Serum HDL Levels Research Articles

The Effect of Organic Hawthorn (Crataegus tanacetifolia) Fruit Vinegar Supplement on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Some Serum Parameters in Broiler Chickens Subjected to Cyclic Heat Stress

Background: This study, it was aimed to determine the effects of adding organic hawthorn (Crataegus tanacetifolia) fruit vinegar (HFV) in different doses to the drinking water of broiler chickens reared under cyclic heat stress (CHS) on performance, carcass characteristics and some serum parameters. Methods: In the study, 300 one-day-old broiler chickens (Ross 308), after a 1-week acclimation period, were tested in two different (24 and 35°C) ambient temperatures and three different HFV levels (0, 2 and 4 ml/L) according to the 2x3 factorial experimental design. Chicks were randomly distributed to 6 experimental groups with 5 replications, with 10 animals in each replication. The addition of organic HFV to the drinking water of broiler chickens subjected to CHS didn’t affect growth performance, carcass characteristics and visceral weight (P greater than 0.05). Addition of HFV increased serum FFA level, decreased serum MDA, HDL and TAG levels (p less than 0.05) and did not affect other serum parameters (P greater than 0.05) in CHS-treated groups. Result: As a result, it was concluded that the addition of HFV to the drinking water of broiler chickens exposed to cyclic heat stress did not have any negative effect on growth performance, carcass characteristics and visceral weights, but it could be beneficial in preventing lipid peroxidation.

Antidiabetic and antioxidant effect of magnetic and noble metal nanoparticles of Clitoria ternatea

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic endocrine disorder associated with diabetic complications that result in microvascular and macrovascular complications due to oxidative stress, neurodegeneration, and peripheral cell damage. Oxidative stress is characterized by the development of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which progresses by hampering antioxidant enzyme activities. Phytomolecules from different plant sources like leaves, flowers, fruits, etc are reported to possess super-antioxidant properties. Hence these phytomolecules can be good leads in the treatment and management of diabetes. Metal nanoparticles have evolved to increase the potency, efficacy, and safety of different drug delivery systems owing to their superior physicochemical properties. This research work is designed for the synthesis of magnetic and noble metal nanoparticles by green synthesis of fresh flower aqueous extract of Clitoria ternatea. A mechanistic evaluation of the magnetic (cobalt oxide) and noble metal (gold) nanoparticles has been designed by in-vitro and in-vivo models of a streptozotocin-induced diabetes model. The cobalt oxide and gold nanoparticles showed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the diabetic enzyme levels (α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and xanthine oxidase). In vitro and in vivo studies of the antioxidant activity of both nanoparticles also revealed the increased potential of antioxidant activity. In-vivo studies of both nanoparticles exhibited anti-diabetic properties by significantly enhancing the level of insulin. The cholesterol profiling of both nanoparticles proved the reduction of levels of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, VLDL, LDL, and creatinine content signifying the decreasing risk of macrovascular complications associated with diabetes. However, gold nanoparticles produced a more protective effect as compared to cobalt oxide nanoparticles. The study concludes that the magnetic and gold nanoparticles conjugated with Clitoria ternatea exhibited potential anti-diabetic and antioxidant activities in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model.

Restorative effects of gallic acid against sub-chronic hepatic toxicity of co-exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles and arsenic trioxide in male rats

Background and objectivesThis study aimed to assess the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNPs) and/or arsenic trioxide (ATO) exposure on the liver of adult male Sprague Dawley rats. Moreover, the probable ameliorative impact of gallic acid (GA) against ZNPs and ATO-induced hepatotoxicity and the possible underlying mechanisms were evaluated. MethodsSixty male Sprague Dawley rats were distributed into six groups. The 1st and 2nd groups were orally given distilled water (1 ml/kg) and 20 mg GA/kg b. wt, respectively. The 3rd and 4th groups were orally given 100 mg ZNPs/kg b. wt and 8 mg ATO/kg b. wt, respectively. The 5th group was co-administered ZNPs and ATO at the doses mentioned above. The last one was co-administered ZNPs, ATO, and GA at the earlier described doses. All tested compounds were orally given once a day for 60 successive days. Then, serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total, direct, indirect bilirubin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL, VLDL, and LDL were estimated. The hepatic content of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was evaluated. Moreover, Bcl-2 and Bax's reactive proteins were immunohistochemically detected, and Zn and As residual patterns in hepatic tissues were assessed. ResultsZNPs, ATO, and ZNPs+ATO-exposed rats showed significantly (P < 0.001) elevated serum AST (219%, 233%, and 333%), ALT (300%, 400%, and 475%), ALP (169%, 205%, and 294%), and total bilirubin (42%, 68%, and 109%) compared to the control ones. On the other hand, a significantly (P < 0.001) declined SOD (58%, 49%, and 43%) and GPx (70%, 63%, and 56%) but increased MDA (133%, 150%, and 224%) was recorded in the hepatic tissues of ZNPs, ATO, and ZNPs+ATO exposed rats, respectively, relative to the control rats. Moreover, the hepatic tissues of the ZNPs, ATO, and ZNPs+ATO exposed rats showed a significant (P < 0.001) decrease in Bcl-2 (28%, 33%, and 23%) but elevation in Bax (217%, 267%, and 236%) immunoreactivities compared to the control rats. These findings were consistent with the microscopic alterations in the hepatic architecture and accumulation of Zn and As. Furthermore, a notable hyperlipidemic condition was recorded following ZNPs and/or ATO exposure. On the contrary, GA notably reduced hepatic enzymes compared to ZNPs+ATO-exposed rats. Additionally, GA markedly improved ZNPs+ATO-afforded liver tissue damage and apoptotic events. ConclusionOverall, GA oral dosing significantly mitigated the negative effects of ZNPs and ATO on the liver by improving the antioxidant defense system and controlling apoptotic changes.

Preliminary Study on the Association of Serum Branched-Chain Amino Acids With Lipid and Hepatic Markers.

Serum levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are associated with various vital physiological functions and thus elevation in circulating levels results in several metabolic disturbances. Serum levels of BCAAs are strong predictors of various metabolic disorders. Their association with cardiovascular health is uncertain. The study aimed to investigate the association of BCAAs with circulating levels of vital cardiovascular and hepatic markers. The study population of 714 individuals was included from the population tested for the vital cardio and hepatic biomarkers at the Vibrant America Clinical Laboratories. The subjects were stratified into four quartiles based on the serum levels of BCAAs, and their association with vital markers was studied using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Pearson's correlation analyzed the univariant relationship of BCAAs with selected cardio and hepatic markers. BCAAs exhibited a strong negative correlation with serum HDL. Serum triglycerides were found to have a positive correlation with serum levels of leucine and valine. Univariant analysis exhibited a strong negative correlation between serum levels of BCAAs and HDL, and a positive correlation was observed between triglycerides and amino acids isoleucine and leucine. Among analyzed hepatic markers, alanine transaminase exhibited a considerable association with BCAAs. The elevated levels of serum BCAAs are strongly associated with serum HDL and triglycerides. Consumption of these supplements must be in coordination with healthcare providers to avoid metabolic and cardiovascular risk.

Atorvastatin-loaded pro-nanolipospheres with ameliorated oral bioavailability and antidyslipidemic activity

Despite significant advances in oral drug delivery technologies, many drugs are prone to limited oral bioavailability due to biological barriers that hinder drug absorption. Pro-nanolipospheres (PNL) are a form of delivery system that can potentiate the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs through a variety of processes, including increased drug solubility and protecting them from degradation by intestinal or hepatic first-pass metabolism. In this study, pro-nanolipospheres were employed as a delivery vehicle for improving the oral bioavailability of the lipophilic statin, atorvastatin (ATR). Various ATR-loaded PNL formulations, composed of various pharmaceutical ingredients, were prepared by the pre-concentrate method and characterized by determining particle size, surface charge, and encapsulation efficiency. An optimized formula (ATR-PT PNL) showing the smallest particle size, highest zeta potential, and highest encapsulation efficiency was selected for further in vivo investigations. The in vivo pharmacodynamic experiments demonstrated that the optimized ATR-PT PNL formulation exerted a potent hypolipidemic effect in a Poloxamer® 407-induced hyper-lipidaemia rat model by restoring normal cholesterol and triglyceride serum levels along with alleviating serum levels of LDL while elevating serum HDL levels, compared to pure drug suspensions and marketed ATR (Lipitor®). Most importantly, oral administration of the optimized ATR-PT PNL formulation showed a dramatic increase in ATR oral bioavailability, as evinced by a 1.7- and 3.6-fold rise in systemic bioavailability when compared with oral commercial ATR suspensions (Lipitor®) and pure drug suspension, respectively. Collectively, pro-nanolipospheres might represent a promising delivery vehicle for enhancing the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs.

EVALUATION OF LIPID PROFILE AND LIVER FUNCTION PARAMETERS IN OBESE AND NON-OBESE HYPERTENSIVE INDIVIDUALS ATTENDED TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL

Objective: In this study, lipid profile parameters and liver function parameters were measured and correlated in hypertensive obese and non-obese patients who were attended a tertiary care teaching hospital.&#x0D; Methods: This study is a retrospective observational, cross-sectional study over the course of a year in a tertiary care hospital. All adult patients with hypertension, both obese and non-obese, are included in the study population. The study involved 150 participants in total, including obese and non-obese people (71 men and 79 women). Standard techniques were used to assess the serum levels of TG, TC, LDL, HDL, and liver enzymes such SGOT, SGPT, bilirubin, and ALP. Moreover, BMI was calculated for both study groups. The association between elevated lipid profile markers and liver enzyme abnormalities was assessed by correlation analysis.&#x0D; Results: Out of 150 samples size comprises 75 obese and 75 non-obese individuals, 71 males and 79 females were reported in the current study. Our study gives very good association between lipid profiles to almost all LFT and the highest is shown between HDL, LDL and VLDL to all LFT. There was a high significant difference was noticed between the obese and non-obese individuals in relation to bilirubin (D) concentration, SGOT and SGPT between the two groups P&lt;0.0001. The levels of albumin were lowered and the significant variations were noticed between the two groups. The mean values of cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides were very high in obese individuals than non-obese individuals and the HDL was lower in obese individuals.&#x0D; Conclusion: The study found that liver function variables and abnormal lipid profiles were highly prevalent in obese hypertension patients. In participants with dyslipidemia, increased liver enzymes were seen more frequently.

Effect of Vitamin E on Apoptosis of the Endothelial Cells of the Carotid Arteries in Hypercholesterolemic Male Rabbits.

Cardiovascular disease is the principal cause of mortality and morbidity in developed countries, leading to the formation of atherosclerosis plaques and thrombosis. Apoptosis of endothelial cells is one of the primary factors in vascular thrombosis. Lipids, when oxidized by endothelial cells, result in an increased thickness of the arterial wall. Iron is also recognized as an atherogenic element that induces atherosclerosis. There remains uncertainty about the antioxidative role of vitamin E in the formation of atherosclerosis. In this study, the authors evaluated the effect of iron and vitamin E on the apoptosis of endothelial cells in the carotid arteries of hypercholesterolemic male rabbits. Thirty white male rabbits were randomly divided into five groups and fed the following diet for six weeks: Group 1: control, Group 2: cholesterol (1%), Group 3: cholesterol (1%) + vitamin E (50 mg/kg), Group 4: cholesterol (1%) + Iron (50 mg/kg), and Group 5: cholesterol (1%) + vitamin E (50 mg/kg) + Iron (50 mg/kg). Serum cholesterol, TG, HDL, and LDL levels were assessed after six weeks. Finally, the animals were sacrificed with ketamine, and carotid arteries were removed. The samples were fixed in 10% formalin, and TUNEL staining was used after the tissue processing. Cell counts were carried out under a light microscope. Vitamin E decreased Serum cholesterol and apoptotic endothelial cells in the hypercholesterolemic + vitamin E diet (P< 0.05). However, they increased significantly in the interference groups compared to the control group (P< 0.05). According to our findings, vitamin E showed to have a beneficial effect on preventing cardiovascular diseases and may play a positive role in the prevention of atherosclerosis.

Antidiabetic activity of Berberis brandisiana is possibly mediated through modulation of insulin signaling pathway, inflammatory cytokines and adipocytokines in high fat diet and streptozotocin-administered rats.

Medicinal plants play a key role in protection of chronic non-communicable ailments like diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Berberis brandisiana Ahrendt (Berberidaceae) is traditionally used to treat diabetes, liver problems, wounds, arthritis, infections, swelling and tumors. It is also known to be enriched with multiple phytoconstituents including berbamine, berberine, quercetin, gallic acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, benzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, m-coumaric acid and ferulic acid. The efficacy of B. brandisiana has not been established yet in diabetes. This study has been planned to assess the antidiabetic activity of B. brandisiana in high fat diet and streptozotocin (HFD/STZ)-induced diabetes using animals. Administration of aqueous methanolic extract of B. brandisiana (AMEBB) and berbamine (Berb) for 8 weeks caused a dose dependent marked (p < 0.01) rise in serum insulin and HDL levels with a significant decline (p < 0.01) in glucose, triglycerides, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), cholesterol, LDL, LFTs and RFTs levels when compared with only HFD/STZ-administered rats. AMEBB and Berb also modulated inflammatory biomarkers (TNF-α, IL-6) and adipocytokines (leptin, adiponectin and chemerin). AMEBB (150mg/kg and 300mg/kg) and Berb (80mg/kg and 160mg/kg) treated rats showed a marked increase (p < 0.001) in catalase levels (Units/mg) in pancreas (42.4 ± 0.24, 47.4 ± 0.51), (38.2 ± 0.583, 48.6 ± 1.03) and liver (52 ± 1.41, 63.2 ± 0.51), (57.2 ± 0.58, 61.6 ± 1.24) and superoxide dismutase levels (Units/mg) in pancreas (34.8 ± 1.46, 38.2 ± 0.58), (33.2 ± 0.80, 40.4 ± 1.96) and liver (31.8 ± 1.52, 36.8 ± 0.96), (30 ± 0.70, 38.4 ± 0.81),respectively while a significant (p < 0.01) decrease in serum melondialdehyde levels (nmol/g) in pancreas (7.34 ± 0.17, 6.22 ± 0.22), (7.34 ± 0.20, 6.34 ± 0.11) and liver (9.08 ± 0.31,8.18 ± 0.29), (9.34 ± 0.10, 8.86 ± 0.24) compared to the data of only HFD/STZ-fed rats. Histopathological studies of pancreas, liver, kidney, heart and aorta revealed restoration of normal tissue architect in AMEBB and Berb treated rats. When mRNA expressions of candidate genes were assessed, AMEBB and Berb showed upregulation of IRS-1, SIRT1, GLUT-4 and downregulation of ADAM17. These findings suggest that AMEBB and Berb possess antidiabetic activity, possibly due to its effect on oxidative stress, glucose metabolism, inflammatory biomarkers and adipocytokines levels. Further upregulation of IRS-1, SIRT1, GLUT-4 and downregulation of ADAM17, demonstrated its potential impact on glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance and chronic inflammatory markers. Thus, this study provides support to the medicinal use of B. brandisiana and berbamine in diabetes.

Abstract 6486: Single nucleotide polymorphisms that predict serum cholesterol as a prostate cancer prognostic factor - a Mendelian randomization study

Abstract Introduction: Intracellular cholesterol metabolism plays an important role in prostate cancer progression and emergence of treatment resistance. However, it remains unclear whether serum cholesterol and lipoproteins are associated with prostate cancer outcomes. Studies on serum cholesterol and cancer are often confounded by lifestyle factors such as diet and obesity. A possible solution is to use instrumental variables, such as SNPs predicting serum cholesterol. According to the Mendelian randomization theory, germline SNP distribution is unaffected by confounding variables such as diet and lifestyle factors. Objective: To estimate whether SNPs that predict serum cholesterol and lipoproteins also predict mortality among a cohort of men with prostate cancer. Methods: Our study cohort consisted of 3,241 men diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1996-2015, using data collected by the Finnish Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer. Blood samples were genotyped by PRACTICAL consortium. A UCSC genome browser was utilized for selecting 85 SNPs in lipid metabolism-associated genes. Dates and causes of deaths between 1996-2015 were obtained from the Statistics Finland's statistics on causes of death. Information on serum cholesterol and lipoprotein measurements were obtained from a regional laboratory database.Scores predicting serum cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglyceride level by SNP genotype were created using linear regression and lasso regression. Risk of prostate cancer death and overall mortality by level of the SNP risk score were evaluated with multivariable-adjusted Cox regression. Follow-up started at prostate cancer diagnosis and continued until death, emigration or common closing date of Dec 31, 2015.Results: SNP score predicting total cholesterol stratified prostate cancer patients both for disease-specific (HR 1.27, 95% CI 0.49-3.28 for highest tertile vs. lowest) and overall survival (HR 1.43, 95% CI 0.94-2.20, p for trend = 0.077), albeit statistical significance was not reached. Similar survival differences were observed for SNP score predicting triglyceride level, but not for scores predicting LDL or HDL.Conclusions: SNPs predicting serum cholesterol and triglycerides are likely prognostic factors for survival of prostate cancer patients. This suggest serum cholesterol and lipoproteins areimportant in prostate cancer progression. Total cholesterol SNP scoreProstate-cancer specific survival Overall survival Citation Format: Sebastian Boele, Aino Siltari, Paavo Raittinen, Johanna Schleutker, Kimmo Taari, Kirsi Talala, Teuvo Tammela, Anssi Auvinen, Teemu J. Murtola. Single nucleotide polymorphisms that predict serum cholesterol as a prostate cancer prognostic factor - a Mendelian randomization study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 6486.

Machine learning-based prediction of cerebral hemorrhage in patients with hemodialysis: A multicenter, retrospective study.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the most serious complications in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing long-term hemodialysis. It has high mortality and disability rates and imposes a serious economic burden on the patient's family and society. An early prediction of ICH is essential for timely intervention and improving prognosis. This study aims to build an interpretable machine learning-based model to predict the risk of ICH in patients undergoing hemodialysis. The clinical data of 393 patients with end-stage kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis at three different centers between August 2014 and August 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 70% of the samples were randomly selected as the training set, and the remaining 30% were used as the validation set. Five machine learning (ML) algorithms, namely, support vector machine (SVM), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), complement Naïve Bayes (CNB), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), and logistic regression (LR), were used to develop a model to predict the risk of ICH in patients with uremia undergoing long-term hemodialysis. In addition, the area under the curve (AUC) values were evaluated to compare the performance of each algorithmic model. Global and individual interpretive analyses of the model were performed using importance ranking and Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) in the training set. A total of 73 patients undergoing hemodialysis developed spontaneous ICH among the 393 patients included in the study. The AUC of SVM, CNB, KNN, LR, and XGB models in the validation dataset were 0.725 (95% CI: 0.610 ~ 0.841), 0.797 (95% CI: 0.690 ~ 0.905), 0.675 (95% CI: 0.560 ~ 0.789), 0.922 (95% CI: 0.862 ~ 0.981), and 0.979 (95% CI: 0.953 ~ 1.000), respectively. Therefore, the XGBoost model had the best performance among the five algorithms. SHAP analysis revealed that the levels of LDL, HDL, CRP, and HGB and pre-hemodialysis blood pressure were the most important factors. The XGB model developed in this study can efficiently predict the risk of a cerebral hemorrhage in patients with uremia undergoing long-term hemodialysis and can help clinicians to make more individualized and rational clinical decisions. ICH events in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) are associated with serum LDL, HDL, CRP, HGB, and pre-hemodialysis SBP levels.

The characteristics of serum lipid spectrum in PanNENs and its correlation with clinicopathological features and prognosis.

The role of dyslipidemia in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNENs) is unclear. The aim of this study is to analyze the characteristics of serum lipid spectrum in PanNENs, and the effect of the variation in lipid profile on the development of PanNENs clinicopathological features and prognosis. All PanNENs patients between November 2012 and September 2020 in the authors' research center were identified from patient medical records and databases. A total of 185 with PanNENs patients were ultimately included in this study, including 100 nonfunctional PanNENs and 85 insulinomas. Clinicopathologic features, serum lipid level and overall survival results were retrospectively analyzed using statistical methods. In 185 PanNENs, 95 (51.4%) patients appear to have dyslipidemia. Patients with insulinoma had a lower proportion of abnormal HDL than those with nonfunctional PanNENs (10.6% vs 23%, P=0.026). The mean serum HDL levels of insulinomas were 0.131 mmol/L higher than the NF-PanNENs (1.306 ± 0.324 vs 1.175 ± 0.315, P=0.006). In multivariate logistic analysis, high levels of HDL are negatively correlated to tumor size (OR 0.233, 95% CI: 0.069-0.790, P=0.019), but HDL was not associated with pathological grade or metastasis. And a correlation has been found between hypercholesterolemia and the original location of the tumor (OR:0.224, 95%CI: 0.066-0.753, P =0.016). In addition, the outcome of the survival analysis revealed that dyslipidemia did not influence the prognosis of PanNENs patients (P>0.05). HDL was negatively correlated with the tumor size of PanNENs. The serum HDL level of insulinoma patients is higher than nonfunctional PanNENs.

The Mechanism of Kelulut Honey in Reversing Metabolic Changes in Rats Fed with High-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is composed of central obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and hypertension that increase an individual's tendency to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Kelulut honey (KH) produced by stingless bee species has a rich phenolic profile. Recent studies have demonstrated that KH could suppress components of MetS, but its mechanisms of action are unknown. A total of 18 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control rats (C group) (n = 6), MetS rats fed with a high carbohydrate high fat (HCHF) diet (HCHF group) (n = 6), and MetS rats fed with HCHF diet and treated with KH (HCHF + KH group) (n = 6). The HCHF + KH group received 1.0 g/kg/day KH via oral gavage from week 9 to 16 after HCHF diet initiation. Compared to the C group, the MetS group experienced a significant increase in body weight, body mass index, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), serum triglyceride (TG) and leptin, as well as the area and perimeter of adipocyte cells at the end of the study. The MetS group also experienced a significant decrease in serum HDL levels versus the C group. KH supplementation reversed the changes in serum TG, HDL, leptin, adiponectin and corticosterone levels, SBP, DBP, as well as adipose tissue 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11βHSD1) level, area and perimeter at the end of the study. In addition, histological observations also showed that KH administration reduced fat deposition within hepatocytes, and prevented deterioration of pancreatic islet and renal glomerulus. In conclusion, KH is effective in preventing MetS by suppressing leptin, corticosterone and 11βHSD1 levels while elevating adiponectin levels.

Ortalama Trombosit Hacmi/Trombosit Sayısı (MPV/PLT Oranı ile Periferik Arter Hastalığı Arasındaki İlişki

Background/Aim: In our study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of mean platelet volume/platelet count ratio on the development of peripheral artery disease (PAD) by comparing it with the control group. Material and Methods: A total of 115 patients with peripheral artery disease as a result of lower extremity color Doppler ultrasonography examination in our hospital were included in the study as the patient group and 100 individuals without peripheral artery disease as the control group. Results: History of coronary artery disease (p&amp;lt;0.001), diabetes mellitus (p=0.009), hypertension (p&amp;lt;0.001) and smoking history (p&amp;lt;0.001) were significantly higher in the PAD group than in the control group. Serum glucose (121.27±25.66 vs. 104.81±34.77; p&amp;lt;0.001), MPV levels (9.99±0.79 vs. 9.04±0.7; p&amp;lt;0.001) and MPV/PLT ratio (0.041±0.07 vs. 0.037±0.006, p&amp;lt; 0.001) were found to be significantly higher in the PAD group than in the control group. Serum HDL levels (45.03±11.5 vs. 48.67±12.52 p=0.026) were significantly lower in the PAD group than in the control group. In multivariate analysis, age, MPV and MPV/PLT ratio were determined as independent predictors for peripheral arterial disease. Conclusion: In our study, we found that MPV and MPV/PLT ratio were independent predictors of peripheral artery disease.

A Pilot study on thyroid status, lipid profile creatine kinase in human cardiac patients

Background: The progression of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is linked to a multitude of comorbidities, such as thyroid dysfunction, dyslipidemia. Objectives were to determine the thyroid and serum lipid profile, cholesterol, triglycerides and creatin kinase profile of CHD patients and to establish correlation between severity of cardiac disease with these two metabolic parameters.&#x0D; Methods: This was a prospective study conducted among 55 CHD patients over 1 year admitted in the department of cardiology, General Government Hospital, Bikaner.&#x0D; Results: There are 66% male and 36% female patients among the 55 study cases. Majority of the patients (54/55) exhibited higher T3 concentration, whereas one patient has low T4 value accompanied by 14 patients with high TSH value. Three patients have higher value of cholesterol with 17 patients of higher triglycerides levels. Among the patients eleven demonstrated higher creatine kinase values. &#x0D; Conclusions: The numbers of patients increasing with decreasing T3 and increasing thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) proportionate to the severity of the cardiac failure. In addition, hypothyroidism is becoming more common in people with chronic cardiac disease. Serum triglycerides, LDL and HDL levels rise statistically significantly in CHD patients.&#x0D; Keywords: Dyslipidemia, CHD, Cholesterol, triglycerides, TMB.

The effect of Curcumin on metabolic parameters and androgen level in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundConsidering the high prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women of reproductive age and the metabolic disorders associated with it, this study was conducted to determine the effects of curcumin on metabolic indices and androgen level (primary outcomes), and menstruation characteristics, and hirsutism (secondary outcomes) in women with PCOS.MethodsThis triple-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted on women with PCOS who visited the health centers at Eslamshahr County (Tehran Province-Iran) from 2020 to 2022. The participants were allocated into two groups (curcumin and placebo) using block randomization method. The treatment group received two 500 mg edible curcumin tablets together at the same time per day for twelve weeks while the control group received placebo tablets similar to curcumin. Biochemical parameters such as Fasting Blood Insulin (FBI), Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), triglyceride, total cholesterol, Low Density Lipoprotein- cholesterol (LDL-C), High Density Lipoprotein- cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured before intervention and then 3 months after the intervention. Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) and testosterone serum levels were measured 3 months after the intervention. Questionnaires regarding the menstrual cycle characteristics and the Ferriman–Gallwey score were also filled for evaluating hirsutism before the intervention as well as 3 months after the intervention. The independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and ANCOVA were used to analyze the data.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of socio-demographic and the baseline levels of measured outcomes. After 12 weeks of intervention, the mean serum FBS levels in the curcumin group were significantly lower than in the placebo group (mean difference: 6.24; 95%confidence interval: -11.73 to -0.76; P = 0.027) but there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of triglyceride (P = 0.351), cholesterol (P = 0.528), LDL (P = 0.064), HDL (P = 0.306), FBI (p = 0.929), SHBG (p = 0.682), and testosterone (p = 0.133) serum levels. After the intervention, amenorrhea and oligomenorrhea frequency in the curcumin group was significantly lower than in the placebo group (13% vs. 22%, P = 0.038). There was no significant difference in terms of duration of menstruation (P = 0.286) and hirsutism (P = 0.630) between the two groups.ConclusionCurcumin decreased FBS levels and improved menstruation characteristics (amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, and menstrual irregularities) in women with PCOS but did not affect other metabolic, hormonal, and hirsutism indices. More studies using a larger sample size are required for a definitive conclusion.Trial registrationIranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT): IRCT20120718010324N51 Date of registration: 30/11/2019. URL: https://en.irct.ir/user/trial/40597/view; Date of first registration: 30/11/2020.

Effects of Dietary Supplementation of arginine-silicate- Inositol and Phytase Complex on Egg Quality, Egg Shell Strength, and Blood Biochemical Characteristics of Laying Hens.

This study aimed to determine the effects of Arginine silicate inositol complex (ASI; Arg=49.47 %, silicone=8.2 %, inositol=25%) supplementation on egg quality, shell strength, and blood biochemical traits of laying hens, as well as the effects of substituting inositol with varying concentrations of phytase on the traits as mentioned above. 90 Lohmann Brown laying hens, 26 weeks old, were randomly distributed in 6 treatments with 3 replicates (cage) and 5 birds per replicate. The isocaloric and isonitrogenic diets are used according to the age period requirements of the Lohmann Brown Classic management guideline. The treatments were as follows: 1ST treatment T1: received basal diet without additives, T2 received basal diet +1000 mg/kg arginine-silicate mixture (49.5±8.2 % respectively), T3 received basal diet +1000 mg/kg arginine-silicate- inositol (ASI) mixture (49.5, 8.2 , 25 % respectively), T4 received basal diet +1000 mg/kg arginine-silicate mixture (49.5±8.2% respectively) +500 FTU/kg, T5 received basal diet +1000 mg/kg arginine-silicate mixture (49.5±8.2% respectively) +1000 FTU/kg and T6 received basal diet +1000 mg/kg arginine-silicate mixture (49.5±8.2% respectively) +1000 FTU/kg +2000 FTU/kg. Results indicate a significant increase (P<0.05) in the relative yolk weight in T4, T5, and T6 (26.93, 26.83, 26.77%) compared to T1 (25.84%) and a significant increase (P≤ 0.05) in T4, T5 compared to T3 (26.02%), while no differences observed between T2 (26.17%) compared to other experimental treatments. The relative albumin weight significantly decreased (P≤0.05) in phytase supplementation treatments T4, T5, and T6 (63.21, 63.05, 63.22%) compared to T1, T2, T3 (64.99, 64.30, 64.08%), while a significant decrease (P≤0.05) observed in T3 compared to T1. The relative shell weight significantly increased (P≤0.05) in T3, T4, T5, and T6 (9.90, 9.86, 10.12, 10.02%), respectively, compared to T1, T2 (9.17, 9.53%) with a significant increase (P≤0.05) in relative shell weight in T2 compared to T1. The eggshell thickness significantly increased (P≤0.05) in T3, T4, T5, T6 treatments (0.409, 0.408, 0.411, 0.413 mm), respectively compared to T1, T2 (0.384, 0.391 mm). A significant increased (P≤0.05) was observed in eggshell thickness in T2 compared to T1. A significant increase (P≤0.05) was observed in the egg shell breaking strength in T3 and T5 treatments (59.40, 58.83) compared to T1 and T2 (46.20, 48.23). No significant differences were observed between T4 and T6 (53.90, 53.57) compared to other experimental treatments. Non HDL, calcium, and phosphorus levels in blood serum significantly increased (P≤0.05) in T3, T4, T5, and T6 treatments compared to T1 and T2 treatments.

C-REACTIVE PROTEIN AND ADIPOSITY IN WOMEN WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME

C- reactive protein (CRP) is one of the biomarkers that elevated in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). PCOS is the most common endocrine disorder, affecting 5-10% of women at reproductive age. It is also called hyperandrogenic anovulation (HA) due to a hormones imbalance in women. Risk factors that predisposing to PCOS including; obesity, decreased physical exercise and family history with PCOS. This syndrome is characterized by overproduction of androgen and ovulatory dysfunction which are accompanied by many clinical and biochemical features including hirsutism, acne, ovary cysts, menstrual irregularities, obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia and glucose intolerance. This study was aimed to: 1. measure serum levels of CRP, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL, VHDL, in addition to calculate Body Mass Index (BMI), in women with PCOS and to compare the results with that of healthy women (Controls). 2. Compare serum CRP, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL and VHDL in normal weight women patients with BMI matched controls. 3. Compare serum CRP, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL and VHDL in obese women patients with BMI matched controls. The present study includes thirty (30) women with PCOS and thirty (30) healthy women served as control. All subjects' age range was between 15 to 40 years, then each group classified into two subgroups depending on BMI. Blood samples were collected and serum was obtained to measure CRP and lipid profile. Polycystic ovarian women group exhibited significantly increased serum levels of CRP (p= 0.001), cholesterol (p= 0.009), triglyceride (p=0.0001) and LDL (p= 0.0001) when compared to healthy control group. BMI also increased in polycystic ovarian women group although it is statistically not significant when compared to controls. Moreover, the serum levels of LDL and HDL in polycystic ovarian women showed non statistical differences when compared to the controls. Our results indicated that CRP is one of biomarkers in obese women with PCOS. Its high level associated with adiposity rather than PCOS itself. PCOS has negative impact on lipid metabolism in normal body weight women and adiposity is played important role in pathogenesis of lipid abnormality in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. We concluded from this study that obese women with PCOS having high CRP therefore are more prone to dyslipidemia (atherogenic) and they should routinely screen to prevent further metabolic and cardiac diseases.

Osteocalcin and Metabolic Syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome which is a syndrome complex that is associated with insulin resistance. Osteocalcin (OC), a bone derived protein has been found to decrease insulin resistance and stimulate production of insulin from the pancreas. Serum osteocalcin levels correlate with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. Thus, serum osteocalcin levels in metabolic syndrome could potentially be a new area to explore therapeutically. However, its role in clinical practice needs to be established. We conducted a cross-sectional study on patients, who visited Kasturba Hospital, Manipal between September 2018 and September 2020, to study the relationship between Serum Osteocalcin and the parameters of metabolic syndrome. All patients above the age of 18 years who satisfied the NCEP-ATP III guidelines (Asian adaptation) for metabolic syndrome were considered for the study. Patients who had thyroid and parathyroid disorders, bone malignancies, osteoporosis, liver failure and renal dysfunction were excluded. A total of 115 subjects were analyzed. As serum osteoclacin increased, there was a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose levels (r = -.748, P < .05) and a significant increase in serum HDL levels (r = .617, P < .01). There was no correlation found between serum osteocalcin and BMI/waist circumference in this study. Finally, it was observed that individuals with fewer components of metabolic syndrome had a significantly higher serum osteocalcin when compared with individuals with a higher number of components of metabolic syndrome (P < .01). This data further confirmed the association between serum OC and parameters of metabolic syndrome such as FBS and serum HDL. It also found that increased serum OC was associated with fewer components of the metabolic syndrome indicating that OC could have a positive metabolic impact and may prevent atherosclerotic risk.

Diagnostic Value of ATG5, Apo-Lipoprotein B-48, Thyroid Hormones, and Homocysteine in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. In this study, serum levels of autophagy-related 5 (ATG5), apolipoprotein B-48, thyroid hormones, and homocysteine were examined in patients with AD to determine their diagnostic and predictive value for early diagnosis and prevention of AD. For this study, fifty serum samples were obtained from patients with AD and fifty serum samples from healthy controls. Serum levels of ATG 5, apo B48, thyroid hormones, homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folic acid were determined by ELISA. Spectrophotometry was used to determine serum lipid concentrations. The mean age of the case group was 69 ± 6.4 years and that of the control group was 67 ± 4.2 years. There were differences between the control and case groups in serum levels of homocysteine, apo B48, ATG5, hsCRP, LDL, HDL, cholesterol, and VitB12 (p < 0.05). According to the results of the ROC curve, measurements of serum levels of ATG5, homocysteine, and apo B48 have excellent performance in distinguishing patients with Alzheimer's disease from patients without AD. This study suggests that the measurement of serum levels of ATG5, homocysteine, and apo B48, along with other available biomarkers, can be helpful in the diagnosis and management of patients with AD in the early stages of their disease.

Lipid Profile and Cd4+ - T – Lymphocytes Counts in Naïve Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Pre – Menopausal Females.

This study was aimed at determining the serum lipid levels in naive HIVinfected pre – menopausal females and in the progression of HIV/AIDS. In a bid to determine lipid abnormalities or otherwise in naïve HIV – infected pre-menopausal females, 80 HIV- positive females aged between twenty to thirty five years at the PEPFAR, HIV clinic, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital(UNTH), Enugu and 80 apparently healthy non-HIV positive agematched female volunteers that served as the control group were studied. The medical Ethical Committee of the UNTH, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, approved the study protocol and the patients’ informed consents were obtained prior to sample collection. The blood samples were collected using standard methods. HIV re-screening and confirmation were carried out using WHO HIV test algorithm. Automated method using Flow cytometry was used for the enumeration of CD4+ T Lymphocytes while lipid profile of the test subjects and the control group were carried out using standard methods. The results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. The data were analyzed using graph pad Instat version 3.01, Graph pad software, San Diego, California, USA. The test of significance was based on probability (p) values of &lt; 0.05. Comparisons between groups were performed using One-way-ANOVA, Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test and student ttests depending on the number of variables. Serum total cholesterol, HDL and LDL levels of the patients were significantly lower (P &lt; 0.05) than the control groups and all decreased progressively with the progression of HIV/AIDS. However, triacylglylerols and VLDL levels were significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) than the controls and all increased with the progression of HIV/AIDS.