HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor Research Articles

ANÁLISE DE UM PROTÓTIPO DE BAIXO CUSTO PARA AUXILIAR NA ATRACAÇÃO DE TRANSPORTES FLUVIAIS

This work presents the development of a low-cost prototype to assist in the docking of river transport, using an approximation sensor based on ultrasonic technology to measure the distance between the vessel and the mooring point in order to guarantee safety during anchoring. To solve this need, a functional prototype was built using an Arduino microcontroller as a central control unit, integrated with an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor to measure distances, and a 7-segment display to display the data collected in real time. The system allows the captain to have a clear reading of the remaining distance during anchoring, supporting the maneuver safely. Analyzes of the distances measured by the sensor were also carried out to evaluate the precision and functioning of the prototype. The results obtained demonstrated the viability of the proposed system, which uses low-cost electronic components to measure and display the distance between the vessel and the docking location. Its implementation offers an affordable alternative to assist in safe navigation in river transport, especially in riverside communities with limited resources. The study also contributed to discussing new applications of technology, aiming to improve water transport in the country.

Design and Development of a Prototype Water Level Control System for Early Flood Detection Based on The Internet of Things: a Case Study of Kambaniru Dam

Flooding can occur due to overflowing water during the rainy season, therefore early detection of the water level in dams as water runoff processing structures is needed. When heavy rain occurs it can result in flood disasters that are detrimental to communities, dam infrastructure and agricultural land. This research aims to monitor water levels online as initial information about impending flood disasters. Monitoring using Internet of Things (IoT) based technology is intended to obtain water level information in real time. In this device the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor is used as a water level reader, a waterflow sensor as a water discharge reader and a servo motor as a sluice gate controller. The results of this research are a prototype of a water level detection device that can provide water level information and can control sluice gates. automatically and can be controlled manually or remotely via the latest notifications in the Blynk application using the MQTT protocol. This research was carried out by taking information based on the results of direct observations and interviews with officers at Kambaniru Dam, Lambanapu Village, Kambera District. In this way, the prototype of this detection tool will be easy to use as initial information about the possibility of flooding.

IoT System for Floating Raft Hydroponics: Nutrient Monitoring and Automation

Abstract The utilization of hydroponic cultivation in agriculture is increasing due to its high productivity even in limited spaces. However, in practice, monitoring and controlling nutrients in hydroponic systems often require intensive human supervision and intervention. This issue can be addressed through technological advancements, particularly with the adoption of microcontrollers, sensors, and the Internet of Things (IoT). Previous research has developed IoT-based monitoring and control systems for DFT hydroponics using the Blynk platform. This study aims to develop an IoT-based nutrient monitoring and automation system for floating raft hydroponics. Floating raft hydroponics was chosen for its simplicity, lower installation costs, and space optimization. The system developed in this study uses the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor with an average error of 1.229%, the DS18B20 water temperature sensor with an error of 0.415%, and the TDS sensor with an error of 2.055%. The sensor and actuator measurement data are presented via the Antares Web. This research has the potential to minimize the necessity for manual intervention in hydroponic systems, thereby enhancing both efficiency and consistency in nutrient delivery.

The Analysis Of Ultrasonic Sensors In Smart Trash Bin Technology Based On Arduino Nano Microcontroller

Waste is an environmental problem that is increasing along with population growth and public consumption. To solve this problem, an automatic device that controls the opening and closing of the trash can without direct touch is developed using an Arduino Nano microcontroller, HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor, VL53L0X LIDAR, and MG996R servo motor. This research aims to evaluate the responsiveness of the sensor in detecting objects, the effect of the interaction of distance, angle, and object thickness on the sensor response time and aims to determine the effect of garbage volume on the response time of the indicator LED light. The test was conducted using the experimental method of distance variation of 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm, and 50 cm; angle variation of 0°, 10°, and 20°; and thickness variation of 10 mm, 65 mm, and 120 mm. Data analysis using multiple linear regression research methods shows a P-Value of 0.409 for the ultrasonic sensor with ɑ of 0.05, if the P-Value > ɑ, then H0 is accepted and H1 is rejected which mean that there is no significant effect of the interaction between distance, angle, and thickness of the object on the response time of the trash can lid opening sensor.

StepSafe Cane: Empowering Confident Steps for a Healthier Future

Mobility is the capability of one to get to another place. Vision is defined as the faculty and power of seeing. As technology develops and grows, several devices and tools have aided those with mobility issues or impairment and those who are visually impaired. For those who are visually impaired, the traditional aid has been the white cane for a long time which only helps them navigate their way and detect obstacles without providing physical support. While those with mobility issues use a walking stick which does not help them in detecting surrounding obstacles. For those with both mobility issues and visual impairment, this becomes a problem as it is uncommon for a gadget or aid to tackle both these issues at once. The Smart Guide Cane is specially designed for this group of people with both issues. It can also help those with any of the two issues as it has many features that will allow them to be more confident in their movement, improving the quality of life for the disabled. Many steps have been taken in developing the Smart Guide Cane. A program was coded and simulated together with the circuit to ensure the functionality of the program. Then, the physical prototype was created, using Arduino UNO, HC-SR04 (ultrasonic sensor), MPU6050 (fall detector), TTP223 (touch sensor), vibration motor and buzzer as its main components. Tests have been done using this prototype circuit to demonstrate the feasibility and functionality of the Smart Guide Cane. From the prototyping and testing, it can be seen that all the components would function as intended in the Smart Guide Cane.

R-based neural networks decision model for water air cooler system

Water air cooler is a process that uses an evaporative system. In its first generation, there was no temperature sensor, and its fan was turned by an electric motor in an open loop system with a fixed speed. As well, the water’s flow and level in the tank are governed by a mechanical system, which is generally a floating ball attached to a shaft. In order to ameliorate this classical system with more advantages and performances, many ideas are included in subsequent generations such the integration of embedded systems, intelligent control and components of manufacturing materials. In this paper, the current study aims to integrate an intelligent system, which is the neural networks by using R language to give a smart decision model to command relays switching dedicated to control the electric motors, where the first one is tied up with a fan and the other to an electro-pump. The HC-SR04 ultrasonic and DHT11 sensors supervise the two desired parameters control, water level in the tank and the outside temperature successively.

Design of an IoT-Based Nursing Assistant Robot Using Nodemcu Esp8266 and Blynk

Work as a nurse requires direct contact with patients, for example when carrying drugs or changing IVs. However, since the COVID-19 pandemic, awareness to reduce direct contact with patients is increasingly needed. Moreover, direct contact with patients with infectious diseases, such as covid-19. For this reason, it is necessary to create a tool / robot that can connect nurses and patients, especially patients with infectious diseases. In this study, a robot design and implementation was made that can assist nurses in delivering drugs to patients, without having to make direct contact with patients. IoT-based designed robots using NodeMCU, ESP8266 and Blynk. NodeMCU ESP8266 is used as a data processor and smartphones are used as remote controls via the internet. Data from the smartphone is processed by NodeMCU then sends a signal to the robot actuator via the L298N driver motor to drive the wheels. Furthermore, the internet-connected IP camera is used for live streaming on smartphones through the V380 Pro application as a directional guide. Then to prevent collisions, the ultrasonic sensor HCSR04 will send data to NodeMCU ESP8266 if there is an obstacle at a distance of 30 cm in front of the robot, so that the robot will move backwards. The experimental results show that the robot can run well where the robot is controlled by a nurse using the Blynk IoT application and V380 Pro on a smartphone via internet media. Then the test was carried out with two methods, namely smartphones using the robot's local Wi-Fi connection and smartphones using cellular networks. The results showed that the response time of the application command on the smartphone to the robot or viewing video results from the IP Camera was affected by the condition of the internet network used.

A Complete Arduino-Based Mathematical Pendulum Experiment Tool with Real-Time Data Acquisition Using an Excel Spreadsheet

It is very important for students to understand the concept of simple harmonic motion, such as a mathematical pendulum. Students need an experiment tool on mathematical pendulums that is capable of providing measurement results of various physical quantities of mathematical pendulums accurately and precisely. This research aims to (1) describe the specifications of an Arduino-based mathematical pendulum experiment tool, (2) describe the results of measurements of acceleration due to gravity, and (3) describe the effect of changes in deviation on the period at small angles. This research used the experiment method. The research results showed that (1) the Arduino-based mathematical pendulum experiment device is equipped with an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor to measure the length of the string and an FC-51 infrared sensor to measure the period with a precision of 94.9% and accuracy of 99%, (2) the average result of acceleration due to gravity measurements at various string length was (9.72 ± 0.19) m/s<sup>2</sup>,and (3) the mathematical pendulum period between angles of 1-13 degrees did not show a significant difference, showing that at small angles, the oscillation period is not affected by deviation.

RANCANG BANGUN MODUL TRAINER KIT MATA KULIAH SISTEM KENDALI+LAB BERBASIS INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT)

Along with the development of technology, control systems can now control various devices using smartphones connected to the internet remotely (Internet of Things). In order to have a good understanding of this field, universities have a very important role as an education institution. One of them is Udayana University through the Control System + Lab Course in the Independent Campus Learning Curriculum. This study aims to design an IoT-based Lab + Control System Trainer Kit Module using DevKit ESP32. The designed system includes an IoT-based DC motor control system using an L298N motor driver, an IoT-based water cooling control system using a DS18B20 temperature sensor, and an IoT-based water level control system using an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor. The system will be controlled through an application that has been created and installed on a smartphone connected to the internet so that it can be tested and analyzed to draw conclusions.

RANCANG BANGUN MODUL TRAINER KIT SISTEM KENDALI BERBASIS DIGITAL

A control system is defined as a combination of several components that aim to produce a system response in accordance with the desired process variables. Therefore, control systems are now widely used in various fields such as industry, automotive, public facilities, and household appliances. Especially in the industrial field, control systems play a role in improving production quality and reducing production costs. To create qualified human resources who have a good understanding in this field, universities have an important role in realizing this. One of them is Udayana University through the Electrical Engineering Study Program in the Independent Learning Curriculum in the Control System + Lab Course. This study aims to design a Digital-Based Control System + Lab Trainer Kit Module using Arduio Uno to support the process of implementing practicum in the laboratory. In the trainer kit module, there will be three systems designed, which are DC motor direction and speed control system using L298N motor driver, water heater control system using DS18B20 temperature sensor, and also water level control system using HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor.

Smart Stick Revolutionizes Mobility for the Visually Impaired

Visual impairment significantly hinders daily activities, necessitating innovative solutions. This study develops and tests a smart walking stick using NodeMCU ESP-8266, HCSR-04 ultrasonic sensor, DFPlayer, and GPS, monitored via the Blynk app. Employing a research and development approach, the device demonstrated 100% accuracy in obstacle detection and location tracking, providing real-time feedback through audio notifications and smartphone monitoring. This smart walking stick enhances mobility and safety for visually impaired users, representing a significant advancement in assistive technology. Highlights: Accurate Obstacle Detection: 100% accuracy with HCSR-04 ultrasonic sensor. Real-time Monitoring: GPS tracking via Blynk app. Enhanced Mobility: Increases safety and independence for visually impaired users. Keywords: Visual impairment, Smart walking stick, Ultrasonic sensor, GPS tracking, IoT

Wireless Water Level Detection System

The irrigation system is crucial in ensuring that each field receives the necessary supply of water to meet the demands of the crops. It is essential to ensure that the water flow is consistent and uninterrupted, and the water levels are monitored and controlled. Therefore, this paper designs wireless water level detection system that works automatically by reading the height of the water level using an ultrasonic sensor. Then, the water level data is sent to an app so that the users can monitor the height of the water in real time. This system was designed using two main components: an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor and a NodeMCU microcontroller. The HC-SR04 periodically transmit data of water level in real time, then the NodeMCU upload this to the monitoring platform. Finally, the wireless water level detection system is tested under a laboratory environment. A very strong linear regression between the measured and actual water level height (R2=0.99) was obtained.

Wireless Remote Controlled Multi-Purpose Robot using Raspberry PI

Over the past five decades, robotics and associated technologies have evolved into indispensable components across numerous industries, particularly in advanced manufacturing. Moreover, their application has extended beyond production-centric domains to encompass pivotal roles in military and law enforcement sectors, owing to advancements in sophistication, reliability, and compactness. This paper proposes the implementation of a real-time object detection system capable of precisely identifying and locating recognized objects, presenting a significant and practical advancement. Integrating various modules such as GSM and GPS with a Raspberry Pi, along with an array of sensors including metal and flame sensors, an L293 Motor driver, HC-SR04 Ultrasonic sensor, and HC-05 Bluetooth, this system facilitates seamless recognition and localization of objects in real-time. The Bluetooth connectivity feature enables remote control of the device, while a built-in camera captures images of unidentified individuals, thereby enhancing its surveillance capabilities. The incorporation of a motor driver ensures secure and controlled movement of the robot, while the ultrasonic sensor detects obstacles within its proximity. Additionally, the metal sensor swiftly identifies metallic objects, relaying their locations to the administrator, whereas the flame sensor promptly detects fires, enabling the system to dispatch location data for immediate response. This holistic approach renders the proposed system a versatile tool applicable across a spectrum of scenarios, ranging from security and surveillance operations to emergency response initiatives.

Internet of Things (IoT) and Arduino IDE as a Smart Water Quality Control for Monitoring in Catfish Ponds

This research aims to develop a monitoring and control system for catfish pond water quality based on the Internet of Things (IoT). This system uses an ESP32 microcontroller Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) connected to a SEN0131 pH sensor, DS18B20 temperature sensor, and HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor to monitor water quality parameters such as pH, temperature, and water level. Data obtained from these sensors is stored in a real-time database that can be accessed remotely via the Blynk application. This system is also equipped with a water pump and solenoid valve that automatically controls water filling and discharge based on detected water quality parameters. The test results show that the system has an average accuracy of 99.45% and high precision with an average relative standard deviation of 0.01% in detecting water quality parameters. System operation was carried out for 27 days. The system can run continuously or non-stop. data is input in real-time to blynk, so it can be monitored and controlled from anywhere.

Design and Fabrication of a Simple Device for Folding Towel

Electronic technology makes work more manageable, and various electronic gadgets have been invented to assist humans. One of the most time-consuming activities is household chores, such as laundry. Daily laundry tasks are easier to manage with the help of washing and drying machines. However, the folding task is still done by hand and is not automated. A towel is one of the main clothes in daily life. Commonly, people use bare hands to fold the towel. However, this task consumes much time and energy; consequently, boredom, tiredness, and fatigue occur. The existing device to fold towels usually has a large physical compartment and is mainly used for industrial purposes, such as at hotels or laundry shops. The towel-folding machine is in increasing demand in our daily lives. Therefore, this project was developed and designed to eliminate the tedious folding of towels. The main aim is to design and develop an effective mechanism for folding rectangular towels using electronic components. The other objective is to compare the timing of folding rectangular towels using a simple device and by hand. As a result, the prototype represented a semi-automation system incorporating mechanical and electronic designs. The prototype assembly has a folding board made from polypropylene plastic. The amount of time to fold one towel using a semi-automatic folding board remains the same throughout the process, while the amount of time required to fold towels by hand increases. In conclusion, a prototype was designed and developed successfully with various electronic components: HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor, MG996R servomotor and Arduino. Besides, by comparing the timing of folding rectangular towels using a simple device and by hand, 94 seconds was reduced when folding 50 sheets with the aid of the device, compared to by hand. In other words, the effectiveness of the device is 20%.

FABRICATION AND PERFORMANCE OF AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE

Line following and obstacle avoidance are essential functionalities in robotics. A Line Following Robot utilizes arrays of optical sensors to track and follow lines autonomously. Equipped with four sensors, it ensures precise movement along the line. DC gear motors drive its wheels, controlled by an Arduino Uno interfacing algorithms for speed regulation and steering. Additionally, an LCD interface displays the traveled distance. This versatile robot finds applications in industrial automation, household tasks, and guiding systems in museums. Conversely, an obstacle avoidance robotic vehicle, built with an ATmega328 microcontroller and ultrasonic sensors, demonstrates intelligent navigation. When obstacles are detected, the microcontroller redirects the vehicle by actuating motors through a motor driver. Unlike infrared sensors, the ultrasonic sensors offer compatibility and reliability. This project amalgamates both functionalities to create a comprehensive robotic system capable of navigating along lines while autonomously avoiding obstacles. Key components include the Arduino UNO, motor shield L293d, ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04, DC motors, and servo motor.represents a significant leap towards a future where vehicles navigate with unprecedented efficiency and safety, heralding a new era of transportation. Keywords: Line Following Robot, Optical Sensors, DC Gear Motors, Arduino Uno.

PENGEMBANGAN ARDUINO DATA LOGGER MENGGUNAKAN TDR H3CR UNTUK SIMULATOR PASANG SURUT

Tides, crucial natural phenomena, significantly impact various aspects of life. Recognizing their importance, this study presents the development of a tidal simulator leveraging Arduino data logging and TDR H3CR technology. The simulator aims to mimic tidal processes, crucial for educational and research purposes. Traditional methods of acquiring tidal data are time-consuming and expensive. Thus, a simulator proves advantageous in reducing research time and costs. At Raja Ali Haji Maritime University, a tidal simulation model exists but with manual operation and limited data capture capabilities. To address these limitations, this study designed a new simulator utilizing H3CR, DC Water Pump, and DC Selenoid Valve for automated tidal circulation. The research method involved system design, component integration, and laboratory experiments. Calibration of components like the ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 ensured accurate data collection. The overall system experiment validated the simulator's functionality, demonstrating its ability to replicate tidal processes effectively. Results indicated that the simulator produced tidal patterns resembling sinusoidal waves, with slight noise attributed to sensor limitations. The designed simulator serves as an efficient learning tool for understanding tidal phenomena, exhibiting comparable results to natural tidal data. This study contributes to the advancement of tidal simulation technology, offering a cost-effective and accessible solution for educational and research purposes.

Implementation of HCSR04Ultrasonic Sensor based Internet of Things Hospital Drip Bag Monitoring and Alert System

In our current healthcare system, keeping an eye on patients daily in a hospital is a demanding duty. Due to the steady stream of new patients, healthcare personnel were overworked during the peak of the Covid-19 pandemic. In times like these, frontline staff members are unable to personally oversee and tend to every patient. This resulted in multiple problems. In contemporary hospitals, one example of this type of practice is injecting saline or intravenous (IV) fluid into patient veins. Nurses administer nutrients, medications, and fluids directly into a patient's vein during an intravenous treatment. Because IV therapy is often utilized to rehydrate and deliver nutrients, it is crucial to help a patient heal more quickly. However, IV drips still need to be regularly inspected and changed. Measurements must also be made of the fluid flow, contingent on the patient's state. Problems such as blood loss, fluid leakage, and other problems might arise from inadequate drip system monitoring. This IoT intravenous liquid checking framework utilizes an ultrasonic sensor to quantify the IV imbuement jug's liquid level and send the data through the Web. This has eased the burden and fixed a major problem in the intravenous drip monitoring system area.

Simulasi Sistem Monitoring Kenaikan Level Air pada Area Rawan Banjir Secara Real-Time berbasis Smartphone Android

Abstract
 Flooding is the most prevalent disaster that often occurs, flooding occurs due to an increase in water levels in flood-prone areas such as rivers, creeks, swamps and seas that can no longer be dammed which results in overflowing water, in controlling the increase in water levels, a technology is needed that is able to minimize casualties and property. So, the purpose of this research is to create a technology or monitoring tool for water level rise that can be monitored through an Android smartphone where the use of this system will make it easier for the community and local authorities to monitor real-time water level rise. This research uses Research and Development (R&D) research methodology and data is managed and taken through observation, literature study and validation methods. This system uses the HCSR-04 ultrasonic sensor as a sensor and ESP32 as a microcontroller, as an output result, the data will be in the form of two visualizations, namely real-time graphs and tables and notifications via email. The results of the tool system output are built based on progressive web app through Laravel PHP.

E-Waste Bin: An Interactive Waste Management and Monitoring System Via IoT Platform

Nowadays, waste management has become a challenge faced by the developing and the developed countries. The main problem occurred when waste accumulates beyond capacity before schedule collection. This situation may led to huge environmental pollution and potential outbreaks of disease in the society. In this case, waste pickers are essential in waste management by ensuring timely waste collection and preventing bin overflow. However, monitoring bin levels in real-time poses a challenge for them. Hence, this research proposes a mobile application for solid waste management, designed to monitor the garbage fill level of the waste bin. The app alerts both users and waste pickers to potential overflowing bins, allowing users to communicate directly with waste management company. Employing an ESP8266 NodeMCU, HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor, MQ-4 gas sensor, and solar power for energy efficiency, this system results in a user-friendly mobile application. This innovation is aimed at mitigating the issue of waste overloading and improves the environmental quality.