Healing Behavior Research Articles

Obesity Current Research and Future Hope

Obesity is an all-encompassing community health concern characterized by overconsumption of carcass fat, superior to adverse strength effects, containing cardiovascular ailments, diabetes, and various cancers. This abstract supports a short survey of current research styles and future prospects in the battle against obesity. Current research exertions are directed at understanding the complex interaction of historical, environmental, and behavioral determinants relating to corpulence. Genetic studies have identified abundant susceptibleness genes, peeling away the hereditary facets of corpulence. Meanwhile, material determinants such as obesogenic diets and lazy behaviors stretch to be key extents of investigation. Novel healing attacks and behavior qualification strategies are energetically being examined. Approaches involve the growth of anti-corpulence drugs, bariatric abscission, and attacks address gut micro biota. Promising findings are arising in the fields of accuracy, cure, personalized digestive approvals, plant structure, and individualized absorption. The future hope in the fight against corpulence lies in the unification of science and mathematical strength tools. Mobile devices, wearable devices, and telehealth manifestos offer creative ways to monitor and control corpulence. The big dossier science of logical analysis and artificial intelligence can help healthcare providers and cases form cognizant resolutions for personalized burden administration.

"Evaluate Knowledge Translation Care Plan on the Wound Healing and Caring Behaviors of Hospitalized Patients with Pressure Injury"

"Evaluate Knowledge Translation Care Plan on the Wound Healing and Caring Behaviors of Hospitalized Patients with Pressure Injury"

Electromagnetic-Shocking-Induced Interface Healing and Mechanical Properties Improvement in Pre-Bonded Stainless Steel

Hot-deformation pre-bonding is a newly developed method to avoid smelting defects in large stainless steel billets, in which the high-quality interfacial connection needs to be realized as a key guarantee. In this work, a novel electromagnetic shocking treatment (EST) method, as a special way to apply an external physical field, was proposed to introduce the hot-deformation pre-bonded austenitic stainless steel. It is demonstrated that EST can efficiently optimize the hot-deformation pre-bonded interface and restore the tensile properties of pre-bonded stainless steel within several seconds. The interface healing behaviors induced by EST were analyzed via the in situ observation of an optical micrograph, scanning electron micrograph, as well as electron backscattering diffraction. The optimization of the interface connection is mainly attributed to the fact that EST can act on the interface locally, leading to the healing of voids at the interface accompanied by a reduction in stress and the decomposition of oxide. In addition, EST plays another important role in adjusting the texture difference at both ends of the interface, which can further improve the mechanical properties. The results suggest that EST exhibits great potential in promoting the hot-deformation pre-bonding of large billets.

Investigation of Self-Healing Performance of Asphalt Mastic-From the Perspective of Secondary Aging.

Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has been widely utilized because it is an environmentally friendly and economical material. The performance of recycled asphalt mixtures will deteriorate gradually with the secondary aging process of asphalt, including the self-healing property. To further understand the self-healing characteristics of asphalt after secondary aging, taking 70# petroleum asphalt, SBS-modified asphalt, and extracted old asphalt mastics as objects, the fatigue self-healing test and fracture self-healing test were conducted to simulate the intermediate-and low-temperature healing behaviors of different asphalt mastics. The impact of healing time, healing temperature, and aging degree of mastics on the healing performance was systematically investigated. The results show that the original unaged asphalt mastics present excellent fatigue healing properties with an index of 0.796 and 0.888 for 70# petroleum and SBS-modified asphalt mastics, respectively. The secondary aging process causes significant impact on the healing properties, leading to a great drop in the corresponding index, which decreased to 47.5% and 72.5% of that of the unaged ones. The fracture healing ability of all mastics was much inferior to the fatigue healing. After secondary aging, the fracture healing index values of 70# petroleum asphalt, SBS-modified asphalt, and extracted old asphalt mastics were all as low as around 0.3, indicating similar performance can be found in the secondary aged SBS-modified asphalt mastics and 70# asphalt mastics. Overall, after secondary aging, the fatigue damage of SBS-modified asphalt mastics can be cured effectively by self-healing, but the fatigue and fracture self-healing properties of 70# asphalt mastics are difficult to recover. These results could provide an innovative view to understand the fatigue and fracture healing characteristics of recycled asphalt pavement after secondary aging.

Study on the Evolution Behavior of Growth and Healing of Residual Pores in Cross Wedge Rolling of Sintered Ti–6Al–4V Alloy

Study on the Evolution Behavior of Growth and Healing of Residual Pores in Cross Wedge Rolling of Sintered Ti–6Al–4V Alloy

Stiffening-resistant composite TBCs counteracting the substrate constraint effect during thermal exposure

Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) endow metal components with an increased capacity to endure exposure to high temperatures. Plasma-sprayed TBCs exhibit excellent thermal insulation performance and are widely used in land-based thermal protection systems. However, plasma-sprayed TBCs are more prone to cracking during usage, significantly limiting their applications. The main issue is the sintering-induced stiffening that enhances the cracking driving force. In this work, stiffening-resistant TBCs were fabricated using a composite structure that counteracts the substrate constraint effect. First, the substrate constraint effect on the TBCs was studied based on the surface roughness. The results revealed that stiffening was the primary cause of substrate constraint-related failure. Two-dimensional (2D) interface gaps were spontaneously formed during thermal exposure, which could reduce stiffening by 20%. Moreover, the healing behavior of the 2D gaps was analyzed and used to explain the stiffening-resistant behavior. Finally, the effect of the newly formed 2D gaps on the lifespan of the TBCs was analyzed. Detailed simulations suggested that the newly formed 2D gaps were capable of reducing the strain energy release rate and led to the growth of large in-plane cracks. For future applications, it is necessary to fully take advantage of the newly-formed 2D gaps by avoiding their negative effects on TBC life span.

Non-destructive evaluation of ductile-porous versus brittle 3D printed vascular networks in self-healing concrete

Additive manufacturing (AM) can produce complex vascular network configurations, yet limited testing has been done to characterize the damage and healing behavior of concrete with embedded networks for self-healing. In this study, different AM methods and network wall materials were used to produce vascular networks for self-healing concrete prisms, where their load-response behavior, healing efficiency and microstructure were evaluated using non-destructive techniques: acoustic emission (AE), ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), digital image correlation (DIC), and X -ray computed tomography (CT). The types of healing agent release mechanisms that were studied include a ductile-porous network that supplies fluid from its pores and a brittle network that fractures under load to release fluid. DIC coupled with AE verified debonding of ductile-porous networks from the cementitious matrix, and was able to track damage progression as well as healing for all networks with load regains up to 56 % and stiffness regains up to 91 % using polyurethane.

The Role of Clay in Limiting Frictional Healing in Fault Gouges

AbstractFrictional healing is fundamental to the seismic cycle and plays a role in the energy balance, dynamics, and recurrence interval of earthquakes and slow slip events. Although the healing behavior of quartz has been studied extensively, the role of clay content is less understood. We tested synthetic mixtures of quartz and smectite (10%–100% smectite) in a double‐direct shear configuration to measure frictional healing. We show that the magnitude and rate of healing decreases systematically with higher clay content (from 0.008/decade at 10% smectite to 0.002/decade at 100% smectite). Healing scales with both the magnitude of stress relaxation during holds and layer‐normal compaction of the gouge. We suggest this reflects the alignment of clay minerals, leading to saturation of the real area of contact that limits restrengthening during holds. The low healing rates of clay‐rich faults—together with rate‐neutral to rate‐strengthening friction—should promote frequent, small failures or stable sliding.

Investigation of the combination of microwave heating and calcium alginate capsule rejuvenation healing methods for cold mix asphalt considering the type of compaction effort

Healing behavior of asphalt mixes can affect the pavement life and life cycle cost. Effects of encapsulated rejuvenators and microwave heating methods (as two approaches to improve self-healing behavior) on the cold mix asphalt (CMA) were studied separately and simultaneously at different compaction conditions (i.e., different types and levels of compaction). For this aim, capsules of calcium alginate (CAG) loaded with waste sunflower oil (WSO) and waste engine oil (WEO) were used as encapsulated rejuvenators and iron (Fe) powder was used as a heat conductive material to spread microwave heating into the samples. Moreover, the synergetic effect of powder-based heat-absorbing additives and encapsulated rejuvenators on the healing performance (HP) was also investigated. The chemical test results showed that the Fe powder is compatible with the bitumen emulsion. Pre- and post-healing semi-circular bending (SCB) fracture experiments were conducted before and after healing to check for the effect of the healing method and compaction effort on the HP of CMA. The results indicated higher effectiveness of the microwave heating rather than the encapsulated rejuvenators for facilitating the healing of cracked areas in asphalt mixes. Combining microwave heating and encapsulated rejuvenation methods was not successful in improving the HP, and the healing index was reduced 10 to 15% when both methods were combined. Compaction condition was more influential than the healing method, and the adverse impact of inadequate compaction could not be compensated with any healing methods. It was shown that the healing index can be improved by more than 10% when a proper compaction was applied to the specimens.

Influence of Cu addition on hot tearing susceptibility and fluidity of Al-Li-Cu alloys: Experimental investigation, criterion prediction and simulation assessment

Al-Li-Cu alloys are competitive structural materials owing to their unique combination of low density and high specific strength. However, their severe hot tearing susceptibility (HTS) significantly degrades casting quality. In this paper, the influence of Cu addition on the HTS and fluidity of Al-2Li-xCu (x = 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 wt %) alloys was systematically investigated. Results revealed a non-monotonic variation between Cu content and fluidity, with Al-2Li-1Cu alloy exhibiting the worst fluidity. A modified HTS index was developed based on tear volume detected using 3D X-ray tomography technique. It indicates that Al-2Li and Al-2Li-4Cu alloys show better hot tearing resistance, while Al-2Li-1Cu alloy demonstrates the highest HTS. The experimental results were then compared with the predictions of Kou′s criterion and numerical simulation by using ProCAST software. The simulation results align with experimental data, which show great potential in predicting the castability of alloys. The prediction of Kou′s criterion is reliable, although it slightly deviates from the experimental curve at 1Cu. Further analysis indicated that the vulnerable temperature range is the most influential variable dominating HTS. The finer grain size, enhanced healing behavior and reduced solidification contraction lead to better hot tearing resistance in high Cu-containing alloys. In addition, the ratio curve of drop-in (DI) force to ultimate force exhibits a similar trend to the HTS curve, indicating the severity of hot tearing can be roughly predicted by evaluating the DI force/ultimate force ratio. These findings contribute to a profound understanding of the castability of Al-Li-Cu alloys and are expected to provide reliable theoretical guidance for industrial composition design.

An enhanced lattice beam element model for the numerical simulation of rate-dependent self-healing in cementitious materials

This paper describes the development of a discrete lattice model for simulating structures formed from self-healing cementitious materials. In particular, a new approach is presented for simulating time dependent mechanical healing in lattice elements. The proposed formulation is designed to simulate the transient damage and healing behaviour of structures under a range of loading conditions. In addition, multiple and overlapping damage and healing events are considered. An illustrative example demonstrates the effects of varying the healing agent curing parameters on the computed mechanical response. The model is successfully validated using published experimental data from two series of tests on structural elements with an embedded autonomic self-healing system. The meso-scale model gives detailed information on the size and disposition of cracking and healing zones throughout an analysis time history. The model also provides an accurate means of determining the volume of healing agent required to achieve healing for all locations within a structural element. The importance of the information provided by the model for the design of self-healing cementitious material elements is highlighted.

Preparation of in-situ Ti3Si(Al)C2 reaction bonded low carbon Al2O3–C refractories and its abnormal thermal shock behavior

In view of the requirements of low carbon and guaranteed service performance of functional refractories in the steel continuous casting process, in-situ Ti3Si(Al)C2 reaction bonded low carbon Al2O3–C refractories were prepared by reactive melt infiltration (RMI). The microstructure, mechanical properties, especially the thermal shock resistance of obtained refractories were investigated. The results showed that Ti3Si(Al)C2 in-situ formed in Al2O3–C refractories, leading to refractories comparable or superior mechanical properties compared to commercial ones. With the increase of infiltration temperature from 1450 °C to 1550 °C, the amount of Ti3Si(Al)C2 increased and the cold modulus of rupture (CMOR) of obtained refractories was enhanced. Particularly, the increased CMOR from 49.9 MPa to 62.7 MPa before and after thermal shock indicated its excellent thermal shock resistance. This abnormal phenomenon can be attributed to the inherent properties of Ti3Si(Al)C2. Meanwhile, it may be also related to the crack healing behavior in obtained refractories at high temperatures.

Fabrication of versatile polyvinyl alcohol and carboxymethyl cellulose-based hydrogels for information hiding and flexible sensors: Heat-induced adjustable stiffness and transparency

With the growing demand for wearable electronics, designing biocompatible hydrogels that combine self-repairability, wide operating temperature and precise sensing ability offers a promising scheme. Herein, by interpenetrating naturally derived carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel matrix, a novel hydrogel is successfully developed via simple coordination with calcium chloride (CaCl2). The chelation of CMC and Ca2+ is applied as a second crosslinking mechanism to stabilize the hydrogel at relatively high temperature (95 °C). In particular, it has unique heat-induced healing behavior and unexpected tunable stiffness & transparency. Like the sea cucumber, the gel can transform between a stiffened state and a relaxed state (nearly 23 times modulated stiffness from 453 to 20 kPa) which originates from the reconstruction of the crystallites. The adjustable transparency enables the hydrogel to become an excellent information hiding material. Due to the presence of Ca2+, the hydrogels show favorable conductivity, anti-freezing and long-term stability. Based on the advantages, a self-powered sensor, where chemical energy is converted to electrical energy, is assembled for human motion detection. The low-cost, environmentally friendly strategy, at the same time, complies to the “green” chemistry concept with the full employment of the biopolymers. Therefore, the proposed hydrogel is deemed to find potential use in wearable sensors.

Microbial stimulation of oxytocin release from the intestinal epithelium via secretin signaling

ABSTRACT Intestinal microbes impact the health of the intestine and organs distal to the gut. Limosilactobacillus reuteri is a human intestinal microbe that promotes normal gut transit, the anti-inflammatory immune system, wound healing, normal social behavior in mice, and prevents bone reabsorption. Oxytocin impacts these functions and oxytocin signaling is required for L. reuteri-mediated wound healing and social behavior; however, the events in the gut leading to oxytocin stimulation and beneficial effects are unknown. Here we report evolutionarily conserved oxytocin production in the intestinal epithelium through analysis of single-cell RNA-Seq datasets and imaging of human and mouse intestinal tissues. Moreover, human intestinal organoids produce oxytocin, demonstrating that the intestinal epithelium is sufficient to produce oxytocin. We find that L. reuteri facilitates oxytocin secretion from human intestinal tissue and human intestinal organoids. Finally, we demonstrate that stimulation of oxytocin secretion by L. reuteri is dependent on the gut hormone secretin, which is produced in enteroendocrine cells, while oxytocin itself is produced in enterocytes. Altogether, this work demonstrates that oxytocin is produced and secreted from enterocytes in the intestinal epithelium in response to secretin stimulated by L. reuteri. This work thereby identifies oxytocin as an intestinal hormone and provides mechanistic insight into avenues by which gut microbes promote host health.

An alkali-responsive mineral self-healing agent with mechanical property enhancement for cementitious composites

Self-healing cementitious materials are regarded as an effective choice to increase the sustainability of the resource and environment. In this study, an alkali-responsive mineral self-healing agent (AMS) was prepared inspired by bone repair. The healing component, phosphate, was loaded into the halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and encapsulated by the layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly method. The structure and alkali-responsive behavior of AMS, the effect of AMS on the mechanical properties of cement pastes, the stability of AMS before cement cracking, and its effect on the self-healing efficiency of the cement pastes were investigated with a range of analytical techniques. Results showed that AMS was successfully encapsulated and endowed with excellent alkali responsiveness. The incorporation of AMS was effective in reinforcing the mechanical performances of cement pastes. XRD analysis showed that the phosphate encapsulated in AMS can be mostly retained until cracks appear. When cracks occurred, the B-type carbonated calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite was found as the main product in the crack environment. The surface crack around 130 μm in the damaged specimens containing 5% AMS was fully sealed and healed, and its damaged compressive strength was almost completely recovered after curing for 28 days. The synergistic effect of autonomous healing triggered by AMS and autogenous healing behavior promotes the self-healing process and improves the self-healing efficiency of the hardened cement pastes.

Roles of waste carbon fibers on the efficiency of multiple induction heating healing behavior in asphalt mixture for sustainable infrastructure

This study systematically investigated the potential of waste carbon fibers (WCFs) as a sustainable solution in enhancing the multiple induction heating healing of asphalt mixture, thereby tackling two major concerns: the environmental impact of WCFs and the durability of asphalt pavement. Firstly, four groups of asphalt binder samples with different WCFs contents were prepared. The viscosity and workability of WCFs modified asphalt binder were analyzed. Next, asphalt mixture containing 2% steel fibers was prepared at the optimal WCFs content, while control groups without WCFs were prepared with 2% and 4% steel fibers content. A comprehensive study was conducted on the induction heating rate, effective heating depth and surface temperature cooling rules of the asphalt mixture. Finally, by conducting multiple "fracture-healing" tests, the influence of WCFs on the healing efficiency of asphalt mixture was analyzed. The results revealed that WCFs increased the viscosity of the virgin asphalt, but excessive WCFs content hindered the workability. The optimal WCFs content was determined to be 1% (by weight of asphalt binder). WCFs enhanced the thermal conductivity of the asphalt mixture, accelerating heating and improving vertical heat transfer while reducing surface temperature decline. During multiple "fracture -healing" processes, the inclusion of WCFs enhanced the mechanical strength of the asphalt mixture, improved its healing efficiency, and increased the number of healings. Even after five cycles, the specimen with the most damage still showed a fracture energy recovery rate (FERR) of over 30%. In conclusion, WCFs significantly enhanced the multiple induction heating healing efficiency of the asphalt mixture.

A study of the void surface healing mechanism in 316LN steel

Abstract The behavior of void surface healing in 316LN steel samples undergoing thermal plasticity deformation was investigated using the Gleeble 1500 thermomechanical simulator. The characterization of the void surface after plastic deformation was analyzed under different deformation temperatures, deformation amounts, and holding time durations. The morphology evolution and microstructure of the void surface healing zone during thermal plasticity deformation and holding time duration stage were analyzed using electron back scatter diffraction imaging. The mechanism of void surface healing under thermal plasticity deformation was investigated. It was found that the degree of void surface healing increases with the degree of deformation and the duration of the holding time. Dynamic recrystallization occurred continuously at the void surface, resulting in a plethora of crystal defects and a substantial amount of energy. These conditions were conducive to atomic diffusion and migration, thereby promoting the healing process of the void surface. Maintaining high temperature after deformation can continue to provide energy for the diffusion and migration of atoms, promotes the growth of recrystallized grains, and gradually heals the void surface.

Effects of COVID-19 Stress on Healing Behavior in Residential Spaces.

This study aims to analyze the effects of COVID-19 stress on healing behavior in residential spaces. Based on the results, the study further examines the residential space as a healing environment according to space use behavior in the post-COVID era. A survey including 2101 Korean people was conducted. The COVID Stress Scale for Korean People (CSSK) was used to identify COVID-19 stress. In addition, using a literature review on healing environment factors and behavioral changes after the pandemic, survey questions were developed to assess changes in healing behavior. A frequency analysis was conducted for sociodemographic factors, and the relationship between COVID stress factors and healing behavior factors in residential spaces was examined using factor and correlation analyses. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to verify the effects of COVID stress factors on changes in healing behavior. The results revealed that COVID stress affected healing behavior in residential spaces; however, there were differences in healing behavior depending on the COVID stress factors. Fear of being infected positively affected infection prevention behavior in homes. Anger towards others negatively affected the establishment of elements that support various activities in the residential spaces and furniture arrangement. Stress from social distancing difficulties affected healing behavior in residential spaces but was not related to infection prevention behavior. Residential spaces can serve as healing spaces when people are provided with various spatial factors that support diverse types of behavior during a pandemic crisis.

Effect of DC and AC electric fields on crack healing behavior in 8 mol% yttria‐stabilized cubic zirconia polycrystal

AbstractThe effect of the flash event (FE) on microcrack healing behavior in 8 mol% yttria‐stabilized zirconia was examined at healing temperatures of 1040 and 1230°C under the direct and alternating (DC and AC) electric fields. The crack healing behavior changed depending on the factors of the electric field, healing temperature, and crack length. Although the crack healing proceeded with the temperature, the healing rate increased with the crack length, suggesting that the external energy stored as crack surface energy would provide a driving force for the crack healing. Although the crack healing occurs even under the static annealing without the electric field, the healing rate was accelerated by FE significantly more under the AC field than under the DC field. The microcracks with a length of ≈20 μm were fully healed at 1230°C only for 10 min by the FE treatment under the AC field, and the flash healing behavior was four times faster than that of the static annealing. These results suggest that the enhanced healing behavior cannot be explained only by thermal effects, and the accelerated diffusivity caused additionally by nonthermal effect under FE might contribute to the enhanced healing behavior, especially in the AC electric field.

Characteristics and properties of asphalt mortar containing FO filler

As a preventive maintenance method, microwave self-healing is an effective method for early repairing small cracks in asphalt mixture, reducing maintenance costs and prolonging service life. However, asphalt mixtures containing aggregate-type wave-absorbing agents have a common problem of uneven heating. Asphalt mixture was prepared by partially replacing the limestone filler with ferroferric oxide (Fe3O4, FO), and the healing performance under microwave heating was studied. The rheological properties of asphalt mortars with FO and the fluidity of conventional asphalt mortars were studied by dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). Then, the magnetostatic properties and electromagnetic parameters of FO fillers were analyzed by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and vector network analyzer (VNA). Finally, the semicircular bending (SCB) samples were studied by the breaking-microwave healing experiment. The results show that FO fillers have obvious ferromagnetism, and they mainly rely on magnetic loss for energy conversion. FO is beneficial to the improvement of high temperature rheological properties of asphalt mortar but not to low temperature rheological parameters; the replacement ratio of FO to limestone filler should not exceed 50%. The flow healing behavior of asphalt mortar is greatly affected by temperature, which is the fundamental reason for the self-healing of asphalt mixture. The heating efficiency of the asphalt mixture containing FO filler is significantly improved under microwave irradiation; the FO filler has a slightly negative effect on the initial strength of SCB samples but can significantly improve the healing rate after microwave.