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and immunoblotting. Both therapies significantly increased bone fill and suppressed vertical bone loss. However, considerably more devital bone was observed in the sockets of rats on Zol versus VC. Although Zol increased the numbers of blood vessels, the total blood vessel area in soft tissue was significantly smaller than in VC. PTH therapy increased osteoblastic bone formation and suppressed osteoclasts. PTH therapy promoted soft-tissue maturation by suppressing inflammation and stimulating collagen deposition. Zoledronate therapy deters whereas PTH therapy promotes hard- and soft-tissue healing in the oral cavity, and both therapies prevent vertical bone loss.

Effects of insulin‐like growth factor I on alveolar bone remodeling in diabetic rats

Diabetes is a chronic hyperglycemic disorder and results in a tendency to develop osteoporosis. Furthermore, the delayed healing of tooth-extraction wounds, the activation of alveolar resorption and the suppressed formation of bone around implants are difficult for dentists to resolve. In diabetes, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) appears to enhance the differentiation of osteoblasts and to activate the mineralization of bone. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of insulin-like growth factor I on the remodeling of alveolar bone in diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats by intravenous administration of alloxan. The teeth of the rats were extracted to investigate remodeling of alveolar bone. Insulin-like growth factor I was administered, via intraperitoneal injection, to diabetic rats following tooth extraction. The remodeling of alveolar bone was determined using radiographic data, histological analyses and tetracycline fluorescence labeling. Compared with the control group, diabetes decreased alveolar bone formation. The height of alveolar bone and the bone-formation rate was significantly lower in the untreated diabetic group than in the control group or in the treated rats. Treatment with insulin-like growth factor I not only regulated abnormal blood glucose levels but also increased the height of the alveolar bone and increased the bone-formation rate relative to the results in diabetic animals. Furthermore, the expression of glucose transporter-1, the main transporter of glucose, was changed by hyperglycemia. The results suggest that insulin-like growth factor I treatment increases the volume of newly formed bone following tooth extraction and normalizes the expression of glucose transporter-1 in diabetic rats, which may play an important role in bone formation and mineralization.

Proliferative Activity, Apoptosis, and Histogenesis in the Early Stages of Rat Tooth Extraction Wound Healing

We examined the proliferative activity, apoptosis, and histogenesis in the early stages of the rat healing socket from just after extraction until new bone formation occurs. Thirty 11-week-old male Wistar rats underwent bilateral maxillary first molar tooth extraction. Five craniomaxillary tissue specimens were dissected at the following time points: at 12 h, days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 after surgery. The immunohistochemical expression of both proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and the Ki67 counterpart of rodent (MIB5) for proliferative activity and both the TUNEL reaction and the immunohistochemical expression of single-strand DNA for apoptosis were evaluated using 6-µm-thick serial paraffin sections, which were prepared in the coronal plane. The positive cell counts in the socket were converted into the cell numbers per mm² as either the proliferative index (PI) or the apoptotic index (AI). The PI and the AI showed maximum levels at 5 days and 12 h after extraction, respectively. The proliferative activity in the early stages of extraction wound healing is initially distributed in the remaining periodontium with load-induced apoptosis, next in the proliferative fibrous tissue, and then around the trabeculae of the new bone marking its peak.

Molecular cloning of wound inducible transcript (wit 3.0) differentially expressed in edentulous oral mucosa undergoing tooth extraction wound-healing.

Tooth extraction is the most commonly prescribed ablation surgery in dentistry and results in the formation of edentulous mucosa. Although the edentulous mucosa serves as the critical interfacial tissue for removable and implant-assisted prostheses, the structure and physiology of this wound-induced tissue are largely uninvestigated. We addressed the hypothesis that tooth extraction activates the expression of a unique set of genes in healing edentulous mucosa. Using the Differential Display Polymerase Chain Reaction and 5' Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends protocols, we isolated overlapping cDNAs encoding a 3.0-kb-long mRNA, Wound Inducible Transcript, 3.0 (wit 3.0). In situ hybridization demonstrated that wit 3.0 was primarily expressed by the fibroblasts associated with tooth extraction wound-healing. Appearing to generate from the wit 3.0 gene, two alternative transcripts presented, encoding 215-(wit 3.0 alpha) and 253-(wit 3.0 beta) amino-acid-long peptides with the characteristics of an intracellular molecule. Analysis of these data may provide new clues to the molecular mechanism of edentulous mucosa formation.

Studies on Microvascular Pattern and Formation of Bone Trabeculae during Healing of Tooth Extraction Wounds

Studies on Microvascular Pattern and Formation of Bone Trabeculae during Healing of Tooth Extraction Wounds

Current perspectives in residual ridge remodeling and its clinical implications: A review

Purpose. This article reviews the current understanding of the biology of tooth extraction wound healing and residual ridge remodeling. Methods. The review of the biology of tooth extraction wound healing involves a discussion of the different cells populating the tooth extraction wound, the matrix formation, and the control of the repair process in the short-term. Defects in socket matrix formation or cellular activity will lead to stalled healing. The review of residual ridge remodeling describes the long-term result of tooth extraction and formation of residual ridges, in which the quantity of bone tissue continuously decreases. This may suggest that any potential regulatory factors of residual ridge resorption should have an adverse effect either on the increased catabolic activity by osteoclasts or on the decreased anabolic activity by osteoblasts. Both short-term tooth extraction healing and long-term residual ridge remodeling processes are interdependent. Furthermore, any potential genetic and environmental regulatory factors can affect the quality and quantity of bone by altering the gene expression events taking place in bone cells. Results. The intent of this article was to review the current progress of biologic research on residual ridge remodeling and to relate the changes at molecular, cellular, and tissue levels. The understanding of residual ridge remodeling may provide a sound scientific basis for improved restorative and therapeutic treatments of the edentulous population. (J Prosthet Dent 1998;80:224-37.)

Sequential changes in microvasculature during tooth extraction wound healing in diabetic rats

Sequential changes in microvasculature during tooth extraction wound healing in diabetic rats

5 糖尿病ラットの抜歯創治癒過程における微細血管構築の経日的変化について (第445回 大阪歯科学会例会)

5 糖尿病ラットの抜歯創治癒過程における微細血管構築の経日的変化について (第445回 大阪歯科学会例会)

Influence of different types of non-resorbable suture material on the healing of extraction wounds. A histological study in rats.

The influence of different non-resorbable suture materials on the healing of tooth extraction wounds was examined in 120 adult male albino rats. Nylon gave the best biological results for healing of the mucosa and dental socket. Silk and cotton produced considerable delay of socket healing. Healing was only mildly delayed by polyester suture, with a short moderate inflammatory reaction at the initial stage.

Healing of tooth extraction wounds in rats with renal hypertension. A histological study.

Healing of tooth extraction wounds in rats with renal hypertension. A histological study.

The effect of indomethacin on tooth extraction wound healing in rats.

Untersuchungen an der Ratte zeigten, dass nach Zahnextraktionen die Zufuhr von Indomethazin ein postoperatives Oedem beträchtlich reduziert, dabei aber die Ossifikation der Alveolenhöhle verzögert.