Hazard Management Research Articles

Cross-Sectional Analysis of Water Access and Health Conditions in Salinity and Cyclone Prone Areas: A Case Study of Nishanbaria Village in Southern Bangladesh

The present study was conducted in Nishanbaria, a remote coastal village of Barguna district, Bangladesh where access to fresh water is the biggest problem due to salinity and cyclones along with poverty. The study applied several research methods (household survey, Key Informant Interviews, Focus Group Discussion, and observation) to conduct a cross-sectional analysis in order to identify the severity of the water problems and their impacts on people's health in this village. The study reveals that drinking and using saline and dirty water for a long time have direct impacts on health; 87.9% of the families had sick members during the field survey in 2022. The major health problems are skin diseases (according to 30.65 % of the respondents), gastric problems (25.39%), and waterborne diseases (19.35%). According to 90.3% of residents, the salinity of water has a direct impact on pregnancy and children's health and well-being. As the majority of the people collect drinking water from tube wells (80.43%), the number of people using tube wells goes down to only 24.4% after cyclones. Women are the main water collectors in this village; drinking water is collected by female members in 86.86% of the families, domestic water in 98.19%, and water for cleaning purposes in 93.56% of the families. Women are at risk of health problems; different types of pains (according to 49.36% of the residents), accidents (34.33%), and gender-based violence stem from carrying water from distant sources. Poverty (97.84% of the residents live below the poverty line) creates disparity among the residents in accessing proper treatments for all these health problems as well as collecting fresh water from distant sources. A comprehensive and context-based hazard and disaster management plan is required to help this disaster-prone village in improving freshwater availability, and their health and well-being. The Dhaka University Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vol. 12(2), 2023, P 15-26

Assessing Injury Rates to Red-tailed Hawks Live-captured Using Three Common Methods

Abstract Assessments of the impact of live-capture methods and tools are important to wildlife research and management efforts. Federal regulations (e.g., the Migratory Bird Treaty Act and the Animal Welfare Act) require humane and ethical treatment of migratory birds. Therefore, it is important to conduct live-trapping using methodologies that minimize the potential for injury or mortality. We evaluated the injury rate experienced by red-tailed hawks Buteo jamaicensis captured using three, commonly-used live-traps (i.e., bal-chatri trap, Swedish goshawk trap, and pole trap). Professional wildlife biologists at airports in Illinois live-captured 25 free-ranging red-tailed hawks using bal-chatri traps, 42 red-tailed hawks using Swedish goshawk traps, and 25 red-tailed hawks using pole traps. Of the red-tailed hawks (n = 53) identified by a veterinary forensic pathologist as having one or more capture-related injuries, 85% of the injuries were classified as ‘minor’ (e.g., cuts or scrapes), 13% were classified as ‘moderate’ (e.g., hemorrhaging), and only 2% were classified as ‘severe’ (e.g., fractures). When considering only injuries classified as ‘moderate’ and ‘severe’, we found no difference (χ21 = 0.38, P = 0.54) in the frequency of these injuries among the three trap types. The three live-trap devices we evaluated can be efficient tools that result in minimal risk of injury or death when used by those with proper training and experience to live-capture red-tailed hawks for research purposes, while conducting raptor hazard management activities, or licensed falconers acquiring wild red-tailed hawks.

A comprehensive Analysis of the Application of GIS and RS Technologies in Flood Prediction and Risk Assessment, with a Focus on Wadi Baysh Dam in the Jazan region. KSA

This study uses GIS spatial analysis and open-source data based on flood hazards formulas to provide a thorough analysis and forecast of floods using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS). The Wadi Baysh Dam overflowed with water in 2016 as a result of the torrential downpour that hit the dam, its streams, and the surrounding surroundings results the increasing the storage capacity. In terms of water reserves, it is the dam that is thought to be the biggest in the Kingdom. Some settlements in Baysh, which are under siege since their highways are blocked off, suffered greatly as a result of flooding. However the storage capacity of Wadi Baysh Dam around 200 million cubic meters of water. In order to identify the actual Wadi Baysh flood-vulnerable area, this study combined data from remote sensing, the Geographic Information System (GIS) technique, and an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) computation. The investigation was carried out to determine the viability of using remote sensing open-source data,basemap of the study area andArcGIS10.4 software in Wadi Baysh risk management. Slope (10%), height (15%), drainage density (20%), distance to stream (20%), rainfall intensity (25%), and land cover (10%) all have a proportion of relative weight that determines how flooding is analyzed. As a result of the most recent GIS analysis (weighted overlay approach), five zones are identified within the extracted flood region based on the categories of hazard. There are ten blocks in all—five in a high-risk area and five in a moderately dangerous one. The paper looks at the flood risk in Wadi Baysh using a combination and integration betweenremote sensing opensources data and GIS models. High precipitation and runoff in the dam’s downstream sections will be the main cause of difficulties, causing a great deal of death and destruction to agricultural and urban areas. Eventually, a control room connected to the GIS model and remote sensing devices will be needed in this valley to implement an efficient warning system and flood hazard management system.

Assessment of Innovative Technologies for Hazardous Waste Treatment and Remediation Review: A Sustainable Approach for Environmental Protection

<p>The management of hazardous waste is a critical environmental challenge that requires innovative and sustainable solutions to mitigate adverse impacts on ecosystems and human health. This research project aims to assess and evaluate cutting-edge technologies for the treatment and remediation of hazardous waste, focusing on their sustainability and effectiveness in environmental protection. The study will investigate various innovative methods such as advanced oxidation processes, bioremediation techniques, nanotechnology applications, and green chemistry strategies. These technologies offer promising opportunities to address hazardous waste contamination while minimizing resource consumption and environmental footprints. The research will include a comprehensive review of existing literature, case studies, and technical reports to gather insights into the performance, cost-effectiveness, and environmental benefits of these innovative technologies. Special emphasis will be placed on evaluating their applicability across different types of hazardous waste, ranging from industrial chemicals and pollutants to electronic waste and persistent organic pollutants. Furthermore, the study will analyze regulatory frameworks, policy implications, and socio-economic factors influencing the adoption and implementation of these technologies in diverse industrial sectors and geographical regions. Through rigorous assessment and analysis, this research aims to provide valuable insights and recommendations for stakeholders, policymakers, and environmental practitioners involved in hazardous waste management. The findings will contribute to advancing sustainable approaches for addressing hazardous waste challenges, promoting environmental protection, and fostering a circular economy mindset in waste management practices.</p>

Waste Lubricant Oil Management: A Review of Technical Aspects and Regulatory Compliance

PT X, one of the largest coal mining companies in Indonesia, is located in Berau District, East Kalimantan. The company's mining activities produce waste lubricant oil, a dominant hazardous waste containing toxic materials that can significantly pollute the environment if not properly managed. Given the critical importance of managing waste lubricant oil, Indonesia has established several regulations for hazardous waste management. This study aims to evaluate both the technical aspects and regulatory compliance of PT X's waste lubricant oil management by comparing existing practices with technical criteria and applicable regulations. The methodology involves assessing the capacity of hazardous waste storage facilities based on the generation of waste lubricant oil, regulatory requirements, and transportation frequency, alongside compliance assessments of packaging, storage, and in situ utilization practices. Results indicate that PT X's storage capacity for waste lubricant oil is adequate and that its internal management practices fully comply with regulations. However, nonconformities were found in the hazardous waste management practices of third-party entities, particularly in packaging and storage. This research highlights the need for improved monitoring and regulation of third-party waste management practices to ensure comprehensive compliance and environmental protection.

The role of social capital in building community disaster resilience –empirical evidences from rural China

The paper investigates the role of social capital in hazard management in a case area which was overwhelmingly swept by flood in mid-2021. The interplay among social capital, hazard preparedness, response and recovery are explored by using structure equation modeling. Data were gathered from over 413 villages from August 2021 to September 2021, which is one month after the flood occurred. Research findings show that villagers in region with abundant social capital are more likely to contribute to hazard preparedness. We have also confirmed the positive role of social capital in restraining the pursuit of self-interests. Villagers are more willing to help others, and take care of vulnerable population when the hazard strikes. However, it is surprising to note that social capital fails to motivates residents to make preparedness plans for future risks. This retreat effect exists when big loss occurred and failed to meet local people's expectations. Overall, this study implies that the impact of social capital on hazard risk management is extremely complex and such complexity should not be attribute solely to divergent forms of network relationship. The above conclusion enables policy makers to pay attention to the psychological foundation of social capital while cultivating it.

Performance of logistic regression and support vector machine conjunction with the GIS and RS in the landslide susceptibility assessment: Case study in Nakhon Si Thammarat, southern Thailand

The occurrence of landslides has risen in the past few decades, particularly in mountainous regions worldwide, including Nakhon Si Thammarat, southern Thailand. Despite various methods being employed for the initial management of landslide disasters, none have proven universally effective. The goal of this research is to create and assess landslide susceptibility maps (LSMs) within this area by employing support vector machine (SVM) and logistic regression, together with Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) techniques. Eleven factors contributing to landslides were identified as topographic, environmental, and geological influences. The 365 landslides in the past were aimlessly selected into training (70%) and testing (30%) datasets. The four LSMs indicated that approximately 13%–20% of this study area exhibit a high susceptibility to landslides corresponding to the regions of high elevation with relatively steep slope angles. To evaluate and compare LSM models, the AUC value for training dataset were 0.977, 0.975, 0.958, and 0.967 and testing dataset were 0.973, 0.969, 0.956, and 0.964 for SVM with the radial basis function (rbf) kernel, SVM with polynomial deg 2, SVM with linear kernel and logistic regression models, respectively. Among these models, SVMs with rbf demonstrated the highest prediction rate. However, it requires a significant amount of time to choose the best parameters for achieving the highest accuracy prediction. In summary, these maps are applicable at the regional level to enhance the management of landslide hazards.

Safety climate and occupational hazard management: an analysis from the perspective of employees of the sugar-alcohol sector in the interior of São Paulo

The aim of this research was to identify employees' perceptions of the safety climate and the management of occupational accident risk in the sugar-alcohol sector. Thus, an online questionnaire survey with closed and structured questions was applied to a sample of 171 respondents, selected for convenience. In the process of analyzing the data, Excel software was used to calculate the percentage probability and show the variable with the highest or lowest percentage occurrence. The results show that the employees' statements indicate that the companies have shown concern for their employees' well-being. 61% of them, for example, stated that occupational safety is a priority for the management of the companies they work for. However, despite these findings, companies need to review their bonus practices, as only 26.9% of the 171 respondents said that bonuses were distributed correctly. This study's contribution to the sector, as an object of analysis, consists of identifying employees' perceptions of the safety climate and the risks of accidents at work that they feel in the organizations to which they belong. It also highlights the importance of the topic for managers, who are faced with the challenge of looking after the physical and mental health of their employees in a sector which, due to its specific characteristics, is outlined by constant danger.

Hazardous waste management of novel non-edible Platycladus orientalis seed oil via recyclable yttria-based phyto-nanocatalyst: A practical approach towards sustainable bioenergy conversion

In current scenario of rising issues of economic crises, ecotoxicity and waste management, the search of novel, waste and non-food biomass for green energy production has become indispensable. This study is concerned with Platycladus orientalis, a novel feedstock with a seed oil concentration of 28 % (w/w), optimized via simulation-based response surface methodology (RSM) for biodiesel production. To enhance catalytic activity during transesterification, novel Yttria-based green metallic oxide, a phyto-nanocatalyst, was synthesized using Platycladus orientalis dried seed cones aqueous extract. The Yttria-based phytonanocatalyst was characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDX that confirmed its structural and elemental composition with 12 nm nano-size and demonstrated the high catalytic efficiency. The optimal conditions for biodiesel synthesis were identified as methanol-to-oil ratio (7:1), catalyst concentration (0.14 wt%), reaction time (105 min), and reaction temperature (80 °C) with remarkable biodiesel yield (96 %). The reusability of the Yttria-based green nanoparticles was assessed over six reaction cycles. Methyl ester formation was validated through FTIR, GC–MS, and NMR analyses. The fuel properties were found to fall within the range recommended by the international biodiesel standards i.e. flash point of 90 °C, density of 0.614 kg/L, viscosity of 4.21 cSt, pour point of −8 °C, cloud point of −10 °C, total acid number of 0.124 mg KOH/g and sulfur content of 0.00002 wt%. With its prolific seed production and wide distribution, Platycladus orientalis is a highly recommendable species for sustainable and eco-friendly biodiesel production. This study contributes to the evolving field of green catalysis, offering a viable solution to environmental issues and waste management challenges in the biodiesel industry.

RadWet-L: A Novel Approach for Mapping of Inundation Dynamics of Forested Wetlands Using ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 L-Band Radar Imagery

The ability to accurately map tropical wetland dynamics can significantly contribute to a number of areas, including food and water security, protection and enhancement of ecosystems, flood hazard management, and our understanding of natural greenhouse gas emissions. Yet currently, there is not a tractable solution for mapping tropical forested wetlands at high spatial and temporal resolutions at a regional scale. This means that we lack accurate and up-to-date information about some of the world’s most significant wetlands, including the Amazon Basin. RadWet-L is an automated machine-learning classification technique for the mapping of both inundated forests and open water using ALOS ScanSAR data. We applied and validated RadWet-L for the Amazon Basin. The proposed method is computationally light and transferable across the range of landscape types in the Amazon Basin allowing, for the first time, regional inundation maps to be produced every 42 days at 50 m resolution over the period 2019–2023. Time series estimates of inundation extent from RadWet-L were significantly correlated with NASA-GFZ GRACE-FO water thickness (Pearson’s r = 0.96, p < 0.01), USDA G-REALM lake hight (Pearson’s r between 0.63 and 0.91, p < 0.01), and in situ river stage measurements (Pearson’s r between 0.78 and 0.94, p < 0.01). Additionally, we conducted an evaluation of 11,162 points against the input ScanSAR data revealing spatial and temporal consistency in the approach (F1 score = 0.97). Serial classifications of ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 ScanSAR data by RadWet-L can provide unique insights into the spatio-temporal inundation dynamics within the Amazon Basin. Understanding these dynamics can inform policy in the sustainable use of these wetlands, as well as the impacts of inundation dynamics on biodiversity and greenhouse gas budgets.

Changes in the spatial variability of extreme precipitation characteristics across Peninsular India

Through a comprehensive analysis, this study portrays the changing spatial variability of extreme precipitation characteristics as a consequence of a gradually warming climate in peninsular India. In particular, it emphasizes the coastal areas that are under increased exposure to frequent extreme events in the recent past. Different extreme precipitation characteristics are considered, and the change points are identified based on their trend, mean and standard deviation. Changes in the spatiotemporal variability of extreme precipitation characteristics are identified through empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs). Our findings illustrate the occurrence of discernible changes almost all over the region with varying time points (1970 to 2011), and the extremes with higher thresholds exhibit more prominent changes. More importantly, a notable disparity in extreme indices expressing intensity is observed between the eastern and western coastal regions: change points for the eastern coastal areas (the Bay of Bengal side) predominantly emerged in the post-1980s, in contrast to the pre-1980s points across the western coastal (the Arabian Sea side) regions. Furthermore, after 2001, the spatial coverage of the western region notably expanded, as indicated by a significant increase in wet extremes, including those at the southernmost tip of India. Concurrently, extreme dry events significantly decreased across most of southern India during this period. On the other hand, the intensification of precipitation has become more prominent towards the Bay of Bengal side than towards the Arabian Sea side. This may be attributed to the increased cyclonic activity in the Bay of Bengal. Overall, the findings of this study will aid in understanding the evolving spatial pattern of extreme precipitation indices and will contribute to better management of extreme events and related hazards across peninsular India.

Trend Analysis of MODIS Land Surface Temperature and Land Cover in Central Italy

Land Surface Temperature (LST) is an important climate factor for understanding the relationship between the land surface and atmosphere. Furthermore, LST is linked to soil moisture and evapotranspiration, which can potentially alter the severity and regime of wildfires, landslide-triggering precipitation thresholds, and others. In this paper, the monthly daytime and nighttime LST products of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) are employed for the period 2000–2023 in order to find areas that have been cooling or warming in a region of great interest in Central Italy, due to its complex geological and geomorphological settings and its recent seismic sequences and landslide events. The annual MODIS land cover images for 2001–2022 are also utilized to investigate the interconnection between LST and land cover change. The results of the non-parametric Mann–Kendall trend test and its associated Sen’s slope reveal a significant nighttime warming trend in the region, particularly in July, linked to forest and woodland expansion. Grasslands toward the coastline with low elevation (less than 500 m a.s.l.) have experienced significant heat waves during the summer, with an LST of more than 35 °C. A significant negative correlation between the elevation and LST is observed for each calendar month. In particular, the daytime and nighttime LST have more than 80% correlation with elevation during winter and summer, respectively. In addition, nighttime warming and gradual drainage are noticed in Lake Campotosto. The results of this study could be useful for wildfire and landslide susceptibility analyses and hazard management.

Identification and Overcome the Harmful Situations Related to Chemical with the Help of Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Using Failure Mode and Effective Analysis (FMEA) Method

Exposure of Chemical are a major occupational health and safety issue in chemical work place industry. Management of chemical hazards requires the combined efforts of occupational health and safety specialists, including generalist OHS professionals, occupational hygienists, and occupational health practitioners. This Research is about analysis of Hazards and their developed Control Measures in industrial chemicals, the manner in which their toxicity is assessed and the use of such assessments in regulatory decision-making. It begins with general points concerning toxicological data availability and hazard identification, then moves on to risk assessment and occupational exposure limits, and finally looks briefly at some standard specific toxicological issues, where the science is far from resolved after brief consideration of the historical context of chemical reactivity and toxicity issues, acute and chronic exposure, chemical hazard classification systems, and the identification, risk assessment, and control of chemical hazards

Fire emergency response system at PT X based on International Safety Rating System (ISRS)

Fire is the unwanted occurrence of fire. Preparedness in the face of catastrophic fire events is part of the Occupational Safety and Health (K3) standards that must be implemented in the company. PT X is a company engaged in concrete manufacturing. In the production process, many potential hazards, such as fires, can cause losses. This research aims to study the fire emergency response system at PT X. The method used is descriptive research, with data collection done cross-sectionally. The analysis was carried out descriptively by clearly and thoroughly describing the condition of the object of study and comparing it with the applicable regulatory standards. The results showed that PT X had implemented a fire emergency response system and efforts to prevent and overcome fire hazards. PT X's efforts include forming a firefighting team providing fire hazard management facilities such as fire extinguishers, fire blankets, first aid kits, evacuation stretchers, and other infrastructure facilities. PT X has conducted fire emergency response and first-aider training for employees and workers. This research concludes that PT X has implemented an emergency response system well and refers to the International Safety Rating System.

SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

This paper presents a systematic approach to environmental management of pollution and/or hazards caused by construction projects. It proposes a qualitative approach to assess and control the problem and a method to calculate the Construction Pollution Index (CPI) which provides a quantitative measurement of pollution and/or hazards caused by the construction projects. Questionnaires were distributed to the organization and the results were made into percentage, level of readiness index and regression test to analyze the organizations responds. Results was analyzed through Statistical Package for the Social Sciences tools Environmental impact assessments (EIA) and environmental management systems (EMS) enable organizations to identify, access and manage environmental impacts throughout a development's lifecycle, improving overall environmental performance. Based on the analysis and discussions, the paper further proposes that major construction companies should obtain ISO 14001 Environmental Management System (EMS) certifications. Keywords: environmental management, hazards, Environmental impact assessments (EIA), environmental management systems (EMS).

Removal and risk assessment of emerging contaminants and heavy metals in a wastewater reuse process producing drinkable water for human consumption

This study focuses on the removal and risk assessment of twenty emerging contaminants (ECs) and heavy metals in a REMIX water treatment plant (RWTP) that produces drinking water from combination of wastewater reuse and desalination. The membrane biological reactor (MBR) exhibit removal rates exceeding 95% of pharmaceuticals like acetaminophen, trimethoprim, diclofenac, naproxen, and emtricitabine. The efficiency of brackish reverse osmosis (BWRO) in removing ECs is highlighted, showing substantial efficacy with reduction rates of 99.5%, 75.5%, and 51.2% for sulfamethoxazole, venlafaxine, and benzotriazole, respectively. The advanced oxidation process based on Fenton process reveals removal (>95%) of emtricitabine, efavirenz, and carbamazepine. The study confirms that the combination of treatment units within the RWTP effectively removes heavy metals (>90%), complying with acceptable limits. Risk quotient (RQ) calculations indicate the efficiency of the RWTP in EC removal, serving as benchmarks for public acceptance of reclaimed water. In the context of heavy metals, the study concludes negligible cancer risks associated with reclaimed water consumption over a lifetime. Quantitative structure-activity relationship and occurrence, persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity (OPBT) models were used to assess EC risk. The study screened and identified potential persistant, bio accumulating and toxic PBT ECs. Critical control points (CCPs) in the RWTP are identified, with brackish and seawater reverse osmosis (BWRO and SWRO) and advanced oxidation process (AOP) recognized as pivotal in hazard management. The study provides valuable insights on the removal of ECs and heavy metals in a wastewater reuse process and demonstrates potential of adopted process configuration in supplying safe drinking water from wastewater recycling.

Bluff retreat in North Carolina: harnessing resident and land use professional surveys alongside LiDAR remote sensing and GIS analysis for coastal management insights

Bluff landforms, sought-after for housing and development, present a hazard management challenge due to erosional processes despite the perceived safety of elevated land. This study focuses on the Neuse River Estuary in North Carolina, exploring coastal risk perception and erosion. A survey protocol was developed, and questionnaires targeted 246 residents with property within 100 m of the shoreline and 54 land use professionals in Craven County. To explore the connection of individual experiences with erosion, we use openly accessible LiDAR to quantify bluff retreat and erosion between 2014 and 2020, a period that encompasses Hurricane Florence in 2018. Our findings show: 1) survey results reveal a consensus among residents, with 90% observing alterations attributed to storm impacts, 2) preferences for addressing erosion lean towards structural measures, aligning with existing protection strategies (e.g., bulkheads, rip-rap) as opposed to nature-based solutions, 3) bluff tops are eroding at a higher median rate of -0.59 m per year, compared to -0.19 m per year for high sediment banks, and 4) an overall net volume decrease of approximately -1.89 cubic meters per year for Craven County, slightly more than the overall net loss for the Neuse River Estuary, which was -1.74 cubic meters per year. The findings underscore the need for a cohesive bluff erosion management plan, emphasizing the complexity of challenges and the importance of a holistic approach that combines technical studies with effective risk communication.

Factors Influencing Adherence to Hazardous Waste Management Policy Frameworks among Health Workers in Private Hospitals in Nairobi County – Kenya

Purpose: This study, therefore, sought to investigate the factors influencing the adherence to hazardous waste management guidelines among healthcare workers in private hospitals in Nairobi County. The specific objectives of the study included; determining the level of adherence to proper HCWM practices among health workers, identifying the individual related factors that influence adherence to proper HCWM practices among health workers, and identifying the health facility-related (institutional) factors that influence adherence to proper HCWM practices in 4 selected hospitals in Nairobi County Kenya. From the population of 900 healthcare workers from 4 levels 4 facilities, random sampling was applied to identify the 90 respondents. Methodology: Data analysis and reporting was done using appropriate quantitative methods. Findings: The findings from this study show that the level of adherence to hazardous waste management policies among healthcare workers in private level four hospitals in Nairobi County is low. Despite the high level of awareness by the health workers on the important measures of collection, segregation, treatment, transportation and disposal of waste, the level of performance on the same is low. This is greatly attributable to negligence and unfavorable attitude towards healthcare waste management practices among healthcare workers. Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: Based on the study findings, we would recommend the improvement of hazardous waste management efficiency.

Individual-Related Factors Influencing Adherence to Hazardous Waste Management Policy Frameworks among Health Workers in Private Hospitals in Nairobi County – Kenya

Purpose: This study, therefore, sought to investigate the individual related factors influencing the adherence to hazardous waste management guidelines among healthcare workers in 4 selected hospitals in Nairobi County Kenya. From the population of 900 healthcare workers from 4 levels 4 facilities, random sampling was applied to identify the 90 respondents. Methodology: Data analysis and reporting was done using appropriate quantitative methods. Findings: The findings from this study show that the level of contribution of individual related factors towards adherence to hazardous waste management policies among healthcare workers in private level four hospitals in Nairobi County is low. Despite the high level of awareness by the health workers on the important measures of collection, segregation, treatment, transportation and disposal of waste, the level of performance on the same is low. This is greatly attributable to negligence and unfavorable attitude towards healthcare waste management practices among healthcare workers. Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: Based on the study findings, we would recommend the improvement of individual related factors on hazardous waste management among healthcare workers.

Assessment of the Level of Adherence to Hazardous Waste Management Policy Frameworks among Health Workers in Private Hospitals in Nairobi County - Kenya

Purpose: This study, therefore, sought to assess the level of adherence to hazardous waste management guidelines among healthcare workers in private hospitals in Nairobi County. From the population of 900 healthcare workers from 4 levels 4 facilities, random sampling was applied to identify the 90 respondents. Methodology: Data analysis and reporting was done using appropriate quantitative methods. Findings: The findings from this study show that the level of adherence to hazardous waste management policies among healthcare workers in private level four hospitals in Nairobi County is low. Despite the high level of awareness by the health workers on the important measures of collection, segregation, treatment, transportation and disposal of waste, the level of performance on the same is low. This is greatly attributable to negligence and unfavorable attitude towards healthcare waste management practices among healthcare workers. Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: Based on the study findings, we would recommend the improvement of adherence of hazardous waste management efficiency.