Head Injury In Traffic Accidents Research Articles

A data-mining study on the prediction of head injury in traffic accidents among vulnerable road users with varying body sizes and head anatomical characteristics.

Body sizes and head anatomical characteristics play the major role in the head injuries sustained by vulnerable road users (VRU) in traffic accidents. In this study, in order to study the influence mechanism of body sizes and head anatomical characteristics on head injury, we used age, gender, height, and Body Mass Index (BMI) as characteristic parameters to develop the personalized human body multi-rigid body (MB) models and head finite element (FE) models. Next, using simulation calculations, we developed the VRU head injury dataset based on the personalized models. In the dataset, the dependent variables were the degree of head injury and the brain tissue von Mises value, while the independent variables were height, BMI, age, gender, traffic participation status, and vehicle speed. The statistical results of the dataset show that the von Mises value of VRU brain tissue during collision ranges from 4.4 kPa to 46.9kPa at speeds between 20 and 60km/h. The effects of anatomical characteristics on head injury include: the risk of a more serious head injury of VRU rises with age; VRU with higher BMIs has less head injury in collision accidents; height has very erratic and nonlinear impacts on the von Mises values of the VRU's brain tissue; and the severity of head injury is not significantly influenced by VRU's gender. Furthermore, we developed the classification prediction models of head injury degree and the regression prediction models of head injury response parameter by applying eight different data mining algorithms to this dataset. The classification prediction models have the best accuracy of 0.89 and the best R2 value of 0.85 for the regression prediction models.

Experimental Investigation of Head Injuries in Traffic Accidents

Experimental Investigation of Head Injuries in Traffic Accidents

Gambaran Korban Meninggal Dunia dengan Cedera Kepala pada Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas di Bagian Forensik RSUP dr M Djamil Padang Tahun 2018-2019

Background. A traffic accident is an incident on the road which accidentally involves a vehicle with or without other road users which results in human casualties and/or property loss. The most common injury that occurs during traffic accidents is head injury. Head injury due to traffic accidents is a major cause of disability and mortality in developing countries.Objective. To analyze the overview of victim who died with head injury in traffic accidents at the forensic department of DR. M. Djamil Padang 2018-2019.Methods. This type of research is retrospective descriptive. Sampling was carried out by total sampling technique in the forensic department of RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang from March 2020 - September 2020.Results. The results showed that 150 victims who died with head injury in traffic accidents. The conclusion of this study, most of the age is 15-29 years and the incidence was higher in males. The most common injury patterns are abrasions.The head region most affected is the frontalis region. The most time for accidents is at 12.01-18.00 WIB and the most accident days are on Sundays. Most of the accident locations were outside the city of Padang, most types of vehicles were motorbikes, the role of the most victims were motorists and the most types of accidents were being hit by other vehicles.Conclusion. Most of the age is 15-29 years and the incidence was higher in males. The head region most affected is the frontalis region. Most of the accident locations were outside the city of Padang, most types of vehicles were motorbikes, the role of the most victims were motorists and the most types of accidents were being hit by other vehicles

Quantification of local ventilation efficiency under bicycle helmets

Bicycle helmets can reduce the risk for head injuries in traffic accidents where cyclists are involved. Unfortunately, bicycle helmets are often unpopular due to the thermal discomfort that they may induce. Most bicycle helmets have therefore many large vents. These large vents can give helmet wearers the perception that helmets are well ventilated, but their efficiency on local airflow between head and helmet has not yet been quantified.This research aimed at quantifying local ventilation efficiency of five bicycle helmets using a tracer gas measurement technique for 13 positions between a manikin head and a helmet. The 3D fresh air distributions that were quantified are a major parameter influencing thermal comfort of a bicycle helmet. Large variations in ventilation efficiency were seen for all helmets: from 0 × 10−3 s−1 to 16 × 10−3 s−1 or 20 × 10−3 s−1. Highly ventilated zones were observed at the front of the manikin head, while low ventilated zones were monitored at the rear for all helmets.This research suggests minimising the number of inlet vents, but to maximise the projected inlet area of each inlet vent to optimize the thermal characteristics of bicycle helmets. Furthermore, it is suggested that inlets in the front of a bicycle helmet should be connected with outlets at the rear using air channels. Vents on top of a bicycle helmet are not always useful during cycling. Relevance to industryThermal discomfort is one of the major reasons why cyclists do not like to wear a helmet. The described method allows characterizing airflow between a helmet and a manikin head for real helmets that can be used on simple prototypes as well as final models.

TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS

O b j e c t i v e : To find out the correlation between different types of skull fractures and intracranial lesions in traffic accidents.Setting : Patients examined in surgical emergency Allied Hospital, Punjab Medical College, Faisalabad. D u r a t i o n : Two years from 1s tJanuary 1996 to 31 December 1997. Materials a n d M e t h o d s : In this study, the reports belonging to surviving 250 cases that had headinjuries in traffic accidents were examined retrospectively. Data was collected from surgical emergency record office. Collected informationwas analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. R e s u l t s : The rate of intracranial lesions among the cases with the skull fracture was39.0%, while the rate of skull fracture among the cases with the intracranial lesion was 50.3% (P < 0.001). Depressed fractures were morein males, while linear fractures were more in females as well as in young males as whole intracranial lesions were less in patients with skullfracture due to lower intra cranial pressure.

外傷後の頭位性めまい症例の神経耳科的検討

Three patients with traumatic positional vertigo were neurotologically examined. The first and second patients were middle-aged females who had suffered head injuries in traffic accidents. The first patient had left total deafness, and the second patient had no cochlear symptoms. The third patient was a male worker who was injured by falling rocks and had right sensorineural hearing loss. In all the three patients, we found brisk rotatory nystagmus accompanied with vertigo in the head hanging position. The theory of free-floating particles in the posterior semicircular canal seems to explain the rotatory nystagmus and the gradual decrease in its intensity. On the basis of this theory, a canalith repositioning procedure (CRP) was performed in all three patients. It was effective in the second and third patients, but in the first patient positional nystagmus and vertigo were unchanged.