Head Section Research Articles

A Comparative Study of the Leukocyte Formula of the Peripheral Blood, Head Kidney and Spleen of the Bream Abramis brama (Cyprinidae) in the Middle Volga Reservoirs

A comparative study of the leukocyte formula of peripheral blood, the head section of the kidney and spleen of the bream Abramis brama, inhabiting the reservoirs of the Middle Volga (Kuibyshev, Cheboksary and Gorky), was carried out. In the studied fish, a predominance of lymphocytes and a low content of neutrophils were recorded in the peripheral blood and spleen. In the head kidney of the breams from the Kuibyshev Reservoir, a significantly high level of blast forms of cells and a low level of neutrophils were noted, and in individuals from the Gorky Reservoir, a low content of monocytes and the absence of eosinophils were noted compared to fish from other reservoirs.

A Portable Wireless Head Movement Controlled Human-Computer Interface for People with Disabilities

Abstract: This paper describes about an economical head operated computer mouse for people with disabilities. It focuses on the invention of a head operated computer mouse that employs one tilt sensor placed in the helmet to determine head position and to function as simple head-operated computer mouse. The system uses accelerometer based tilt sensor to detect the user's head tilt in order to direct the mouse movement on the computer screen. Clicking of mouse is activated by the user's eye brow movement through a sensor. The keyboard function is designed to allow the user to scroll letters with head tilt and with eye brow movement as the selection mechanism. Voice recognition section is also present in the head section to identify the small letters which are pronounced by the paralyzed user. This system was invented to assist people with disabilities to live an independent professional life.

Outcome of Medical Induction of Labour in Postdated Pregnancy

Background: WHO and the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics recognise the words "post maturity," "post term," "postdate," and "prolongedpregnancy" to describe pregnancies that continue beyond their intended end points (expected date of delivery). As much as 10% of pregnancies become more complicated due to a pregnancy that lasts longer than expected, and this poses risks to both the mother and the unborn child. Objective: To study of medical induction of labour in post-dated pregnancy. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Abdul Malek Ukil Medical College, Noakhali, Bangladesh from January to June 2022. 100 patients included in our study. Labour induction in post-dated pregnancy was performed only after appropriate assessment of the mother and foetus. The inclusion criteria were intact membrane, cephalic presentation, singleton pregnancies, low Bishop score in post-dated pregnancies. Absolute contraindications to induction of labour include contracted pelvis, placenta previa, unexplained vaginal bleeding, presentation other than head and previous caesarean section were excluded from the study. This study shows that the main method was oxytocin drip and second method was ARM+oxytocin in drip, some cases induced by using oral prostaglandin and very few cases induced by intra cervical prostaglandin. Results: During the study 21-31 years age group, 60%. 42% were in oxytocin drip followed by 38% were in ARM + Oxytocin drip, 14% were in misoprostol in oxytocin drip 30% were failed cases followed by in ARM + Oxytocin drip it was 25%, in misoprostol it was 14%. Majority had Spontaneous vaginal delivery followed by 15% had Delivery by Caesarean section and 10% had Delivery with the aid of Forceps. 13% had foetal distress and 5% had unfavorable cervix. 75% were healthy baby and 20% were distress baby. Conclusion: Successful birth outcomes are strongly correlated with labor starting at the optimal time. An accurate diagnosis of postdatism is crucial. Mothers' worries and issues related to postdatism may be reduced with the help of sound guidance and close observation from healthcare providers. Due to technical constraints in foetal monitoring and oxytocin titration, caesarean section is often used to terminate most post-dated pregnancies in various hospitals throughout the nation. When a mature cervix and optimal fetal presentation are present, inducing labor seems to be safe for both the woman and the baby.

Assessment of Available Water and Crop Water Requirements of Major Crops in Nagarjuna Sagar Right Canal Command Area, Andhra Pradesh, India

The mean water releases at head section of 11 years of Nagarjuna Sagar Jawahar right main Canal, Andhra Pradesh, India is found to be 128.13 TMC (3,627.71 MCM). The mean surface water availability was estimated as 2,229 MCM. For the efficient utilization of groundwater, the quality plays a major role in terms of selection of crop variety for sustainable agriculture. The ground water quantity of the command area available was estimated 1385 MCM and the mean annual conjunctive use of command area was 3,614 MCM (128 TMC).
 The crop water requirement for paddy, cotton, chilies, millet and pulses were estimated in the command area by using CROPWAT model. The crop water requirement for paddy in NSRC command area of Guntur district for black soils was 848.2 mm. The irrigation water requirement was 638.9 mm and for red soils, crop water requirement for paddy and irrigation water requirements were 848.2 mm and 624.5 mm respectively. Similarly, computed for all the crops and overall crop water demand for both (Guntur and Prakasam) districts of NSRC command area for different soils and different crops per annum was 4,456 MCM without considering cattle and domestic water use. Based on the research, it was concluded that the available water is not sufficient and it is suggested to choose alternative crops for bringing entire area into cultivation.

Editorial introductions.

Editorial introductions.

R260 Rayının Mantar, Gövde ve Taban Kısımlarının Tribolojik Özelliklerinin Araştırılması

It is important to know tribological properties of rail and wheel for predicting the service life of both components. In railway, the tribological system is open and the harsh working condition can be seen as the contact stress between rail and wheel is extremely high. The behaviour of the tribological system varies depending on the chosen rail-wheel materials and also third body (water, humidity, lubricant, debris and combination of these elements). The coefficient of friction and wear resistance are strongly dominated by chosen material and its properties. Up to now, a number of researchers focused only on the tribological properties of the head of rail material. Recent experimental study has devoted to investigate the tribological properties of head, web and foot sections of R260 rail, as the mechanical properties of rail changes from the head to the foot of rail. Different sections of R260 rail have been evaluated in terms of microstructural, hardness, tribological and wear resistance properties. According to obtained results of the ball-on-disc wear tests, the highest wear resistance belongs the head of R260 rail as expected. The coefficients of friction of the web, head and foot of R260 have been found as 0.39, 0.35 and 0.38, respectively.

Variations in origins of External, Internal Carotid Artery and Superior Thyroid Artery Branching Pattern: A Cadaveric Study

Introduction: The rich vascularity of most parts of the head and neck is mainly maintained by the carotids and their branches. However, variations in the External Carotid Artery (ECA) and Superior Thyroid Artery (STA) can pose risks during neck surgeries. Aim: This study aimed to examine relationship of ECA at point of origin and variations in the origin of superior thyroid artery. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College Kota, Rajasthan, India. Fifty common carotid arteries were obtained from 20 adult human cadavers and five sagittal sections of head and neck specimens. The specimens were dissected bilaterally, resulting in a total of 50 carotids observed. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 25. Results: In 86% of the specimens, the ECA originated at the upper border of the thyroid cartilage, while in 14% of the specimens, it was at a higher level. Transposition of the ECA laterally was observed in 4% of the specimens, and medial transposition was observed in 96% of the specimens. The STA originated from the ECA in 76% of the specimens, from the carotid bifurcation in 16% of the specimens, and from the Common Carotid Artery (CCA) in 8% of the specimens. Conclusion: The anatomical level of the CCA bifurcation is crucial clinically and surgically. These findings contribute to our understanding of the vascular anatomy of the carotid triangle, aiding students, radiologists, and surgeons in preventing complications and improving head and neck surgeries.

О МОДЕЛИРОВАНИИ ПРОЦЕССА ТЕЧЕНИЯ РЕЗИНОВЫХ СМЕСЕЙ В КАНАЛАХ СОЭКСТРУЗИОННОЙ ГОЛОВКИ С УСИЛЕННОЙ ЗОНОЙ КОНТАКТА МАТЕРИАЛОВ

Currently, in the chemical and related industries, the process of obtaining polymeric, two-layer products with a reinforced contact zone of materials is common. These products include: caterpillar tracks, liners for tram tracks, etc. Particular attention is paid to the quality of products obtained by coextrusion. The article presents ways to solve problems of obtaining a strong connection between the layers of materials and an unstable shape of the extrudate at the outlet of the co-extrusion head. The authors propose to use a co-extrusion head with a reinforced material contact zone. In order to save time and computing resources, it is necessary to identify a rational design zone, in which sufficient calculation accuracy will be ensured. To identify the rational design zone, numerical experiments were carried out in the ANSYS software and computer system. The Maxwell model was chosen as the rheological model. Velocity and pressure distribution patterns were obtained, which can be used to solve various applied problems. It was revealed that the maximum speed is achieved in the center of the head section, while its minimum values are located along the periphery. As a result, dependences of the velocity inhomogeneity coefficient in the outlet section on the relative tooth height were drawn. The resulting regression curves are similar for the cases of the full and partial simulation zones. That is why it is sufficient to simulate the process only in the part of the extrusion head. With such a scheme, the number of finite elements will be less, which, with a given accuracy, will reduce the calculation time. The results obtained can be used in the design of co-extrusion heads for tire and rubber industries in order to replace foreign equipment with domestic developments.

A new circle method for measuring humeral torsion on MRI-scans less sensitive to Hill-Sachs lesions

ObjectivesThe literature on humeral torsion angles (retrotorsion) reveals great inconsistencies between methodology and values. Decreased retrotorsion was suspected to correlate with instability, but evidence is contradictory. The measurement according to the gold standard method of Bernageau and Godefroy (B&G) can be challenging especially in the presence of Hill-Sachs-lesions. Therefore, we have developed and evaluated a new measurement method for the humeral torsion angle on MRI-scans. Materials and MethodsThree investigators have measured 67 patients (35 with shoulder instability, 32 healthy) on axial MRIs with 603 measurements used for reliability calculation. The new Circle-method determines the retrotorsion by overlaying two circles on the transversal section of the humeral head. The first circle is adjusted congruent with the margin of the humeral head, whereas the second circle is adjusted to the greater tubercle. The line bisecting the centres of these circles is defined as the humeral head axis. This method was compared to B&G. ResultsThe mean retrotorsion angle of all patients was 25°± 25° (mean ± SD) with B&G, and 24° ± 27° with the Circle-method. Neither method revealed a significant difference between stable and unstable shoulders (p = 0.47). Of the 35 patients with unstable shoulders 21 (60%) presented Hill-Sachs lesions. No significant differences between patients with or without Hill-Sachs lesions (Circle-method: p = 0.61; B&G: p = 0.67). The reliability parameters for both methods were similar. ConclusionsThe new Circle-method is as precise as the method of B&G. It may yield more consistent values in cases with substantial Hill-Sachs-lesions. Our data do not suggest retrotorsion as a predictor of instability.

A Study on Morphometry and Related Surgical Importance of Naso Lacrimal Duct

Introduction: The Nasolacrimal duct is the terminal part of the nasolacrimal apparatus or tear apparatus. The anatomy of lateral nasal wall is Important for planning the surgeries on lacrimal duct through intranasal approach. Objective: The current study was designed to review the anatomy of nasolacrimal duct in relation to the lateral nasal wall. Material and method: Thirty sagittal sections (14 right and 16 left side) of head and neck of formalin fixed adult cadavers of known sex, gender, ethnicity present in department of anatomy GMCH, Chandigarh were studied. The following parameters were made using a digital calliper and rounded off to the nearest millimetres. 1.Length of nasolacrimal duct (NLD Length) 2. Nearest distance from the nasolacrimal duct to maxillary sinus ostium (NLD - MSO) 3. Nearest distance from the NLD to the anterior nasal spine. (NLD- ANS)4. Nearest distance of the intranasal orifice of the NLD to the nasal floor (NLD- NF) 5. Nearest distance of the intranasal orifice of the NLD to the nasal roof. (NSD- NR) 6. Nearest distance of the intranasal orifice of the NLD to the anterior attachment of the Inferior concha. (NSD- AIT). Observations: In our study the average length of the NLD was 19.8±1.57mm. The intranasal orifice of the NLD was observed to be located on an average of 24.5±2.6mm from the anterior nasal spine, ranging from 5.5-2. 9mm.The average distance from the nasal roof was found to be 32.2±1.67mm and 16.08±1.71mm from nasal floor. In addition, the average distance from the anterior attachment of inferior nasal concha was found to be 14.82±2.37mm. In our study the NLD was an average of 4.08±0.67mm anterior to MSO at the level of the anterior attachment of the MT. On Comparing right and left side The NLD Was found to be slightly longer 22.7 in comparison of 22.2 mm on left side. The distance of NLD From MSO was also found to be larger on left side. The distances of NLD-ANS, NLD NR, NLD -AIT and NLD- NF were also longer on left side. Conclusion: We found that most of the parameters were closer to a study done by Ertugel while the NLD-NF distance was more in our specimen. Running title: nasolacrimal duct: morphometry, surgical importance KEY WORDS: Nasolacrimal duct, Maxillary sinus ostium, nasal floor, nasal roof, Anterior attachment of inferior concha.

Seismic uplift behavior and energy dissipation mechanism of scoured bridge pile-group foundations: Quasi-static test and numerical analysis

Seismic-induced pile uplift is likely to happen in coastal bridges with scoured pile-group foundations. This study investigates the seismic performance of scoured pile-group foundations with pile uplift behavior. To this end, a quasi-static test was conducted on a reinforced concrete specimen comprising a rigid single-column pier and a 2 × 2 pile-group foundation partially embedded in homogeneous sand. Cyclic lateral loading was imposed near the top of pier to produce sufficient bending moments on the foundation for achieving the pile uplift behavior. After that, a finite element (FE) model for the quasi-static test is developed and validated using the experimental data. An in-depth comparative study is conducted on two FE models with and without pile uplift. Results show that bridge models with pile uplift show apparent self-centering behavior, while those without pile uplift do not. Pile uplift prevents the yielding of pile head sections and meanwhile delays the yielding of underground ones. Besides, bridges with or without pile uplift have quite close total energy dissipation capacity, but the contribution of soil-pile frictional interaction is greatly increased (from 24% to 76%) while the contribution of structural damage is significantly decreased (from 40% to 2%) due to pile uplift.

Dissecting Diagnostic Discrepancies between Intraoperative and Permanent Head and Neck Pathology Sections at a Large University Medical Center

Abstract Introduction/Objective Accurate correlation between intraoperative frozen section (FS) and subsequent permanent section (PS) diagnoses is essential for quality patient care. Intraoperative FS is used for confirmation of diagnoses and margin status (MS) evaluation in head and neck (H&N) pathology. Reported FS-PS discrepancy rates for H&N cases range between 1.42% to 1.80%, mostly due to sampling and interpretation errors. We sought to review our experience with FS and concordant PS from H&N pathology cases diagnosed at a high volume, university medical center. Methods/Case Report Correlation was performed between intraoperative FS and paraffin-embedded PS of H&N surgical resections between January 2019 to December 2021. FS-PS discrepancies were classified due to “sampling” or “interpretation”. Recurrence rates based on a 2 year follow up period of 2019 cases was also recorded. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) 2337 H&N cases yielded 11108 intraoperative FS diagnoses. FS-PS correlation identified 142 (1.27%) discrepancies. Of these, 85 (60%) were for MS control, comprised of 45 (53%) due to “sampling” and 40 (47%) to “interpretation”. FS slides generally represented a single top section taken from the tissue, with “sampling” discrepancies due to discordant diagnoses identified on a deeper cut of tissue on the PS slides. Common “interpretative” discrepancies included overlooking high-grade dysplasia. For patients diagnosed in 2019, we found that 6% of discrepant cases of locoregional disease over a 2 year follow up period were due to inadequate margin control. Conclusion Our institutional intraoperative FS-PS discrepancy rate for H&N pathology cases is 1.27%, and within the national quality standards. Our FS-PS discrepancy rate for H&N cases related to MS control were mostly due to “sampling". Intraoperative review of deeper cuts of FS tissue and in service instruction for pathologists regarding intraoperative reporting of high-grade dysplasia will be the subject of a prospective study for potential improvement of “sampling” and “interpretative” discrepancies, respectively. Future studies hope to minimize the cases of locoregional occurence due to inadequate margin status.

Eccentric distance zone analysis system: New regional evaluation of cephalic fixator tip location for predicting cut-out in geriatric intertrochanteric fractures with internal fixation.

The aim of this study was to investigate an eccentric distance (ED) zone analysis system for regional evaluation of the cephalic fixator tip based on the ED of the cephalic fixator tip referenced to the radius of its own femoral head to predict cut-out in intertrochanteric fractures (ITF) with internal fixation. First, we assumed all the femoral heads were regular spheres with the radius (R FD) of "3" for a complete match of the Cleveland zone system and calculated the ED of the cephalic fixator tip by measuring the distances from the cephalic fixator tip to the geometric central axis in the femoral neck and head on both anteroposterior (AP) view and lateral view radiographs. Second, we defined the maximum transverse section of the femoral head into three zones named ED Zone A with ED less than "1," Zone B with ED ranging in "1-2," and Zone C with ED ranging in "2-3" in turns by concentric circles (circles A, B, and C) with the radius of 1/3, 2/3, and 3/3 times of R FD, respectively. Third, we evaluated the ED zones according to the ED and location of the cephalic fixator tip in the eligible 123 ITF patients with single-screw cephalomedullary nail (SCMN) fixation and then analyzed the correlation between the cut-out rate and the ED zones. The cut-out rates in ED Zones A, B, and C were 4.17%, 38.46%, and 100%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that ED Zone A had at least a 14 times lower rate of cut-out compared with ED Zone B. The cephalic fixator tip located in ED Zone A has a lower cut-out rate than that in Cleveland Zone 5. The cut-out rate in ED Zone A is significantly lower than that in the region inside Cleveland Zone 5 but outside ED Zone A. ED zone analysis system is a reliable regional evaluation of the cephalic fixator tip position for predicting cut-out in geriatric ITF patients with SCMN fixations and potentially an artificial intelligence measurement during surgery. For decreasing the cut-out rate, the cephalic fixator tip should be located in ED Zone A.

Computer Tomography (CT) Scans as a Diagnostic Tool for Interpretation of S10 Plastinated Slides from Dog Cadaver

Abstract Computed tomography (CT) is a routine method for the diagnosis of pathological structures in the body and has been widely used in veterinary medicine as an advanced diagnostic imagining tool in veterinary clinics. However, interpretation of CT scans requires detailed knowledge of topographical animal anatomy and usually has limited scan resolution due to the ambiguous relationship between signal intensity and tissue composition. The aim of the study was to assess the morphometric similarities between S10 plastinated slides and computer tomography (CT) scans and their usability as compatible paired diagnostic methods. A 3-year-old euthanized dog cadaver was scanned on SHIMADZU SCT/6800TXL scanner immediately post-mortem, then frozen at -80 °C to preserve the correct anatomical position, and plastinated with a standardized procedure. Semi-transparent transversal slices (5 mm) were obtained from the head, thoracic, and lumbar sections of the body. The S10 plastinated slides and CT scans contained fine and small anatomical structures with high similarity. The spatial relationships of all anatomical structures on the serial S10 platinates were in the correct anatomical position. In conclusion, S10 transversal slices showed high similarity with the CT scans and allowed identification of the corresponding morphological structures. The S10 thin plastinated transversal slices could be used for additional interpretation of CT transversal scans at veterinary clinics and as a didactical tool for veterinary students.

Deformation of implant retaining screws-Study with stereoscopic microscopy and microCT.

The prosthetic screw fixes the prostheses to the implants. Upon osteointegration, the untightening of the prosthetic screw is the most common problem in oral rehabilitation with implants. To study the deformation of the implant retaining hexagonal screw head. This investigation used two methods for evaluating the screw head's area of deformation (mm2 ): a stereoscopic microscopy and micro computed tomography (microCT). For stereoscopic microscopy, 16 titanium alloy (T) and 16 titanium gold-plated alloy (G) screws of the Zimmer Biomet™ brand were used, divided into eight groups: group 0 (control group), groups T1 and G1 (screws tightened 10 times to 20 Ncm), the groups T2 and G2 (screws tightened 20 times to 20 Ncm) and the groups T3 and G3 (screws tightened 10 times to 30 Ncm). In the study with microCT, one screw was randomly chosen from each of the groups described above to perform the scanning by microCT. When comparing the type of screw material using stereoscopic microscopy, no statistically significant differences were found (p > 0.05). Contrarily, different number of successive grips and different torque value showed statistically significant differences in the head section of the retaining screws (p < 0.05). The observation by microCT showed the torque applied is crucial to the head deformation in titanium screws. In gold-plated screws the successive tightening appears to be pivotal. Titanium and gold screws tend to behave similarly. By increasing the tightening cycles and the torque values of protocols greater levels of deformations can be expected. In general, microCT data showed better results for gold-plated titanium alloy. To control severe screw head deformation and the impossibility of untightening the implant's restoration, clinicians should avoid extreme torque values and prevent surpassing 10 tightening cycles.

О возможности использования кумулятивных зарядов с комбинированными облицовками для получения алюминиевых частиц со скоростями на уровне 16 км/с

Explosive gun launchers are used to test rocket and space technology systems for persistence to the effects of meteoroids and fragments of space debris. Based on numerical simulation in the framework of a two-dimensional axisymmetric problem of continuum mechanics, possibilities of obtaining aluminum particles with speeds of up to 16 km/s were considered using shaped charges with a combined shaped charge liners. A high-speed particle is formed as a result of the “cut-off” by the collapsing cylindrical part of the head section combined liner of the jet flow appearing during the collapse of the liner jet-forming part. Simulation was carried out in regard to a shaped charge with the 100 mm diameter using the ANSYS/AUTODYN and ERUDIT computer systems. To achieve the objective set, the liner jet-forming part was of digressive thickness, and its limiting surfaces had the shape of semi-ellipsoid surfaces or revolution semi super ellipsoid. Based on the calculation results, combined liner geometric parameters were selected making it possible to form an aluminum particle with a speed at the 16 km/s level and its mass of tenths of a gram.

Application of Finite Element Analysis for Structural Stability Evaluation of Modern and Contemporary Sculptures: ‘Eve 58-1’ by Man Lin Choi

‘Eve 58-1’, the subject of this study is a statue made of plaster and its structural stability was evaluated by utilizing the CAE program in order to prevent the risk of damage arising from impact and vibration that are generated during the packaging and transportation process given its material characteristics. CAE is an abbreviation for Computer Applied Engineering for realization by predicting changes at the time of application of virtual physical energy. It is applied by reflecting the physical property conditions and each boundary condition of plaster, and the digital images of the internal and external structure of the work were acquired through 3D scanning and CT analysis for interpretation by executing finite element modeling. When acceleration is applied to the work in the direction of its own weight, the left-right side and the front-rear side, it was possible to confirm a maximum displacement value of 15.24 mm in the head section of the front-rear side direction that has been tilted by approximately 27° from the Y-axis and the largest stress value of 12.46 MPa was at the left ankle section. The corresponding results confirmed that the left ankle section is the most vulnerable area and the section for which precautions need to be exercised and supplemented at the time of transporting the work by means of objective values.

Evaluation of wind loads on square transmission towers with angle members under skewed winds

In the current wind loading codes for transmission towers, the wind loads under skewed winds are characterized by the global drag coefficient, skewed wind load factor, and wind load distribution factor. The recommended global drag coefficients in the codes borrowed from the lattice frames and trusses show discrepancy with the wind tunnel test. The skewed wind load factor reflecting the amplification of wind loads at skewed directions is demonstrated to vary with the tower geometry, which is not factored in the codes. In addition, the wind load distribution factor in the codes is determined by assuming that the wind load direction is the same as the wind direction, whose rationality needs to be examined. In this paper, a series of wind tunnel tests on the body, cross-arm and head sections of the widely used square angle-steel transmission towers are performed under multi-directional winds. Based on wind tunnel tests, the three coefficients and factors in the codes are extensively examined, and new formulas for them are calibrated. The results of this study could provide more accurate estimate of wind loads on the transmission towers.

The integrated effect of Kaizen and innovation culture on the police performance: an empirical investigation

PurposeLimited use of Kaizen practices in police agencies, together with very few studies that investigated the link between it and police performance, gives a gap and good indication to conduct this study. Thus, this study seeks to explore and examine this relationship through the lens of innovation culture as a mediating factor.Design/methodology/approachThis paper was based on a survey with 352 effective participants, including the head section officers of the Dubai Police in the UAE. A structural equation modelling technique was used for statistical analysis.FindingsResults indicate that Kaizen was positively associated with police performance. Innovation culture also plays a mediating role in the relationship between Kaizen and police performance.Originality/valueThis paper has theoretical and practical contributions. It is one of the first studies to create and test the direct and indirect associations between Kaizen and police performance, providing evidence on the mediating role of innovation culture with regard to Kaizen and performance in the policing field.

Leadership Approach to Distribute Employee Workload in The Office of The Ministry of Religious Affairs

Leadership must ensure all employees have equal tasks and responsibilities. This study aimed to explore (1) the workload of employees in the MoRA office and (2) the strategies leaders take to overcome employee work overload. This study employed three methods of data collection: observation, interviews, and documentation. The informants include the Head Section and the staff working at the Ministry of Religious Affairs Office of Gresik Regency. Data were analyzed using the stages offered by Miles and Huberman, including data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results show that the division’s staff workload was relatively heavy. The Head Section applied a leadership strategy to overcome work overload by offering work cooperation and mutual assistance among employees. In addition, leadership strategy was applied using an analysis of organizational structures, appropriate leadership styles, and the evaluation process. This study implies that reducing work overload is critical to maintaining employees’ ongoing health and strengthening work efficiency and effectiveness.