HD Group Research Articles

Muscle oxygen supply impairment during maximal exercise in patients undergoing dialysis therapy

This study aimed to investigate whether Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) influences O2 supply including O2 delivery and release to the active muscles during maximal physical exercise. Twelve CKD patients undergoing dialysis therapy (HD group) and twelve healthy adults (CTR group) performed an incremental exercise test to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO2peak). Throughout the exercise, near-infrared spectroscopy allowed the investigation of changes in oxyhemoglobin (∆O2Hb), deoxyhemoglobin (∆HHb), and total hemoglobin (∆THb) in the vastus lateralis muscle. VO2peak was significantly lower in HD group. In addition, HD patients had impaired changes in muscular oxygenation (∆HHb and ∆O2Hb) and blood volume (∆THb) during the exercise (p < 0.05). Moreover, a positive correlation was observed between VO2peak and muscle blood volume (∆THb) in both groups (p < 0.05). This study provides the first evidence that HD patients displayed lower VO2peak and blunted muscular deoxyhemoglobin increase during exercise. This result supports the hypothesis of an increase in oxygen affinity and/or mitochondrial dysfunction in this population.

Dynamics of oxidative stress and immune responses in neonatal calves during diarrhea

Oxidative stress is the imbalanced redox status between oxidant production and their scavengers leading to intestinal physiological dysfunction. However, the role of systemic and local oxidative status during neonatal calf diarrhea is not known. This study assessed systemic (serum) and local (fecal) oxidative status when calves either naturally developed diarrhea or naturally recovered. Healthy calves were enrolled in the study at d 18 of age, and their health status was monitored from the enrollment. Based on their enteric health status on d 21 and 28, calves were grouped as continuous diarrhea from d 21 to 28 (n = 14), diarrhea at d 21 but recovered at d 28 (DH group, n = 19), healthy at d 21 but developed diarrhea at d 28 (HD group, n = 15), and healthy throughout the study (HH group, n = 16). Serum and fecal samples were collected at d 21 and 28 from all calves in the morning 2 h after feeding. Dynamics of oxidative stress indicators including reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHDG), glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity and inflammatory indicators TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γ were evaluated using serum samples. In addition, fecal oxidative stress indicators ROS and MDA were measured. Serum ROS, MDA, 8-OHDG, as well as fecal ROS and MDA, were higher, whereas serum CAT and H2O2 were lower in diarrheic calves than those of healthy calves. Serum ROS, MDA, and 8OHDG and fecal ROS and MDA increased in the HD group from d 21 to 28 as they developed diarrhea. In contrast, all these oxidative stress markers decreased in the DH group from d 21 to 28 as they recovered. However, serum H2O2 had an opposite changing trend, which became lower in the HD group and higher in the DH group at d 28. In conclusion, both systemic and local oxidative stress markers and cytokine profiles altered as calves moved from being healthy to having diarrhea or vice versa. Serum ROS, MDA, and 8-OHDG can be used to develop biomarkers to screen calves prone to enteric infections during the preweaning period.

Metabolomics and transcriptomics based multi-omics integration reveals radiation-induced altered pathway networking and underlying mechanism

Recent advancement in integrated multi-omics has significantly contributed to many areas of the biomedical field. Radiation research has also grasped uprising omics technologies in biomarker identification to aid in triage management. Herein, we have used a combinatorial multi-omics approach based on transcriptomics together with metabolomics and lipidomics of blood from murine exposed to 1 Gy (LD) and 7.5 Gy (HD) of total-body irradiation (TBI) for a comprehensive understanding of biological processes through integrated pathways and networking. Both omics displayed demarcation of HD group from controls using multivariate analysis. Dysregulated amino acids, various PC, PE and carnitine were observed along with many dysregulated genes (Nos2, Hmgcs2, Oxct2a, etc.). Joint-Pathway Analysis and STITCH interaction showed radiation exposure resulted in changes in amino acid, carbohydrate, lipid, nucleotide, and fatty acid metabolism. Elicited immune response was also observed by Gene Ontology. BioPAN has predicted Elovl5, Elovl6 and Fads2 for fatty acid pathways, only in HD group. Collectively, the combined omics approach facilitated a better understanding of processes uncovering metabolic pathways. Presumably, this is the first in radiation metabolomics that utilized an integrated omics approach following TBI in mice. Our work showed that omics integration could be a valuable tool for better comprehending the mechanism as well as molecular interactions.

Vitamin D improves the antidiabetic effectiveness of aerobic training via modulation of Akt, PEPCK, and G6Pase expression

BackgroundAlthough the effect of Vitamin D Supplementation (Vit D) on several chronic diseases has been well conceded, its role in diabetes remains ambiguous. The present study investigated the interactive effects of Aerobic Training (AT) and different Vit D doses on Protein Kinase B (Akt), Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase (PEPCK), and Glucose-6-Phosphatase (G6Pase) protein expressions in hepatocytes of type-2 diabetic rats.MethodsFifty-six male Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups SHAM (non-diabetic control; n = 8), and diabetic (n = 48). Then, diabetic rats were divided into six groups: AT with high doses of Vit D (D + AT + HD), AT with moderate doses of Vit D (D + AT + MD), high doses of Vit D (D + HD), moderate doses of Vit D (D + MD), AT receiving vehicle (sesame oil; D + AT + oil), and control (oil-receiving). D + AT + HD and D + HD groups received 10,000 IU of Vit D; while D + AT + MD and D + MD groups receive 5000 IU of Vit D once a week by injection; D + AT + oil and SHAM groups received sesame oil. Diabetes was induced via intraperitoneal (IP) injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg body weight). After 2 months of intervention, serum insulin, glucose, and visceral fat were measured; protein expressions of Akt, PEPCK, and G6Pase were assessed by western blotting. The paired t-test, one-way analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA), and the Tukey post hoc test were used at the signification level of P < 0.05.ResultsOur data indicate that the diabeticization of rats increased the level of insulin, glucose, and PEPCK and G6Pase protein expressions and decreased the expression of the Akt (P < 0.05 for all variables). Combined AT and moderate or high Vit D significantly reduced body weight (P = 0.001; P = 0.001), body mass index (P = 0.001; P = 0.002), food intake (P = 0.001; P = 0.001) comparing the pre-test with the post-test, respectively. Also, AT and either high or moderate Vit D alone therapies lead to the improvement of the metabolic state, however, their combination had a more significant effect on the treatment of type 2 diabetes.ConclusionsFindings from the present study suggested that combined Vit D supplementation and AT successfully improve liver function and attenuate insulin resistance via upregulating Akt and downregulating PEPCK and G6Pase expressions, compared with monotherapy.

Effects of high stocking density on growth performance and expression of MyD88, and its temporal expression under the challenge of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the noble scallop Chlamys nobilis

High stocking density has been regarded as an adverse factor in bivalve aquaculture. However, its subsequent molecular response to pathogenic bacteria has been little studied. In order to study the question, a novel MyD88 was first cloned using adult noble scallops Chlamys nobilis (CnMyD88), and its tissue distribution was investigated. Then, 1860 juvenile scallops were divided into two groups with two initial densities of high density (200 individuals/layer, HD) and normal density (110 individuals/layer, ND) and in-situ cultured for three months, in which their growth, survival, and the differential expression of CnMyD88 were examined, respectively. Finally, scallops were injected with the Vibrio parahaemolyticus to assess the temporal expression of CnMyD88. As the results show, CnMyD88 cDNA has a full length of 2241 bp and contains an 1107 bp ORF that encodes a 368-derived protein. It was widely expressed in examined tissues with a significantly higher level in hemolymph, intestine, mantle, and gonad than others. Besides, the HD group showed lower growth (0.39 ± 0.05 mm/day) and survival (37.00 ± 8.49%) than the ND group (0.55 ± 0.02 mm/day and 76.82 ± 5.78%). More importantly, the HD group exhibited significantly lower expression levels of CnMyD88 in their examined tissues than the ND group. After V. parahaemolyticus challenging, CnMyD88 had significantly lower expression levels in the scallops from the HD group than that of the scallops from the ND group at 6th, 24th, and 36th. The present results indicated that high stocking density not only made adverse impacts on growth and survival but also may induce immunosuppression in the noble scallop. Therefore, appropriate low stocking density may be worth considering to adopt in scallop aquaculture.

The benefits of nurturing care interventions on early child development and care: findings from a quasi-experimental study in a humanitarian setting

BackgroundThe study objective was to determine if a nurturing care parenting intervention delivered in a humanitarian setting in Rwanda would benefit early development, learning, and care outcomes for young children under five years and their caregivers compared to standard care.MethodologyRwanda’s Mugombwa, Kansi, and Kigeme refugee camps and host communities implemented the parenting program. Via a quasi-experimental research design, the study assessed the effects of intervention delivered as a high dose (HD: 12 group sessions and four home visits) or low dose (LD: 6 group sessions and two home visits) on child and caregiver outcomes compared to the control group from similar settings receiving standard care. The Ages and Stages Questionnaires-3 (ASQ-3) assessed child development outcomes. The Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey questionnaire assessed parenting practices concerning early learning and stimulation.FindingsThe assessment included 733 children and families in total: HD = 314, LD = 240, control = 179. The researchers found no significant difference in child development scores between the intervention and control groups. Significantly higher proportion of caregivers exposed to HD and LD packages had engaged in early learning and stimulation practices compared to the control group, respectively, with 211(67.2%), 148 (61.7%) vs. 66 (36.9%), p < 0.001 caregivers engaged in 4 or more activities in the past three days. Similarly, on responsive feeding items, a higher percentage of HD and LD group caregivers were engaged in positive behaviours compared to the control group: 164 (52.2%), 108 (45%) vs. 62 (34.6%), p = 0.001. The study found no difference between the study arms regarding caregiver mental health.ConclusionParenting programmes in humanitarian settings can improve nurturing care practices, even with a low dose, which is essential to strengthening children’s resilience in at-risk conditions. Further studies in humanitarian contexts are crucial to understand the implementation needs in sensitive contexts.

High Flux versus Hemodiafiltration in Removal of Indoxyl Sulphate

Abstract Background protein-bound compounds such as the p-cresol conjugates p-cresyl sulphate (p-CS) and Indoxyl sulphate (IS) have attracted most interest in recent years due to their poor clearance by conventional dialysis and their potential toxicity. Aim of the Study To compare removal of indoxyl sulphate toxin during single session between low flux, high flux hemodialysis and hemodiafiltration. Methods Cross sectional study was concluded upon 60 randomly selected ESRD patients on regular hemodialysis from nephrology Department in Ain Shams University Hospitals. Serum indoxyl sulphate was measured (pre dialysis and post dialysis) using low flux, high flux hemodialysis and hemodiafiltration. Results 60 test subjects were randomly selected had mean age 43.95 (±11.91 years) in low flux HD group, 48.35 (±13.25 years) in high flux HD group and 45.10 (±18.56 years) in HDF group, were males 66.67 % (n = 40) and females 33.33% (n = 20). The mean indoxyl sulphate reduction ratio using low flux filter was 13.5% (±9.52), using high flux 19.7% (±14.31) and in hemodiafiltration 24.2% (±10.73). There was a statistically significant difference between low flux HD group and HDF group as regard indoxyl sulphate reduction ratio (P value 0.015). There was no statistically significant difference between high flux HD group and HDF group as regard indoxyl sulphate reduction ratio. Conclusion Removal of indoxyl sulphate by hemodiafiltration is higher than hemodialysis using low flux membrane and there is no difference between hemodiafiltration and high flux hemodialysis.

HUC-MSC transplantation therapy effects on lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice at early disease stages

BackgroundThe efficacy of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC) transplantation in treating systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been confirmed by small-scale clinical trials. However, these trials focused on severe or refractory SLE, while few studies focused on mild SLE. Therefore, this study focused on the therapeutic effects of hUC-MSC transplantation in early-stage or mild MRL/lpr lupus model mice.MethodsCommercially available hUC-MSCs were transplanted into 8-week-old MRL/lpr mice by tail vein injection. Flow cytometry was used to analyze B cells and their subsets in the peripheral blood. Further, plasma inflammatory factors, autoantibodies, and plasma biochemical indices were detected using protein chip technology and ELISA kits. In addition, pathological staining and immunofluorescence were performed to detect kidney injury in mice.ResultshUC-MSC transplantation did not affect the mice’s body weight, and both middle and high dose hUC-MSC transplantation (MD and HD group) actually reduced spleen weight. hUC-MSC transplantation significantly decreased the proportion of plasmablasts (PB), IgG1− PB, IgG1+ PB, IgG1+ memory B (MB) cells, IgG1+ DN MB, and IgG1+ SP MB cells. The hUC-MSC transplantation had significantly reduced plasma levels of inflammatory factors, such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-13. Pathological staining showed that the infiltration of glomerular inflammatory cells was significantly reduced and that the level of glomerular fibrosis was significantly alleviated in hUC-MSC-transplanted mice. Immunofluorescence assays showed that the deposition of IgG and IgM antibodies in the kidneys of hUC-MSC-transplanted mice was significantly lower than in the control.ConclusionhUC-MSC transplantation could inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of peripheral blood B cells in the early-stage of MRL/lpr mice, thereby alleviating the plasma inflammatory environment in mice, leading to kidney injury remission. The study provides a new and feasible strategy for SLE treatment.

Neural oscillations modulation during working memory in pre-manifest and early Huntington’s disease

IntroductionWe recently demonstrated specific spectral signatures associated with updating of memory information, working memory (WM) maintenance and readout, with relatively high spatial resolution by means of high-density electroencephalography (hdEEG). WM is impaired already in early symptomatic HD (early-HD) and in pre-manifest HD (pre-HD). The aim of this study was to test whether hdEEG coupled to source localization allows for the identification of neuronal oscillations in specific frequency bands in 16 pre-HD and early-HD during different phases of a WM task. MethodsWe examined modulation of neural oscillations by event-related synchronization and desynchronization (ERS/ERD) of θ, β, gamma low, γLOW and γHIGH EEG bands in a-priori selected large fronto-parietal network, including the insula and the cerebellum. ResultsWe found: (i) Reduced θ oscillations in HD with respect to controls in almost all the areas of the WM network during the update and readout phases; (ii) Modulation of β oscillations, which increased during the maintenance phase of the WM task in both groups; (iii) correlation of γHIGH oscillations during WM task with disease burden score in HD patients. ConclusionsOur data show reduced phase-specific modulation of oscillations in pre-HD and early-HD, even in the presence of preserved dynamic of modulation. Particularly, reduced synchronization in the θ band in the areas of the WM network, consistent with abnormal long-range coordination of neuronal activity within this network, was found in update and readout phases in HD groups.

Immunoregulatory and Anti-cancer Activities of Combination Treatment of Novel Four-Herb Formula and Doxorubicin in 4T1-Breast Cancer Bearing Mice.

To investigate the in vivo immunomodulatory and anti-tumor mechanisms of the combined treatment of novel Four-Herb formula (4HF) and doxorubicin in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Murine-derived triple-negative mammary carcinoma cell line, 4T1 cells, was cultured and inoculated into mouse mammary glands. Sixty-six mice were randomly assigned into 6 groups (n=11 in ench): naïve, control, LD 4HF (low dose 4HF), HD 4HF (high dose 4HF), LD 4HF + D (low dose and doxorubicin), and D (doxorubicin). Apart from the naïve group, each mouse received subcutaneous inoculation with 5 × 105 4T1 cells resuspended in 100 µL of normal saline in the mammary fat pads. Starting from the day of tumor cell inoculation, tumors were grown for 6 days. The LD and HD groups received daily oral gavage of 658 and 2,630 mg/kg 4HF, respectively. The LD 4HF+D group received daily oral gavage of 658 mg/kg 4HF and weekly intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin (5 mg/kg). The D group received weekly intraperitoneal injections of doxorubicin (5 mg/kg). The treatment naïve mice received daily oral gavage of 0.2 mL double distilled water and 0.1 mL normal saline via intraperitoneal injection once a week. The control group received daily oral gavage of 0.2 mL double-distilled water. The treatment period was 30 days. At the end of treatment, mice organs were harvested to analyze immunological activities via immunophenotyping, gene and multiplex analysis, histological staining, and gut microbiota analysis. Mice treated with the combination of 4HF and doxorubicin resulted in significantly reduced tumor and spleen burdens (P<0.05), altered the hypoxia and overall immune lymphocyte landscape, and manipulated gut microbiota to favor the anti-tumor immunological activities. Moreover, immunosuppressive genes, cytokines, and chemokines such as C-C motif chemokine 2 and interleukin-10 of tumors were significantly downregulated (P<0.05). 4HF-doxorubicin combination treatment demonstrated synergetic activities and was most effective in activating the anti-tumor immune response (P<0.05). The above results provide evidence for evaluating the immune regulating mechanisms of 4HF in breast cancer and support its clinical significance in its potential as an adjunctive therapeutic agent or immune supplement.

Does hip muscle strength and functional performance differ between football players with and without hip dysplasia?

ObjectiveTo compare hip muscle strength and functional performance in football players with and without hip dysplasia and investigate if the relationships were modified by sex. DesignCross-sectional study. MethodsThis study compared football players with hip dysplasia (HD group) and without hip dysplasia (control group). Hip muscle strength (Nm/kg) and functional task performance were assessed in both groups. Linear regression with generalized estimating equations were used to assess differences between groups. Sex was assessed as a potential effect modifier. Results101 football players were included (HD group, n = 50, control group, n = 51). There was no difference in hip muscle strength or functional performance between the HD group and the control group. Results ranged from hip extension strength (Estimate −0.13.95%CI: 0.29 to 0.02, P = 0.087) to hip external rotation strength (Estimate 0.00.95%CI: 0.05 to 0.05, P = 0.918). No relationships were modified by sex or age. ConclusionsSimilar levels of hip muscle strength and functional performance were found in active football players with and without hip dysplasia. These findings differ from other studies. This may be due to our cohort having less advanced hip dysplasia than the surgical populations that have been previously investigated, or due to a beneficial effect of football participation on muscle strength and functional performance in people with hip dysplasia.

The influence of different sugammadex doses on neural tube development in early-stage chick embryos.

Sugammadex is a modified gamma-cyclodextrin that has been developed with the goal of reversing the steroidal neuromuscular blocking agents. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of different sugammadex doses on embryologic and neural tube development in an early-stage chick embryo model. A total of 100 specific pathogen-free, fertilized domestic chicken eggs were randomly divided into five groups (n = 20, each), and placed in an automatic cycle incubator. The eggs in the "control (C)" group were incubated without administration of any drug till the end of the experiment. Sub-blastodermic administration of 0.9% NaCl as vehicle control (VC) and different doses of sugammadex solutions prepared with the latter [2 mg/mL (LD), 4 mg/mL (MD), 16 mg/mL (HD)] were performed at 30 hr of incubation. All embryos were removed from the eggs at 72 hr when they were expected to reach Hamburger-Hamilton (HH) stages 19-20, then they were fixed, and evaluated histo-morphologically. Embryonic development was not observed in 11 eggs (1 in C, 1 in VC; 3 in LD, 3 in MD, and 3 in HD). All the developed embryos were compatible with the HH stages 19-20. A neural tube closure defect was detected in one embryo in the HD group. No statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of embryonic and neural tube developments. No significant association was found between the drug and adverse outcomes; however, a trend with dosing was seen. Further studies are required before conclude on safety and extrapolate these results to human beings.

Assessing the effects of piglet behavior, diet supplementation, and lesion score breeding values of sires on behavior pattern in weaned pigs

The aim of the present study was to study effects of feeding in terms of a herbal diet supplement (HD; basal diet plus a supplement with chicory herbs), of early piglet backtest scores and of relative breeding values for skin lesions (RBV-LS) on behavior pattern of weaned pigs during the post-weaning period. In this regard, we implemented a balanced research design, allowing a semi-randomized allocation of pigs in groups with a very similar number of observations for all sub-cells of diet x backtest score x RBV-LS class combinations. With regard to backtest scores, piglets were classified as high-resisting (HR), low-resisting (LR) or intermediate-resisting (IR). RBV-LS were estimated for the sires based on skin lesions from 993 offspring. The sires were categorized into 2 groups with RBV-LS > 100 (favorable genetic value indicating only a few or no lesions) or RBV-LS ≤ 100 (indicating a large number or severe lesions). Video images were analyzed one day after weaning and 5 weeks later, and considered 300 min per monitoring date for the 8 different possible behavior traits resting time (REST), body contact (BCON), initiating fights (IFIGHT), fighting (FIGHT), refusing of fights (RFIGHT), ear or tail biting (BITE), explorative behavior (EXPLORE) and remaining activities (RACT). Finally, 104 pigs with complete observations over the total video monitoring time at both recording dates, and with complete observations for the explanatory variables sire RBV-LS, backtest score and feeding group, were considered for ongoing association studies. The 104 pigs were crosses from matings of Piétrain boars with German Landrace or German Edelschwein sows. The 104 pigs were offspring of 9 different boars (sire lines). Effects of feeding, backtest score and RBV-LS class on video behaviors were inferred via mixed model analyses, implying 8 different runs for the 8 video behavior traits. Least squares means (lsmeans) significantly (P < 0.05) differed between HD and the control feeding group (CON) for FIGHT and BITE, with longer durations of aggressive behavior for CON pigs. Vice versa, lsmeans for REST indicating calm behavior were larger for the HD group. Pigs classified as HR piglets were more aggressive than the LR and IR contemporaries, with significantly higher lsmeans for FIGHT, BITE and EXPLORE. The pigs allocated to the sire RBV-LS > 100 group had significantly (P < 0.05) longer durations for REST and RFIGHT. Vice versa, pigs allocated to the sire RBV-LS ≤ 100 groups spent more with aggressive behavior in terms of BITE and FIGHT. Consequently, boar RBV-LS were favorably correlated with REST, IFIGHT and RACT. In conclusion, the early piglet backtest scores as well as breeding values from a victim perspective (lesion scores) can be used as indicator traits for selection against aggressiveness. Nevertheless, results from the present study are first indications and breeding value correlations are approximations in this regard, which should be validated in ongoing studies based on larger datasets via real genetic correlation estimates between actor and victim traits, and considering social interactions and interactions between all fixed effects simultaneously.

Pretransplant Renal Dysfunction Negatively Affects Prognosis After Living Donor Liver Transplantation: A Single-Center Retrospective Study

To evaluate the influence of preoperative renal function on prognosis after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Living donor liver transplantation cases were categorized into 3 groups as follows: renal failure with hemodialysis (HD; n=42), renal dysfunction (RD; n=94) (glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2), and normal renal function (NF; n=421). The study used no prisoners, and participants were neither coerced nor paid. The manuscript complies with the Helsinki Congress and the Declaration of Istanbul. Five-year overall survival (OS) rates were 59.0%, 69.3%, and 80.0% in the HD, RD, and NF groups, respectively (P < .01). The frequency of bacteremia within 90 days after LDLT was 76.2%, 37.2%, and 34.7%, respectively (P < .01 in HD vs RD and HD vs NF). Patients with bacteremia showed a worse outcome than those without (1-year OS, 65.6% vs 93.3%), thus corroborating the poor prognosis in the HD group. The high frequency of bacteremia in the HD group was mainly attributable to health care-associated bacterium, such as coagulase-negative Staphylococci, Enterococcus spp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In the HD group, HD was started within 50 days before LDLT for acute renal failure in 35 patients, of which 29 (82.9%) successfully withdrew from HD after LDLT and demonstrated better prognosis (1-year OS, 69.0% vs 16.7%) than those who continued HD. Preoperative renal dysfunction is associated with poor prognosis after LDLT, possibly due to a high incidence of health care-associated bacteremia.

Evaluation of the Various Oral Candida Species among Patients on Hemodialysis: A Clinical Study.

Oral candidiasis develops as a result of an opportunistic infection. In patients on hemodialysis who may be immune-compromised, candida can change from a commensal to a pathogen. Identification and classification of Candida species are crucial for the treatment of these patients. To distinguish between distinct species of candida found in hemodialysis patients with chronic renal failure's oral cavity. A total of 100 people were investigated, including 50 patients with "Chronic Renal Failure (CRF)" on hemodialysis and 50 healthy controls. Using "Sabouraud's Dextrose Agar (SDA)" and "CHROM Agar Culture Media", salivary samples were incubated for 24, 48, or 72 hours at 37°C to develop candida species. Colony forming units/milliliter, a unit of measurement for colonies, were counted and calculated (CFU). On SDA and CHROM agar medium, positive candidal growth was seen in the CRF with HD and Control Groups. There was a significant variance in the growth and the subspecies distribution of the colonies among the groups. The most common species was c.albicans followed by c. cruzi and tropical. Other subspecies were negligible. The number of colonies was also greater than 400 CFU in the majority of the dialysis subjects, while it was only 200 CFU for the majority of the controls. Patients with chronic renal failure receiving hemodialysis showed significantly higher levels of candida isolation and differentiation than healthy individuals (P 0.05).

#4597 REDUCED VO2PEAK IN PATIENTS WITH END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE: UNVEILING THE HIDDEN IMPLICATION OF CEREBRAL AND MUSCULAR HEMODYNAMICS

Abstract Background and Aims Aerobic fitness, as reflected by maximal oxygen (O2) uptake (VO2peak), is impaired in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. The mechanisms underlying this impairment remain to be explored. This study aimed to investigate whether CKD influence O2 supply including O2 delivery and release to the brain and active muscles during maximal physical exercise. Method Twenty three male undergoing dialysis therapy (HD group) and twenty three healthy males (CTR group) performed exhaustive incremental exercise to determine VO2peak. Throughout the exercise, near-infrared spectroscopy allowed investigation of changes oxyhemoglobin (∆O2Hb), deoxyhemoglobin (∆HHb), and total hemoglobin (∆THb) in the prefrontal cortex and in the vastus lateralis muscle. Results VO2peak was significantly lower in HD group compared to CTR. Muscular ∆HHb changes was impaired in HD patients (Figure 1). Increase in ∆THb (i.e., muscle blood volume) was significantly blunted in HD in both muscular and cerebral side (Figure 1 and 2). Also, HD patients had impaired changes in ∆O2Hb during the exercise compared to CTR group (Figure 1 and 2). A positive correlation has been observed between VO2peak and muscular blood colume (∆THb) for both groups. Conclusion HD patients displayed lower VO2peak that could be linked, in part, to impaired muscular hemodynamics responses during the exercise. Furthermore, reduced exercise muscle and brain blood volume may warm clinicians of brain endothelial or microcirculation dysfunction in HD population occurring even before overt microangiopathy.

Proctological disorders: psychometrics assessment of personality features and clinical evaluation.

Patients with gastrointestinal diseases have been shown to report greater stress, anxiety, depression and obsessive-compulsive characteristics. The aim of our study is to investigate personality characteristics and general distress of adult patients suffering from common coloproctological conditions. We conducted a retrospective observational study including patients aged 18years or older, with diagnosis of haemorrhoidal disease (HD group) or anal fissure (AF group). The final sample was composed of 64 participants, who were asked to complete a battery of questionnaires. They were compared with a control group of healthy volunteers. In terms of general distress, HD group scored higher than both the CG and AF groups. The two proctological groups had higher scores in neuroticism/emotional lability compared to the CG group. In the MOCQ-R scale (obsessive-compulsive tendency), HD group had significantly higher scores compared to the CG group in the total score (p < 0.01,) and also scored higher in the doubting/ruminating subscale compared to the AF group. We support the importance of taking a multidisciplinary perspective and incorporating psychometric tools to assess the psychological and personality dimensions of patients into proctological clinical practice. The correct early evaluation and management of these conditions may result in an improvement in patients' quality of life and better response to treatment.

Lack of Association of Initial Vasopressor Dosing with Survival and Cardiac Re-Arrest Likelihood After Return of Spontaneous Circulation

BackgroundCardiac arrest occurs in approximately 350,000 patients outside the hospital and approximately 30,000 patients in the emergency department (ED) annually in the United States. When return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) is achieved, hypotension is a common complication. However, optimal dosing of vasopressors is not clear. ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine if initial vasopressor dosing was associated with cardiac re-arrest in patients after ROSC. MethodsThis was a retrospective, single-center analysis of adult patients experiencing cardiac arrest prior to arrival or within the ED. Patients were assigned to one of four groups based on starting dose of vasopressor: low dose (LD; < 0.25 µg/kg/min), medium dose (MD; 0.25–0.49 µg/kg/min), high dose (HD; 0.5–0.99 µg/kg/min), and very high dose (VHD; ≥ 1 µg/kg/min). Data collection was performed primarily via manual chart review of medical records. The primary outcome was incidence of cardiac re-arrest within 1 h of vasopressor initiation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify any covariates strongly associated with the primary outcome. ResultsNo difference in cardiac re-arrest incidence was noted between groups. The VHD group was significantly more likely to require a second vasopressor (p = 0.003). The HD group had lower survival rates to hospital discharge compared with the LD and MD groups (p = 0.0033 and p = 0.0147). In the multivariate regression, longer duration of pre-vasopressor re-arrests and hyperkalemic cardiac arrest etiology were significant predictors of cardiac re-arrest after vasopressor initiation. ConclusionsInitial vasopressor dosing was not found to be associated with risk of cardiac re-arrest or, conversely, risk of adverse events.

Holding your liquor: Comparison of alcohol-induced psychomotor impairment in drinkers with and without alcohol use disorder.

Behavioral tolerance to alcohol underscores the widely accepted notion that individuals who regularly drink alcohol become less sensitive to its impairing effects. However, previous research assessing alcohol-induced impairment in humans has primarily focused on social drinkers. This has limited our understanding of the nature and extent of behavioral tolerance among heavier drinkers, such as those with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Data from three cohorts of the Chicago Social Drinking Project were evaluated to examine the acute effects of alcohol on psychomotor performance across the breath alcohol curve in light drinkers (LDs; n = 86), heavy drinkers (HDs; n = 208), and individuals with AUD (AUDs; n = 103). Before and at several intervals after ingesting either alcohol (0.8 g/kg, peak BrAC = 0.09 g/dL) or placebo in two random-order laboratory sessions, participants completed a test of fine motor coordination (Grooved Pegboard), a test of perceptual-motor processing(Digit Symbol Substitution Task), and a self-reported survey of perceived impairment. Sixty individuals with AUD completed a third session with a very high dose of alcohol (1.2 g/kg, peak BrAC = 0.13 g/dL). The AUD and HD groups, relative to the LD group, perceived less impairment and demonstrated greater behavioral tolerance to an intoxicating dose of alcohol, exhibited by reduced peak impairment and a quicker return to baseline performance on psychomotor measures. Among individuals with AUD who consumed the very high dose, impairment was more than double that following the usual high dose, and it exceeded the impairment among LDs following the usual high dose. In this sample of young adult drinkers, relative to the LD group, those with heavier drinking patterns (AUD and HD groups) showed greater behavioral tolerance to 0.8 g/kg alcohol, a dose typically associated with a binge drinking episode. However, when challenged with a very high alcohol dose commensurate with high-intensity drinking, individuals with AUD showed substantial psychomotor impairment.

The peripheral TCR repertoire diversity indexes can be used as an independent indicator for long term survival rate of ovarian cancer patients.

e17558 Background: According to GLOBOCAN 2020 data, ovarian cancer (OC) ranks 19th in incidence and 15th in mortality with a rate of 1.6% and 2.1%, respectively, High-grade serous OC is the most common sub-type of malignant ovarian tumors, remains the leading cause of cancer-related death among all gynecological cancers in the developed parts of the world. In the United States in 2016, 5-year survival rate was only 10-25% in stage III or IV OC patients, and there was considerable variability in survival in an advanced stage. At present, there is no reliable molecular marker to identify patients with better or worse prognosis. As is known to all, the adaptive immune system defends the body against different foreign antigens, using two main types of antigen receptors: T-cell receptors (TCRs) and antibodies. Now we use high-throughput sequencing approach to analyze the expressed TCRβ repertoires in the peripheral blood of OC patients and healthy women donors. Methods: The experimental design and participant recruitment were approved by Medical Ethics Committee of West China Second University Hospital (Ethics Approval for Research: 2022). Total RNA was extracted from PBMC using TRIZOL reagent. High through put sequencing of the TCRβ gene, assignment of the Vβ, Dβ, and Jβ germline gene, and TCR diversity indexes analyses were conducted essentially following our previously published protocols. Statistical analysis and graph drawing were performed using R language (R 4.0.3). Results: Comparison of the TCR repertoires between the 232 OC patients (OC group) and the 250 healthy women donors (HD group) revealed significant differences. For examples, the VJ combinations of the OC group were distinct from those of the HD group. In addition, the TCR repertoire diversity indexes of the OC group were significantly lower than those of the HD group ( p &lt; 0.001), including D50s, Simpson indexes, the number of highly expressed clones (HECs), and the frequencies of the largest TCR clones. As reported before, the TCR repertoire diversity indexes decreased gradually with increasing age in the HD group (all p &lt; 0.001). Moreover, the TCR repertoire diversities in the survival group were significantly higher than those in the death group (D50: p = 0.0342; the number of HECs: p = 0.0414). Using as the cut off value, the OC patients with D50 &lt; 0.032 had significantly higher mortality rates compared to the OC patients with D50 &gt; 0.032 ( p = 0.0019). Similarly, using the numbers of HECs or the frequencies of the largest TCR clones can also distinguish OC patients in long term survival. Conclusions: Analyzing the peripheral TCR repertoires in the OC and HD revealed significant differences, and the peripheral TCR repertoire diversity indexes may be used as a potential predictor for long term survival for ovarian cancer.