IntroductionVonoprazan has been found to promote a better antisecretory effect addressing acid-related diseases’ unmet needs.AimTo assess if vonoprazan effectively treats patients diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease esophagitis or with peptic ulcers induced by chronic use of aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.Material and methodsA literature search was conducted (April/2021) using Medline via PubMed, Cochrane library, Lilacs, Scielo, and Centre for Reviews and Dissemination electronic databases.ResultsWe retrieved 55 titles. Of these, 13 met the eligibility criteria and were included in this review. Of these 13 articles, 4 were prospective cohort studies, 1 was a follow-up analysis of a preceding prospective study, 1 was a retrospective cohort study, and 6 were randomized clinical trials.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that vonoprazan was effective and non-inferior to proton pump inhibitors in healing and maintaining healed reflux oesophagitis, leading to faster symptom relief. Vonoprazan may also be considered for preventing aspirin- or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-related peptic ulcer recurrence.