Head Selection Research Articles

Politik Kekerabatan dalam Pemilihan Kepala Desa di Desa Dolog Huluan Kabupaten Simalungun

Kinship politics is a political strategy that uses family relationships and kinship ties to establish power and strengthen political positions. The kinship in question includes family members, blood relations, marriage relations and extensions such as tribe and clan. This research focuses on the role of kinship in the election of village heads in Dolog Huluan Village. This research uses a qualitative research method with a qualitative descriptive approach which aims to collect, analyze and interpret data in the form of words, actions or symbols in the form of narratives, interviews, observations or documents to produce in-depth knowledge and understanding regarding the role of kinship in the election of heads. village. It is hoped that this research can provide awareness to the public that kinship politics has a negative influence even though in the end kinship politics is valid and acceptable. The results of the analysis reveal that in Dolog Huluan Village there is still kinship politics that occurs during the election of the village head, which essentially has a huge influence on the clan.

Intrusion detection in machine learning based E-shaped structure with algorithms, strategies and applications in wireless sensor networks

In the everyday world of computer applications, from the cloud to the Internet of Things, distributed sensor networks are essential (IoT). These computer application devices are often connected to Arduino network connection and microcontrollers such sensors and actuators. Thus, a defensive network with an IDS serves as the need for contemporary networks. The intrusion detection system has unavoidably evolved throughout the years, but despite this, it remains a difficult study topic since the current intrusion detection system uses signature-based approaches rather than anomaly detection. Therefore, improving the current intrusion detection system is challenging since it is difficult to find zero-day attacks in IoT networks when dealing with varied data sources. Filtered Deep Learning Model for Intrusion Detection with a Data Communication Approach is presented in this study. The five steps that make up the suggested model are Initialization of Sensor Networks, Cluster Formation and Head Selection, Connectivity, Attack Detection, and Data Broker. It was discovered that the suggested model for intrusion detection outperformed both the current Deep Learning Neural Net and Artificial Neural Network. In comparison to the most popular algorithms, experimental findings revealed a superior result of 96.12 % accuracy. The E-shaped patch antenna is a brand-new single-patch wide-band microstrip antenna that is presented in this research. A microstrip antenna's patch has two parallel slots built into it to increase its bandwidth. Investigating the behaviour of the currents on the patch allows for the exploration of the wide-band mechanism. A broad bandwidth is achieved by optimising the slot's length, breadth, and location. Finally, a 40.3 % E-shaped patch antenna is developed, made, and tested to resonate at 7.5 and 8.5 GHz for wireless communications. Additionally displayed are the reflection coefficient, VSWR, radiation pattern and directivity.

Local Governments’ Head Election in Indonesia: A Proposal for Asymmetric Model

Indonesia has experienced the dynamics of the law on the local governments' head elections. Various mechanisms have been implemented to obtain the ideal model for filling executive positions at the local level. Unfortunately, the government efforts have yet to deliver optimal results. The irregularity of the legal dynamics also eventually caused various Government instability to corruption, post-electoral conflicts, and the high number of disputes over the local election results to the Constitutional Court is evidence of the imperfection of the mechanism adopted by the government. Furthermore, the costs that must be allocated to organize an election are quite high, which is different from the local election results. Moreover, the long process with the tendency of forced candidates produced corrupt and incompetent leaders. Sharing partnerships between the head and deputy of the local government became another problem that is quite a concern in implementing local elections in Indonesia. Thus, this paper examines the ideal model of the head of local government elections in Indonesia. This research focuses on the dynamics of the legislation and regulation on the head of local government elections in Indonesia. The research method applied is normative juridical legal research. The data collection technique employed is the study of documents and literature on secondary data in the form of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. As a result, this study concludes that the ideal model for filling the position of the local head in Indonesia is an asymmetrical– compromise.

A Hybrid Deep Learning Model Using CNN and K-Mean Clustering for Energy Efficient Modelling in Mobile EdgeIoT

In mobile edge computing (MEC), it is difficult to recognise an optimum solution that can perform in limited energy by selecting the best communication path and components. This research proposed a hybrid model for energy-efficient cluster formation and a head selection (E-CFSA) algorithm based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and a modified k-mean clustering (MKM) method for MEC. We utilised a CNN to determine the best-transferring strategy and the most efficient partitioning of a specific task. The MKM method has more than one cluster head in each cluster to lead. It also reduces the number of reclustering cycles, which helps to overcome the energy consumption and delay during the reclustering process. The proposed model determines a training dataset by covering all the aspects of cost function calculation. This training dataset helps to train the model, which allows for efficient decision-making in optimum energy usage. In MEC, clusters have a dynamic nature and frequently change their location. Sometimes, this creates hurdles for the clusters to form a cluster head and, finally, abandons the cluster. The selected cluster heads must be recognised correctly and applied to maintain and supervise the clusters. The proposed pairing of the modified k-means method with a CNN fulfils this objective. The proposed method, existing weighted clustering algorithm (WCA), and agent-based secure enhanced performance approach (AB-SEP) are tested over the network dataset. The findings of our experiment demonstrate that the proposed hybrid model is promising in aspects of CD energy consumption, overhead, packet loss rate, packet delivery ratio, and throughput compared to existing approaches.

TEEECH: Three-Tier Extended Energy Efficient Clustering Hierarchy Protocol for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network

The energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is a significant challenge. A clustering-based approach is an energy-saving approach in WSN. The practical clustering approach divides the network into various clusters that directly affect the total energy consumption and reduce the network lifetime of the WSN. As a result, this paper introduces novel energy-efficient clustering approaches for cluster head (CH) selection and cluster formulation. The cluster head (CH) selection is designed based on the threshold-based advanced LEACH (ADV-LEACH2) approach. The cluster formulation (sensor node distribution) among the cluster heads is done with modified fuzzy c-mean (MFCM) approaches. The clusters are formed using the MFCM approach, and cluster heads (CHs) are selected using ADV-LEACH2. The cluster formulation and head selection are selected at the beginning of each round. The MFCM approach forms balanced clusters and balances sensor node distribution among the cluster heads. The proposed approach maintains the cluster head energy. The experimental simulation outcome justifies that the proposed approach, TEEECH surpasses the existing clustering approach by an average of 13%. The comparison with DEC, SEP-E, EBCS, MEDDEEC, and EDDEEC presents the TEEECH approach to maintain the CH energy and prolong the network lifetime. The proposed approach, TEEECH, also significantly improves the network stability and lifetime based on Half node dead (HND).

A Multi-Objective Clustering for Better Data Management in Connected Environment

Over the past decade, the rapid increase in connected devices has enabled the emergence of new digital ecosystems to provide new opportunities for monitoring and managing systems to optimize overall performance. With these connected environments, data collection and management become increasingly challenging. A significant number of works in the literature have addressed data collection and management based on different contexts (e.g., mobile ad hoc, Peer-2-Peer, and IoT networks). Today, a wired network uses all of these protocols simultaneously, thus highlighting the need to build a standard data collection and management framework that considers all potential user preferences. For this purpose, multi-objective clustering has been utilized as a promising solution to ensure the stability of connected devices during the collection and management of data. In this paper, we introduce a new multi-objective clustering (MOC) technique based on various criteria for cluster construction and head selection in connected environments. More precisely, the proposed solution is based hypergraphs to represent the connected environment and clusters according to similarities between heterogeneous devices. Then, a cross-sectional hypergraph algorithm is applied to select the cluster heads. Experiments conducted show that our solution outperforms the pioneering literature methods in terms of performance and effectiveness.

Data Collection Method of Energy Adaptive Distributed Wireless Sensor Networks Based on UAV

In sensor networks, UAVs are often introduced to assist data collection tasks. UAVs can operate as data ferry nodes, connecting distributed areas that are separated from each other. This paper proposes a data collection method for distributed wireless sensor networks based on UAV and introduces the idea of edge computing in it. In the single-hop transmission scenario, the K -means++ clustering method is used for sensor node clustering and cluster head election in the initial state. In the next rounds of data collection, UAV is used to assist in the election of new cluster heads and data collection tasks, taking into account the relative distance and the relative remaining energy relationship of the sensor nodes in their clusters. In addition, reasonable priorities are set for some nodes that have never been elected in the previous rounds and for the dead nodes. In the multihop transmission scenarios, for nodes that cannot deliver directly, the optimal relay node is selected for routing by comprehensively considering factors such as transmission angle, transmission distance, and remaining energy of the node in each cluster. The method proposed in this paper coordinates the overall energy consumption of sensor nodes in the environmental monitoring area, delays the death time of key sensor nodes, and extends the network lifetime. At the same time, an improved ACO is used to reasonably plan the data collection path of the UAV. Compared with the comparison scheme, the improved ACO can obtain a better shortest path length and has the fastest convergence speed when reaching the shortest path.

Development and Performance Evaluation of a New Energy-Efficient Double Cluster-Head Routing (EEDCR) Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Utilization of energy and the lifetime increment are the big issues in designing of routing algorithms for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Many routing algorithms have been developed by various researchers to achieve energy efficiency and to improve the lifetime of the network. But, the way to route the information from the sensor node (SN) to the base station (BS) and vice versa is an important issue, because of resource constraints. In this paper, we have proposed a low energy consumed, cluster-based routing protocol named an energy-efficient and double cluster-head routing (EEDCR) protocol, to increase the network lifetime and minimize the end-to-end delay. Selection of the cluster head (CH) is depending on random selection method, energy method, the total number of nodes, and its energy level. The performances of developed protocol were assessed using simulations and found that it provides successful outcomes in terms of energy-efficient and lifetime increment in routing for WSNs.

Adaptive Clustering Algorithm for IIoT Based Mobile Opportunistic Networks

The clustering algorithms play a crucial role for energy saving solutions in mobile opportunistic networks. If the selection of cluster head is made appropriately, then the energy can be consumed optimally. The existing clustering algorithms do not consider the optimal selection of the cluster head resulting in low survival rates and high energy consumption rates in nodes. The adaptive clustering is required in Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) based sophisticated networks where seamless connectivity is imperative for rapid communication. In order to meet this research gap, an adaptive clustering algorithm for mobile opportunistic networks is proposed within military bases that uses a heuristic algorithm (GA) for adaptive clustering. An analysis of the opportunity network at the connected military base is carried out and the mobile opportunity model is constructed using the adaptive clustering for the similar traffic. In a mobile machine network, the next hop node is determined by the node clustering principle. A LEACH clustering protocol enables communication between cluster heads and base stations based on single-hop and multihop cluster nodes. In order to perform adaptive clustering of mobile network nodes based on network partitioning and scheduling of clusters, genetic algorithms are used. The proposed approach can be applied to the IIoT systems in places where adaptive clustering is required to optimize energy consumption, to reduce latency rates, and to enhance the throughput of mobile networks. The experimental findings suggest that the proposed adaptive strategy is capable of optimizing energy consumption rates, reducing network latency, and boosting efficiency by increasing throughput in mobile opportunistic networks.

Demokrasi dan Pemilu Kepala Daerah

Telescoped Indonesian democracy with the election of regional heads lenses are not adequate. Democracy will be up and flying, when the pillars; power system, system of government, political system, and other powerful systems and stake. If the stake was false pillar, pretending to be just as if, then even this democracy only 'Mastur stale'; as though and pretended firm, ostensibly strong, but weak and limp.The most important issue in the election of regional heads or even any election is how far the effectiveness of the election itself. So far the election is generally less effective. Voters and the candidates chosen to satisfy lust is merely political, to be a winner. All realized, including the election, when in the course of five years. Let alone the concept to advance the region, even gave the concept to themselves as the regional head did not recognize. Eventually bring the area and positioned himself on a targeted orientation (disorientation)

KESADARAN POLITIK MASYARAKAT DALAM PEMILIHAN KEPALA DESA DI DESA EELAHAJI KECAMATAN KULISUSU KABUPATEN BUTON UTARA PADA TAHUN 2017

The purpose of this research is to identify and know how the political awareness of the community in the Election of Eelahaji Village Head in 2017. This research uses qualitative method, with data obtained from observations, interviews, and field documentation where informants are determined purposive sampling and using interactive data analysis methods by Miles and Huberman.The results showed that in terms of people's knowledge of Eelahaji village voters about politics, they tended to be enthusiastic to participate in the election of the village head but only follow other communities and didn’t know the importance of politics and rules in organizing elections. In terms of understanding politics, the results showed a low understanding of the electorate about politics due to the lack of willingness of the people themselves to know politics further and the lack of role of local government in providing education about politics. In terms of attitudes towards political phenomena, research shows the tendency of people to continue to accept the practice of Political Money and even view the phenomenon as commonplace and not a serious problem. Meanwhile, in terms of behavior patterns, Eelahaji villagers tend to obey all government directives. In addition, there’s also a polarizing phenomenon among the people of Eelahaji Village during the election

Perancangan E-Voting pemilihan Kepala Desa untuk Transparansi Informasi di Kecamatan Lueng Bata Kota Banda Aceh

The Village Government (geuchik), has a very important role in regulating and managing the interests of the community both in the village government and in the form of village head elections. Therefore, to create a clean and transparent village government in the election of the village head, in this study I will create an E-Voting program in the election of the village head. However, as time goes on and based on facts on the ground, what has been done so far, there are still many shortcomings and problems in data validation and the lack of knowledge and a high level of public emotionality in winning one candidate for village head, thus triggering conflict between residents, on the other hand the electoral system Conventionally, village heads can also be indicated as cheating. In an effort to avoid fraud in the village head election (Geuchik), an idea or idea is needed in the form of using technology based on the E-voting website and can be run using a computer or laptop device that has the E-Voting application installed so that it can be done transparently, effectively, efficient and professional that is expected in the election of the Village Head, in supporting E-Government in this study will be carried out in the Batoh Village (Gampong), Luengbata sub- district, Banda Aceh City.

BAWASLU Budgeting Mechanism on The Election of Regional Chiefs: Case Study of South Sulawesi

The previous Pilkada, in terms of funding, the election of the regional head (Pilkada) was faced with two crucial things. First, holding regional elections budget. The second is the number of funds. The permit issued by the local government for the Pilkada itself will affect the area's fiscal space and development plans. The cost of holding the Pilkada comes from GDP, but the amount of the budget approved by the regional government varies depending on the financial capacity of each region. The first stage is the budget preparation stage in the budget cycle, which includes budget submissions from each section or department. The second stage is the budget approval stage. After the budget is ratified as law, all departments enter the budget implementation stage. The implementation of the budget must be accompanied by supervision to ensure that according to predetermined plans. The last stage is ratifying the budget calculation. The mechanism for managing the regional head election grants budget follows the laws and regulations regarding disbursement to reporting. However, from the results of the researcher's search, it was found that there are still things that need to be considered, especially in terms of financial transparency.

Perilaku Pemilih Warga Desa Golongan Muda dan Golongan Tua dalam Pemilihan Kepala Desa

This study aimed to analyze the portrait, shape, and strengthening of the voting behavior of villagers and the political education of young and old villagers in the election of village heads. This study used a case study qualitative approach with observation, interviews, and documentation as data collection techniques. The results showed that the portrait of villager voting behavior in the village head election was seen through the use of voting rights, material and physical support, and participation in village deliberations. The form of the voting behavior of villagers in the village head election is included in the categories of novice voters, sawing voters, floating masses, and permanent voters. Strengthening the voting behavior of villagers in the election of village heads was carried out through socialization carried out by village officials, contestants, volunteers, churches, and the committee of the voting group. The political education of young villagers in the election of village heads was obtained from various online media, while the older group received political education from print media.

Urgensi Realisasi Badan Peradilan Pilkada Untuk Menciptakan Sistem Penyelesaian Sengketa Hasil Pilkada Yang Efektif dan Konstitusional

Election of regional heads (pilkada) simultaneously is one of the democratic parties in the regional autonomy regime that has been going on since 2015. In the implementation of the elections there is certainly the possibility of disputes over the results of the elections. During this time the dispute resolution over the results of the elections carried out by the Constitutional Court. From 2008 to 2019, 982 disputes over the results of the elections were handled by the Constitutional Court. However, based on Decision of the Constitutional Court No. 97/PUU-XI/2013 stated that the addition of the authority of the Constitutional Court to adjudicate disputes over the results of local elections is an unconstitutional act. Then in Law No. 8 of 2015 concerning Pemilukada in Article 157 stipulates that the resolution of disputes over the results of the elections will be carried out by a special judicial body. In the law stated that the special judicial body was formed before the simultaneous election. Until now the special judicial body has never been realized even though the simultaneous local election has been rolling for 5 years. In this paper, we will discuss the urgency of establishing a special judiciary as an institution for the resolution of regional election disputes as determined by the Constitutional Court and the General Election Law. The method used in this study is the juridical method normative with the statutory approach and conceptual approach.

Euforia Pemilu Legislatif, Pilpres Dan Pemilukada Serentak Di Indonesia

Euphoria of the Legislative Election, Presidential Election and Regional Head Election Simultaneously in Indonesia. Since the collapse of the New Order government in 1998, the enthusiasm of the Indonesian people in welcoming the atmosphere of the birth of the first democratic system by holding direct elections has been great. Through direct elections at that time began the election of the president and vice president elected by the people for the first time. The direct election by the people also applies to elections at the regional level which include the election of regional heads. Meanwhile, in the course of history, legislative elections have been held long before starting in 1955, so that it is recorded that legislative elections have been held 12 (twelve) times since they were held for the first time until their implementation in 2019. Along the way, the legislative, presidential and post-conflict local elections showed high enthusiasm in facing various challenges in each election period. So that the Indonesian people continue to learn from history and improve all deficiencies which then produce maturity in democracy. By reviewing the literature, this paper tries to review events related to the spirit or euphoria of the election.

Lifetime Maximization of Heterogeneous WSN Using Fuzzy-based Clustering

Background: Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is an arising field for research and development. It has various applications ranging from environmental monitoring to battlefield surveillance and more. WSN is a collection of multiple sensor nodes used for sensing the environment. But these sensing nodes are deployed in such areas where it is not that easy to reach, so battery used in these nodes becomes quite impossible to change, so we need to utilize this energy to get the maximum sensing for a long time. Objective: To use the Fuzzy approach in the clustering algorithm. Clustering is a key approach to prolong the network lifetime with minimum energy utilization. In this paper, our main concern is on the Cluster Head (CH) selection. So, we are proposing a clustering algorithm which is based on some of the attributes: Average Residual Energy of CHs, Average Distance from nodes to CHs, Standard Deviation of member nodes, and Average Distance from CH to Base Station(BS). Methods: Initially, some of the nodes are found having greater residual energy than the average network energy, and fifteen populations are made each having an optimum number of CHs. The final and best CHs set is chosen by determining the maximum fitness value using a fuzzy approach. Result: The result positively supports the energy-efficient utilization with lifetime maximization, which is compared with the Base algorithm [1] and LEACH [2] protocol based on residual energy and the number of nodes that die after performing some rounds. Conclusion: The proposed algorithm determines a fuzzy-based fitness value, provides load-balancing among all the networking nodes, and performs a selection of best Cluster Heads, resulting in prolonged network lifetime and maximized efficiency.

An Improved Vanet Clustering and Channel Quality using Movc and Weighted Probability

VANET offers a vast range of application which will make travel experience safe. The concept behind VANET is quite simple which incorporates wireless communication and capable of sharing data; the vehicles are turned for offering network to provide services which can be used in the home or office networks. VANET network nodes are move in-network with higher velocity in the network. This higher mobility of vehicles causes increased resource and energy utilization which causes failure of nodes. Resource and energy consumption is higher for inefficient constructed clustering for VANET. Also, vehicle mobility causes several obstacles in data transmission this causes degraded channel quality. data transmission this causes degraded channel quality. In this paper concentrated on improving channel quality and energy efficiency in the network. Initially, performed efficient clustering through middle-order based cluster head (CH) election (MOVC) mechanism. Through effective CH election resource and energy utilization is limited. In the next stage, channel quality is improved by the proposed weighted probability approach for effective data transmission between vehicles in the VANET network. The weighted probability approach estimates the path for data transmission to destination vehicle. Through the selection of CHs using the middle-order approach, the network exhibits an effective maintenance phase here, the weighted probability is applied for the estimation of the path for effective data transmission in the VANET. The comparative analysis of the proposed approach exhibits significant performance rather than conventional technique. The estimated residual energy of the proposed approach is almost 20% higher than ACO, PSO, and KH. The packet delivery rate is observed around 80% and delay is minimal as of 2.5sec.

The Role of Women Village Heads in Decision Making Process in Lembung Timur Village

The election of a female village head in Lembung Timur is part of the maturity of the village community of Lembung Timur in seeing the meaning of gender equality in village leadership concerning leadership, especially in the decision-making process. Is it true that the appearance of a female village head to lead the village will be part of the better or more effective village leadership, which will lead to the decision-making process? This study aims to describe the role of female village heads in the decision-making process in Lembung Timur village, Lenteng district. The research method uses descriptive qualitative methods by utilizing qualitative data with descriptive elaboration. This study shows that, mainly in the decision-making process, Mrs. Faizah, as the village head in carrying out her role (manifest function), is only limited to the data collection stage. It can be said that Faizah has carried out her manifest function effectively because, from each stage of the decision-making process, she was done independently. The constraints faced are the lack of ability and experience and the occurrence of gender bias. Qualitatively, this study shows that the latent role or function of women's leadership in decision-making is not practical because the latent function performed in each decision-making process is played by Faizah's parents, namely Mr. Abdul Latif. Therefore, it is needed relating to the ability, skill, courage in playing the latent function for female village heads to break the hegemony of decision-making control by Mrs. Faizah's parents.

A Local Computing Cell and 6T SRAM-Based Computing-in-Memory Macro With 8-b MAC Operation for Edge AI Chips

This article presents a computing-in-memory (CIM) structure aimed at improving the energy efficiency of edge devices running multi-bit multiply-and-accumulate (MAC) operations. The proposed scheme includes a 6T SRAM-based CIM (SRAM-CIM) macro capable of: 1) weight-bitwise MAC (WbwMAC) operations to expand the sensing margin and improve the readout accuracy for high-precision MAC operations; 2) a compact 6T local computing cell to perform multiplication with suppressed sensitivity to process variation; 3) an algorithm-adaptive low MAC-aware readout scheme to improve energy efficiency; 4) a bitline header selection scheme to enlarge signal margin; and 5) a small-offset margin-enhanced sense amplifier for robust read operations against process variation. A fabricated 28-nm 64-kb SRAM-CIM macro achieved access times of 4.1-8.4 ns with energy efficiency of 11.5-68.4 TOPS/W, while performing MAC operations with 4- or 8-b input and weight precision.