Media Headlines Research Articles

Поэтика медиадискурса: лингвокогнитивные основы разграничения каламбура и игры слов (на материале англоязычной прессы)

Pun and wordplay are to be regarded as some of the most striking linguistic means of creating expressiveness and forming media discourse poetics. However, despite the significant amount of previous research into these devices, many aspects of their formation and functioning still remain unclear. First and foremost, it concerns the definition of pun and wordplay, and their respective demarcation. This article, in addition to the widespread formal (structural) demarcation criterion, considers the linguo-cognitive grounds for such a division. The study was conducted on the material of English-language media headlines based on the frame analysis method. The research has identified three frame models of pun and wordplay formation: two frames overlapping on the basis of (a) common terminal(s) (M1), one frame expanding due to the emergence of a new frame focus (M2), and conceptual integration of two frames (M3). Based on the analysis of examples of these models actualized in Englishlanguage mass media headlines, it has been concluded that the frequency of a particular form of realization of a stylistic device based on the corresponding structural and frame (linguo-cognitive) model may indicate whether it is an instance of the pun or wordplay.

САМООЦЕНКА В ПОЗИЦИИ ЗАГОЛОВКА ПЕЧАТНЫХ СМИ: СЕМАНТИКА И ПРАГМАТИКА

САМООЦЕНКА В ПОЗИЦИИ ЗАГОЛОВКА ПЕЧАТНЫХ СМИ: СЕМАНТИКА И ПРАГМАТИКА

MAKING CITIES WATER-WISE AND CLIMATE-RESILIENT — LESSONS AND EXPERIENCE FROM THE CAPE TOWN DROUGHT

Half of humanity now lives in cities and the net inflow of population into cities will continue. Among all challenges faced by cities, the provisioning for water and sanitation is probably the most pressing one. From 2017 to 2018, the city of Cape Town in South Africa frequently made itself media headlines around the world, in many languages, for its severe water shortage due to consecutive years of drought that later resulted in a water crisis. Fortunately, the potential “Day Zero” when the city would run out of water, did not arrive. However, the crisis exposed a lack of resilience in the city’s water supply system in the face of ongoing climate change and a governance gap for climate adaptation. Many cities, especially those in the Global South, can learn from Cape Town’s experience and lessons on how to enhance governance to become more climate-resilient. Mark New and Gina Ziervogel, the interviewees, have been devoting themselves to studying about the Cape Town drought, and working on establishing the Cape Town Drought Response Learning Initiative. In this article, they analyzed the influence of climate change on Cape Town drought and the water supply system, and suggested effective methods to address and prevent the drought and water shortage. Ziervogel briefly described her adaptive and water-sensitive city framework while both of them revealed the role of Cape Town Drought Response Learning Initiative in making Cape Town more resilient.

Мовні засоби увиразнення заголовків у сучасних медіа

Мовні засоби увиразнення заголовків у сучасних медіа

Exploring the Adaptation of Artificial Intelligence in Whistleblowing Practice of the Internal Auditors in Malaysia

News of high-profile frauds and financial malpractices continue to make daily media headlines after the change of government in May 2018. Whether in the private or government sector, corruptions, financial misconduct and malpractices have always been associated with lack of proper auditing and ineffective internal control systems. Various initiatives have been developed to reduce the negative perception of public sector frauds including the implementation of whistleblowing practices in public sector. However, to date, it is still questionable whether this practice is efficient and effective due to the increasing trend in reported frauds in the government departments. Thus, this study examines the practice of whistleblowing in Malaysian public sector agencies. Total of 500 questionnaires are distributed to the internal auditors in public sector agencies. To achieve the objective of this study, the application of artificial intelligence in the practice of the whistleblowing will be examined to see the effectiveness of this practice. The findings are expected to enhance the new Malaysian government initiatives in fighting frauds and corruptions. The effect of whistleblowing practice will provide further evidence to strengthen the internal control system and practices and improve the public sector accountability and transparency.

Religion as sensation. The analysis of religious mass media headlines in the daily newspaper “Lietuvos rytas”

Mass media discourse has a strong impact on the public opinion about various religious communities. Needless to say, mass media’s content is created with news framing rules in a space, where all mass media channels are competing for audience attention. Headlines often become one of the most important part of the article, which not only attract readers’ attention and present the content of the article, but also, with the help of various rhetorical strategies and emotional words, strengthen certain representations of various religious communities. The analysis of 1990 – 2015 Lithuanian daily newspaper “Lietuvos rytas” headlines demonstrates that the headlines are more expressive than neutral. The percentage of negative rhetoric headlines has increased proportionally since 1990. Various rhetorical strategies were found in the analysed headlines: metaphors, irony, critique, assumptions, hyperbolization, subjectivity, and modality. There were also inaccurate and misleading headlines. The results enable to disclose the rule of news selectivity – most of the foreign news had negative rhetoric headlines. Roman Catholic community has double-sided portrait: it is shown as a part of Lithuania’s society, which creates a sense of belonging and contributes to a various social issues; and as a community with clergy who justify human sins. The headlines portraying other traditional or non-traditional religions communities highlight strategies that symbolize fear, threat and otherness of these communities.

Securing Confidence With Data Escrow

In the past several years, the general public has had concerns about hacking and identity theft. Headlines in news media include computer system breaches at popular and respected companies like Target and universities like The University of California at Berkeley.
 This paper explores options available for providing the general public with the benefits of the information age while mitigating against the security risks. We begin with a discussion of it is reasonable for the general public to expect organizations engaged primarily in commerce to provide for their cybersecurity. We then look at how electronic transactions are currently secured. We conclude with a consideration of the “protocols” or “institutions” that might provide for security for consumers.

Do You Really Know If It’s True? How Asking Users to Rate Stories Affects Belief in Fake News on Social Media

The rise of “fake news” has become a major concern for social media platforms. In response, Facebook has proposed and tested the idea of users flagging and rating news articles and sources, much akin to how consumers rate products and services on the Internet. One obvious challenge with this crowdsourced rating approach is whether the users really know enough to rate news articles and sources. Perhaps, a side benefit of asking users to evaluate an article—and asking about their personal experience with the event described in the article—is making them realize that they do not know enough about the event to make an accurate judgment, thus pushing them to become more skeptical. We asked 68 social media users to assess the believability of 42 social media headlines. We found that, while users were generally more likely to believe articles that agreed with their point of view, asking users to rate pushed them to think more critically about the truthfulness of the articles. Moreover, once users had been asked to rate some articles, they remained critical of other articles as well, even without the rating prompt. Overall, our findings suggest that asking users to evaluate the truthfulness of articles may not only produce rating information that can be a useful reference at a later point in time but also have an immediate benefit of alerting users to think more critically about all articles they see.

Vulnerability, risk, resilience: an introduction

Western media headlines have for several decades been warning about the multiple risks to social, economic and political stability triggered by a variety of events of potentially calamitous proport...

Enacting and resisting the politics of belonging through leisure. The debate about gender-segregated swimming sessions targeting Muslim women in Denmark

ABSTRACTIn 2016 women-only swimming sessions targeting Muslims made the headlines in the Danish media, precipitating great discussion about whether such sessions contributed to or impeded social integration. This article focuses on the debate in the city council of Aarhus concerning women-only swimming activities that had existed for 10 years and had been well attended. Yet, after a year of discussion, the city council voted for a municipality-wide ban on women-only swimming during public opening hours. The popularity and longevity of the sessions pose the question: Why and how has women-only swimming become a ‘problem’, in other words a leisure time physical activity that challenges current discourses on immigration and integration? The debate on women-only swimming is an interesting case to study as it testifies not only to an increasing focus on the civic integration of ethnic minorities, including their leisure practices, but also to strong resistance by the general public and the women affected. Drawing on a postcolonial feminist perspective, our analysis shows how perceptions of Danishness, gender equality and non-religious leisure become central arguments in the debate, pointing to various ways in which understandings of gender, sexuality, ethnicity, religion and nation intersect in the current restrictive politics of belonging.

Managing premature ovarian insufficiency

Practice nurses are often the first health professional a woman with premature ovarian insufficiency will see. Claire Bellone explains the condition and how it is managed Premature ovarian insufficiency was previously known as premature menopause or premature ovarian failure. These terms did not reflect the true presentation of menstrual irregularities, the young age at diagnosis, or the psychological impact on the woman herself. Periods may not have stopped indefinitely, pregnancy may still occur and, most importantly, she has not ‘failed’. A practice nurse may be the first encounter a woman has when she presents with amenorrhoea, so understanding her unique concerns and promptly identifying the underlying cause of menstrual changes is essential to improving her long-term physical and psychological health. Despite media headlines, recommending hormone therapy, whether it be hormone replacement therapy or the combined oral contraceptive, need not be the hardest decision the practice nurse has to make.

ЭТНИЧЕСКИЕ СТЕРЕОТИПЫ В АНГЛИЙСКОМ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОМ ДИСКУРСЕ

The article deals with the notion “ethnic stereotype” and its functioning in еру mass media political discourse. In the framework of cognitive linguistics, the stereotype is an element of the linguocultural worldview and is an integral part of the mechanisms of reality categorization. By the example of political texts headlines in the English-language media, the notions “auto- and heterostereotype” are revealed. Particular attention is paid to the headlines of the English-language media texts devoted to the image of Russia. Basing on the analyzed political articles, the reader can form the idea of the stereotype “contemporary Russia” being created by the English-language media at the present moment.

Could the outcome of the 2016 US elections have been predicted from past voting patterns?

Abstract. In South Africa, a team of analysts has for some years been using statistical techniques to predict election outcomes during election nights in South Africa. The prediction method involves using statistical clusters based on past voting patterns to predict final election outcomes, using a small number of released vote counts. With the US presidential elections in November 2016 hitting the global media headlines during the time period directly after successful predictions were done for the South African elections, the team decided to investigate adapting their meth-od to forecast the final outcome in the US elections. In particular, it was felt that the time zone differences between states would affect the time at which results are released and thereby provide a window of opportunity for doing election night prediction using only the early results from the eastern side of the US. Testing the method on the US presidential elections would have two advantages: it would determine whether the core methodology could be generalised, and whether it would work to include a stronger spatial element in the modelling, since the early results released would be spatially biased due to time zone differences. This paper presents a high-level view of the overall methodology and how it was adapted to predict the results of the US presidential elections. A discussion on the clustering of spatial units within the US is also provided and the spatial distribution of results together with the Electoral College prediction results from both a ‘test-run’ and the final 2016 presidential elections are given and analysed.

Beyond Airspace Safety: A Feminist Perspective on Drone Privacy Regulation

The impact of drones on women’s privacy has recently garnered sensational attention in media and popular discussions. Media headlines splash stories about drones spying on sunbathing or naked women and girls, drones being used to stalk women through public spaces, and drones delivering abortion pills to women who might otherwise lack access. Yet despite this popular attention, and the immense literature that has emerged analyzing the privacy implications of drone technology, questions about how the drone might enhance or undermine women’s privacy in particular have not yet been the subject of significant academic analysis. This paper contributes to the growing drone privacy literature by examining how the technology can be especially apt to impact women’s privacy. In particular, various features of the technology allow it to take advantage of the ways in which privacy protection has traditionally been - and in many cases continues to be - gendered. While the analytical focus is on the gendered privacy impacts of drone technology, the article and its conclusions are about more than women's privacy. Examining some of the differential impacts of the technology, and the laws that guide its use, helps to reveal broader inequities that can go unseen when we think about technology without social context. The paper ultimately argues that drone regulators cannot continue to treat the technology as though it is value-neutral - impacting all individuals in the same manner. Going forward, the social context in which drone technology is emerging must inform both drone-specific regulations, and how we approach privacy generally. This paper is framed as a starting point for a further discussion about how this can be done within the Canadian context and elsewhere.

Promoting Best Practice in Assessment and Intervention: The Challenges of Working in Times of Cutbacks and Change

Promoting Best Practice in Assessment and Intervention: The Challenges of Working in Times of Cutbacks and Change

Match-Fixing in Polish Football: Historical Perspectives and Sociological Interpretations

This paper addresses the massive scale of match-fixing in Polish football revealed by the corruption scandal which hit the headlines in the Polish media in 2005. Although more than a decade later the investigation is far from over, it is already clear that corruption was an everyday phenomenon ignored or purposely overlooked by bodies supervizing football competitions. The peculiarity of the Polish case stems from the fact that the match-fixing was not betting-related. The paper attempts to track the historical roots of corruption, paying particular attention to the period of communism (1945–1989) and the role of the Polish Football Association. Subsequently, several non-mutually exclusive sociological interpretations of the situation are discussed.

ПЕРИФРАЗИ В ЗАГОЛОВКАХ ТЕКСТІВ МАС-МЕДІА

The stylistic potential of periphrases in the headlines of media texts is analyzed. The relevance of the stated topic is due to the important role of the headline in media texts, its polyfunctional nature. The main functions of the headline, in particular: nominative, informative, expressive, advertising, manipulative – correspond to the basic functions of the media (information and influence on the audience). In accordance with these functions, the headline actualizes the expressive and evaluative features of the language, one of which is the periphrasis. Periphrastic constructions in the headlines reinforce the semantic coherence of the text, a positive or negative assessment, and emotion. The factual material illustrates the use of allusion periphrasis that creates secondary contextual nominations, and conveys the basic meaning of information in an expressive periphrastic form. The meaning of such transformed periphrastic constructions is revealed in the structure of the text, thereby attracting the recipient and encouraging him to read the media material. As the factual material shows, in the structure of media headlines, as a rule, the well-known periphrases are used with a special cultural connotation fixed in the consciousness of the society. It is also noted that transformed periphrases often represent an allusion to known cultural phenomena (historical events, the names of movies, fiction). In the work, it is noted that the periphrastic constructions, replacing the same denotation in the headline, subtitle, and main text, create an additional semantic coherence of the text. The analysis made it possible to determine that the periphrasis in the header of the media text also combines the structural components of the title and paragraphs, affects the architectonics of the entire media text, accumulating information important for the perception of the text. The study allows us to conclude that the periphrasis in the headline structure affects the emotive and logical levels of perception. On the basis of illustrations, it is shown that periphrases in headings are an effective tool for achieving the main goal of media texts – the impact on the recipient.

Remediating Destroyed Human Bodies: Contemporaneity and Habits of Online Visual Culture

Remediating Destroyed Human Bodies: Contemporaneity and Habits of Online Visual Culture

Employment insecurity, mental health and suicide.

With the economic crisis an increase in suicidality has been reported across Europe but especially in Greece. Τhese reports hit the mass media headlines and were also included in the debate among political parties. The literature suggests that during periods of deep economic crisis, there is an increase specifically in suicides but causality remains unclear. The prevailing picture both in the scientific literature and in the mass media is that the economic crisis acts as a more or less generic risk factor on the entire population putting at risk literally anybody. Two recent studies clearly dispute it by reporting that suicides had increased several months before unemployment increased. Additionally and specifically concerning Greece, where the economic crisis is deeper and more prolonged, the detailed inspection of age and gender specific rates are not in accord with a "male gender" by "unemployment" interaction. Taking into consideration the above and since the rise in suicides also affects prospering countries without high unemployment, including Germany and Norway, another possible explanation is that the changes in the socioeconomic environment and especially in the employment conditions have overstressed vulnerable populations (e.g. mental patients) leading to the increased suicide rates. The problem is that in the majority of the literature the economic crisis/austerity is considered to be a generic risk factor affecting the entire population and subsequently generic horizontal measures are proposed. Unfortunately patients at risk to commit suicide are not considered as such; instead they are rather considered as normal healthy people from the general population who respond with suicide to generic adverse events.

Foundation for a smoke-free world

The current and future health effects of smoking are well described. More than 7 million deaths per year are attributable to smoking, and projections suggest 1 billion deaths this century. 1 WHOWHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2017: monitoring tobacco use and prevention policies. World Health Organization, Geneva2017http://www.who.int/tobacco/global_report/en Google Scholar Over a decade ago, in my role to facilitate the establishment of WHO's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), I warned about the potential for complacency in the years following the FCTC's adoption. 2 Yach D Injecting greater urgency into global tobacco control. Tob Control. 2005; 14: 145-148 Crossref PubMed Scopus (12) Google Scholar We knew that implementation of the FCTC would take decades, and that it would be challenged from the outset by constrained funding, shifting priorities and political will, weak human and institutional capacity, and continuing opposition from the tobacco industry. Tobacco control: a Foundation too far?Tobacco smoking is the leading cause of preventable mortality worldwide and is responsible for more than 7 million deaths each year. In today's issue of The Lancet, we publish a Viewpoint describing the mission and goals of the recently established Foundation for a Smoke-Free World, funded by tobacco giant Philip Morris International. Led by former WHO executive director Derek Yach, the Foundation, whose aim is “to eliminate cigarette smoking worldwide”, will receive US$1 billion in funding over the next 12 years. Full-Text PDF Towards a smoke-free world? Philip Morris International's new Foundation is not credibleSmoking causes more than 7 million deaths each year1 and tobacco companies have known, since at least 1950, that their products are lethal and addictive. Now Philip Morris International (PMI) is committing nearly US$1 billion over 12 years to the Philip Morris Foundation for a Smoke-Free World that will “fund scientific research designed to eliminate the use of smoked tobacco around the globe”.2 In a Lancet Viewpoint in this issue, the Foundation's President Derek Yach argues it will support “an unswerving focus…to improve public health and human wellbeing”. Full-Text PDF Condemning industry attempts to subvert public policy for a tobacco-free worldThe World Heart Federation, alongside its partners in the Global Coalition for Circulatory Health, condemns outright the launch of the Foundation for a Smoke-Free World,1 which is a vehicle for the tobacco industry. Full-Text PDF Department of ErrorYach D. Foundation for a smoke-free world. Lancet 2017; 390: 1807–10—The third sentence of the second paragraph of this Viewpoint should have read “Nonetheless, the capacity of developing countries remains threatened by the growing health and financial burden associated with behavioural risk factors contributing to non-communicable diseases.” with a revised citation from Bollyky TJ, Templin T, Cohen M, Dieleman JL. Lower-income countries that face the most rapid shift in noncommunicable disease burden are also the least prepared. Full-Text PDF Nuclear war and public health: rebalancing priorities and global health leadershipRecently, the North Korean nuclear and missile crisis has gripped international media headlines.1 In the streets of Seoul, the vast majority of civilians remain remarkably calm, confident that this threat will pass like those of the past. Yet, complacency would not serve an excuse in the face of war by either intention or tragic miscalculation. By then, the silence of the global health community will likely be seen as an opportunity missed. Why does it remain silent? Perhaps the community feels out of its depth in an area of competence of the UN Security Council—surely they must know what they are doing? Full-Text PDF