Hazard Identification Methods Research Articles

Identification of Occupational Safety and Health Hazards at Paint and Welding Workshop using the HIRARC Method

Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is important for every company to pay attention to. Preventing work accidents can be done by knowing the existing risks, one of which is through the Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control (HIRARC) method. Body Repair, Paint, and Welding Workshop "Family 99" is a small to medium-sized entrepreneurship that operates in car repair, paint, and welding services. The research aims to analyze the potential dangers found in the Body Repair, Paint and Welding Workshop "Family 99". Hazard identification was conducted in the workshop work area, with research respondents totaling three active workers. The data collection employed observation and interviews with a descriptive approach. According to the research results obtained from a total of 14 work stages analyzed, two stages had the highest risk value, namely the paint peeling stage with a risk value of 12, and the first, second, and third sanding stages with a risk value of 9. Controls that can be carried out to reduce risks include administrative controls and the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for workers to work safely and comfortably.

Analisis Potensi Bahaya Kerja pada Proyek Pembangunan Pintu Masuk Utama di Bandara Sultan Kaharuddin Sumbawa dengan Metode HAZOP

The construction of the main entrance to Sumbawa's Sultan Kaharuddin Airport was carried out by CV. Swadaya Mas Engineering. Based on the results of observations in the field, potential work accidents were discovered. HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Study) is a systematic, thorough, and structured hazard identification method for identifying various problems. The results of the analysis at the airport are 50% with extreme potential risk (Extreme Risk), 25% with high-risk level (High Risk), 25% with moderate risk level (Moderate Risk), and 14% with low-risk level (Low Risk) and potential classification There are 29% potential hazards in the work attitude classification. 14% potential danger in work procedure classification, and 57% potential danger in workplace classification. Suggestions for improvement (1) organize materials to make them neater by installing warning gates, (2) implement SOP and provide outreach to workers regarding the importance of K3 and the use of APD, (3) directly implement the priority of using APD. Keywords: Construction of Sumbawa Airport Entrance, CV. Swadaya Mas Engineering, HAZOP

Research on high-rise building risk identification and safety risk factor analysis

High-rise building is the trend of the future construction industry and the symbol of the continuous development of urbanization in China. However, safety accidents often occur during the construction of high-rise buildings, which bring people property losses, and sometimes even endanger the safety of life. Therefore, in order to effectively reduce the construction safety accident rate and improve the level of risk management, the construction of high-rise building safety risk focus on and research. This paper first analyzes the construction characteristics of high-rise buildings and accident types. According to the accident cause theory and hazard identification method, the major hazard sources in high-rise building construction are identified. Finally, this paper analyzes the construction of high-rise building risk factors. This paper can provide a theoretical basis for the construction of high-rise building safety risk assessment system, and provide a scientific and reliable risk management platform for the relevant units, so as to improve the safety awareness and risk management level of construction personnel.

Assessment of passenger safety risk level on the Transjakarta public transportation system

Passenger safety is a crucial factor in public transportation, especially now when people prefer using public transport due to its cost-effectiveness compared to private vehicles. This study aims to identify and assess the hazards that can occur in the passenger cabin of a bus and the procedures to be followed in the event of an accident. The assessment of passenger safety levels is conducted using the Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) and Hazard Identification (HIRADC) methods, which are designed to identify and evaluate these potential hazards. This research, after thorough examination and study, aims to establish new protocols that can further enhance passenger safety. With the actions suggested by the author to ward off all these potential hazards, it is hoped that the hazard level will be reduced from extreme to medium and so on. The research study, “Assessment of Passenger Safety Risk on the Transjakarta Public Transportation System,” has the potential to make a substantial contribution to sustainable transportation. In line with sustainable development goals, it immediately tackles safety concerns in the Transjakarta system, improving all-around safety and promoting public transportation over private vehicles. By lowering accident-related expenses, promoting inclusiveness, and enhancing community well-being, the study also indirectly increases resource efficiency. In essence, it contributes to a more secure, egalitarian, and sustainable urban transportation system while advancing Jakarta’s sustainable mobility strategy by placing safety first.

Penerapan Manajemen Risiko Kecelakaan Kerja pada Proyek Penggantian Jembatan Tukad Ayung Denpasar, Bali

Management of occupational accident risk involves systematic, planned, structured, and comprehensive efforts to mitigate the factors that contribute to the occurrence of work accidents. This study aims to examine the risk of work accidents in the Tukad Ayung Bridge replacement project, especially at the stage of installing concrete girders. Qualitative and quantitative data from primary and secondary sources were used, collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires, literature review, and documentation analysis. The Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control (HIRARC) method is used for data analysis. The findings revealed 24 types of work accident risks at seven stages of concrete block installation in the project including the concrete girder preparation stage, girder truss making, erection (setting segmental girder), prestressed steel installation (strand), cabel strand stressing work, concrete girder tendon grouting, and diaphragm installation stage. The results of the risk analysis on the concrete girder installation work on the Tukad Ayung Bridge replacement project, are in the moderate category, which is as many as 12 risks. Furthermore, as many as 11 risks are included in the high category. Meanwhile, in the extreme category as much as 1 risk.

ANALISA RESIKO KESELAMATAN KERJA KARYAWAN PRODUKSI SEPATU DIVISI NIKE DENGAN METODE HIRARC (HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK ASSESSMENT, AND RISK CONTROL) DI PT. NIKOMAS GEMILANG

Occupational Safety and Health (K3) is an issue that must be considered by all organizations, for example in industry. Based on observations and interviews of the production department at the Nike Division of PT. Nikomas Gemilang, There have been work accidents ranging from light to severe categories. The Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control (HIRARC) method in the production process with hazard identification steps (Hazard Identification), risk assessment (Risk Assessment) classifies based on the severity of the hazard posed (Severity). The last step is to multiply the Likelihood value and Severity value that will be mapped into the Risk Matrix. Hazard identification using Job Safety Analysis (JSA) 33 potential hazards were obtained in the production section at PT. Nikomas Resplendent Nike Division. There are 3 types of hazards that exist in the entire production process, namely: ergonomic hazards, physical hazards and chemical hazards. From the results of the risk assessment, it was found that the risk in the Low category was 11 (34%) potential, while in the Medium category there were 10 (30%) potentials, the High category as many as 8 (24%) potentials and the Very High category 4 (12%) potentials. Control that can be done to reduce risk is the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for workers, so that workers can safely and comfortably work and are installed warning signs in every corner of the room to prevent accidents

Structure model-based hazard identification method for autonomous ships

There is great interest in the practical use of autonomous ships. Although it is important to identify and address serious hazards at the initial design stage when constructing complicated large-scale systems, it is difficult to capture the entire structure of such a system. To address this issue, in this study, we propose the structure model–based hazard identification (SMB-HAZID) method, which is suitable for performing hazard identification of autonomous ships. The primary feature of this method is performing hazard identification using structure and task (ST) diagrams, a checklist, and keywords. The method includes a modeling method that can describe the overall structure of the system together with each component's tasks, information necessary for task execution, and interactions among the components in an ST diagram. In addition, this paper presents an example of using this method to perform hazard identification of a hypothetical autonomous ship at the early design stage. Through this trial application, we confirmed that SMB-HAZID is suitable for analyzing hazards within an autonomous ship. In our future research, we will improve the proposed method by developing and incorporating a technique for quantifying or semi-quantifying risks corresponding to the identified hazards.

Operational safety hazard identification methodology for automated driving systems fleets

The safety of Automated Driving Systems (ADS) operating as Mobility as a Service (MaaS) depends on multiple factors in addition to the vehicle’s functionality, reliability, and performance. Currently, no comprehensive approach has been formally developed to identify operational safety hazards and define the operational safety responsibilities of the key agents involved in Level 4 (L4) ADS MaaS operations. This work develops and applies a structured hazard identification methodology for this operation. The methodology leverages and complements the strengths of various hazard identification and modeling methods, including Event Sequence Diagram (ESD), Concurrent Task Analysis (CoTA), System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA), and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA). The methodology is applied to analyze the operation of a fleet of L4 ADS vehicle fleets without a safety driver, monitored and supervised by remote operators. The results highlight the fleet operator’s role in ensuring the correct vehicle operation and preventing and mitigating incidents. The analysis demonstrates the developed methodology’s strengths and suitability for operational safety analysis of complex systems’ operations, considering the inherent complexity of the interactions between multiple human and machine agents.

THE INFLUENCE OF SAFETY INDUCTION DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE AT PT. KUNANGO JANTAN PEKANBARU

Based on the company's data percentage of work accident rate is 37.14% and medical expenses incurred Rp.89.637.490,00 for it required a policy and organizational commitment that mutually influential and related to each other so that the system is running well and optimal One satunys by designing and making safety induction to inform the company condition in general and special by using The Hazard Operability Study (HAZOP) method for hazard identification method in the area and using morphology diagram method for the best alternative and concept in the design used in this research. Based on the results of evaluation of the results by distributing questionnaires to the respondents ie visitors and employees each amounted to 15 pieces, obtained a conclusion 98.67% of visitors and 97.33% of employees said the safety induction is feasible and already meet the requirements to use.

Proposal of Implementation Support Method and Means for Hazard Identification at the Design Phase of Machinery

機械災害を防止するためには，第一に，機械の設計段階においてリスクアセスメント（RA）及びリスク低減を実施することが不可欠であり，その原則と手順が国際規格ISO 12100で定められ，厚生労働省の「機械の包括的な安全基準に関する指針」もこれに従う．しかし，RAを行うには機械の安全に対する一定の知識とある程度の習熟が求められ，その「難しさ」を理由に必ずしも浸透していない現状がある．そこで，本研究では，標準化されたRAの手順において最も重要なステップである「危険源の同定」に着目し，機械安全に関連するISO ／IEC規格の要求事項や規定された基準を活用することで，機械安全の知識が限られた設計者でも最低限同定すべき危険源を認識できるよう支援する方法を提案する．これは，機械安全を我が国に先行して推進してきた欧州連合（EU）の考え方を参考に考案したもので，機械安全の知識に関わらずに設計者が技術的視点から客観的に設計対象機械に潜在する危険源を認識できるようにするものである．さらに本研究では，提案する方法を実行する具体的な支援手段の例としてデスクトップPC上で動作するアプリケーションツールを試作した．労働安全コンサルタントによる動作確認の結果，設計者にとって有効な支援となり得ると評価されたので報告する．

Usulan Perbaikan Manajemen Risiko Untuk Penerapan Program K3

Risk management in the Occupational Health and Safety (K3) program provides a safe working environment essential to protecting employees. To improve the effectiveness of K3 risk management, the study proposes improvements using Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment methods. (HIRA). The study aims to identify potential hazards and evaluate the risks associated with hot work in the work environment. Using the Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA) approach, risks can be identified more effectively and enable companies to take appropriate action to improve the effectiveness of risk management in occupational health and safety programs. (K3). The research methods used include document analysis, field observations, interviews, and surveys. The collected data will be analyzed using HIRA methods that include identifying hazards, assessing risks, and making recommendations for appropriate risk control. The results of this research are expected to enhance our understanding of the potential hazards and risks associated with the workplace. The resulting improvement recommendations will help the company implement appropriate precautions and improve K3 risk management.

Implementation of the Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control (HIRARC) Method on Erection Girder Work of South Japek II Toll Road Construction Project Package 3

The development of infrastructure is progressing rapidly, particularly for National Strategic Projects, such as the construction of the Jakarta-Cikampek Toll Road (Japek) South II Package 3, which is currently in progress. This toll road project also includes the construction of several interchanges that utilize girders in the process. The project commenced during a challenging time when Indonesia was facing the adverse effects of the Covid-19 pandemic, adding an additional obstacle to infrastructure work. Girder Erection Work, in particular, has recorded various types of accidents over the past few years. In response, the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing has issued Ministerial Regulation No. 10 of 2021, which provides guidelines for Construction Safety Management Systems (SMKK). By employing the Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control (HIRARC) method, it is anticipated that construction practitioners can effectively manage risks and reduce workplace accidents in this project. Additionally, the Probability Impact Matrix (PIM) will be utilized to identify the most likely hazards and risks that could significantly impact the project's implementation in the event of an accident. In this study, out of the 57 variables validated by experts, the respondents identified 17 risks classified as high-risk and determined 8 main/dominant risks in the girder erection work of the Jakarta-Cikampek Toll Road Japek South II Package 3 Project. Subsequently, control measures and mitigations are planned for these 8 main risks.

Analisis Risiko Kecelakaan Kerja pada De-Pilling Machine After Autoclave Menggunakan Metode JSA dan Pengontrolan Risiko Menggunakan Metode HIRARC pada PT.XXX

PT XXX is one of the companies engaged in goods, more precisely the manufacture of fiber cement boards and wave boards. Every product that will be marketed will be packaged where the packaging is done in the De-pilling Machine after Autoclave (DMA) area. Not all DMA machines run automatically and are run by one person, there are still DMA machines that run manually, which still require the help of human labor, because when working in manual DMA the risk is great and is done by several people, so in this area risk analysis, risk identification, risk level determination, risk control and handling are needed as an effort to improve Occupational Health and Safety (K3). The method to be used is the Job Safety Analysis (JSA) method because this method focuses on identifying hazards in the work, then the hazards will be controlled by the Hazard Identification And Risk Control (HIRARC) method. From the analysis using the JSA method, 8 jobs were found to be at risk with an average risk level of Medium - High so risk control is needed for these 8 jobs. The work will be analyzed for hazards and controlled risks, the goal is to know the magnitude of the risk of work and prioritize controlling which jobs have the most significant risk and if possible, replace machines that are still manual with automatic machines to be more efficient, reduce risk and do not require many people.

A fire risk assessment system and application for process industry using fuzzy Petri net and HAZID method

The safety risk assessment of process industries can determine the degree of safety risk and remind or warn safety management personnel to take corresponding measures according to the probability of accidents. In this paper, hazard identification (HAZID) method is combined with fuzzy Petri net to construct a hybrid safety assessment system. Firstly, the fire risk factors of HAZID are determined according to the fire statistics data. By dividing the whole industrial process into four stages, the complex hazard sources in the factory are investigated item by item, thus the fuzzy Petri net of real-time risk assessment is constructed. Taking an acetic acid enterprise as a case, this paper introduces how to construct such a risk assessment system in detail, and the system can dynamically predict the risk with changes in process conditions. This also demonstrates the feasibility of this method, which can be used as a reference for related research.

Metody identyfikacji zagrożeń i ocen ryzyka używane w przemyśle naftowym i gazowniczym

The article discusses the preparation and implementation of a complete comprehensive safety assessment of a hazardous production facility, such as environmental risk management, the risks of designing and operating enterprises, taking into account the human factor, engineering psychology, the development of labour protection management systems and other risks. When assessing risks when implementing various processes, for example, the transport support of offshore fields, it makes sense to prepare a comprehensive safety assessment of the individual operational structures. In this case, bow tie analysis is used to examine risk by demonstrating a range of possible causes and effects. The method should be applied in a situation where it is difficult to perform a complete fault tree analysis or where the research is more focused on creating barriers or controls for each failure path. The methodology for this analysis is the same as preparing and implementing an HSE for whole enterprise. The possibility to apply the Pareto principle to estimate technogenic risk parameters of composite systems was studied. According to the Pareto principle there are a few important parameters among many unimportant ones. Hence, the main success is achieved not by the many actions, but the few. This is applicable to a wide range of research areas, including manufacturing, economical and physical ones. In a bow tie diagram, some calculations may be applied for example, in a situation where the paths are independent and the probability of certain outcomes is known. Such a quantitative assessment is necessary to ensure the effectiveness of control.

ANALISIS PENERAPAN KESEHATAN DAN KESELAMATAN KERJA MENGGUNAKAN METODE HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT (HIRA) (STUDI KASUS: UKM ATHAYA DRUMBAND)

ANALYSIS OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY USING HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT (HIRA)(CASE STUUDY: SME’s ATHAYA DRUMBAND)DIY Province is a province that has a large number of SMEs. The number of SMEs in Yogyakarta in 2019 reached 42,155 units. One sector that is very influential on the economy is an industry engaged in the manufacturing sector. One of the products in the manufacturing sector is drumband equipment. This research was conducted to reduce work accidents by identifying the risks of hazards in the workplace. Identification of work accidents using the Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA) method. HIRA aims to identify the potential hazards that exist in a company to assess the magnitude of the chance of an accident or loss. The results of this study state that there are 6 potential hazards in UKM Athaya Drumband. Being exposed to wood chips from cutting results, tired due to work attitudes, being exposed to chemicals, getting burns and impaired vision due to welding activities, and being injured due to exposure to leftover production materials that are scattered. The biggest risk is the welding process, namely the dangerous end of the weld and work attitude with a percentage of 28.57%. The potential hazard in the form of chemicals in paint also has a high presentation of 19.05%.

Risk Analysis of Occupational Health and Safety Using Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control (HIRARC) Method (Case Study in PT Barokah Galangan Perkasa)

PT Barokah Galangan Perkasa is a company located in East Kalimantan that is engaged in the manufacturing, repair, and maintenance of ships. The welding activity is the most dominant in shipbuilding, but the implementation of the occupational health and safety (OHS) system is not optimal. There have been several work accidents in the upper accommodation and cargo oil tank areas, such as falling from a height, being hit by welding sparks, and an electrical short circuit. The working conditions in this area are quite risky. Therefore, research on risk analysis is needed. HIRARC is a method for identifying a problem that is assessed at risk based on the likelihood and severity where the results of the assessment can determine the level of risk and give risk control for each work activity. Research results show that there were 40 potential hazards in the upper accommodation area with 77% low risk level, 12% moderate risk level, 8% high risk level, and 3% very high risk level. While in the cargo oil tank area there was 37 potentials hazard with 84% low risk level, 13% moderate risk level, and 3% high risk level. By knowing the risk level, companies can identify work activities that require prioritized improvement. They can also determine appropriate control to prevent the occurrence of such risks. Risk control in the upper accommodation area can be achieved through the implementation of administrative controls, utilization of PPE, and technical engineering controls.

Проблемы оценки риска по результатам HAZOP-исследования

HAZOP hazard identification method, which considers the parts of a system individually, has disadvantages that limit its application to structurally complex technological systems. In these cases, the simplified risk analysis methods such as FMEA, FMECA, etc. cannot be correct. To assess the risk of complex systems, it is recommended to conduct additional studies using the methods such as FTA and ETA, and other more rigorous methods. Additional studies require a significant investment of time, which is often limited by design time. Limitations can be overcome by using the information technology. The use of the FTA and ETA methods as the methods for identifying hazards directly in HAZOP study process allows to supplement HAZOP procedure with an analysis of deviations in the characteristics of the system elements from the design goals, their causes, and hazardous consequences in the entire technological system. It becomes possible, based on the results of HAZOP studies, to automatically build and analyze a combined fault tree and event tree. To determine the permissible probability of a hazardous event, a calibrated risk graph and the results of accident modeling are used. Automated analysis of the combined fault tree and event tree will allow to consider solution options, determine the risk created by the controlled equipment, select the systems for its consistent reduction and optimal requirements for the functions and reliability of safety systems used to reduce the risk.

Reproductive-Toxicity-Related Endpoints in C. elegans Are Consistent with Reduced Concern for Dimethylarsinic Acid Exposure Relative to Inorganic Arsenic.

Exposures to arsenic and mercury are known to pose significant threats to human health; however, the effects specific to organic vs. inorganic forms are not fully understood. Caenorhabditis elegans' (C. elegans) transparent cuticle, along with the conservation of key genetic pathways regulating developmental and reproductive toxicology (DART)-related processes such as germ stem cell renewal and differentiation, meiosis, and embryonic tissue differentiation and growth, support this model's potential to address the need for quicker and more dependable testing methods for DART hazard identification. Organic and inorganic forms of mercury and arsenic had different effects on reproductive-related endpoints in C. elegans, with methylmercury (meHgCl) having effects at lower concentrations than mercury chloride (HgCl2), and sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) having effects at lower concentrations than dimethylarsinic acid (DMA). Progeny to adult ratio changes and germline apoptosis were seen at concentrations that also affected gravid adult gross morphology. For both forms of arsenic tested, germline histone regulation was altered at concentrations below those that affected progeny/adult ratios, while concentrations for these two endpoints were similar for the mercury compounds. These C. elegans findings are consistent with corresponding mammalian data, where available, suggesting that small animal model test systems may help to fill critical data gaps by contributing to weight of evidence assessments.

Risk management of skin sensitisers: A commentary

Historically, allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to chemicals encouraged hazard identification improvements, more sophisticated risk assessment and implementation of regulatory strategies, including banning of specific sensitising substances. The validation process applied to hazard identification methods demonstrates their accuracy; their use to characterise sensitiser potency facilitates quantitative and transparent risk assessment. Diagnostic patch testing at dermatology clinics worldwide delivers feedback showing where risk assessment/management has been insufficient or did not target the exposure of concern, thereby facilitating improvements. When urgent action to protect human health was required, regulations limited/banned, specific skin sensitisers. This can be seen in practice with the fragrance industry, a known source of ACD, thus requiring risk management, usually restrictions to limit allergy induction, and very rarely specific bans on ingredients. Experience and development of more sophisticated tools, e.g. to assess aggregate exposure from multitude of consumer product types, has led to repeated adaptation of risk assessment and promulgation of updated fragrance use limits. Although targeted control may not always lead to rapid change in the overall clinical picture, it is preferable to a blanket undifferentiated regulatory control of all sensitisers, resulting in unwarranted restrictions for many uses of no health concern, with consequent substantial socio-economic impacts.