Head Hunters Research Articles

Die Direktansprache und der Schutz unternehmerischer Rechte: Ökonomische Argumente für eine rechtliche Problematik

Head hunters or executive searchers usually approach potential candidates confidentially on the job and via the infrastructure provided by their current employers. That practice violates, according to a judgement of the Higher Regional Court Stuttgart, the legitimate rights of the current employer. Thus, head hunters are asked by the Court not to approach candidates on the job. As this request has caused great concern in the profession and is disputed by many, the article analyzes the interaction between executive searcher, potential candidate, the target company and the commissioning company through the application of microeconomic theory as well as through the principal-agent and the prisoners dilemma models. While ultimately arguing for the admissibility of executive searchers approaching potential candidates on the job, the analyzes also supports important economic reasons for protecting the property rights of the target company. Via the prisoners dilemma, the analysis points towards the vision of a mutually beneficial institutional arrangement that protects the legitimate rights of the target company, while still enabling the interaction between the employee and the executive researcher.

Non-sequential search, screening externalities and the public good role of recruitment offices

This paper focuses on a congestion externality in the labour market which is caused by non-sequential search. A model is presented in which unemployment is caused by selection delays of employers. It is shown that the individual probability to get a job offer is increasing in the number of applications while the aggregate hiring rate is decreasing in the average amount of applications per applicant. Moreover, in the decentralized equilibrium, screening information is lost when a worker is found unsuitable for a particular job and the next firm has to spend screening time on this worker again. The congestion externality can be reduced by institutions which specialize in screening large groups of workers such as temporary employment agencies, labour offices and head hunters, which only screen workers once before they allocate them to suitable jobs.

１９世紀アメリカ捕鯨経済誌 ニューイングランドにおける捕鯨業中心地形成の考察

Various studies have been carried out on whaling mainly by American vessels throughout the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans in the 18th and 19th centuries. The studies cover firstly the natural history of whales; secondly, an enlarged geographical view in accordance with the expansion of operating areas, almanac of whaling activities, and studies on whaling from the standpoint of the social sciences. Naturally, there are many unsolved problems in social science studies with their relatively short history. Nevertheless, the writer seeks to identify-by approaching new resources and references-the conditions that made New England the center of whaling in the 18th and 19th centuries.The writer wishes to point out that the favorable environment for investors made it possible for them to acquire enough funds to start whaling businesses. In those days, new vessels were built and used ones were purchased by consortiums supported by joint small investments in each vessel. A consortium, unlike companies today, did not try to increase the number of vessels. It dissolved itself when a vessel was no longer used or was sold. There are two explanatory theories; deficiency of capital for ship building and losses due to various accidents. These two theories do not necessarily seem to match the facts. As for the former case, investors allocated small amounts for many vessels at the same time. As for the latter, there already existed insurance to cover sea accidents although not a poor hunt. Accordingly, many consortiums were repeatedly established or dissolved. At the same time, each consortium provided good opportunities for investors.Under these circumstances, no individual risked owning a whaling vessel by investing a substantial amount. Instead, investors left the management of their vessels to an agent. The agent was one of the investors in a consortium, but his investment was modest. He was also a merchant who handled supplies of necessities for voyages of vessels, and sales of whale products upon a vessel's return. Therefore, an agent, like other investors, tried to expand his sales by investing small amounts in many vessels, and at the same time protected himself from a poor catch. Even if a loss was incurred, it was covered by profits from other vessels and sales. Thus the fund provided by other investors was also protected.Profits from whaling to the crew members were distributed by a lay system. According to this system the crew had to share the risks of fluctuating whaling fortunes, but even in this case the investors' fund was always protected.Conventional social restrictions upon employing crew members had already been removed, and a new employment custom based on a distribution of profit was established. The contract between the whaling management and the crew was renewed at each voyage. In this case, head hunters were active. They provided crew members with information on the personal experience of each master of a vessel, and on the productivity of each vessel. These facts were very important because they affected the distribution of profits, and the crew selected the next vessel based on such information provided by head hunters.Under such circumstances, investments encouraged further investments in New England, and whaling developed into an industry. New England attracted many people with professional skills and knowledge, and became the center of the American whaling business. It lasted much longer in the region than in any other parts of the country.

Index to Russell’s Authority and the Individual

Index to Russell’s Authority and the Individual

Wild People: Travels with Borneo's Head-Hunters

Wild People: Travels with Borneo's Head-Hunters

Are the Head Hunters Using Theirs?

British Journal of Special EducationVolume 13, Issue 1 p. 15-15 Are the Head Hunters Using Theirs? John Penfold, John Penfold Headteacher, James Rennie School for children with learning difficulties, Carlisle, CumbriaSearch for more papers by this author John Penfold, John Penfold Headteacher, James Rennie School for children with learning difficulties, Carlisle, CumbriaSearch for more papers by this author First published: March 1986 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8578.1986.tb00638.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume13, Issue1March 1986Pages 15-15 RelatedInformation

Selected Writings of Edward S. Curtis: Excerpts from Volumes I-XX of The North American Indian ed. by Barry Gifford

Reviews 71 Carolyn Forché’s ambitions seem much less lofty. And her poems are accordingly less daring but more often successful. The first section of her book, “Burning the Tomato Worms,” is warm, moving towards senti­ mentality but avoiding it. However, this is the best section of her book; when Stanley Kunitz, in the introduction, describes her “imagination” as “passionate and tribal,” his terms rightly apply to her own world, her Slovak grandmother, even that European peasant world; but when she begins to give us images of the world of Indians one cannot accept her as tribal. She is not; there is a lingering paternalism in the present move of so many young white poets to give depth to experience by seizing upon the world of the American Indian. Fórche is an outsider and I think she sometimes recognizes that, although her poems are ambiguous, like her book’s title. Too, Mr. Kunitz suggests that her “Kalaloch” “may very well prove to be the outstanding Sapphic poem of an era.” The poem is about as passionate as Kunitz’ euphemisms. In short, Dorn and Forche are both highly competent, effective, and, yes, American. But they are not the future of poetry, at least as represented here. L. L. LEE, Western Washington State College Selected Writings of Edward S. Curtis: Excerpts from Volumes I-XX of The North American Indian. Ed. by Barry Gifford. (Berkeley: Creative Arts Book Company, 1976. ix + 143 pages + plates, $5.95.) The rediscovery of Edward S. Curtis (1868-1952) is one by-product of the rediscovery of the American Indian that has been underway since the middle 1960’s. Curtis, a Seattle photographer, was himself part of an earlier vogue of the Indian. He reached maturity in the 1890’s at a time when many artists, responsive to the fin-de-siecle nostalgia over the passing of the Western frontier, were turning to Indian themes .The twentieth century loomed large, threatening the imminent extinction of native culture in the rush of technological growth. Here was a last chance to capture something of a vanishing America, to capture the fading glory of the red man before he reached the end of his trail. Several talented sculptors, painters and photographers rose to the challenge. None exceeded Curtis in ambition or intensity of commitment. He proposed to become nothing less than a latter-day George Catlin, preserving in words and pictures an imperishable record of a perishing race. Between 1897 and 1930 he photographed and studied some eighty native societies in Western North America, traveling from the Rio Grande to the Bering Strait. Twenty sumptuous volumes, each accompanied by a portfolio of photogravure prints, resulted from his efforts. 72 Western American Literature Collectively titled The North American Indian, they found their way into the libraries of the great institutions and the very wealthy. Curtis tried to reach a larger audience by writing a few popular books and magazine articles and producing a romantic film about the Kwakiutl with a title aimed at the boxoffice, In the Land of the Head Hunters. But his life’s work, The North American Indian, remained inaccessible to the average reader, and Curtis lived out his final years in relative obscurity. With the vogue of things Indian in the 1960’s, Curtis photographs suddenly began to pop up everywhere. Lavish picture books have been devoted to his work. All of his own titles are back in print, including The North American Indian. In the Land of the Head Hunters has appeared several times in an edited version on educational television. As a result of this concentrated attention, Curtis’ photographs are today widely familiar. His literary endeavors are not, and Barry Gifford’s anthology Selected Writings of Edward S. Curtis is apparently intended to fill the void. It is neither a picture book nor (despite the misleading cover title The Portable Curtis) a genuine “selected writings” since it consists exclu­ sively of excerpts from The North American Indian. Gifford states that these have been chosen on the basis of representativeness and interest. But in both respects his book leaves something to be desired, and the question remains: Who is this anthology intended for? Because it...

Australopithecines: the hunters or the hunted?

ANY attempt to reconstruct the ecology of the australopithecines must include some guesses as to their locomotion, intelligence, tool using, and diet (Bartholomew and Birdsell 1953). The very human pelvis and small cranial capacity suggest that these plains-living forms were bipeds of a low level of intelligence, but theories as to tool use and diet are much more debatable. Here the evidence is necessarily indirect, depending in large part on the distribution of the bones of the associated fauna and of the australopithecines themselves. Of the hundreds of australopithecine bones which have been discovered, there is not one single whole limb bone (Broom and Schepers 1946; Broom, Robinson and Schepers 1950; Broom 1950; Broom and Robinson 1952). Among the thousands of bones of associated animals, there is a very high frequency of cranial remains. This peculiar frequency of bones has become one of the main arguments that the australopithecines were hunters, and more specifically head hunters and trophy keepers (Dart 1949, 1955, 1956a, 1956b; Hughes 1954). Men were surely hunters from approximately second glacial times, but it is uncertain if the hunting habit was already present in the Lower Pleistocene. The taste for meat is one of the main characteristics distinguishing man from the apes, and this habit changes the whole way of life. Hunting involves cooperation within the group, division of labor, sharing food by adult males, wider interests, a great expansion of territory, and the use of tools. It is therefore important to date the beginning of hunting in order to interpret the origin of human behavior. Did man take to the grasslands because he was a hunter, or did he become carnivorous long after leaving the forests? The answers to these questions may lie in the earliest australopithecine deposits, those at Makapan and Sterkfontein (Oakley 1954; Howell 1954, 1955). These deposits are of Lower Pleistocene age and may be old enough to contain our direct ancestors.

The Children's Book Section

IT is curious to note how many more books are written for boys than for girls. Considering the growing number of women writers, it might be expected that girls' books would predominate. It may be that women writers are canny enough to write with their eye on the boy reader knowing that while a totally feminine story will not attract boys, girls often read their brothers' books. Most of the children's classics appeal to both sexes—Peter Pan, Pinocchio, A Christmas Carol, Hans Brinker, The Wind in the Willows, and The Bastable Children, for example. Even the classics of adventure such as Treasure Island, and Robinson Crusoe, have their female devotees and therefore stand a greater chance of survival than books like Little Women, the Katy series, and Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm. With the development of the “family story” popularised by E. Nesbit, there seems to have been a decline in the school story—at least among boys. Either they prefer natural tales of boys and girls together at home, or on holiday, or realistic adventures. A. S. Tring keeps a foot in all three camps, so to speak, with his tale of out‐of‐school activities, adventures and feuds between two day schools. His story entitled The Old Gang (O.U.P., 7/6) is told by the hero himself, in a racy style, and is amusingly illustrated by John Camp. Of the realistic adventure type is The Missing Legatee, by Wilfrid Robertson (O.U.P., 7/6), and it has its setting in the wilds of the Zambesi where the author himself has made expeditions, exploring and big game hunting. It satisfies the boy's demand for plenty of action and at the same time conforms to a good stylistic standard. Another tale of a search undertaken at great risk is David Gammon's Against the Golden Gods (Lutterworth, 5/‐) in which a seventeen year old boy goes out among the head hunters of Papua to rescue his captive father. Fog in the Channel, by Percy Woodcock (Nelson, 7/6) relates stirring adventures by sea, beginning with a collision in the fog when two schoolboys board a mysterious vessel supposed to be on secret service.

The Sinanthropus Population of Choukoutien (Locality 1) with a Preliminary Report on New Discoveries

1) The newly found specimens confirm the fact that Sinanthropusrepresents an independent hominid type distinctly inferior to Neanderthal man and showing definite anthropoid peculiarities in many features.2) The teeth of Sinanthropus exceed in size those of recent andNeanderthal man. Premolars and molars are very complicated in their pattern, especially in regard to the abundance of wrinkles and they are hardly inferior to those of chimpanzee, but they exceed them in coarseness.The upper canine of Sinanthropus is long and wide and projects remarkably like a tusk beyond the level of P1. The upper milk canine is isolatedfrom both its neighbors by gaps, in the dentition of milk teeth. The teeth of recent man, in crowns as well as in roots, are simplified and reduced in comparison to those of Sinanthropus; this primitiveness is not basic but a secondary acquisition.3) The teeth (milk and permanent) of Sinanthropus are more variable in size than those of a corresponding population of recent man. Therefore, a sexual difference must be recognized like that of the Simiid&aelig.4) In two (three) of the four adult jaws there are hyperostoses— “Torus mandibularis”—on the inner side of the alveolar part, the largest of which is situated just linguad of the alveolar septum between P1 and P2 The same peculiarity may be found in prehistoric and in recent Chinese jaws and, according to Fürst, is very characteristic of the Mongolian racial group of mankind, especially the Eskimo.5) In Sinanthropus all upper incisors are very much shovel‐shaped. This peculiarity too is found in the corresponding teeth of the recent Mongolian race in sometimes nearly 100% of the population.6) The facts mentioned under 4) and 5) seem to prove that Sinanthropus takes his place in the direct line leading to recent man and that among present‐day mankind the Mongolian group has the closest relation to Peking man.7) An inventory of all specimens of Locality 1 leads to the conclusion that the population of Choukoutien must have been composed of at least 10 children, 2 adolescents and 12 adults; perhaps one half of these were male and the other half female.8) Most of these individuals are represented by teeth or jaws only, some by skull fragments and two or three by specimens of body bones. The missing bones cannot have been lost during the filling up of the cave or the fossilization process or during the subsequent excavations, but must have been absent already when the bones were imbedded in the rocks.9) The Sinanthropus remains must have been brought into the cave as parts already severed from the body; perhaps they represent trophies or, more probably, the hunting spoil of head hunters.10) There is not the least indication that this hunter was another and more advanced hominid type than Sinanthropus himself. Sinanthropus was the bearer of the cave culture of Choukoutien, the fire‐maker and the manufacture of the implements, perhaps also both the hunter and the cannibal who preyed on people of his own kind.

Among the Mountains and Head-Hunters of Formosa: Discussion

Among the Mountains and Head-Hunters of Formosa: Discussion

Among the Mountains and Head-Hunters of Formosa

Among the Mountains and Head-Hunters of Formosa

Head-Hunters of the Amazon

Head-Hunters of the Amazon

New books

Abstract EUROPE. The Italian Lakes. By Gabriel Faure. London: The Medici Society, 1923. Price 7s. 6d. The French Alps. Edited by Findlay Muirhead and Marcel Monmarché. 25 maps and plans. “The Blue Guides.” London: Macmillan and Co., Ltd., 1923. Price 10s. Memories of Travel. By Sir Thomas Graham Jackson, Bart., E.A. Cambridge: The University Press, 1923. Price 10s. 6d. net. Holiday Rambles in the English Lake District. By Arthur L. Bagley. London: Skeffington and Sons. n. d. Price 6s. net. The Nations of To‐Day. Edited by John Buchan. France. London: Hodder and Stoughton, Ltd., 1923. Price 15s. net. The Fabric of Europe. By Harold Stannard. London: W. Collins, Sons and Co, Ltd., 1923. Price 10s. net. Baedeker's Berlin and its Environs. With 30 Maps and Plans. Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1923. Price 5s. The Lure of Monte Carlo. By Mrs. C. N. Williamson. London: Mills and Boon, 1924. Price 5s. net. L'Espagne dans la Politique Mondiale. Par Alfred Mousset. Paris: Bossard, 1923. Price 15 francs. The Hampshire Gate. By G. H. Dent. London: Ernest Benn, 1924. Price 8s. 6d ASIA. The Sikhs of the Punjab. By R. S. Parry. London: Drane. Price 5s. net. Une Enquête aux Pays du Levant. Par Maurice Barrès. Two vols. Paris: Plon, 1923. Price 7 francs each volume. Strabo on the Troad. Book xiii., Cap. 1. Edited with Translation and Commentary by Walter Leaf, Litt.D., etc., Honorary Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. Cambridge: The University Press, 1923. Price 25s. net. China. By Emile Hovelaque. Translated by Mrs. Laurence Binton. London and Toronto: J. M. Dent and Sons, Ltd., 1923. Price 1s. 6d. net. China Yesterday and To‐day. By Edward Thomas Williams. London: George G. Harrap and Co., Ltd. Price 15s. AFRICA. Unconquered Abyssinia as it is To‐day. By Charles F. Rey, F.R.G.S. London: Seeley, Service and Co., Ltd., 1923. Price 21s. net. Ashanti. By Capt. R S. Rattrar, M.B.E., of the Gold Coast Political Service, Diplomé in Anthropology (Oxon.); Palmes d'Officier d'Académie (France). Author of Hansa Folk Lore, etc. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1923. Price 25s. net. AMERICA. Casual Wanderings in Ecuador. By Blair Niles. London: John Long, Ltd., 1923. Price 12s. 6d. net. The Gods of Mexico. By Lewis Spence. London: T. Fisher Unwin, Ltd., 1923. Price 30s. net. L'Ile Percée: The Finial of the St. Lawrence or Gaspé Flaneries. Being a Blend of Reveries. and Realities; of History and Science; of Description and Narrative; as also a Signpost to the Traveler. By John M. Clarke, author of The Heart of Gaspé. London: Humphrey Milford, Oxford University Press, 1923. Map of Gaspé Peninsula and numerous Illustrations. Price 12s. 6d. Among Wild Tribes of the Amazons. By Charles W. Domville‐Fife. London: Seeley, Service and Co., Ltd., 1924. Price 21s. net. Head Hunters of the Amazon: Seven Years of Exploration and Adventure. By F. W. Up de Graff, with an Introduction by R. B. Cuninghame Graham. London: Herbert Jenkins, Ltd. Price 7s. 6d. net. AUSTRALASIA. The Discovery of Australia. By G. Arnold Wood. London: Macmillan and Co., Ltd., 1922. Price 25s. net. In Primitive New Guinea. By J. H. Holmes. London: Seeley, Service and Co., Ltd., 1924. Price 21s. net. GENERAL. The Story of My Life. By Sir Harrt H. Johnston, G.C.M.G., K.C.B., D.Sc. (Cantab.). London: Chatto and Windus, 1923. Price 21s. net. The Island of Rodriguez: A British Colony in the Mascarenhas Group. By A. J. Bertuchi. London: John Murray, 1923. Price 9s. net. EDUCATIONAL. Kartenhunde. By Dr. M. Groll. Second edition revised by Dr. Otto Graf. Vol. I. Die Projektionen. Vol. II. Der Karteninhalt. Berlin and Leipzig: Walter de Gruyter and Co., 1923.

Among the Head-Hunters of Formosa

Among the Head-Hunters of Formosa

: Through Central Borneo: An Account of Two Years of Travel in the Land of the Head Hunters between the Years 1913 and 1917 . Carl Lumholtz.

: Through Central Borneo: An Account of Two Years of Travel in the Land of the Head Hunters between the Years 1913 and 1917 . Carl Lumholtz.

Book Review: In the Land of the Head-Hunters

Book Review: In the Land of the Head-Hunters

In the Land of the Head-Hunters

In the Land of the Head-Hunters

Notes on the Kagoro and Other Nigerian Head-Hunters.

Notes on the Kagoro and Other Nigerian Head-Hunters.

Book Reviews

SIR WALTER SCOTT'S MINSTRELSY OF THE SCOTTISH BORDER. Edited by T. F. HENDERSON. 4 vols., 8vo. Wm. Blackwood and Sons, 1902. Price £2 2s. net. Reviewed by Charlotte S. Burne. THE HOME-LIFE OF BORNEO HEAD HUNTERS, ITS FESTIVALS AND FOLK-LORE, By WILLIAM HENRY FURNESS, 3d., M.D., F.R.G.S. Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott Co., 1902. Reviewed by E. Sidney Hartland. ANTIQUE WORKS OF ART FROM BENIN. By General AUGUSTUS PITT-RIVERS. 1900. 12s. 6d. Privately printed. To be obtained from B. T. Batsford, 94, High Holborn. Reviewed by Margaret Eyre. HISTORY AND CHRONOLOGY OF THE MYTH-MAKING AGE. By J. F. HEWITT, Late Commissioner of Chotia Nagpur. With Map, Plates, and Diagrams. James Parker & Co. 1901. THE EARLY HISTORY OF SYRIA AND PALESTINE. By L. B. PATON. THE THEOLOGY AND ETHICS OF THE HEBREWS. By A. DUFF. The Semitic Series. Vols. iii. and iv. London: Nimmo. 1902. 6s. each. Reviewed by A. H. Sayce. SOHRAB AND RUSTEM : the Epic Theme of a Combat between Father and Son. A Study of its Genesis and Use in Literature and Popular Tradition. By MURRAY ANTHONY POTTER, A.M. London: David Nutt. 1902. Reviewed by W. Crooke.