Head Control Research Articles

Controller design for HDD benchmark problem using RNN-based reinforcement learning

With the rapid spread of the cloud server market, hard disks are required to achieve even higher speeds and capacities. To meet these demands, it is necessary to improve the accuracy of positioning control of the magnetic head that writes data to the disk. In this paper, we propose a controller designed by recurrent neural network based (RNN-based) reinforcement learning for the “Benchmark problem of designing a control system for a hard disk drive with two-stage actuators” and evaluate the performance of the RNN-based designed controller. We also propose a method to convert an RNN-based controller to a state-space linear controller, which guarantees stability and enables performance analysis. This contributes to eliminating the black box drawback of reinforcement learning. Performance verification on the benchmark problem shows that the 3σ value of the head position of the track pitch of the RNN-based controller shows an accuracy improvement of about 1.8-fold compared to the reference (example) controller. The sensitivity function of the RNN-based controller shows superior disturbance attenuation especially for the disturbance due to external vibration caused by air-cooling fan and other HDDs in a storage box. The article describes the structure of the proposed RNN-based controller and presents an evaluation of the benchmark results.

Gender Difference in Hand-eye Coordination in Young Adults-A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: The ability of the visual system to coordinate the information acquired from the eyes to control, and guide the hands in completing a task is known as hand-eye coordination. The typical hand-eye coordination involves the synergistic function of numerous sensorimotor systems, including the visual system, vestibular system, and proprioception, as well as the head, eye, and arm control systems. Aim: To investigate which gender is superior and efficient in learning hand-eye coordination using the mirror drawing task. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital, Mangalore, Karnataka, India from April 2020 to April 2021 involving a total of 90 young adults divided into two groups of 45 males (group A) and 45 females (group B). A mirror drawing task was given to each student with four trials and two minutes rest in between the trials. Subjects were expected to trace a shape, most typically a polygon while only seeing the upturned reflection of their hand in a mirror and staying within the confines of a double boundary using a mirror drawing test. The number of errors, time taken to complete the task, and efficiency index of each student was calculated manually using the efficiency index formula and compared between the two groups. Results: Total 90 participants were included with a mean age of 21.2 and 21.8 years for group A and group B, respectively. Group A (males) showed a greater efficiency index (5.52±2.29) when compared to group B (females) (4.61±1.77) (p-value0.039). The Spearman’s ratio of mean error and mean time was 0.575 in males and 0.483 in females. Conclusion: The males outperformed in efficiency index when compared to females in hand-eye coordination with repeated practice. The study concluded that males were having greater efficiency index and less number of errors and less time taken compared to females.

Проблемы криминалистической характеристики убийств, совершенных общеопасным способом

In this article, the authors consider the problem statements of criminalistic characteristics of murders committed by a generally dangerous method. The study uses the modern methodology of scientific research represented by historical, systems and comparative modeling methods. The aim of this study is the substantiation of elemental constituents of modern criminalistic characteristics of murders committed by a generally dangerous method, which is given in the context of understanding a criminalistic characteristic of a crime as a category of criminalistics. The authors note that the absence of special research of criminalistic characteristics of murders committed by a generally dangerous method cannot be balanced for the purposes of theory and practice by research dedicated to the criminalistic characteristics of domestic murder, assassination, ritualistic murder and other types of murder, and this should be taken into account when selecting the techniques for investigating murders committed by a generally dangerous method. Such murders constitute a small proportion in the general number of annually committed murders in Russia; nevertheless, they have a special criminological importance in view of the potentially high threat of infliction of harm to a considerable or even indefinite range of persons. In the authors' opinion, this is the reason why investigation of these cases is always under special control of heads of law enforcement departments and is always accompanied with external difficulties caused by the character of this act, and this fact foregrounds the elaboration of problem statements intermediating the creation of the corresponding specific criminalistic methodology. The authors note the difference between the approach of the concept of criminalistic characteristics of a crime and the approach of the concept of the mechanism of a crime, which lies in the fact that supporters of the former approach come to the mechanism of a crime as a dynamic system through investigation of interacting subjects, and supporters of the latter to the investigation of elements participating in one or another form of interaction through investigation of the system of interaction process. The scientific approach consisting in the denial of the necessity of the notion “criminalistic characteristics of a crime” as a category is criticized. As a result, a suggestion is made of typical criminalistic characteristics given in extremely methodological terms indicating general features of the mentioned category. The elements of criminalistic characteristics of murders committed by a generally dangerous method considered in this article allow the authors to define the characteristics as a system of scientifically grounded statements on the settings of committing a crime, method of its preparation, committing and concealing, mechanism of a crime, identity of the criminal and identity of the victim. These can give information about each of the elements and about the crime as a whole for a successful detection, investigation and prevention of this crime.

Diagnosis of Aromatic L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase (AADC) Deficiency via Epilepsy Gene Panel Screening in a Patient with Atypical Presentation

We describe an atypical presentation of a girl with aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency identified via a genetic testing program for children with epilepsy. At 21 months of age, she presented with poor head control, diffuse hypotonia, poor fixation, developmental delay, and dysphagia. She was lost to follow-up, then presented back at 3 years of age with staring spells and brief episodes of upward eye deviation. The diagnosis of unprovoked epilepsy allowed her to be included in a genetic testing program, which identified two heterozygous variants in the dopa decarboxylase (DCC) gene. Based on the genetic testing, plasma AADC enzyme activity and plasma 3-O-methyldopa results, a diagnosis of AADC deficiency was made when she was 4 years and 2 months of age. This case report shows that AADC deficiency can be the underlying diagnosis in patients with suspected epilepsy.

Management of Financial Administration in the General Bureau of Regional Secretariat North Sulawesi Province in the Digital Era

Regulation Government Number 12 of 2019 Concerning Management Regional Finance also mentions management finance area is whole activities that include planning and budgeting, implementation and administration, reporting and accountability, as well supervision finance area. The purpose of this research is to analyze and describe management administration finance at the General Bureau Regional Secretariat of North Sulawesi Province. The type of research used in this study is descriptive qualitative and the collection technique is by observation, interviews and documentation. Informants in this study are a) Head of the General Bureau Regional Secretariat of North Sulawesi Province, b) Head of Sub-Division of Accounting and Administration of Regional Assets of the General Bureau Regional Secretariat North Sulawesi Province, c) Head Field Planning, Control and Evaluation of Regional Development Bapeda of North Sulawesi Province, and d) Treasurer expenditure General Bureau Regional Secretariat North Sulawesi Province. In general, the results of this research are 1) The management of financial administration at the General Bureau of the Regional Secretariat of North Sulawesi Province has not been effective in accordance with Government Regulation Number 12 of 2019 Concerning Regional Financial Management, this is based on research results that it is known that out of 4 (four) aspects of management financial administration is only the reporting and accountability aspects that have been running effectively while the other 3 (three) aspects are a) Planning and budgeting, b) Implementation and administration , and c) Supervision has not been running effectively , 2) Inhibiting factors management of financial administration at the General Bureau of the Regional Secretariat of North Sulawesi Province are: a) Lack of knowledge of the Head of Finance and Verification Subdivision and lack of accuracy and thoroughness of TAPD b) Limited HR of the Regional Government Budget Team, namely from the North Sulawesi Province Regional Finance and Assets Agency and the North Sulawesi Provincial Bappeda, as well as limited human resources working at the North Sulawesi Provincial Inspectorate (PPUD and Auditor) c) Inadequate financial administration management facilities where the internet connection network system is weak in SIMDA North Sulawesi Province, d) The last inhibiting factor is the low performance of human resources, namely slowness in collecting worksheets , inaccuracy of spending treasurers and PPK, low time discipline of financial managers in issuance, SPD and SP2D finalization

Role of postoperative radiotherapy in resected adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck

PurposeAlthough postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) is demonstrably effective in local control of head and neck adenoid cystic carcinoma (HNACC), its application is controversial and the subset of patients who would benefit most from PORT is unknown. Herein, we analyzed the data of HNACC patients to clarify the role of PORT.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 187 patients with nonmetastatic HNACC who underwent surgical resection between 2005 and 2019. The study endpoints were locoregional failure-free survival (LRFFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Subgroup analysis and recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) were performed to identify patients most likely to benefit from PORT.ResultsWith a median follow-up of 84.7 months, the 5-year LRFFS, PFS, and OS were 70.0%, 52.6%, and 86.4%, respectively. Survival was significantly shorter in patients who experienced local failure than in those who did not (5-year OS: 88.1% vs. 80.5%, P = 0.001). The local failure rate was significantly lower in patients who underwent PORT (16.9% vs. 31.0%, P = 0.021), despite the high frequency of adverse factors. Especially, significant decreases in local failure and similar OS rates could be obtained after PORT among patients with positive margins, T2-4 stage disease, and minor salivary gland tumors. The RPA model for PFS categorized patients into four groups according to three prognostic factors (T-stage, location, and sex). The RPA model for LRFFS and OS suggested three groups based on two factors (T-stage, margin for LRFFS; T-stage, grade 3 for OS).ConclusionPORT could prevent dismal survival, while significantly reducing local failures in high-risk HNACC patients.

Age-Related Change of Head Control in Response to Postural Perturbations

<h3>Research Objectives</h3> To explore if older adults, particularly those over 75 years, have more zero-crossings to restore head stabilization than young adults after postural perturbations. <h3>Design</h3> Cross-sectional study. <h3>Setting</h3> Laboratory setting. <h3>Participants</h3> A convenient sample of 57 healthy participants without a current or past history of neck-related dysfunction, trauma, deformities, and uncontrolled balance issues were recruited. They were grouped by age: Young (18-30 yrs, age: 22.3±3.8), Young-Old (60-74 yrs, age: 67.2±3.8), and Old-Old (>75+ yrs, age: 81.1±5.3). <h3>Interventions</h3> Not applicable. <h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3> Accelerometers (Delsys) were attached on the forehead and C7 of participants as they experienced the unexpected platform translations (Neurocom). A total of six trials were performed in random order including three anterior and posterior perturbations. The linear head acceleration in the vertical, anteroposterior, and mediolateral axis were extracted. A custom Matlab code computed the resultant head acceleration, detected the head re-stabilization time of each trail, and determined the number of zero-crossings during the head re-stabilization of three axes. <h3>Results</h3> Significant less zero-crossings in the Young group were noted in the vertical (p = 0.011, η2 = 0.07) and AP (p = 0.030, η2 = 0.05) axes of posterior platform translation. Despite no statistical differences found in other conditions, a trend of increased zero-crossing with aging was suggested. The Old-Old group consistently showed the greatest number of zero-crossings across all the conditions. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Older adults appear to recruit a different head stabilization strategy in response to postural perturbations. The oldest age group (over 75 years) seems to show more vigorous neuromuscular control to restore the postural stabilization in the head-neck segment after the perturbation than the younger counterparts. <h3>Author(s) Disclosures</h3> Authors declared that none of us had relevant or material financial interests that relate to the research described in this research project.

Analysis of upper and lower limb movement in infants in response to optic flow - preliminary research

Introduction: optic flow is studied in many scientific areas such as automation, robotics, biomechanics and neuropsychology. People who are not visually impaired use this mechanism to move around, usually without realising its complexity. It consists of information provided by the sense of sight and analysed in the central nervous system about the speed and direction of a moving object and the direction and amplitude of the angular and linear components of one's body. However, little is known about how this mechanism develops in the young child.&#x0D; Objective: Observation of upper and lower limb movement in infants between 4 and 12 weeks. of age under the influence of optic flow stimulation as a stimulus. Development of an optimal test protocol and adaptation of the author's research station.&#x0D; Material and method: 16 infants aged from 4 to 12 weeks were initially invited to the study, of which 14 infants were finally included in the study group. The motor response test consisted of two stages. Stage I (static trial): the stimulus was a stationary black and white chessboard pattern; stage II (dynamic trial): the chessboard pattern moved toward the child at a speed of 0.17m/s. Cameras recorded the test in both stages.&#x0D; Results: the children showed increased limb movement under the influence of optical flow (test stage II: dynamic test) compared to stimulation with a fixed pattern (test stage I: static test).&#x0D; Conclusions: a response to dynamic versus static stimuli was observed in 11 of 14 children, but testing in one-month-olds is unreliable due to poor head control.

Effect of Education and Regular Examination on the Prevalence of Head Louse Infestations in Adana

The current study provides training to parents and teachers about pediculosis in schools in three villages in Adana to measure their knowledge level by conducting surveys and to determine the prevalence of pediculosis in these foci. Pre- and post-questionnaires including 30 questions about pediculosis were handed to parents and teachers. The answers were analyzed with the Pearson correlation analysis. Overall, 418 school pupils s were examined for lice. The results of the head louse control were analyzed by the chi-square test and t-test. We observed that the level of awareness increased in parents and teachers. Additionally, the gender of both teachers and parents was determined as the most important factor in increasing this awareness. Because of interventions for the control of head and lice, the prevalence of pediculosis decreased from 15.22% to 1.71%. It is very important that parents and teachers are aware of the health problems related to pediculosis, while regular combing of school children may be essential for the control of this common infestation.

Anticipatory head control mechanisms in response to impact perturbations: An investigation of club rugby players with and without a history of concussion injury

ObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to examine rugby players anticipatory and compensatory head control during predictable and unpredictable impact events. MethodsAn observational cross-sectional study design. Fifty-one (17_healthy 34_concussion) male rugby players were exposed to external predictable and unpredictable impact perturbations at mid-chest level. Surface EMG of the upper-trapezius (UT), splenius-capitis (Spl) and sternocleidomastoid (Scm) was recorded and analysed across three temporal epochs typical for anticipatory and compensatory postural control. Synchronized sagittal head-kinematics were measured from high-speed video (500 fps). Nonparametric tests were used to examine within and between group effects. ResultsAnticipatory head control was evident in predictable conditions, expressed by early posterior head displacement and activation of the Spl. Compared to unpredictable conditions, muscle amplitudes were significantly lower, as was head acceleration. Compared to Healthy, the Concussion athletes lacked early activation of the Spl, exhibited delayed anticipatory head adjustments and experienced higher head accelerations in predictable conditions. ConclusionRugby players with concussion injuries have significant deficits in cervical spinal motor control. The concussed motor control strategy leads to higher inertial head accelerations and delayed anticipatory head displacements. Effects may persist for two or more years following injury, which may indicate re-injury vulnerability in these athletes.

A Phase II Study of Nelfinavir plus Concurrent Chemoradiation for Advanced, HPV-Negative Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck

<h3>Purpose/Objective(s)</h3> Locoregional control of advanced HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinomas remains a challenge, with tumor hypoxia adversely affecting radiation efficacy and outcomes in patients treated with chemoradiation. Nelfinavir is a HIV protease inhibitor that has also shown promise as an anti-hypoxia agent, via decreasing tumor oxygen consumption. We conducted a single-arm, phase II study of Nelfinavir plus chemoradiation to assess whether Nelfinavir could improve locoregional control as a hypoxic radiosensitizer. <h3>Materials/Methods</h3> Patients with biopsy-proven AJCC v7 stage III or IV (excluding M1) HPV-negative squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx, or hypopharynx were eligible. Patients were treated with definitive chemo(bio)radiotherapy and received oral Nelfinavir (1250 mg twice a day), starting with a ‘lead-in' period of Nelfinavir for 10-14 days prior to initiation of chemoradiation, and continued during chemoradiation. PET/CT imaging to assess glucose metabolic activity (¹⁸F-FDG-PET) and hypoxia (¹⁸F-MISO or ¹⁸F-EF5) was obtained at baseline (prior to starting Nelfinavir), and again after Nelfinavir lead-in (prior to initiation of chemoradiation). The primary outcome was locoregional control, with secondary outcomes of distant metastasis-free survival, overall survival, and the effect of Nelfinavir on hypoxia and glucose metabolism as assessed via PET/CT. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 17 patients were enrolled with a median 2.72 year follow up. Patient characteristics are shown in Table 1. At most recent follow up, locoregional control was 76.5% (13/17 patients), with distant metastasis free survival of 70.6% (12/17 patients), and overall survival of 47.1% (8/17 patients). Three (17.6%) patients discontinued Nelfinavir due to toxicity, with elevated liver function tests in 2 (11.8%) and diarrhea in 1 (5.9%). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The addition of Nelfinavir to definitive chemoradiation shows promising locoregional control in HPV-negative locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. These results compare favorably to patients with identified hypoxic head and neck cancers treated with chemoradiation alone (38% locoregional control, TROG 98.02 trial, Rischin et al. JCO 2006). These results warrant further investigation in cancers where locoregional control with standard approaches remains a limiting factor.

EXPERIMENTAL IN HEAD TRACKING CONTROL OF A FOUR OMNI WHEELED MOBILE ROBOT SYSTEM

This article describes an experimental investigation into the head tracking and control of a four-wheeled Omni-Robot. This study described the control scheme of the omnidirectional mobile robot. Additionally, the kinematics of the mobile robot is presented., A mobile robot with four Omni wheels was also developed on real hardware to verify the controller architecture design. The robot system is modeled and then implemented with the Arduino Microcontroller. This robot has two rotary encoders for running on the x-axis and y-axis, respectively. The gyro sensor (MPU-6050) is placed in the robot's middle and tracks data obtained by yaw angle. MATLAB Simulink was used to find the PD controller based on manual adjustment. The control architecture was deployed to complete and run the experiment on the mobile robot to evaluate the outcomes. The experiment results show the robot's motion control improvement in various scenarios.

Comparison of vestibular ocular reflex and gross motor development in children with semicircular canal aplasia and hypoplasia.

To examine the effect of vestibular ocular reflex on gross motor development in children with semicircular canal aplasia and hypoplasia. Case series. Children with congenital hearing loss underwent temporal bone computed tomography to assess their inner ear morphology. In this study, we examined eight children with bilateral complete aplasia of semicircular canals and seven children with bilateral hypoplasia of semicircular canals. Their vestibular ocular reflex was assessed using a damped rotational chair test. Their gross motor development was assessed by examining their ages of acquisition of head control and independent walking. All eight children with semicircular canal aplasia were diagnosed as having CHARGE syndrome and five children were found to have CHD7 mutations. Cochlear morphological examination showed that cochlear hypoplasia type III was the most common in eight of 16 ears in children with semicircular canal aplasia. In semicircular canal hypoplasia, incomplete partition type II was found in seven of 14 ears. All eight children with semicircular canal aplasia showed no response in the damped rotational chair test. Even the three children followed up were unresponsive in all tests. In the group with semicircular canal hypoplasia, three children showed normal responses, one child showed no response, and three children showed poor responses. The mean age of acquisition of head control was 9.1±6.3 months and that of independent walking was 31±8.1 months in children with semicircular canal aplasia. The mean age of acquisition of head control was 6.0±2.8 months and that of independent walking was 19.9±4.9 months in children with semicircular canal hypoplasia. We found that children with semicircular canal aplasia have severe dysfunction of the vestibular ocular reflex, and vestibular sensory cells derived from the semicircular canal may not be present. Semicircular canal hypoplasia is associated with dysfunction of the vestibular ocular reflex, but vestibular sensory cells may be present, and rotary nystagmus develops with growth similar to that observed in normal children previously reported. Semicircular canal aplasia is associated with CHARGE syndrome, and affected children tended to have a slower gross motor development. It was suggested that the combination of visual impairment and mental retardation may delay the development of central-level integrated functions and may further delay motor development.

Effects of Visual Cue Deprivation Balance Training with Head Control on Balance Function and Fall Index in Older People

Effects of Visual Cue Deprivation Balance Training with Head Control on Balance Function and Fall Index in Older People

A sense of distance and movement characteristics of golfers tested without visual feedback of outcomes: Is a putt that feels subjectively good also physically good?

For motor tasks that require fine-tuning, such as adjusting the applied force according to the distance to the target, as required for driving and putting in golf, it is important to develop a high degree of sensitivity of one's movement-produced feedback. In previous research focusing on mental representation in golf, this ability to control distance has been called "a sense of distance". In particular, this study focused on three skills: motor control of the putter head, perception of the impact force, and prediction of the ball's travel distance. However, the relationship between the motor control of the putter head and the error of the outcome estimation is yet to be clarified. The purpose of the present study is two-fold: first, to clarify whether kinematic variation of putter head is correlated with error in estimating the outcome and, second, to quantitatively evaluate the performer's sensations of good and poor performance generated by the ball's impact, for a comparison of the kinematics and impact force of the putter head based on their assessment. Twelve professionals and 12 intermediate amateurs played two distance targets (at 2.4 and 4.8 m) without visual feedback of the outcomes. The kinematics of the putter head, impact force, final ball position, outcome estimation, and subjective assessment were measured. Our results show that the variability in the peak velocity was moderately correlated with the error of the outcome estimation in amateurs' 4.8-m putting task. In addition, amateurs estimated undershoots (overshoots) when they provided worse (better) evaluations. However, the amateurs' trials that were rated as better putts were actually overshoots. These results suggest that the subjectively "good putt" of amateurs was not physically good, and the amateurs putted hard to compensate for the risk of undershoots. However, no remarkable feature of the professional's sense of distance was found. This suggests that professional golfers' sensation is not significantly different from the outcomes that can be physically detected.

Accelerated Fractionation Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy Might Improve Loco-Regional Control of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Accelerated Fractionation Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy Might Improve Loco-Regional Control of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Onasemnogene Abeparvovec in Type 1 Spinal Muscular Atrophy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

One of the latest approved therapies for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is onasemnogene abeparvovec, which transduces motor neurons with the survival of motor neuron gene. The aim of this meta-analysis was to estimate the effect of onasemnogene abeparvovec on motor function in participants with type 1 SMA. Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were searched for studies published from inception to August 2022. Pre-post clinical trials and observational studies determining the effect of onasemnogene abeparvovec on the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders (CHOP-INTEND) score or motor milestones (i.e., head control, sit unassisted, feed orally, not use permanent ventilatory support, crawl, stand alone, and walk alone) in participants with type 1 SMA were included. Continuous outcomes (i.e., CHOP-INTEND score) were expressed as pre-post mean difference and 95% confidence interval (CI), while the proportion of participants who achieved >40, >50, and >58/60 points on the CHOP-INTEND and the achievement of the motor milestones were expressed as proportions and 95% CI. A random effects meta-analysis was conducted on each outcome, and the baseline CHOP-INTEND score was considered a covariate. Eleven studies were included in the systematic review, and four were included in the meta-analyses. Onasemnogene abeparvovec improved CHOP-INTEND scores by 11.06 (9.47 to 12.65) and 14.14 (12.42 to 15.86) points at 3 and 6 months postinfusion, respectively. Moreover, 87%, 51%, and 12% achieved CHOP-INTEND scores of >40, >50, and >58/60 points, respectively. However, this proportion increased to 100% in presymptomatic participants with greater baseline CHOP-INTEND. Motor milestones were also improved, especially in presymptomatic participants. Our systematic review not only showed a marked improvement in motor function in type 1 SMA but also showed that treatment in the presymptomatic stage improves the development of these children toward an evolution close to normal for their age.

Identification of Inflammation-Related Genes and Exploration of Regulatory Mechanisms in Patients with Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head.

Background Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a disabling orthopedic disease, which is impacted by infiltration of immune cells. Thus, the aim of the current research was to determine the inflammation-related biomarkers in ONFH. Methods GSE123568 dataset with control and steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) samples were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected by limma R package and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to explore the co-expression genes and modules. We obtained inflammation-related genes (IRGs) from the Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB). Then, the IRGs associated with SONFH (IRGs-SONFH) were screened out and analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) database, and hub genes were identified by the MCODE algorithm. Based on the hub genes, we constructed a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network. Results We identified 535 DEGs between control and SONFH samples. The WGCNA clearly indicated that the brown module was most significantly associated with SONFH. We identified 25 IRGs-SONFH through WGCNA module genes, DEGs and IRGs. A total of 4 hub genes (CD14, CYBB, NOD2, and TLR1) were identified by Cytoscape. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis determined that the expressions of the four genes could distinguish SONFH from controls as evidenced by the area under the curve (AUC) greater than 0.7. Finally, we constructed a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network which included 67 lncRNAs, 1 miRNA (hsa-miR-320a), and 1 mRNA (NOD2). Conclusions Our study identified 4 hub genes as potential inflammation-related biomarkers of SONFH. Moreover, we proposed a ceRNA network of lncRNAs targeting hsa-miR-320a, hsa-miR-320a, and NOD2 as a potential RNA regulatory pathway that controls disease progression in ONFH.

Physiotherapy interventions for head and trunk control in children with developmental disabilities: A scoping review protocol.

Background: Head and trunk control is prerequisite skill that maximizes engagement and participation in one's environment by integrating vision, oromotor skill, arm control and respiration. Various physiotherapy and technology-based interventions have been utilized to facilitate head and trunk control in children with developmental disabilities. This scoping review is planned to map and summarize existing studies from the scientific literature on physiotherapy and technology-based interventions for head and trunk control in children with developmental disabilities. Methods: The scoping review will utilize the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology. The review will cover studies including children and adolescents aged between two years and 17 years 11 months 29 days, with developmental disabilities where in child finds difficulty aligning head and trunk in sitting position, against gravity, for more than a minute. We will include randomized controlled trial (RCT), non-RCT, quasi-experimental trial, and systematic reviews that have employed physiotherapy and technology-based interventions. Database-specific search strategy will be used to search records in Medline (PubMed and Web of Science), Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, PEDro, and Cochrane Library. Additionally, various grey literatures and clinical-trial registries will be searched. Two reviewers, independently, will screen and extract the data. Tables and visual representations will be utilized to present the extracted data. Registration details: The protocol has been registered in Open Science Framework, DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/B3RSU (22 nd August 2022).

Quality-of-Life Evaluation of Patients with Unresectable Locally Advanced or Locally Recurrent Head and Neck Carcinoma Treated with Head and Neck Photoimmunotherapy.

Simple SummaryHead and neck photoimmunotherapy (HN-PIT) is a new treatment developed for local control of head and neck carcinoma. This study assessed the quality of life (QOL) of nine patients with unresectable locally advanced or locally recurrent head and neck carcinoma (LA/LR-HNC) treated with HN-PIT. QOL was compared before and 4 weeks after HN-PIT. There were no significant changes in all the QOL assessment parameters after treatment with HN-PIT. For patients with unresectable LA/LR-HNC, HN-PIT provided good local control without decreasing the QOL.Head and neck photoimmunotherapy (HN-PIT), a new treatment developed for local control of head and neck carcinoma, uses cetuximab sarotalocan sodium with a laser system to specifically destroy only tumor cells. No studies have examined the impact of HN-PIT on the quality of life (QOL) of patients with head and neck cancer. This study assessed the QOL of patients with unresectable locally advanced or locally recurrent head and neck carcinoma (LA/LR-HNC) treated with HN-PIT. Nine eligible patients with unresectable LA/LR-HNC who underwent HN-PIT at our institution between 20 January 2021 and 30 April 2022 were included in the study. They completed a QOL evaluation form. The primary endpoint was QOL assessment. The secondary endpoints were overall response rate, overall survival (OS), progression-free survival, and adverse events. QOL was compared before and 4 weeks after HN-PIT. There were no significant changes in all QOL assessment parameters after treatment with HN-PIT. The overall response rate was 89%, and safety was acceptable. For patients with unresectable LA/LR-HNC, HN-PIT provided good local control without decreasing the QOL. The addition of HN-PIT to conventional head and neck carcinoma treatment may lead to the prolongation of OS in head and neck carcinoma.