Hct Levels Research Articles

Blood loss and operative time associated with orthognathic surgery utilizing a novel navigation system in cleft lip and palate patients

This retrospective study evaluated the volume of blood loss and operative time associated with management of nongrowing patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) using bimaxillary orthognathic surgery (OGS) designed by a three-dimensional (3D) computer-assisted simulation and navigation for orthognathic surgery (CASNOS) system. This study included 53 skeletal Class III nongrowing patients with unilateral CLP who underwent bimaxillary OGS using either the CASNOS protocol (n=30) or the traditional two-dimensional (2D) method (n=23). The skeletal parameters of jaw-bone components, the levels of hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) were measured before and after surgery. The estimated blood loss and actual blood loss (ABL) were also calculated. The two groups did not differ significantly with regard to the demographic parameters (age, gender, and body mass index), the preoperative skeletal parameters and surgical changes of jaw-bone components. The mean ABL of the CASNOS group was significantly lower than that of the control group (915.6±280.5 vs. 1204.9±201.0ml, p<0.001), and the changes in Hb and Hct level also followed a similar pattern in both groups. The mean operative time was significantly shorter in the CASNOS group compared with the control group (384.2±48.5 vs. 469.0±94.9min, p<0.001). This study demonstrated that the application of the 3D CASNOS approach in OGS for the management of complicated Class III nongrowing patients with CLP significantly shortened the operative time and reduced ABL in comparison with the traditional 2D methods.

Polycythemia in Patients With Hereditary Hemochromatosis: Real or Myth?

BackgroundHereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is an autosomal recessive disorder affecting iron metabolism, resulting in iron accumulation in tissue parenchymal cells. Missense mutations result in homozygosity or heterozygosity for substitutions in the HFE gene, with the most common being C282Y and H63D.MethodsWith an aim to evaluate an association between polycythemia and HH, retrospective chart review was performed for 152 patients with known HFE mutations. Parameters reviewed included individual HFE genotypes, gender distribution, hemoglobin (Hgb) and hematocrit (Hct) levels, median ferritin levels and whether or not phlebotomy was required.ResultsOf 152 patients, 96 (63.2%) were men and 56 (36.8%) were women. Median Hgb and Hct were noted to be higher in men compared to women irrespective of HFE status. Mean age was 60.5 years (range 22 - 93 years). Regarding HFE mutation, 44 (28.9%) patients were C282Y/C282Y, 10 (6.6%) were H63D/H63D and 27 (17.8%) had one copy of each mutation. One patient in the study group was H63D/S65C. Median Hgb and Hct were noted to be 15.5 g/dL and 44.9% respectively in C282Y/C282Y subjects, 16.0 g/dL and 47% in H63D/H63D subjects, 15.8 g/dL and 46% in C282Y/H63D subjects, 16g/dL and 47% in those with single C282Y mutation and 16.6g/dL and 48% in those with single H63D mutation. A total of 67.1% subjects received phlebotomy. A total of 21.7% patients in this cohort were active tobacco users and only 8.6% had an established pulmonary diagnosis, including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Elevated Hgb levels were noted despite absence of an established reason for secondary polycythemia. Anemia was not encountered despite concurrent medical conditions that would usually be associated with anemia, including gastrointestinal bleeding or end-stage renal disease (ESRD).ConclusionsElevated Hgb and Hct levels in HH may be secondary to increased iron uptake by erythroid cell precursors in the bone marrow, in setting of increased availability of both transferrin-bound as well as non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI). Additional studies need to be pursued to explore the association between HFE mutations and secondary polycythemia.

Wide range of F cell levels in healthy Thai adults: Influence of Swiss-type hereditary persistence of foetal haemoglobin & β-haemoglobinopathy.

Background & objectives:Swiss-type hereditary persistence of foetal haemoglobin (HPFH) has been shown to be responsible for the wide range of F cell levels in healthy Thai adults. However, a survey for F cells in healthy Thai adults has not been performed. This study was conducted to determine the F cell distribution in adult Thai blood donors and to assess the possible involvement of β-thalassaemia and haemoglobin E (HbE) carriers in increased HbF levels.Methods:Thai blood donors (n=375, 205 males and 170 females) were included in the study. Blood samples were collected for measuring haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and haematocrit (Hct) and F cell levels. Hb and Hct levels were determined by automated blood counter, while F cells were quantified by flow cytometric analysis of F cells stained by fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated anti γ-globin monoclonal antibody. Finally, F cell levels were compared between blood samples having mean corpuscular volume (MCV) <80 fl and ≥80 fl as well as between β-haemoglobinopathies (HbE and β-thalassaemia carriers) and normal adults.Results:F cell levels varied markedly spanning 0.80-39.2 per cent with a positively skewed distribution. Thirty two per cent of these individuals had F cell levels more than the 4.5 per cent cut-off point. F cell levels in females were significantly higher than those in males (P<0.05). F cell levels in individuals having MCV <80 fl were significantly higher than those having MCV ≥80 fl (P<0.05). β-haemoglobinopathy (HbE and β-thalassaemia carriers) had significantly higher F cell levels than normal individuals (P<0.05).Interpretation & conclusions:The present results showed that besides Swiss-type HPFH, the β-haemoglobinopathy was expected to be involved in increased F cell levels in adult Thais. Thus, influence of β-haemoglobinopathy must be considered in interpreting F cell levels in area endemic of this globin disorder.

Effect of Silver Nano Particle on Fish (Labeo Rohita) Hematology

The use of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) is rapidly increasing, but there are limited data on their effects on the aquatic environment. The present study aimed to determine the acute toxicity and evaluate the effect of subacute concentrations of Ag-NPs on hematological and plasma biochemical indices of, Roho, Labeo rohita. The 24-, 48-, 72- and 96-h median lethal concentration values of silver Nanoparticle for Labeo rohita were estimated at 5mg/l, 10 mg/l and 20 mg/L. Red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb) count and hematocrit (Hct) level were significantly reduced at both concentrations tested (p < 0.05). In conclusion, Ag-NPs intoxication resulted in erythrocyte reduction, hematological disturbances, leucocytosis and stress response in Labeo rohita and offered a simple tool to evaluate toxicity-derived alterations.

Effect of Preoperative Dutasteride on Bleeding Related to Transurethral Resection of Prostate in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Background: Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) is the gold standard in the surgical treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Blood loss is one of the most common complications of TURP. Objective: To evaluate the effect of preoperative dutasteride on bleeding related to TURP in patients with BPH. Materials and Methods: This prospective interventional study was done in the department of urology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period of July 2016 to June 2017. A total of 70 cases of BPH planned for TURP were included in this study according to the statistical calculation. Patients were randomly allocated to control group A (TURP without dutasteride) and dutasteride group B (TURP with dutasteride). Each group consisted of 35 patients. Group B patients were treated with dutasteride 0.5 mg/day for 4 weeks before TURP. The main outcome of blood loss was evaluated in terms of reduction in serum hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) levels, which were measured before and 24 hours after surgery. Data were analyzed and compared by statistical tests. Results: Comparison of outcome between groups shows that there was a significant difference in term of pre-post operative change of hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in the control group A compared to the dutasteride group B (Hb = 2.96 ± 0.80 gm/dl vs. 1.81 ± 0.71 gm/dl, respectively, p = 0.001; Hct = 11.20% ± 2.12% vs. 6.07% ± 2.02%, respectively, p = 0.02). A significant lower mean blood loss was observed in the dutasteride group compared to the control group. Conclusion: Preoperative dutasteride therapy reduces blood loss related to TURP in patients with BPH. This therapy can be practiced to reduce surgical bleeding associated with TURP.

Haemato-immunological studies in ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles exposed euryhaline fish, Oreochromis mossambicus

The present study was aimed to analyze the effect of ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) on Haemato-immunological parameters in adult Tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus. The nanoparticles size found as 47 nm and 30 nm for ZnO and TiO2 respectively. The acute toxicity (96 h) of ZnO (LC50: 100–110 ppm) and TiO2 (LC50: 80–90 ppm) NPs were identified by using probit analysis. RBC, Hb and HCT levels decreased in nanoparticles exposed groups resulted in decreased oxygen carrying capacity of RBC and other erythrocyte indices (MCH, MCV, MCHC). Increased WBC, neutrophils & monocytes and decreased lymphocyte levels were observed as increased concentration of the nanoparticles. The results were found as statistically significant (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the present study depicts that ZnO NPs exhibits more toxicity than TiO2 NPs. Nanoparticles presence even in low concentration (ppm) cause damage to the connective tissues of fish, so the existing permissible levels of these nanoparticles in water are need to be revised.

Identification of the factors affecting the consistency of DBS formation via experimental design and image processing methodology

In the present study we aimed at reaching a procedure for control of factors that have a potential to contribute to bioanalytical method bias and consistent dried blood spot (DBS) formation. The most influencing factors were identified via experimental design and image processing methodology. The effects of five qualitative factors - temperature of blood samples, type of pipettes, pipetting technique, age of blood samples and analysts were investigated by multilevel categorical D-optimal design. Due to well-known influence of hematocrit (Hct) level on rheological characteristic of blood samples, five responses were observed through the study (RSD22%Hct, RSD30%Hct, RSD39%Hct, RSD51%Hct, RSD62%Hct) for their ability to provide insights into influence of factor settings onto DBS areas consistency. The area of blood spots was determined by image processing after scanning DBS cards with four spot replicates, corresponding to particular combination of investigated factors, as defined by experimental plan. The qualitative linear mathematical models with added appropriate two-factor interactions were derived by the principle of backward elimination. It was concluded that %RSD value of DBS, for all investigated Hct levels, is completely independent of type of pipettes and age of blood samples, but can significantly be affected by blood sample temperature, pipetting technique and training of analyst. Therefore, the procedure for precise and accurate formation of DBS of uniform area, regardless the Hct value, implies samples at body/room temperature, reversed pipetting technique for rigorous delivery of a sample volume onto the card and a properly trained analyst for handling samples. Finally, a verification experiment was performed and the adequacy of the suggested procedure was confirmed. Identification of the factors affecting the consistency of DBS formation provided the evidence that this contribution to total assay bias can be successfully controlled and reduced.

Influence of sulfur complex on hematological indicators of the rabits

The article presents results on the influence of different amounts of sulfur citrate, manufactured using nanotechnology and sodium sulfate in rabbit diet from 60 to 118 days of age on the hematological parameters of their organism. Studies have been conducted on 30 rabbits of the Hyla hybrid divided into six groups (control and five experimental), 6 animals in each. Animals were kept in regulated microclimate and illumination in mesh cages of 50×120×30 cm. Controlled rabbits fed without restriction a balanced granulated feed with free access to water. The young of the first (E-II), the second (E-II), the third (E-III) and the fourth (E-IV) experimental groups feed the diet of the control group and, during the day, dispensed sulfur citrate from the calculation of 2; 4; 8 and 12 mg S/kg body weight. Rabbits (E-V) of the experimental group fed the diet of the control group and set water with sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) in the amount of 40 mg S/kg body weight. In the preparatory period – 60 days and in the experimental period – at 91 and 118 days of life (31 and 58 days of delivery of supplements), blood samples were collected from the regional anterior vein of rabbits for hematological studies performed using an automatic hematologic analyzer (Orphee Mythic-18, Switzerland). Researches have shown that the administration of citrate sulfur in the amount of 8 mg S/kg of body weight was marked by a greater number of red blood cells and leukocytes, respectively, by 13.4 and 23.3% (P &lt; 0.05) and with a higher level of HCT at 16.2% (P &lt; 0.05), MCH, RDV and MCHC, respectively, 11.1; 14.5 and 2.6% (P &lt; 0.05) on day 58 of the experiment compared with the control group. In the blood of animals in the 2nd experimental group, a higher concentration of hemoglobin (Р &lt; 0.05) was observed at 31 days and a higher HCT (Р &lt; 0.05) level was 58 days compared to control. Thus, the results of the study of the hematological parameters of the body of rabbits indicate their positive changes in the actions of the physiologically substantiated amount of organic sulfur, which contributed to the activation of metabolic processes.

Feasibility study of the difference between hematocrit and albumin for identifying hemorrhagic shock and septic shock

To observe the difference between hematocrit (Hct) and albumin (Alb) levels (Hct-Alb) in hemorrhagic shock and septic shock, and to provide a quick and simple method for differentiating hemorrhagic shock from septic shock. 270 shock patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) of the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from August 2012 to August 2018, including 124 patients with hemorrhagic shock and 148 patients with septic shock, were enrolled. 148 patients underwent routine physical examination served as a control healthy group. General information such as gender, age, and body mass index (BMI) of the patient were collected. Hct and serum Alb levels on the day of physical examination or onset before blood products transfusion were recorded, and the Hct-Alb difference was calculated. The Hct-Alb differences among the three groups were compared. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to analyze the differential diagnosis value of Hct-Alb difference for shock type. All patients were enrolled in the final analysis. Compared with the healthy control group, the patients with hemorrhagic and septic shock were older (years: 50.0±19.8, 59.9±16.9 vs. 42.5±13.6, both P < 0.01), and those patients with septic shock was significantly older than those with hemorrhagic shock (years: 59.9±16.9 vs. 50.0±19.8, P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in gender or BMI among the three groups. Compared with the healthy control group, Hct and Alb values in hemorrhagic shock group and septic shock group were significantly decreased [Hct: (27.9±8.4)%, (35.5±7.1)% vs. (47.0±4.4)%, Alb (g/L): 28.9±7.1, 23.3±5.8 vs. 45.4±4.3, all P < 0.01]. The Hct-Alb difference in the septic shock group was significantly higher than that in the healthy control group (12.1±7.5 vs. 1.6±5.9, P < 0.01), but no significant difference was found between hemorrhagic shock group and healthy control group (-0.9±5.3 vs. 1.6±5.9, P > 0.05). Compared with hemorrhagic shock group, the Alb level in septic shock group was significantly decreased (g/L: 23.3±5.8 vs. 28.9±7.1, P < 0.01), and Hct and Hct-Alb difference were significantly increased [Hct: (35.5±7.1)% vs. (27.9±8.4)%, Hct-Alb difference: 12.1±7.5 vs. -0.9±5.3, both P < 0.01]. It was shown by ROC curve analysis that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for diagnosing hemorrhagic shock and septic shock was 0.366 and 0.867, indicating that Hct-Alb difference had diagnostic value only for septic shock. When the best cut-off value of Hct-Alb difference was 6.8, the sensitivity was 79.5% for diagnosing septic shock, and the specificity was 79.7%, the positive predict value was 0.80, the negative predict value was 0.80, the positive likelihood ratio was 3.916, the negative likelihood ratio was 0.257. The Hct-Alb difference in patients with septic shock is higher than that in patients with hemorrhagic shock. The Hct-Alb difference is highly accurate in diagnosing septic shock. When the Hct-Alb difference is greater than 6.8, it can be used for differential diagnosis of hemorrhagic shock and septic shock.

Lack of GDF11 Does Not Ameliorate Erythropoiesis in β-Thalassemia and Does Not Prevent the Activity of the Trap-Ligand RAP-536

Mutations in the HBB gene causes β-thalassemia (BT). Treatment for BT presents a major clinical challenge in the United States, as patients require chronic and expensive treatment for survival. A new drug in Phase III clinical trials, Luspatercept (ACE-536), has been shown to improve BT symptoms via an erythropoietin (EPO) -independent pathway. ACE-536 is a peptide drug identical to the extracellular domain of activin receptor IIB (ACVR2B). Upon administration, it competes with ACVR2B to bind members of the transforming growth factor (TGF) β superfamily. Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) has been pinpointed as the primary target by which the trap ligand exerts its therapeutic efforts. Studies in murine models of BT using RAP-536 (the mouse analog of ACE-536), have suggested that Gdf11 is overexpressed in erythroblasts and that overexpression functions to inhibit erythroid differentiation. Interestingly, however, ACE-536 and RAP-536 have been shown to stimulate RBC synthesis in healthy humans and mice, where GDF11/Gdf11 overexpression has not been reported. Additionally, the expression data in mice has been questioned because of the unavailability of antibodies that can discriminate between Gdf11 and other TGF-β ligands.Due to the novelty of RAP-536 promoting erythropoiesis through an Epo-independent pathway and the lack of specific antibodies to distinguish between TGF-β ligands, we resorted to genetic tools to investigate the role of Gdf11 in erythropoiesis. For our study, we generated Hbb+/+Gdf11flox/flox and Hbbth3/+Gdf11flox/flox mice and crossed them with EpoRCre and VavCre transgenic lines, resulting in offspring harboring the Gdf11 deletion in erythroid cells and the complete hematopoietic compartment. If Gdf11 is secreted by erythroid cells, and it plays a role in inhibiting erythroid differentiation, then mice lacking Gdf11 in either erythroid cells or all hematopoietic cell lineages should show some increase in red blood cell (RBC) production, hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hb). Furthermore, in Hbbth3/+mice, where Gdf11 has been proposed to be overexpressed, improvements in erythroid cell differentiation should be most apparent. Surprisingly, we did not detect any differences in RBC number, Hb or Hct levels of Gdf11 deficient Hbb+/+ or Hbbth3/+ mice compared to their Gdf11 containing controls. The discrepancy between our results and published data could be explained if Gdf11 is produced by non-hematopoietic tissues and indirectly influences erythropoiesis. Since Gdf11-/- are embryonic-lethal, we crossed Hbb+/+ Gdf11flox/floxand Hbbth3/+ Gdf11flox/flox mice with a tamoxifen (TAM) inducible Cre recombinase under the global Rosa26 promoter (RosaCre) to assess the effect of a pancellular deletion of Gdf11. No detectable differences were found in RBC, Hb or Hct levels of fl these animals after TAM treatment either acutely nor up to 5-6 months post deletion of Gdf11. Administration of RAP-536 significantly improved and increased hematopoietic parameters in the peripheral blood in all six models lacking Gdf11. In the RAP-536-treated Hbbth3/+ models, amelioration of anemia was noted by a decrease in spleen size and improved ineffective erythropoiesis indicated by an increased hematological parameters and increased ratio of mature to immature erythroblasts in spleen analyzed by FACS. Therefore, lack of Gdf11 at the erythroid, hematopoietic and pancellular level did not prevent a response to the drug.Next, we investigated the effects of RAP-536 directly on erythroid cells. Since the drug causes increases in RBC and Hb of normal patients, we challenged CD34+ cells with RAP-536 at various concentrations. Results showed no increases in cell numbers, erythroid viability, hemoglobin content nor differentiation. Currently we are investigating the mRNA expression of activin receptors IIA and IIb along with TGF-β ligands in healthy and BT CD34+ cells as well as in erythroid specific progenitors of the Hbbth3/+ mouse model.Our findings suggest that Gdf11 is not the sole target of RAP-536, nor that Gdf11 is required to promote improvement of erythropoiesis. Most importantly, we show that in the absence of Gdf11, RAP-536 is effective at increasing hematological parameters in both Hbb+/+ and Hbbth3/+ mice. The results of this study demonstrate potential alternative target(s) for the action of RAP-536. Future work will focus on identifying the unknown targets of RAP-536. DisclosuresCasu:Aevi Genomic Medicine, Inc: Research Funding; Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Research Funding. Martinez:Acceleron Pharma: Employment. Suragani:Acceleron Pharma: Employment. Kumar:Acceleron Pharma: Employment. Rivella:Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Consultancy; Protagonist: Consultancy; Disc Medicine: Consultancy; MeiraGTx: Other: SAB.

3-Monochloropropane-1, 2-diol causes irreversible damage to reproductive ability independent of hormone changes in adult male rats

3-MCPD, a contaminant frequently detected in foodstuffs, has been reported to damage human kidneys and testes. Previous studies can be used to evaluate the risk to humans of exposure to excessive 3-MCPD for a short period. However, the effects of withdrawal after 3-MCPD exposure have rarely been studied. Adult male SD rats were orally administered 0, 36 and 72 mg 3-MCPD/kg b.w./day for 4 weeks, followed by a 7-week recovery period. 3-MCPD significantly reduced RBC, HGB and HCT levels, indicating a phenotype of anemia, which returned to normal after the recovery period. 3-MCPD induced dysfunction in the liver and kidneys, which were characterized by hepatomegaly and elevated serum ALT, TBIL levels, and nephromegaly and elevated serum urea, UA contents. These effects were also restored to normal after the recovery period. Although the abnormal levels of testosterone and progesterone returned to normal, 3-MCPD-induced atrophy in testes, decreased sperm concentration and motility, and an increased rate of teratosperm still existed after the recovery period. 3-MCPD can induce restorable anemia and dysfunction in liver and kidney but irreversibly damage the reproductive system with normal sex hormone levels. This study may provide a novel perspective for characterizing the ongoing risk of exposure to 3-MCPD.

The Effects of Consuming 6 Weeks of Beetroot Juice (Beta vulgaris L.) on Hematological Parameters in Female Soccer Players

Background: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of consuming 6 weeks of beetroot juice (Beta vulgaris L.) on hematological parameters in female soccer players. Methods: Twenty female soccer players were selected randomly and assigned into two groups: Experimental (beetroot juice, n = 10) and control (placebo, n = 10). Subjects trained for six weeks (three 90-min sessions per week) by consuming 200 mL of juice 2 hours prior to training. Blood samples were collected and investigated (Hb, Hct, RBC, Iron, MCV, Ferritin and TIBC) in pre- and posttest. Paired Sample t-test and Independent Sample t-test were used for comparision within and between groups, respectively. Statistical significance was P ≤ 0.05. Results: Results showed that the experimental group had significant increases in the Hb, Hct, RBC, iron, and ferritin levels (P < 0.05). No significant difference was detected in MCV levels (t = -1.10, P = 0.29) and there was a significant decrease in the TIBC (t = 4.99, P = 0.001). In the control group, there were significant differences in (Hct, iron, ferritin and TIBC) (P < 0.05). In addition, there were significant differences in (Hb, Hct, RBC, iron, ferritin and TIBC) levels between experimental and control subjects (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in MCV (t = 1.11, P = 0.28). Conclusions: Since beetroot juice consumption has significant effects on the levels of some hematological parameters in female soccer players, it can be used to prevent and improve anemia among these athletes.

The Effect of Moderate-intensity Technical Training and Resistance Training on Selected Hematological Parameters of Elite Wrestlers

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an eight-week moderate-intensity technical and resistance training on selected hematological parameters. Twenty male wrestlers participated in the study voluntarily. Participants trained six days a week after being divided into technical and resistance training groups. The first group was applied a technical training (TT) program, at 60-75% intensity of heart rate (HR) and lasting 75-90 minutes. The other group (resistance training) applied the resistance training (RT) program for the first four weeks at %60 of 1TM load, for the next four weeks at %70 of 1TM load. Blood samples were collected from participants before the training period and after 24 hours following the last training session. RBC, HGB, HCT, PLT values were analyzed to determine hematological parameters from blood samples. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS program. According to the results, between values before and after the training period, there was significant difference in RBC and HGB levels, while there was no significant difference in HCT and PLT levels in the TT group. Between values before and after the training period, there was no significant difference in RBC, HGB, HCT, PLT levels in RT group. As a result, it was found that eight-week technical training was more efficient significantly than resistance training (p <0.05). However, when these results were examined in practical terms, it was determined that the differences between before and after technical training programs had a low effect size.

The difference between hematocrit and plasma albumin in the course of systemic capillary leak syndrome: a systematic review

To investigate the changes of the difference between hematocrit (Hct) and plasma albumin (Alb) in the course of patients with systemic capillary leak syndrome (SCLS). 281 case reports on human vascular leaking from the PubMed database from January 1st, 1996 to September 30th, 2015 were screened by systematic review method. Studies related to intracranial vascular leakage or intraocular vascular leakage were excluded. 213 articles related to SCLS were identified (164 in English, 16 in French, 8 in Japanese, 7 in German, 7 in Spanish, 4 in Italian, 2 in Chinese, 2 in Danish, 2 in Dutch, and 1 in Swedish). Due to the unavailable full text, 40 articles were excluded. A total of 173 articles related to SCLS were screened, of which 84 patients were enrolled. The data of Alb, Hct, age, gender, weight change, the length of hospital stay and 24-hour fluid infusion volume in SCLS patients were recorded, and the difference between Hct and plasma Alb (Hct-Alb) was calculated. According to the time when accurate Hct and Alb data were collected, they were divided into three groups: basic value group before onset, value group at onset and value group at recovery/discharge after onset. The levels of Hct and Alb and Hct-Alb at different time points in the course of the disease were compared. Pearson test was used to analyze the correlation between Hct-Alb and 24-hour fluid infusion volume. (1) A total of 12 cases with both exact values of Alb and Hct [or hemoglobin (Hb)] at the time of onset and recovery after treatment were selected from 84 cases of SCLS. It was shown that the Hct-Alb at the time of onset was significantly higher than that after treatment (26.33±16.36 vs. 0.55±8.81, P < 0.001). (2) A total of 17 cases with both the pre-onset baseline value and the exact values of Alb and Hct (or Hb) at the time of onset were selected from 84 cases of SCLS. It was shown that the Hct-Alb at the time of onset was significantly higher than that of the pre-onset basic value (15.83±11.37 vs. 1.82±7.97, P < 0.001). (3) A total of 14 cases with both exact values of Alb, Hct and 24-hour fluid infusion volume at the time of onset were selected from 84 cases of SCLS. It was shown that the Hct-Alb was 35.45±19.58 at the time of onset. The average 24-hour fluid infusion volume was (9.82±4.95) L, and the maximum volume of fluid infusion was 20 L. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the Hct-Alb at the time of onset was significantly positively correlated with 24-hour fluid infusion volume (r = 0.578, P < 0.05). In the analysis of SCLS cases published with adequate data available from 1996 to 2015, it was revealed that: (1) the difference in Hct-Alb levels at the onset of SCLS was 32.06±17.41. (2) The greater the difference between Hct and plasma Alb, the more amount of fluid required to maintain normal blood pressure.

A comparison of the efficacy of carbetocin and oxytocin on hemorrhage-related changes in women with cesarean deliveries for different indications

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of carbetocin and oxytocin on hemorrhage-related changes in women with cesarean deliveries (CS) for different indications. Materials and methodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted on 1568 women with CS before labor onset (elective CS, n = 1153) or during labor (intrapartum CS, n = 415) after 24 weeks’ gestation. We compared the fall in hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) levels after CS, estimated blood loss, the need for additional uterotonic agents, blood transfusion, and the rate of postpartum hemorrhage between women with carbetocin and women with oxytocin treatment, stratified by indications for CS. ResultsFor women with elective CS, decreased Hb and Hct falls were noted with carbetocin treatment compared to oxytocin treatment in women with indications for prior CS, fetal malpresentation, and multiple gestation. The need for additional uterotonics was less in CS for prior CS, fetal malpresentation, and cephalopelvic disproportion and fewer transfusions in CS for multiple gestation in women with carbetocin compared to women with oxytocin treatment. For women with intrapartum CS, carbetocin was associated with decreased use of additional uterotonic agents and transfusion in CS for dysfunctional labor. ConclusionCarbetocin and oxytocin had differential effects on hemorrhage-related changes in women with CS for different indications.

Saliva and serum ghrelin and obestatin in iron deficiency anemia patients

AbstractBackgroundSerum ghrelin level is also associated with iron deficiency anemia (IDA), but no study has yet been published on the obestatin level in patients with IDA, even though both hormones are a single gene product. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to determine whether there is a link between IDA and these two hormones among other hematological parameters in patients with IDA.MethodsTo measure ghrelin and obestatin, human saliva and serum were collected from 30 women with IDA and 30 control women with repeated collection of samples over a period of 1 week and 1 month. Saliva and serum ghrelin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsSaliva and serum ghrelin and obestatin levels were significantly lower in the IDA group compared with controls; these levels increased slightly above baseline with iron treatment, but remained below the control values. Serum hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin and hematocrit (Hct) levels significantly increased with iron treatment, while total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) decreased compared to baseline concentrations.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that IDA might be linked to imbalance of circulating (serum) and non-circulating (saliva) ghrelin and obestatin levels. Using saliva in place of serum for monitoring the two hormones should minimize inconvenience and patient discomfort.

Hematological Profile of Patients Having Malaria-positive Peripheral Blood Smears: A Cross-sectional Study at a Diagnostic Research Center in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Malaria is a life-threatening infectious disease that, in severe cases, is associated with calamitous complications and far-reaching consequences within a community. It is usually manifested by abnormalities in various hematological indices with anemia and thrombocytopenia being the most frequent ones. The present study sheds light on the laboratory profile of patients suffering from malaria and provides a comprehensive analysis and correlation with the available literature worldwide. The study was carried out as a cross-sectional study at OK Diagnostic Lab and Research Center in Peshawar from October 2010 to October 2013. All malaria parasite (MP)-positive cases reported at OK Lab during the study period were employed in the study, making a total of 136 MP positive cases. Complete blood pictures with platelet counts were obtained in all patients and various hematological indices were analyzed according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Thrombocytopenia was defined as a platelet count of < 150 × 103/cmm and anemia as an hemoglobin (Hb) < 13 g/dL in males and < 12 g/dL in females. Among the 136 MP positive patients, 74 (55.4%) had associated thrombocytopenia while 105 (77.2%) patients showed anemia on a peripheral blood smear. This was followed by leukopenia in 8.8% of cases. Among patients with Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) infection, anemia was present in 80% of cases as compared to 74% cases with P. vivax infection (p = 0.5). Thrombocytopenia was associated with P. vivax infection in 71.4% of cases in contrast to P. falciparum infection, where 26% of cases had associated thrombocytopenia (p = 0.01). On the contrary, leukopenia was more prevalent in P. falciparum patients (18%), followed by P. vivax (2.6%), and mixed parasitemia (11.1%) (p < 0.001). In addition, the study showed statistically significant variations in hematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and platelet counts across different malarial species (p < 0.05). Likewise, variations within mean Hct levels among males and females were statistically significant, with females showing lower mean Hct levels than males (p < 0.05).

Evaluation of Hematocrit Level, Red Blood Cells and White Blood Cells Counts in Blood from Patients with Different Severities of Periodontal Diseases

Background: Anemia of chronic disease (ACD) occurs in the presence of chronic infection, inflammatory conditions or neoplastic conditions despite of adequate iron and vitamins storage. Gingivitis is the inflammation of the gingiva, periodontitis is the inflammation in the periodontium that extend deeper with loss of connective tissue attachment and supporting bone. The main pathogenesis of periodontal diseases and ACD is immune activation. Aims of study: Determine and compare the clinical periodontal parameters (plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL)). Evaluate the hematocrit (Hct) level, red blood cells (RBCs) count and white blood cells (WBCs) count. Assess the correlations between the clinical periodontal parameters and hematological parameters at patients had gingivitis, chronic periodontitis (CP) with different severities (mild, moderate and severe) with healthy periodontium subjects. Materials and Methods: 35-50 years old, 150 male subjects were included in this study. They were divided into three study groups: group of 30 patients with gingivitis, group of 90 patients with CP which subdivided into (Mild CP=30 patients, Moderate CP =30 patients, Severe CP =30 patients) and control group 30 subjects with clinically healthy periodontium. Blood samples were collected then by automated blood analyzer the Hct, RBCs and WBCs were evaluated. Results: Comparisons among groups and subgroups revealed significant differences in Hct and WBCs, while RBCs was non-significant. Means values of RBCs count showed reduction in mild and severe CP subgroups. while, the Hct and WBCs mean values increased in patients with periodontal disease. The correlations between the clinical periodontal parameters with WBCs and RBCs were almost non-significant but, with Hct was mostly significant negative correlations. Conclusion: Inflammatory and immune responses in periodontal diseases caused change in different hematologic parameters which could contribute to the development of anemia of chronic disease.

Effects of Parkia biglobosa aqueous seed extract on some biochemical, haematological and histopathological parameters in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

Ethnopharmacological relevanceParkia biglobosa seeds are used to treat diabetes and complications hence this study. AimThis study investigated the effects of Parkia biglobosa aqueous seed extract on some biochemical, haematological and histopathological indices in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Materials and methodsWistar rats of either sex (180–300 g) were fasted overnight and diabetes mellitus induced using streptozotocin 40 mg/kg IP. Diabetes mellitus (fasting blood glucose ≥ 200 mg/dl) was confirmed 48 h later. The rats were randomly grouped into six groups (n = 5): Group 1 (diabetic untreated control), group 2 (Parkia biglobosa 200 mg/kg), group 3 (Parkia biglobosa 400 mg/kg). group 4 (Parkia biglobosa 800 mg/kg), group 5 (glibenclamide 5 mg/kg as standard drug control) and group 6 (normoglycaemic control). They were treated daily. Acute toxicity study and phytochemical screening were also performed. Fourteen days later, they were sacrificed under chloroform anaesthesia. Vital organs (kidneys, liver and pancreas) and blood samples were obtained for histopathological, biochemical and haematological analysis. ResultsParkia biglobosa aqueous seed extract at the various doses caused significant (P < 0.05) elevations in red blood cell parameters in comparison to the diabetic control. The mean cell volume did not differ significantly from the diabetic control while 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg doses of the extract did not significantly modify the HCT levels. Treatment with Parkia biglobosa significantly (P < 0.05) lowered white blood cell and platelet counts in comparison to the diabetic control. Liver enzymes and total bilirubin levels were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced while total protein increased in the treated diabetic rats in comparison to controls. Treatment with Parkia biglobosa extract significantly (P < 0.05) increased bicarbonate and sodium ion levels while decreasing potassium ion levels. Chloride levels were not significantly different from the diabetic control. ConclusionThese data suggest that Parkia biglobosa ameliorates biochemical, haematological and histopathological changes associated with diabetes mellitus.

Hemato-immunological, serum metabolite and enzymatic stress response alterations in exposed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to nanosilver

The aim of present study was to investigate the effects of sub-lethal concentrations of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) on hematological parameters, differential tests of white blood cells, serum metabolite parameters, serum enzymes activity and serum ions in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss . Healthy rainbow trout, were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations (0, 1.5 and 2.5 ppm) of nanosilver for 14 days. RBC, WBC and Hct levels were significantly ( P <0.05) increased in exposed groups. Within the white blood cells, only neutrophils showed a significant increase at 7 and 14 days post exposure ( P <0.05). Serum triglyceride, total serum protein, albumin and globulin levels were decreased ( P <0.05) in exposed fish, however, cholesterol levels increased in the 2.5 ppm group at 7 days after exposure ( P <0.05). Cortisol and glucose increased significantly at 7 and 14 days of exposure in both concentrations of AgNPs ( P <0.05). Decreases in serum ions level were observed, although reduction in chloride ions occurred earlier and more severe than other measured parameters ( P <0.05). Elevation in serum ALP, LDH, ALT and AST enzymes were observed during the experiment ( P <0.05), although SOD and CAT activity were significantly decreased in exposed groups ( P <0.05). The results revealed that AgNP can affect the hematological, serum metabolite and enzymatic parameters of O. mykiss , as well as AgNP exposure induce a general oxidative stress response in O. mykiss.