Head Of Household Income Research Articles

Problem and technology solution improving water quality in Morotai Island (A case study in Koloray, Muhajirin and Juanga)

Morotai is one of the regions which has become a new growth center in North Maluku Province (Malut). Meanwhile, the development carried out at Morotai is still constrained by the limited supply of clean water in three regions. This research was conducted to: 1) Clean water problems based on geographical conditions; 2) Map technology needs and propose technologies which can be used to provide clean water in Morotai Island; 3) Factors related to people's willingness to pay for the application of water technology. Research was carried out through an action research with a case study method in three regions in Morotai in which has tourist attractions based on different geographical conditions. The sample of this study was 70 households in each location. Data were analyzed descriptively and in comparison. The result of this study shows that the main obstacles to provide clean water are poor quality of raw water due to high salt concentrations in Koloray, pollution load caused by flood in rainy season in Muhajirin, and lack of raw water especially in the dry season in Juanga. Appropriate technology is needed to solve the problem such as rainwater treatment, brackish water treatment, utilization of ACS, and merotek models of rainwater. Factors related to people's willingness to pay for the application of water technology are perception towards clean water problem, head of household income, number of family members, technology needs for clean water improvement.

Penerapan Algoritma C4.5 Dalam Klasifikasi Penerima Kartu Keluarga Sejahtera (KKS)

The purpose of this study is to classify data on families who are entitled to receive a Prosperous Family Card (KKS), because there are still many other poor families who have not had the opportunity to receive this assistance program. Sources of data obtained from the Panghulu Nagori Mekar Rejo office, Bosar Maligas District, Simalungun Regency. The method used in this research is the C4.5 algorithm data mining technique which is implemented with the RapidMiner 5.3 application. The variables used in determining which families are entitled to receive a Prosperous Family Card (KKS) are (1) Occupation, (2) Income of the Head of the Family, (3) Number of Dependents, (4) Highest Education, (5) Condition of the House Building. The results of the classification using the C4.5 algorithm and testing with the Rapidminer software found that the factor that determines the feasibility of providing the Prosperous Family Card (KKS) assistance is C2 (Head of Household Income) with the highest gain value, namely 0.46880137

EFFECTS OF INCOME, EDUCATION AND NUMBER OF FAMILY MEMBERS TOWARDS THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHILD WORKER IN BIREUEN DISTRICT

This study aims to analyze of effect of income, education and the number of family members on the development of child labour in Bireuen Regency. The data in this study are obtained by distributing questionnaires to 69 respondents who are child workers in Bireuen Regency. The sampling technique used is Random Sampling and the data are analyzed by using Multiple linear regression. The results of the study indicated that the Head of household income and education have a significant and negative effect on the development child workers in Bireuen Regency, The number of family members has a positive and significant effect. Simultaneously, the income and education of the Head of household and the number of family members significantly affect the development of child workers in Bireuen Regency.

التطرف الفکري وعلاقته بأزمة الهوية لدى عينة من طلاب المرحلة الثانوية بمدينة الطائف

هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى التعرف على طبيعة العلاقة بين التطرف الفکري وأزمة الهوية لدى طلاب المرحلة الثانوية بمدينة الطائف. والتعرف على الفروق في التطرف الفکري وأزمة الهوية لدى طلاب المرحلة الثانوية التي تعزى إلى متغيرات المستوى التعليمي للوالدين، المستوى الدراسي، الدخل الشهري للأسرة. واستخدمت الدراسة المنهج الوصفى . وأجريت الدراسة على عينة من طلاب المدارس الثانوية بمدينة الطائف قوامها (375 ) طالبا طبق عليهم مقياس التطرف الفکري إعداد المدادحة (2015) ومقياس أزمة الهوية من إعداد الباحث. وأسفرت الدراسة عن عدد من النتائج أهمها :وجود درجة متوسطة من التطرف الفکرى لدى عينة البحث ، ووجود مستوى مرتفع من أزمة الهوية لدى عينة البحث، وجود معاملات ارتباط موجبة دالة إحصائيا عند مستوى (0.01α ≤ ) تراوحت بين ( 0.72 إلى 0.76) بين کل من التطرف الفکرى وأزمة الهوية بأبعادها الفرعية مما يعنى وجود علاقة ارتباطية موجبة قوية بين التطرف الفکرى وأزمة الهوية .کما أظهرت النتائج وجود فروق دالة إحصائيا عند مستوى (0.01α ≤ ) في التطرف الفکرى تعزى لمستوى تعليم الوالدين (الأب ، الأم ) والمستوى الدراسى ودخل رب الاسرة . کذلک وجود فروق دالة إحصائيا عند مستوى (0.01) في أزمة الهوية تعزى لمستوى تعليم الوالدين (الأب ، الأم ) والمستوى الدراسي للطالب ودخل رب الاسرة . الکلماتالمفتاحية: التطرف الفکري، أزمة الهوية ، طلاب المرحلة الثانوية Abstract The present study aimed to identify the nature of the relationship between intellectual extremism and the identity crisis among high school students in Taif. and identify the differences in intellectual extremism and the identity crisis of secondary students attributed to the variables of the educational level of parents, the level of study, monthly income of the family. The study used the descriptive approach. The study was conducted on a sample of high school students in Taif city of (375) students who applied the measure of intellectual extremism prepared by Al-Madadha (2015) and the identity crisis scale prepared by the researcher. The study resulted in a number of results, the most important of which are:The existence of a moderate degree of intellectual extremism in the research sample and the existence of a high degree or level of identity crisis in the research sample. There were statistically positive correlation coefficients at the level of (α ≤ 0.01) ranging from 0.72 to 0.76 between intellectual extremism and identity crisis The results showed statistically significant differences at the level of (0.01) in intellectual extremism due to the level of education of parents (father, mother), level of study and head of household income. There are also statistically significant differences at the level of (α ≤ 0.01) in the identity crisis due to the level of education of the parents (father, mother) and the level of the student and the head of the family.

KEPUTUSAN ORANG TUA DALAM MENGIJINKAN ANAK MENONTON FILM YANG MENGANDUNG UNSUR KEKERASAN

Superherofilm is a type of spectacle that is still widely consumed by children. Data from commonsense.org states that 68% of superhero films which aired in 2011-2016 have PG-13 ratings (Parental Strongly Cautioned) that contain violence and can have an impact on child development. Children who often watch television or movies tend to less concentration, less attention to the environment, and imitate what is shown. This study aimed to determine related factors of parental decisions in allowing children to watch violence films. This research was a quantitative with cross sectional approach. By using simple random sampling technique, the samples of this research taken as many as 93 parents of 3rd grade students at SDN Ketabang Surabaya. The data was collected by using questionnaire. This research used univariat and bivariate analysis. Most respondents are women (58.1%), age 28-45 years (79.6%), work as housewives (30.1%), and head of houshold have high income (68.8%). In relation to parental decisions in allowing children to watch violence films, most respondents have less knowledge (49.47%), less supportive attitude (84.94%), parents as personal reference in making decisions (68.82% ), unfulfilled facilities (52.69%), and high family culture (69.9%). Most respondents allow children to watch violence films (62.4%). The chisquare test showed that knowledge (p=0,000), availability of facilities (p=0,000), head of household income (p=0,000), and family culture (p = 0.002) are siginificantly related to parental decisions in allowing children to watch violence films. While the variables of attitude (p=0,096), personal references (p=0,249), and age (p=0,853) are not significantly related to parental decisions in allowing children to watch violence films.Keywords: children, parental decisions, superhero films, violence films

Dificuldades na comunicação entre pessoas com deficiência auditiva e profissionais de saúde: uma questão de saúde pública

OBJETIVO: Descrever a ocorrência de relatos de pessoas com deficiência auditiva e múltipla (auditiva e visual e/ou mobilidade) quanto às dificuldades para ouvir e entender profissionais de saúde. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, do tipo inquérito de saúde, realizado com sujeitos selecionados a partir de outros dois estudos de base populacional. A coleta dos dados ocorreu de forma domiciliar, por meio de entrevistas realizadas por entrevistadores treinados, em São Paulo e região. Foram coletadas informações sobre a dificuldade de ouvir e entender o que os profissionais de saúde disseram no último serviço de saúde usado, além de dados demográficos (idade, gênero e raça), econômicos (renda do chefe da família), tipo de serviço de saúde procurado, uso de plano privado de saúde e necessidade de auxílio para ir ao serviço de saúde. RESULTADOS: Dos entrevistados, 35% relataram problemas para ouvir e entender os profissionais de saúde no último serviço visitado; 30,6% (IC95%: 23,4-37,8) para entender os médicos; 18,1% (IC95%: 12,0-24,1) para entender as enfermeiras; e 21,2% (IC95%: 14,8-27,6) para entender os outros funcionários. Não houve diferenças quando se considerou as variáveis demográficas, a necessidade de auxílio para tomar banho e se vestir, comer, levantar-se e/ou andar, possuir ou não plano privado de saúde e tipo de serviço de saúde visitado. CONCLUSÃO: Do total de pessoas entrevistadas, 35% relataram problemas para ouvir e entender o que foi dito por profissionais de saúde. Do total que relatou alguma dificuldade, 34,74% tinham deficiência auditiva e 35,38% deficiência múltipla.

Pneumonia and poverty: a prospective population-based study among children in Brazil

BackgroundChildren in developing country suffer the highest burden of pneumonia. However, few studies have evaluated associations between poverty and pneumonia.MethodsA prospective population-based study on pneumonia was carried out as part of the Latin America Epidemiological Assessment of Pneumococcus (LEAP study). Chest x-rays were obtained for children one to 35 months old with suspected pneumonia presenting to emergency care centers and hospital emergency rooms in Goiania, Brazil. Chest radiographs were evaluated according to WHO guidelines. Clustering of radiologically-confirmed pneumonia were evaluated using a Poisson-based spatial scan statistic. Associations between census socioeconomic indicators and pneumonia incidence rates were analyzed using generalized linear models.ResultsFrom May, 2007 to May, 2009, chest radiographs were obtained from 11 521 children with clinical pneumonia; 3955 episodes were classified as radiologically-confirmed. Incidence rates were significantly higher in very low income areas (4825.2 per 105) compared to high income areas (1637.3 per 105). Spatial analysis identified clustering of confirmed pneumonia in Western (RR 1.78; p = 0.001) and Southeast (RR 1.46; p = 0.001) regions of the city, and clustering of hospitalized pneumonia in the Western region (RR 1.69; p = 0.001). Lower income households and illiteracy were associated with pneumonia incidence.ConclusionsIn infants the risk of developing pneumonia is inversely associated with the head of household income and with the woman educational level. Areas with deprived socioeconomic conditions had higher incidence of pneumonia and should be targeted for high vaccination coverage.

Race, income, and infant mortality in Cape Town, South Africa.

Birth notification information for 1982 infant mortality data for 1981-1983 and death certificate data on 42360 people dying in the area of greater Cape Town over the period 1981-84 were examined in an assessment of the influence of race and income upon the infant mortality rate (IMR) in Cape Town South Africa. The 1980 census tracts were aggregated into 258 local areas with approximately 5000 inhabitants each while the median head of household income per local area by race was used as proxy for socioeconomic status. The IMR was 8.4/1000 among Whites 26.8/1000 among Coloreds and 39.2/1000 among Black Africans. Among Whites IMR ranged from 7.3/1000 in the high income category to 13.1/1000 among those of low income. The same socioeconomic differences in IMR were observed among Coloreds . The proportion of neonatal deaths was 74% among Whites 66% among Coloreds and 44% among Africans. No relationship was identified between post-neonatal mortality and income categories in Whites while the highest post-neonatal mortality rate was identified among Africans. The low IMR among Whites of all socioeconomic levels reflects the low quantitative and qualitative health services available to Black Africans and Coloreds in Cape Town compared to those provided to Whites. The inferior health statuses of Black Africans and Coloreds directly results. Socioeconomic status also plays an important determining role in health and survival statuses both between and within racial categories.