Hb Values Research Articles

Determining the Effect of Fe3O4 Conjugated with Chitosan Nanoparticles on Labneh Product Characteristics and its Effect on Blood Picture Parameters in Anemic Rats Induced by Phenylhydrazine

The research aims to investigate the effect of Fe3O4-NPs and it's conjugated with chitosan nanoparticles on the immunological indicators, such as IgA, IgG, and interleukin-6, and the iron indicators, of Ferritin, Transferrin, TIBC, and Iron in the serum of male albino rats induced with anemia by phenyl-hydrazine. The rats were separated into six groups in five replicates, each of which included (T1) the control group, (T2) anemia induced group, T3 group animals given Labneh enrichment with 2.5 mg of Fe3O4-NPs ml/day, T4 group animals given Labneh enrichment with 2.5 mg of Ch-NPs ml/day, T5 group animals given Labneh enrichment with 2.5 mg of each Fe3O4-NPs conjugated with Ch-NPs ml/day, T6 group animals given Labneh enrichment with 2.5 mg of Hamvir ml/day, and were fed for 30 days. The results showed a change and increase in the values of free fatty acids, as they reached their highest value after 20 days of preservation, where the treatment (T1) recorded a noticeable increase, reaching (2.31). Likewise, in the treatment (T5), we notice a significant increase in it, as it reached (0.75), in contrast to the rest. All coefficients that were (T2), (T3) and (T4) recorded (0.53), (0.58) and (0.63), respectively. the values of RBCs and Hb, which gave a significant decrease and it was at 2.84 (1×106/ ml) and 6.4 (g/dl), respectively, compared to the control treatment (T1).

Akut Üst Gastrointestinal Kanama İle Başvuran Hastaların Endoskopi Yapılma Zamanının Hastaların Mortalitesine Etkileri

Background: Endoscopy is recommended in acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB) to detect the bleeding source and stop the bleeding. The optimal timing of endoscopy in AUGIB is controversial. We aimed to investigate the time of endoscopy and the factors affecting it.
 Materials and methods: Retrospective, single-center study. The patients were divided into four groups: endoscopy after discharge, 0-12 hours endoscopy, 12-24 hours endoscopy and 24 hours later. Age, sex, vital signs, laboratory findings were recorded. Glasgow-Blatchford Score (GBS) and Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) were calculated. The obtained data were compared between these four groups. All-cause mortality for 30 days was recorded.
 Results: A total of 318 patients were included. In the comparison of endoscopy times, the parameters found to be statistically significant between the four groups are Hb, BUN, and INR levels, GBS and CCI. As a result of CHAID analysis, the most crucial variable affecting the timing of endoscopy was found to be the Hb value of the patients (χ2=66.528; adjusted p=0.000). Mortality occurred in 10.69% of the patients. The timing of endoscopy did not affect mortality. In binary logistic regression analysis, low systolic BP (0.967 times increase), high CCI (86,402 times increase) were found to affect mortality.
 Conclusion: The factors affecting the timing of endoscopy are the signs of bleeding. A thorough follow-up of vital signs in patients presenting to the emergency department with acute gastrointestinal bleeding, particularly an evaluation of systolic blood pressure and detailed questioning of additional comorbid conditions, is critical to reduce mortality.

Association of Blood Leukocytes and Hemoglobin with Hospital Mortality in Acute Pulmonary Embolism.

This study aimed to assess the prognostic significance of total leukocyte count (TLC) and hemoglobin (Hb) levels upon admission for patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE), considering the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) model for mortality risk. 1622 patients from a regional PE registry were included. Decision tree statistics were employed to evaluate the prognostic value of TLC and Hb, both independently and in conjunction with the ESC model. The results indicated all-cause and PE-related in-hospital mortality rates of 10.7% and 6.5%, respectively. Subgrouping patients based on TLC cut-off values (≤11.2, 11.2-16.84, >16.84 × 109/L) revealed increasing all-cause mortality risks (7.0%, 11.8%, 30.2%). Incorporating Hb levels (≤126 g/L or above) further stratified the lowest risk group into two strata with all-cause mortality rates of 10.1% and 4.7%. Similar trends were observed for PE-related mortality. Notably, TLC improved risk assessment for intermediate-high-risk patients within the ESC model, while Hb levels enhanced mortality risk stratification for lower-risk PE patients in the ESC model for all-cause mortality. In conclusion, TLC and Hb levels upon admission can refine the ESC model's mortality risk classification for patients with acute PE, providing valuable insights for improved patient management.

High value healthcare analysis of “triggers” in deteriorating patients

Objective: To review “triggers” for deteriorating patients who required intervention by a medical emergency response team (MET). In addition, to assess whether these “triggers” differed by medical or surgical governance of these patients. A secondary objective was to report laboratory investigations performed via the MET, with particular interest in tests duplicating haemoglobin (Hb) values and their degree of concordance within the context of low-cost, high value inpatient care.Methods: This quality improvement initiative involved a prospective observational cohort of inpatients, who were attended to by the MET at Royal Perth Hospital in Perth, Western Australia over a 2-year period between 2020 and 2022.Results: The mean number of MET calls for inpatients under surgical governance was slightly higher than for those patients under medical governance (1.34 vs. 1.25 calls respectively p = .03). Hypotension triggered a MET call in 184 (40.9%) surgical patients compared to 154 (28%) under medical governance (p < .001). Comparing haemoglobin values obtained from FBP and VBG, Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) was found to be 0.986, 95%CI: 0.983, 0.989. The Bland-Altman limits of agreement suggest that the haemoglobin value on a VBG ranges from 9.55 g/L higher than the FBP to 4.7 g/L lower than the FBP.Conclusions: Significant differences in the frequency of triggers for patients under medical vs surgical governance highlight the need for proactive planning around hypotension management of patients under surgical governance. In addition, understanding the nuances between haemoglobin values obtained from FBP and VBG can help with value-based health care and efficiencies in patient care, since measuring haemoglobin values is one of the key components in hypotension management.

The “Medical Cost” of Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery in Endometrial Cancer in Terms of Anesthesia Comparison with Traditional Laparoscopic Surgery

Objective :Minimally invasive surgeries have important advantages such as lower morbidity, shorter hospital stay, and earlier return to routine life. Robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery (RALS) plays a leading role in the development process of minimally invasive surgery. In this study, we compared patients with endometrial cancer who were operated with RALS and traditional laparoscopic surgery (TLS) methods in terms of processes related to anesthesia, such as peroperative fluid management and transfusion requirement, analgesic strategies, postoperative complications, duration of post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) and hospital stay
 Materials and Methods: Patients with American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) scores II-III, over the age of 18, who were operated for endometrial cancer by TLS or RALS methods between January 2020 and March 2022 were included in the study. Patients age, ASA score, duration of surgery, peroperative fluid management, transfusion requirement, urine output, bleeding, postoperative Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores, the PACU admission were obtained from the standard anesthesia record form and preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin (Hb) values, length of hospital stay were obtained from the electronic database of the hospital. 
 Results: Intravenous fluid input, bleeding and urine output during the operation were statistically lower in group RALS. While there was no difference between the preoperative Hb values of the two groups, the postoperative Hb values were significantly lower in the TLS group. Perioperative bleeding and fluid replacement are lesser and the hospital stay is shorter in RALS. 
 Conclusion: TLS and RALS, which are minimally invasive surgical methods, are used in the treatment of endometrial cancer. The idea that RALS is more costly than TLS should be reconsidered, as RALS reduces costs with less perioperative bleeding and fluid replacement and shorter hospital stay

The effect of uterine massage after vaginal delivery on the duration of placental delivery and amount of postpartum hemorrhage.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of uterine massage performed before placental delivery on the third stage of labor and postpartum hemorrhage after vaginal delivery. The study was designed as a prospective randomized controlled study. Between June 2018 and June 2019, 242 women who gave birth in Istanbul Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital were included in the study. The women were divided into two groups; group 1 received uterine massage after vaginal delivery before placental delivery (n: 128) and group 2 did not receive massage (n: 114). Demographic characteristics, delivery times of the baby and placenta, duration of uterine massage, amount of postpartum hemorrhage and postpartum hemoglobin values of both groups were recorded. Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. Placental output time after delivery was 8.3 ± 4.2min in group 1 and 13.5 ± 6.3min in group 2. The third stage of labor was significantly shorter in group 1 (p = 0.012). The amount of blood loss of 500mL or more after delivery was higher in group 2 but not statistically different (p > 0.05). Hemoglobin value measured within 12-24h after delivery was significantly lower in group 2 (hemoglobin < 8g/dL after 12-24h p = 0.003; hemoglobin < 10g/dL after 12-24h p = 0.001). Delta hb value was also significantly lower in group 2 (p = 0.03). With this result, it was determined that bleeding intense enough to require transfusion was more common in group 2. In patients delivering vaginally, uterine massage before placental delivery shortens the placental delivery time and reduces postpartum hemorrhage. In addition to oxytocin and controlled cord traction to reduce postpartum blood loss, uterine massage should be routinely used in the active management of the third stage of labor. NCT03858569.

Impact of Different Therapies on Haemtological Parameters and Therapeutic Outcome in Subclinical Endometritic Buffaloes

The objective of this study was to compare the effect of administration of intrauterine dextrose, s/c levamisol and intrauterine PGF2α on haematological indices and therapeutic response in endometritic buffaloes. Twenty eight repeat breeder buffaloes with subclinical endometritis were randomly assigned into four groups. Seven animals were kept as Control (untreated C), and the rests were assigned to three treatment group, i.e., T1 (Dextrose I/Ut, 50 mL 4 times on the day of estrus), T2 (Levamisol s/c, @ 2.5 mg/kg b.wt. on day 0, 7 and 14 of the cycle), and T3 (PGF2α I/Ut, @ 0.25 mg in 0.5 mL saline twice, on the day of first and next estrus). Following treatment the values of Hb, TEC and PCV elevated significantly and TLC values dropped to normal or near normal in all three treatment groups as compared to control group. Furthermore, the post-treatment neutrophils and lymphocytes counts were elevated significantly in all four groups. However, there was no any definite pattern of eosinophils and basophils. The therapeutic response (clinical recovery) was 14.29, 71.43, 85.71 and 42.86 % in T0, T1, T2 and T3 group, respectively. The corresponding conception rates were 0.00, 60.00, 66.67 and 66.67 %. The results conclude that, Dextrose intrauterine, Levamisol s/c, and PGF2α intrauterine can be used effectively to manage subclinical endometrtitis in buffaloes.

The effect of white blood cell and platelet values on mortality in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm

Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between preoperative inflammatory markers, length of hospital stay, and mortality in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) who underwent surgical repair.&#x0D; Methods: A total of 83 patients diagnosed with AAA were included in the study. A complete blood count (CBC) was performed on the first visit (pre-op 0-1 hour) in all patients. Non-ruptured cases (AAA) and ruptured cases (AAA-R) were compared.&#x0D; Results: 14.5% (n=12) of the patients died. Higher White blood cells and neutrophils were obtained in patients who died than in surviving patients (respectively, p=0.0002, p=0.001). Higher WBC and NALP in AAA-R patients were determined.&#x0D; Conclusion: WBC and Neu's values were higher in AAA patients who died post-operatively and who were detected rupture pre-operatively but PLT and HB values were similar. Normal or near-normal HB and PLT values that will be seen in the first examination of AAA cases in the emergency department may mislead clinicians or cause them to display a more optimistic attitude.

A Cross Sectional Analysis of Etiology of Anemia Among Elderly Patients

The aim of this study is to evaluate the etiology and features of anemia in elderly patients from the perspective of hematology and to determine the rate of unexplained anemia. The medical records of elderly patients over the age of 65 who applied to the Hematology Department of Ankara Baskent University Hospital between January 2015 and January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. According to WHO criteria, the threshold value accepted for anemia was Hb &amp;lt;12 g/dL for women and &amp;lt;13 g/dL for men. The prevalence of anemia was 18% among 3330 elderly patients. The ratio of women to men diagnosed with anemia was 1.5:1, and the mean age was 77.34±8.32. The mean Hb value was 9.79±1.75 g/dl and decreased significantly with advancing age (p&amp;lt;0.001). Polypharmacy was present in 68.3% of the patients. The etiological distribution of anemia was nutritional anemia in 339 (56.5%), hematologic malignancy in 127 (21.1%), anemia of chronic disease in 125 (20.8%), and unexplained anemia in 58 (9.7%) patients. 72% of the patients with indications for bone marrow biopsy had the procedure. Anemia in the elderly is a challenging issue due to comorbidity, polypharmacy, and problems in further examination. Hematological evaluation of anemia in elderly patients will reduce the rate of unexplained anemia. Patient selection for invasive procedures should be based on a risk-benefit ratio in frail elderly patients.

Evaluation of the Program for Giving Iron Tablets to Young Women

Background: Anemia due to iron deficiency is a prevalent health issue that affects many people, particularly women, from early childhood through adulthood. Bleeding can be a problem for pregnant women who have iron deficiency anemia, among other things, during pregnancy, labor, and the puerperium. Low birth weight, early birth, and problems of growth and development that result in stunting are some of the effects that anemic mothers experience while carrying their unborn children. Adolescent anemia continues up until the point at which the adolescent becomes pregnant. To treat iron-deficient anemia, the government is marketing blood replacement tablets. Pupose of study is to determine the effectiveness of iron tablets, the authors worked with the Klaten District Health Office to compare Hb and ferritin levels in pupils who had received blood tablets for 9 months versus kids who had not had blood tablets. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional research approach and is a case analysis study. The SMP Negeri I Jogonalan Klaten is the research location. Study do in June to September 2022. Respondents are 60 pupils from Klaten Public Middle School I, ages 11 to 14, participated in the survey. Of them, 30 female respondents had taken iron supplements for 9 months (40 weeks), while the remaining 30 served as controls and had not received blood supplements. After being told of the advantages of the study, participants who signed a written informed permission form and agreed to take part in it had their ferritin and hemoglobin levels checked. Results: When compared to the control group's ferritin value of 16.13% and Hb value of 6.45%, the treatment group's ferritin value was low (24.14%) and the Hb value was 10.34%. Conclusion: 20% of young women are still found to have anemia. Young women should be prevent anemia.

Factors Governing the Erythropoietic Response to Intravenous Iron Infusion in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Limited knowledge exists about factors affecting parenteral iron response. A study was conducted to determine the factors influencing the erythropoietic response to parenteral iron in iron-deficient anaemic patients whose kidney function ranged from normal through all stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) severity. This retrospective cohort study included parenteral iron recipients who did not receive erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) between 2017 and 2019. The study cohort was derived from two groups of patients: those managed by the CKD team and patients being optimised for surgery in the pre-operative clinic. Patients were categorized based on their kidney function: Patients with normal kidney function [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2] were compared to those with CKD stages 3-5 (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2). Patients were further stratified by the type of iron deficiency [absolute iron deficiency (AID) versus functional iron deficiency (FID)]. The key outcome was change in hemoglobin (∆Hb) between pre- and post-infusion haemoglobin (Hb) values. Parenteral iron response was assessed using propensity-score matching and multivariate linear regression. The impact of kidney impairment versus the nature of iron deficiency (AID vs. FID) in response was explored. 732 subjects (mean age 66 ± 17 years, 56% females and 87% White) were evaluated. No significant differences were observed in the time to repeat Hb among CKD stages and FID/AID patients. The Hb rise was significantly lower with lower kidney function (non-CKD and CKD1-2; 13 g/L, CKD3-5; 7 g/L; p < 0.001). When groups with different degrees of renal impairment were propensity-score matched according to whether iron deficiency was due to AID or FID, the level of CKD was found not to be relevant to Hb responses [unmatched (∆Hb) 12.1 vs. 8.7 g/L; matched (∆Hb) 12.4 vs. 12.1 g/L in non-CKD and CKD1-2 versus CKD3-5, respectively]. However, a comparison of patients with AID and FID, while controlling for the degree of CKD, indicated that patients with FID exhibited a diminished Hb response regardless of their level of kidney impairment. The nature of iron deficiency rather than the severity of CKD has a stronger impact on Hb response to intravenous iron with an attenuated response seen in functional iron deficiency irrespective of the degree of renal impairment.

Pengaruh Pemberian Vitamin C Kombinasi Fe terhadap Peningkatan Kadar Haemoglobin pada Ibu Hamil di Puskesmas Lubuk Sanai

Anemia is common worldwide, especially in developing countries. Anemia is common in pregnant and lactating women. This is due to her high FE deficiency in pregnant and lactating women. This study, in the work area of the Lubuk Sanai Health Center, aimed to determine the effect of FE with vitamin C on increasing hemoglobin levels in pregnant women. A quasi-experimental study using a non-randomized Twi group pre-test and post-test design. The sampling technique in this study was to use a targeted sampling technique and 32 samples were obtained and divided into 16 control and 16 case respondents. Data collection was based on primary data by confirming Hb and secondary data by examining pregnancy register documents. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used for data analysis. Results showed that the average Hb level of mothers given vitamin C in combination with iron was her 10.362 before treatment and 11.375 after treatment, increasing by 1.013. Mean HB values in the control group were 10.288 before and 10.731 after, an increase of 0.443. At the Lubuk Sanai Health Center, giving a combination of Fe and vitamin C increases H levels in pregnant women. Puskesmas hopes to improve wellness programs to prevent anemia during pregnancy by administering a combination of vitamin C and iron tablets.

Comparison of the application of intra-articular and intravenous tranexamic acid to reduce blood loss during primary total knee arthroplasty

Tranexamic acid (TXA) is frequently administered intravenously because it is recognized as a safe and effective procedure. This study's objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous and intra-articular TXA treatments in patients who have had primary unilateral knee joint replacement. Patients were divided into groups based on TXA applications. Group A patients, those who received intravenous TXA, Group B patients, those who received intraarticular TXA, and Group C patients were intended to serve as the control group. Age, gender, ASA scores, length of hospital stay, preoperative, postoperative, and discharge hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, and the quantity of blood product transfusion given to the patients was analyzed retrospectively. Analysis of the patient’s postoperative Hb values revealed that group C patients had lower Hb values (p &lt; 0.05). Postoperative Hct levels were also seen to be significantly lower in group C individuals (p &lt; 0.05). When the patients' Hb levels were measured at discharge, it was discovered that group C patients had lower Hb levels (p &lt; 0.05). The Hct values of group C patients at discharge were also found to be considerably lower (p &lt; 0.05). It was found that group C patients received significantly more blood transfusions than the other groups (p &lt; 0.05) when the number of patient blood transfusions was compared between the groups. Intravenous and intra-articular TXA successfully minimize blood loss in primary TKA. The benefits of intra-articular administration over intravenous administration include convenience of administration, local application, and a higher level of safety.

Hemoglobin and Its Z Score Reference Intervals in Febrile Children: A Cohort Study of 98,572 Febrile Children.

Febrile disease and age of children were associated with a variation in hemoglobin (Hb) level. Both CRP and Hb serve as laboratory markers that offer valuable insights into a patient's health, particularly in relation to inflammation and specific medical conditions. Although a direct correlation between CRP and Hb levels is not established, the relationship between these markers has garnered academic attention and investigation. This study aimed to determine updated reference ranges for Hb levels for age and investigated its correlation with CRP in febrile children under the age of 18. This is a cohort study of in Chang Gung Memorial Hospitals conducted from January 2010 to December 2019. Blood samples were collected from 98,572 febrile children who were or had been admitted in the pediatric emergency department. The parameters of individuals were presented as the mean ± standard deviation or 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles. We also determined the variation of Hb and Z score of Hb between CRP levels in febrile children. We observed that the Hb levels were the highest immediately after birth and subsequently underwent a rapid decline, reaching their lowest point at around 1-2 months of age, and followed by a steady increment in Hb levels throughout childhood and adolescence. In addition, there was a significant and wide variation in Hb levels during the infant period. It revealed a significant association between higher CRP levels and lower Hb levels or a more negative Z score of Hb across all age subgroups. Moreover, in patients with bacteremia, CRP levels were higher, Hb concentrations were lower, and Z scores of Hb were also lower compared to the non-bacteremia group. Furthermore, the bacteremia group exhibited a more substantial negative correlation between CRP levels and a Z score of Hb (r = -0.41, p < 0.001) compared to the non-bacteremia group (r = -0.115, p < 0.049). The study findings revealed that the Hb references varied depending on the age of the children and their CRP levels. In addition, we established new reference values for Hb and its Z scores and explore their relationship with CRP. It provides valuable insights into the Hb status and its potential association with inflammation in febrile pediatric patients.

In vivo Anti-anaemic Effect of an Aqueous Root Extract of Phyllanthus muellerianus (Kuntze) Exell in Model Rats

Background: Anaemia is a very serious condition in Zambia. One of the plants that has been used traditionally is Phyllanthus muellerianus where different parts of shrub are used to treat a number of diseases in Zambian folklore medicine. Earlier studies have investigated medicinal properties of its aqueous root extracts. This study evaluated the effect of P. muellerianus roots on the haematological indices of albino rats and determined its phytochemical profile. In order to prove this, we carried out phytochemical screening of the root extract and assessed the anti-anaemic effect of the aqueous extract on laboratory rats with tail-bled induced anaemia. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six male albino rats placed in six groups were used for the study. The groups comprised the 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg plant extract, Ranferon (200 mg/kg positive control), anaemic (non-treated control) and a normal (non-anaemic control) groups. Anaemia, induced through bleeding of the rats, was defined as haemoglobin (Hb) levels less than 12 g/dL. The anti-anaemic potential of the plant was determined by comparing its effect on the haematological parameters of rats on treatment to that of the control group. Results: Phytochemical screening revealed positive results for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, steroids, triterpenoids and tannins with varying amounts. After treatment, rats on the 400 mg/kg plant extract dose showed the greatest increase in the mean values for Hb, Packed cell volume (PCV) and RBC count were 43.31.2%, 15.40.3 g/dL and 6.30.3 x106 /L respectively, when compared to the negative control group (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: The aqueous root extract of P. muellerianus was efficacious against anaemia in a dose-dependent manner. The phytochemical compositions seem to be responsible for its haematopoietic properties. Thus, the root decoction of P. muellerianus is useful in alleviating anaemia and the results lend credence to its use in traditional medicine in the management of anaemia.

Red Blood Cell Transfusion Guided by Hemoglobin Only or Integrating Perfusion Markers in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis With Trial Sequential Analysis

Strategies for red blood cell (RBC) transfusion in patients undergoing cardiac surgery have been traditionally anchored to hemoglobin (Hb) targets. A more physiologic approach would consider markers of organ hypoperfusion. The authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Cardiac surgery. Adult patients. RBC transfusion targeting only Hb levels compared with strategies combining Hb values with markers of organ hypoperfusion. Primary outcomes were the number of RBC units transfused, the number of patients transfused at least once, and the average number of transfusions. Secondary outcomes were postoperative complications, intensive care (ICU) and hospital lengths of stay, and mortality. Only 2 RCTs were included (n=257 patients), and both used central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) as a marker of organ hypoperfusion (cut-off: <70% or ≤65%). A transfusion protocol combining Hb and ScvO2 reduced the overall number of RBC units transfused (risk ratio [RR]: 1.57 [1.33-1.85]; p < 0.0001, I2=0%), and the number of patients transfused at least once (RR: 1.33 [1.16-1.53]; p < 0.0001, I2=41%), but not the average number of transfusions (mean difference [MD]: 0.18 [-0.11 to 0.47]; p=0.24, I2=66%), with moderate certainty of evidence. Mortality (RR: 1.29, [0.29-5.77]; p=0.73, I2=0%), ICU length-of-stay (MD: -0.06 [-0.58 to 0.46]; p=0.81, I2=0%), hospital length-of-stay (MD: -0.05 [-1.49 to 1.39];p=0.95, I2=0%), and all postoperative complications were not affected. In adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery, a restrictive protocol integrating Hb values with a marker of organ hypoperfusion (ScvO2) reduces the number of RBC units transfused and the number of patients transfused at least once without apparent signals of harm. These findings were preliminary and warrant further multicentric research.

Systemic inflammatory indices for predicting prognosis of myelofibrosis

The impact of inflammatory markers such as systemic immune-inflammation (SII) index and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) on myelofibrosis (MF) prognosis was evaluated for the first time in this study. Data from 60 patients diagnosed with MF between March 2011 and September 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. In addition to disease-related markers, the impact of SII and SIRI on prognosis was evaluated. In our study, the overall median survival (OS) was 64 months. OS was significantly shorter in patients older than 65 years, with high ferritin and lymphocyte levels, transfusion dependence at diagnosis, platelet count below 100 × 109/L, Hb level below 8 g/dl, and high risk according to the dynamic international prognostic scoring system (DIPSS)-Plus score. When these variables were included in the multivariate Cox regression model, it was found that being older than 65 years, having a high ferritin value, being at high risk according to the DIPSS-plus score and Hb values below 8 increased the risk of death. Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and SII index were lower in patients with a fatal outcome. No statistically significant relationship was found between SIRI and mortality. The findings of this study showed that low PLR and high ferritin were associated with poor prognosis in MF. Elevated SII and SIRI, evaluated for the first time in patients with myelofibrosis, did not predict prognosis. Since non-inflammatory variables play a role in the pathogenesis of MF, bone marrow indicators and systemic inflammation indicators derived from hematologic parameters may not be accurate.

Haematological Changes Following Intramuscular and Per- Rectal Diclofenac Sodium Administration in Dogs undergoing Orchiectomy

A total of 30 Nigerian indigenous male dogs aged 1-2 years (1.65±0.47) and 11-15kg (13.4±1.27) body weight were used for the study. They were randomly allocated into 6 groups of 5 dogs each. Groups A1, B1 and C1 for intramuscular at 2mg/kg, 3mg/kg and 4mg/kg respectively and Groups A2, B2 and C2 for per-rectal at 2mg//kg, 3mg/kg and 4mg/kg. Haematological values of Packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), Red blood cell (RBC), White blood cell (WBC) and Differential leucocyte counts (DLC) of Lymphocyte (LYM), Neutrophils (NEU), Monocyte (MON) and Eosinophils (EOS) were determined. Statistical Package for Social Sciences Software Version 22.0 (SPSS Inc. Chicago. Illinois). General Linear Model (GLM) using repeated measures Analysis of Variance (RM-ANOVA), to compare the mean of different groups at a 95% confidence interval and a 5% level of significance was used. The PCV, Hb and Rbc values of the dogs castrated were within normal range when compared with specie corresponding values. The PCV value was lowest 38.6±1.9 at 2nd hour 2mg/kg for per rectum and highest of 44.1±1.9 at the 9th hour for per rectum at 4mg/kg dose. The Hb value was lowest at 12.9±0.5 at 1st hour for per rectum at 4mg/kg dose and the highest of 15.3±0.8 at 0 hour for intramuscular at 2mg/kg. The Rbc value was lowest at 4.0±1.5 at 4th hour, 2mg/kg for per rectum and the highest of 6.6±0.3 at 7th hour, 2mg/kg. The Total leucocyte count (TLC) values of WBC and DLC also recorded significant differences. There was significant difference (P&lt;0.05) between routes but values remain within normal range of values. This finding shows that the use of Diclofenac as a short term analgesic caused no significant changes on the haematocrit values of dogs when used after castration. This finding has also indicated that short-term use of diclofenac through the per rectum route may be safe and had no deleterious effect on haematological value of Nigerian indigenous male dogs

The protective role of Ageratum conyzoides (Billy goat weed) in cyclophosphamide induced haematological damage and cytogenotoxicity

Medical plants are now explored as alternative for treatment and prevention of various disease conditions. Ageratum conyzoides (A. conyzoides) is a common plant with long traditional medicinal use history. This study investigated the hypothesis that A. conyzoides protects against haematological damage and cytogenotoxicity induced by acute exposure to cyclophosphamide. A total of twenty (24) adult male Wistar rats weighing 208.50±28.3 g was randomly divided into four groups of six animals each. Group 1 served as control group and received 0.5 ml of Tween-20 orally and sterile injection water intraperitoneally on days 1 and 4. Group 2 received 0.5ml of Tween-20 orally and 40 mg/kg body weight of cyclophosphamide intraperitoneally on days 1 and 4. Group 3 received 500 mg/kg body weight of A. conyzoides extract orally and sterile injection water intraperitoneally on days 1 and 4. Group 4 received 500 mg/kg body weight of A. conyzoides extract orally and 40 mg/kg body weight of cyclophosphamide intraperitoneally on days 1 and 4. Oral treatment was daily and lasted for 7 days. Whole blood was collected for complete blood count and assessment of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte ratio, Monocytes-to-Lymphocytes ratio (MLR) and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) as biomarkers of systemic inflammation and immunosuppression; and bone marrow smear were analyzed for micronucleated normochromated and polychromated erythrocytes (MNNCE and MNPCE), and PCE/NCE ratio was scored as index of cytotoxicity following exposure to cycophosphamide and the protective role of A. conyzoides. Our results showed cyclophosphamide caused significant reduction in WBC, platelet, RBC, Hb and PCV values. Also, cyclophosphamide induced significant increased abnormal RBC morphophenotypes, including irregular, teardrop, macrocytes, helmet, fragmented, sickle, burr and target cells, with consequent increase in frequencies of micronucleated polychromatic and micronucleated normochromatic erythrocytes. Interestingly, treatment with A. conyzoides produced a significant amelioration of these cyclophosphamide-mediated effects. The mechanisms by which A. conyzoides ameliorated these toxic effects of cyclophosphamide remain to be fully investigated.

Evaluation of optical coherence tomography parameters before and after parenteral iron treatment of patients with iron deficiency anemia

PurposeThe aim of our study is to evaluate the relationship between iron deficiency anemia (IDA), which is a common and often chronic condition in young women, and the optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings, which have become an indispensable part of ophthalmology practice. We aim to identify a new biomarker for anemia evaluation by demonstrating the morphological changes in the eye before and after iron replacement treatment through OCT findings. Methods70 eyes of 35 patients diagnosed with IDA and planned to have parenteral iron replacement were included in the study. Patients were evaluated before treatment and between 4–6 weeks and 12–16 weeks after treatment. During visits, peripapillary and macular choroidal thicknesses and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thicknesses were evaluated with OCT along with serum hemoglobin(Hb) values. ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 36.80 ± 7.25. All 35 patients (100%) were female. The mean baseline Hb values of the patients increased statistically significantly both after 4–6 weeks and after 12–16 weeks (p < 0.05). A statistically significant difference was found between baseline and third visit in OCT findings in subfoveal, temporal, nasal, peripapillary temporal and peripapillary nasal choroidal thicknesses and total, inferior, nasal and temporal RNFL thicknes (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the baseline and the third visit in the central macular thickness and superior RNFL thickness. ConclusionSignificant increases in choroidal and RNFL thickness were detected after parenteral iron replacement in patients diagnosed with IDA. Our results demonstrate that the changes induced by IDA on the retina can be reversed with treatment.